Pelhřimov: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
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| name = Pelhřimov |
| name = Pelhřimov |
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| native_name = |
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| other_name = |
| other_name = |
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| settlement_type = Town |
| settlement_type = [[Obec|Town]] |
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<!-- images |
<!-- images --> |
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| image_skyline = |
| image_skyline = Pelhřimov (053).jpg |
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| image_caption = Masaryk Square |
| image_caption = Masaryk Square |
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| image_flag = Flag of Pelhrimov.jpg |
| image_flag = Flag of Pelhrimov.jpg |
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| image_shield = Pelhrimov.gif |
| image_shield = Pelhrimov.gif |
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| etymology = |
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<!-- location --> |
<!-- location --> |
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| subdivision_type = Country |
| subdivision_type = Country |
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| pushpin_relief = 1 |
| pushpin_relief = 1 |
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the Czech Republic |
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the Czech Republic |
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| coordinates = {{coord|49|25| |
| coordinates = {{coord|49|25|53|N|15|13|24|E|display=inline,title}} |
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| coordinates_footnotes = |
| coordinates_footnotes = |
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<!-- government type, leaders --> |
<!-- government type, leaders --> |
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| leader_title = Mayor |
| leader_title = Mayor |
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| leader_name = Ladislav Med |
| leader_name = Ladislav Med |
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| leader_party = {{polparty|Czech Republic|ODS}} |
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<!-- established --> |
<!-- established --> |
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| established_title = |
| established_title = First mentioned |
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| established_date = |
| established_date = 1289 |
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<!-- area --> |
<!-- area --> |
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| area_footnotes = |
| area_footnotes = |
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| area_total_km2 = 95. |
| area_total_km2 = 95.28 |
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<!-- elevation --> |
<!-- elevation --> |
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| elevation_footnotes = |
| elevation_footnotes = |
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| elevation_m = 494 |
| elevation_m = 494 |
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<!-- population --> |
<!-- population --> |
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| population_as_of = |
| population_as_of = 2024-01-01 |
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| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024|url=https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/population-of-municipalities-qexb0dqr2d|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2024-05-17}}</ref> |
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| population_total = 16420 |
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| population_total = 16048 |
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| population_density_km2 = auto |
| population_density_km2 = auto |
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<!-- time zone(s) --> |
<!-- time zone(s) --> |
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<!-- postal codes, area code --> |
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| postal_code_type = Postal code |
| postal_code_type = Postal code |
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| postal_code = 393 01 |
| postal_code = 393 01 |
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| area_code_type = |
| area_code_type = |
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| area_code = |
| area_code = |
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<!-- website, footnotes --> |
<!-- website, footnotes --> |
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| website = {{URL| |
| website = {{URL|https://www.mestopelhrimov.cz/}} |
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| footnotes = |
| footnotes = |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Pelhřimov''' ({{ |
'''Pelhřimov''' ({{langx|de|Pilgrams}}) is a town in the [[Vysočina Region]] of the [[Czech Republic]]. It has about 16,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an [[Cultural monument (Czech Republic)#Monument reservations|urban monument reservation]]. |
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==Administrative parts== |
==Administrative parts== |
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The following 26 villages are administrative parts of Pelhřimov: |
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Pelhřimov's area of 95 km<sup>2</sup> is one of the largest for a town in the Czech Republic. Villages and communities have been integrated for 80 years, which are part of the town and are more than 10 km distant. |
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{{div col|colwidth=10em}} |
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The extent of the town includes 24 administrative parts: |
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*Benátky |
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Benátky, Bitětice, Čakovice, Chvojnov, Hodějovice, Houserovka, Janovice, Jelcovy Lhotky, Kocourovy Lhotky, Lešov, Lipice, Myslotín, Nemojov, Ostrovec, Pejškov, Pelhřimov, Pobistrýce, Radětín, Radňov, Rybníček, Skrýšov, Služátky, Starý Pelhřimov, Strměchy, Útěchovičky, Vlásenice and Vlásenice-Drbohlavy. |
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*Bitětice |
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*Čakovice |
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*Chvojnov |
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*Hodějovice |
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*Houserovka |
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*Janovice |
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*Jelcovy Lhotky |
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*Kocourovy Lhotky |
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*Lešov |
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*Lipice |
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*Myslotín |
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*Nemojov |
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*Ostrovec |
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*Pejškov |
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*Pobistrýce |
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*Radětín |
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*Radňov |
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*Rybníček |
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*Skrýšov |
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*Služátky |
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*Starý Pelhřimov |
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*Strměchy |
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*Útěchovičky |
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*Vlásenice |
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*Vlásenice-Drbohlavy |
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{{div col end}} |
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Benátky, Houserovka, Janovice and Ostrovec, Lešov, Nemojov and Radňov, and Vlásenice-Drbohlavy form three [[Enclave and exclave|exclave]]s of the municipal territory. |
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==History== |
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===Early history=== |
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[[File:Pelhřimov - staré foto.tif|thumb|left|Masaryk Square]] |
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==Etymology== |
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The earliest settlement, in the first half of the 13th century, was probably near St. Vitus church and in Hrnčiřská street. In 1289 it was raided by Vítek of Hluboká. In 1290 King [[Wenceslaus II of Bohemia|Wenceslaus II]] granted Bishop Tobias of Bechyně a concession to renovate the town and fortify it with ramparts. The town was first settled mainly by German colonists. Gradually Czechs established themselves as the majority. In the [[Hussite Wars]], Pelhřimov sided with the [[Hussites]] and even provided one of their spiritual leaders, Mikuláš (Nicholas) Biskupec of Pelhřimov. |
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The name Pelhřimov is derived from the personal name Pelhřim (in Latin Peregrinus), meaning "Pelhřim's (court)". In Latin, the word ''[[Pilgrimage|peregrinus]]'' literally means 'stranger'.<ref>{{cite book |last=Profous|first=Antonín|title=Místní jména v Čechách III: M–Ř|url=https://mjc.ujc.cas.cz/search.php|page=338|year=1951|language=cs}}</ref> According to legend, Pelhřimov was founded by Bishop Pelhřim (Peregrinus) of Wartenberg around 1225.<ref>{{cite web |title=Historie města|url=https://www.pelhrimovsko.cz/cz/o-meste/historie-mesta.htm|publisher=Město Pelhřimov|language=cs|access-date=2023-12-04}}</ref> |
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==Geography== |
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The favourable position of the town, on the borderline of the domain of the Rožmberks and of the lords of Kunštát, was important after the upheavals ended and the reconciliation of the lords began. In 1446-1450 Pelhřimov was chosen as the venue of land diets (parliaments or deliberative councils), attended in person even by King Jiří of Poděbrady. Silver mining, in the vicinity of [[Křemešník]], helped the expansion of Pelhřimov. Many crafts flourished in the town: drapers and clothiers, weavers, dyers, gingