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Coordinates: 31°47′20″N 35°12′00″E / 31.789°N 35.200°E / 31.789; 35.200
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{{Short description|Bridge in Jerusalem}}
{{Infobox bridge
{{Infobox bridge
| bridge_name = Bridge of Strings
| bridge_name = Chords Bridge
| native_name = גשר המיתרים
| native_name = גשר המיתרים
| native_name_lang = he
| native_name_lang = he
| image = Jerusalem Chords Bridge.JPG
| image = Jerusalem Chords Bridge 5.JPG
| image_size =
| image_size = 240px
| alt =
| alt = View of the bridge in 2008
| caption =
| caption =
| official_name =
| official_name = chords bridge
| other_name =
| other_name = Bridge of Strings,<br/>Jerusalem
| carries = 2&nbsp;tracks of [[Jerusalem Light Rail]] and 1&nbsp;sidewalk
| carries = [[Jerusalem Light Rail]], pedestrians
| crosses = Shazar Street
| crosses = Shazar Boulevard
| locale = [[Jerusalem]], [[Israel]]
| locale = [[Jerusalem]]
| owner =
| owner =
| maint =
| maint =
| id =
| id =
| website =
| website =
| architect = [[Santiago Calatrava]]
| architect = [[Santiago Calatrava]]
| designer =
| designer =
| engineering = Santiago Calatrava
| engineering = Santiago Calatrava
| design = [[Cantilever spar cable-stayed bridge]]
| design = [[Side-spar cable-stayed bridge]]
| material = Steel, reinforced concrete
| material = Steel, reinforced concrete
| length = {{convert|360|m}}
| length = {{convert|360|m}}
| width = {{convert|14.82|m}}
| width = {{convert|14.82|m}}
| height = {{convert|118|m}}
| height = {{convert|118|m}}
| mainspan = {{convert|160|m}}
| mainspan = {{convert|160|m}}
| spans =
| spans =
| load =
| load =
| below = {{convert|3.71|m}}
| below = {{convert|3.71|m}}
| life =
| life =
| builder =
| builder =
| fabricator =
| fabricator =
| begin = 2005
| begin = 2005
| complete =
| complete = 2008
| cost = [[Israeli new shekel|NIS]] 246 million
| cost = [[Israeli new shekel|NIS]] 246 million
| open =
| open =
| inaugurated = June 25, 2008
| inaugurated = June 25, 2008
| traffic =
| traffic =
| map_cue =
| map_cue =
| map_image =
| map_image =
| map_alt =
| map_alt =
| map_text =
| map_text =
| map_width =
⚫
| coordinates = {{coord|31.789|N|35.200|E|type:landmark|display=it}}
| map_width =
⚫
| references = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_sys/publish/HtmlFiles/24102/results_pub_id=29722.html|title=Jerusalem Light Rail Project|accessdate=July 29, 2013|publisher=[[Jerusalem Municipality]]}}</ref><ref name="JPostGala"/>
⚫
| coordinates = {{coord|31.789|N|35.200|E|type:landmark|display=it}}
⚫
| extra =
⚫
| references = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_sys/publish/HtmlFiles/24102/results_pub_id=29722.html|title=Jerusalem Light Rail Project|accessdate=July 29, 2013|publisher=[[Jerusalem Municipality]]}}</ref><ref name="JPostGala"/>
| extra =
| num_track = 2
| track_gauge = {{Track gauge|standard}}
| structure_gauge =
| electrification = [[Overhead line]]s
}}
}}


[[File:Jerusalem Chords Bridge 5.JPG|thumb|View of the bridge in 2008]]
[[File:Jerusalem Chords Bridge.JPG|thumb|Aerial view of the bridge at night]]
The '''Bridge of Strings''' ({{lang-he|גשר המיתרים}}, ''Gesher HaMeitarim''), also called the '''Chords Bridge''' or '''Jerusalem Light Rail Bridge''', is a [[cantilever spar cable-stayed bridge]] in [[Jerusalem]], [[Israel]]. The structure was designed by the [[Spain|Spanish]] [[architect]] and [[engineer]] [[Santiago Calatrava]] and is used by [[Jerusalem Light Rail]]'s Red Line, which began service on August 19, 2011. Incorporated in the bridge is a glass-sided pedestrian bridge enabling pedestrians to cross from [[Kiryat Moshe]] to the [[Jerusalem Central Bus Station]]. The bridge, which cost about $70 million ([[new Israeli Shekel|NIS]] 246 million), was inaugurated on June 25, 2008.<ref name="JPostGala">{{cite news| url=http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=105530| newspaper=Jerusalem Post| title=Jerusalem landmark inaugurated with gala| first=Etgar|last= Lefkovits| date= 25 June 2008}}</ref>
The '''Chords Bridge''' ({{langx|he|גשר המיתרים}}, ''Gesher HaMeitarim''), also called the '''Bridge of Strings''' or '''Jerusalem Light Rail Bridge''', is a [[side-spar cable-stayed bridge]] in [[Jerusalem]]. The structure was designed by the [[Spain|Spanish]] [[architect]] and [[engineer]] [[Santiago Calatrava]] and is used by [[Jerusalem Light Rail]]'s Red Line, which began service on August 19, 2011. Incorporated in the bridge is a glass-sided pedestrian bridge enabling pedestrians to cross from [[Kiryat Moshe]] to the [[Jerusalem Central Bus Station]]. The bridge, which cost about $70 million ([[new Israeli Shekel|NIS]] 246 million), was inaugurated on June 25, 2008.<ref name="JPostGala">{{cite news| url=http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=105530| newspaper=[[The Jerusalem Post]]| title=Jerusalem landmark inaugurated with gala| first=Etgar|last= Lefkovits| date= 25 June 2008}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
Calatrava first visited Israel for the opening of an exhibition of his works in Haifa in 1997. During that visit, he was invited to design a pedestrian bridge in [[Petah Tikva]], which was opened in 2005. He was invited to Jerusalem by city engineer Uri Shetrit and former mayor [[Ehud Olmert]],<ref name="HaaretzBuilder">{{cite news| url=http://www.haaretz.com/culture/arts-leisure/the-builder-of-bridges-1.125445| newspaper=Haaretz|date=17 June 2004| title=The builder of bridges| first=Esther|last= Zandberg}}</ref> who, according to Calatrava, challenged him to "do the most beautiful contemporary bridge".<ref name="NYT">{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/02/world/africa/02iht-journal.4.11627091.html| newspaper=New York Times|title=Grand bridge for a drab Jerusalem neighborhood| first=Isabel| last= Kershner| date=4 April 2008}}</ref>
Calatrava first visited Israel for the opening of an exhibition of his works in Haifa in 1997. During that visit, he was invited to design a pedestrian bridge in [[Petah Tikva]], which was opened in 2005. He was invited to Jerusalem by city engineer Uri Shetrit and former mayor [[Ehud Olmert]],<ref name="HaaretzBuilder">{{cite news| url=http://www.haaretz.com/culture/arts-leisure/the-builder-of-bridges-1.125445| newspaper=[[Haaretz]]|date=17 June 2004| title=The builder of bridges| first=Esther|last= Zandberg}}</ref> who, according to Calatrava, challenged him to "do the most beautiful contemporary bridge".<ref name="NYT">{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/02/world/africa/02iht-journal.4.11627091.html| newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|title=Grand bridge for a drab Jerusalem neighborhood| first=Isabel| last= Kershner| date=4 April 2008}}</ref>


Construction of the Chords Bridge began in 2005, with an estimated cost of NIS 129 million, far higher than the initial forecast of NIS 80 million.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/business/shapir-eiffel-win-tender-to-build-calatrava-bridge-project-1.147718| newspaper=Haaretz|date=20 January 2005| title=Shapir, Eiffel win tender to build Calatrava bridge project| first=Sharon|last= Kedmi}}</ref>
Construction of the Chords Bridge began in 2005, with an estimated cost of NIS 129 million, far higher than the initial forecast of NIS 80 million.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/business/shapir-eiffel-win-tender-to-build-calatrava-bridge-project-1.147718| newspaper=Haaretz|date=20 January 2005| title=Shapir, Eiffel win tender to build Calatrava bridge project| first=Sharon|last= Kedmi}}</ref>
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The bridge was designed to add a defining visual element to the Jerusalem "skyline" at the entrance to the city, and to carry a light rail system, expected to solve some of the city's traffic problems. For Calatrava the bridge is "also the excuse to create a major plaza, to give character and unity to this delicate place".<ref name="arcspace"/>
The bridge was designed to add a defining visual element to the Jerusalem "skyline" at the entrance to the city, and to carry a light rail system, expected to solve some of the city's traffic problems. For Calatrava the bridge is "also the excuse to create a major plaza, to give character and unity to this delicate place".<ref name="arcspace"/>


Similar to Calatrava's [[Puente del Alamillo]] in [[Seville]], Spain, the bridge makes use of an angled cantilever tower to absorb some of the load and reduce the number of cable stays needed. The bridge consists of a single pylon counterbalancing a {{convert|160|m|yd|adj=on}} span with lengths of cables, making a dramatic architectural statement. While this is Calatrava's 40th bridge, it is the first he has designed to carry both train and pedestrian traffic.<ref name="Time">{{cite news| url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1642444_1849541_1849538,00.html#ixzz0iWuABfDF| title= Striking Chords in Jerusalem| newspaper=[[Time Magazine]]| date=16 July 2007}}</ref>
Similar to Calatrava's [[Puente del Alamillo]] in [[Seville]], Spain, the bridge makes use of an angled cantilever tower to absorb some of the load and reduce the number of cable stays needed. The bridge consists of a single pylon counterbalancing a {{convert|160|m|yd|adj=on}} span with lengths of cables, making a dramatic architectural statement. While this is Calatrava's 40th bridge, it is the first he has designed to carry both train and pedestrian traffic.<ref name="Time">{{cite news| url=https://content.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1642444_1849541_1849538,00.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081122073944/http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1642444_1849541_1849538,00.html#ixzz0iWuABfDF| url-status=live| archive-date=November 22, 2008| title= Striking Chords in Jerusalem| newspaper=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]| date=16 July 2007}}</ref>


A striking feature of the bridge is a single {{convert|118|m|yd|adj=on}} high mast supported by 66 steel cables<ref name="haaretz1">{{cite web|url = http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/996244.html |title = Discord at opening of Chords Bridge - Haaretz - Israel News |accessdate = 2008-07-02}}</ref> arranged in a parabolic shape which develops three-dimensionally in space,<ref name="arcspace">{{cite web| url=http://www.arcspace.com/architects/calatrava/light_bridge/light_bridge.html| title=Santiago Calatrava, Light Rail Train Bridge, Jerusalem, Israel| publisher= arcspace.com| date=21 July 2008}}</ref> making it the tallest structure in Jerusalem at the time of its completion. The exterior of the bridge is mostly clad in [[Jerusalem stone]], with steel, glass and concrete detailing. Dubbed "Jerusalem's first shrine of modern design" by [[Time Magazine]],<ref name="Time"/> the bridge has become a tourist attraction.
A striking feature of the bridge is a single {{convert|118|m|yd|adj=on}} high mast supporting the roadway via 66 steel cables<ref name="haaretz1">{{cite web|url = http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/996244.html |title = Discord at opening of Chords Bridge - Haaretz - Israel News |accessdate = 2008-07-02}}</ref> arranged in a parabolic shape which develops three-dimensionally in space,<ref name="arcspace">{{cite web| url=http://www.arcspace.com/architects/calatrava/light_bridge/light_bridge.html| title=Santiago Calatrava, Light Rail Train Bridge, Jerusalem, Israel| publisher= arcspace.com| date=21 July 2008}}</ref> making it the tallest structure in Jerusalem at the time of its completion. The exterior of the bridge is mostly clad in [[Jerusalem stone]], with steel, glass and concrete detailing. Dubbed "Jerusalem's first shrine of modern design" by ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine,<ref name="Time"/> the bridge has become a tourist attraction.


The form of the bridge resembles a tent in the desert or a harp, with the cables as the strings, symbolising [[Kinnor|King David's harp]], according to Calatrava,<ref name="HaaretzHarp">{{cite news|date=25 June 2008| title=Jerusalem's Bridge of Chords - a new addition to city of ancient symbols| author=The Associated Press| url= http://www.haaretz.com/travel/jerusalem-s-bridge-of-chords-a-new-addition-to-city-of-ancient-symbols-1.248468| newspaper=Haaretz}}</ref> others interpret the looming pylon as the bust of a long-necked bird, a human arm or an arrow caught in a bow.<ref name="Forward">{{cite news| url=http://www.forward.com/articles/13730/| title= A Bridge, Yes, But to Where?| newspaper= [[The Jewish Daily Forward]]| date=9 July 2008| first=Ian| last= Volner}}</ref>
The form of the bridge resembles a tent in the desert or a harp, with the cables as the strings, symbolising [[Kinnor|King David's harp]], according to some observers,<ref name="HaaretzHarp">{{cite news|date=25 June 2008| title=Jerusalem's Bridge of Chords - a new addition to city of ancient symbols| author=The Associated Press| url= http://www.haaretz.com/travel/jerusalem-s-bridge-of-chords-a-new-addition-to-city-of-ancient-symbols-1.248468| newspaper=Haaretz}}</ref> others interpret the looming pylon as the bust of a long-necked bird, a human arm or an arrow caught in a bow.<ref name="Forward">{{cite news| url=http://www.forward.com/articles/13730/| title= A Bridge, Yes, But to Where?| newspaper= [[The Jewish Daily Forward]]| date=9 July 2008| first=Ian| last= Volner}}</ref>


==Acceptance and criticism==
==Acceptance and criticism==
The project was accepted with great controversy. Supporters, such as architectural historian [[David Kroyanker]], said that the bridge helps developing western Jerusalem and its modern requirements.<ref>{{Citation
The project had many people concerned, but was welcomed with great controversy. Supporters, such as architectural historian [[David Kroyanker]], said that the bridge helps developing western Jerusalem and its modern requirements.<ref>{{Citation
| last = Rotem
| last = Rotem
| first = Tamar
| first = Tamar
| title = The Controversial Bridge (גשר המחלוקת)
| title = The Controversial Bridge (גשר המחלוקת)
| newspaper = [[Haaretz]]
| newspaper = Haaretz
| language = Henbrew
| language = Hebrew
| year =
| year =
| date = 19 May 2008
| date = 19 May 2008
| url = http://www.haaretz.co.il/misc/1.1325232
| url = http://www.haaretz.co.il/misc/1.1325232
⚫
| accessdate = 5 December 2011}}</ref> Overall, however, the project has been criticized as an extravagant and costly solution to a problem that could have been solved by cheaper means.<ref name="haaretz1"/> The final cost of over $70 million exceeding the original budget more than twofold. The aesthetics of the bridge and its impact on Jerusalem have also sparked controversy.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/985708.html |title = The bridge too far - or not far enough? |newspaper = Haaretz |accessdate = 2008-07-02 |archive-date = 2009-05-15 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090515153742/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/985708.html |url-status = dead }}</ref> Some say the bridge, situated at the city's crowded entrance, does not have enough space around it for people to appreciate its artistic merit, while others feel that the bridge is simply out of its element and question whether it fits visually in the city.<ref name="NYT"/> The bridge's dedication ceremony, a $500,000 extravaganza, also drew criticism, particularly as young female dancers, subsequently dubbed the "Taliban troupe",<ref>{{cite news| newspaper=The Jerusalem Post| title=Jerusalem Affairs: Giving new meaning to an undivided capital| first=Etgar| last= Lefkovits| date=13 November 2008}}</ref> were compelled to wear long skirts and cover their hair after [[ultra-Orthodox Jew]]s threatened to disrupt the ceremony.<ref name="HaaretzHarp"/>
| archiveurl =
| archivedate =
| accessdate = 5 December 2011}}</ref> Artist [[Jonathan Kis-Lev]] included the bridge in one of his paintings in a discreet way, most likely as a sign of acceptance.<ref>{{Citation
| last = Thrope
| first = Samuel
| author-link =
⚫
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| title = The Metamorphosis: Jonathan Kis-Lev's Jerusalems
| newspaper = Zeek, a Jewish Journal of Thought and Culture
| pages =
| year =
| date = 21 March 2011
| url = http://zeek.forward.com/articles/117212/
| archiveurl =
| archivedate =
⚫
| accessdate = 5 December 2011}}</ref> Overall, however, the project has been criticized as an extravagant and costly solution to a problem that could have been solved by cheaper means,<ref name="haaretz1"/> the final cost of over $70 million exceeding the original budget more than twofold. The aesthetics of the bridge and its impact on Jerusalem have also sparked controversy.<ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/985708.html |title = The bridge too far - or not far enough?| newspaper= Haaretz| accessdate = 2008-07-02}}</ref> Some say the bridge, situated at the city's crowded entrance, does not have enough space around it for people to appreciate its artistic merit, while others feel that the bridge is simply out of its element and question whether it fits visually in the city.<ref name="NYT"/> The bridge's dedication ceremony, a $500,000 extravaganza, also drew criticism, particularly as young female dancers, subsequently dubbed the "Taliban troupe",<ref>{{cite news| newspaper=Jerusalem Post| title=Jerusalem Affairs: Giving new meaning to an undivided capital| first=Etgar| last= Lefkovits| date=13 November 2008}}</ref> were compelled to wear long skirts and cover their hair after [[ultra-Orthodox Jew]]s threatened to disrupt the ceremony.<ref name="HaaretzHarp"/>


== See also ==
==See also==
*[[Side-spar cable-stayed bridge]]
*[[Side-spar cable-stayed bridge]]


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==External links==
==External links==
⚫
{{commons category|Jerusalem Chords Bridge}}
* [http://plus.maths.org/content/bridges-string-art-and-bezier-curves Bridges, string art and Bézier curves] &mdash; mathematical analysis of the shape.
* [http://plus.maths.org/content/bridges-string-art-and-bezier-curves Bridges, string art and Bézier curves] &mdash; mathematical analysis of the shape.


{{Authority control}}
⚫
{{commons category|Jerusalem Chords Bridge}}


[[Category:Santiago Calatrava structures]]
[[Category:Bridges by Santiago Calatrava]]
[[Category:Bridges completed in 2011]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Jerusalem]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Jerusalem]]
[[Category:Bridges in Israel]]
[[Category:Bridges in Israel]]<!-- pedestrian as well as rail bridge -->
[[Category:Cable-stayed bridges]]
[[Category:Cable-stayed bridges]]
[[Category:Railway bridges in Israel]]
[[Category:Railway bridges in Israel]]
[[Category:Bridges completed in 2008]]
[[Category:Transport in Jerusalem]]
[[Category:Neo-futurism architecture]]
[[Category:Neo-futurist architecture]]
[[Category:Jerusalem Light Rail]]
[[Category:Tram bridges]]

Latest revision as of 08:51, 28 November 2024

Chords Bridge

גשר המיתרים
View of the bridge in 2008
Coordinates31°47′20″N 35°12′00″E / 31.789°N 35.200°E / 31.789; 35.200
CarriesJerusalem Light Rail, pedestrians
CrossesShazar Boulevard
LocaleJerusalem
Official namechords bridge
Other name(s)Bridge of Strings,
Jerusalem
Characteristics
DesignSide-spar cable-stayed bridge
MaterialSteel, reinforced concrete
Total length360 metres (1,180 ft)
Width14.82 metres (48.6 ft)
Height118 metres (387 ft)
Longest span160 metres (520 ft)
Clearance below3.71 metres (12.2 ft)
Rail characteristics
No. of tracks2
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
ElectrifiedOverhead lines
History
ArchitectSantiago Calatrava
Engineering design bySantiago Calatrava
Construction start2005
Construction end2008
Construction costNIS 246 million
InauguratedJune 25, 2008
Location
Map
References
[1][2]
Aerial view of the bridge at night

The Chords Bridge (Hebrew: גשר המיתרים, Gesher HaMeitarim), also called the Bridge of Strings or Jerusalem Light Rail Bridge, is a side-spar cable-stayed bridge in Jerusalem. The structure was designed by the Spanish architect and engineer Santiago Calatrava and is used by Jerusalem Light Rail's Red Line, which began service on August 19, 2011. Incorporated in the bridge is a glass-sided pedestrian bridge enabling pedestrians to cross from Kiryat Moshe to the Jerusalem Central Bus Station. The bridge, which cost about $70 million (NIS 246 million), was inaugurated on June 25, 2008.[2]

History

[edit]

Calatrava first visited Israel for the opening of an exhibition of his works in Haifa in 1997. During that visit, he was invited to design a pedestrian bridge in Petah Tikva, which was opened in 2005. He was invited to Jerusalem by city engineer Uri Shetrit and former mayor Ehud Olmert,[3] who, according to Calatrava, challenged him to "do the most beautiful contemporary bridge".[4]

Construction of the Chords Bridge began in 2005, with an estimated cost of NIS 129 million, far higher than the initial forecast of NIS 80 million.[5]

Design and symbolism

[edit]

The bridge was designed to add a defining visual element to the Jerusalem "skyline" at the entrance to the city, and to carry a light rail system, expected to solve some of the city's traffic problems. For Calatrava the bridge is "also the excuse to create a major plaza, to give character and unity to this delicate place".[6]

Similar to Calatrava's Puente del Alamillo in Seville, Spain, the bridge makes use of an angled cantilever tower to absorb some of the load and reduce the number of cable stays needed. The bridge consists of a single pylon counterbalancing a 160-metre (170 yd) span with lengths of cables, making a dramatic architectural statement. While this is Calatrava's 40th bridge, it is the first he has designed to carry both train and pedestrian traffic.[7]

A striking feature of the bridge is a single 118-metre (129 yd) high mast supporting the roadway via 66 steel cables[8] arranged in a parabolic shape which develops three-dimensionally in space,[6] making it the tallest structure in Jerusalem at the time of its completion. The exterior of the bridge is mostly clad in Jerusalem stone, with steel, glass and concrete detailing. Dubbed "Jerusalem's first shrine of modern design" by Time magazine,[7] the bridge has become a tourist attraction.

The form of the bridge resembles a tent in the desert or a harp, with the cables as the strings, symbolising King David's harp, according to some observers,[9] others interpret the looming pylon as the bust of a long-necked bird, a human arm or an arrow caught in a bow.[10]

Acceptance and criticism

[edit]

The project had many people concerned, but was welcomed with great controversy. Supporters, such as architectural historian David Kroyanker, said that the bridge helps developing western Jerusalem and its modern requirements.[11] Overall, however, the project has been criticized as an extravagant and costly solution to a problem that could have been solved by cheaper means.[8] The final cost of over $70 million exceeding the original budget more than twofold. The aesthetics of the bridge and its impact on Jerusalem have also sparked controversy.[12] Some say the bridge, situated at the city's crowded entrance, does not have enough space around it for people to appreciate its artistic merit, while others feel that the bridge is simply out of its element and question whether it fits visually in the city.[4] The bridge's dedication ceremony, a $500,000 extravaganza, also drew criticism, particularly as young female dancers, subsequently dubbed the "Taliban troupe",[13] were compelled to wear long skirts and cover their hair after ultra-Orthodox Jews threatened to disrupt the ceremony.[9]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Jerusalem Light Rail Project". Jerusalem Municipality. Retrieved July 29, 2013.
  2. ^ a b Lefkovits, Etgar (25 June 2008). "Jerusalem landmark inaugurated with gala". The Jerusalem Post.
  3. ^ Zandberg, Esther (17 June 2004). "The builder of bridges". Haaretz.
  4. ^ a b Kershner, Isabel (4 April 2008). "Grand bridge for a drab Jerusalem neighborhood". The New York Times.
  5. ^ Kedmi, Sharon (20 January 2005). "Shapir, Eiffel win tender to build Calatrava bridge project". Haaretz.
  6. ^ a b "Santiago Calatrava, Light Rail Train Bridge, Jerusalem, Israel". arcspace.com. 21 July 2008.
  7. ^ a b "Striking Chords in Jerusalem". Time. 16 July 2007. Archived from the original on November 22, 2008.
  8. ^ a b "Discord at opening of Chords Bridge - Haaretz - Israel News". Retrieved 2008-07-02.
  9. ^ a b The Associated Press (25 June 2008). "Jerusalem's Bridge of Chords - a new addition to city of ancient symbols". Haaretz.
  10. ^ Volner, Ian (9 July 2008). "A Bridge, Yes, But to Where?". The Jewish Daily Forward.
  11. ^ Rotem, Tamar (19 May 2008), "The Controversial Bridge (גשר המחלוקת)", Haaretz (in Hebrew), retrieved 5 December 2011
  12. ^ "The bridge too far - or not far enough?". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 2009-05-15. Retrieved 2008-07-02.
  13. ^ Lefkovits, Etgar (13 November 2008). "Jerusalem Affairs: Giving new meaning to an undivided capital". The Jerusalem Post.
[edit]
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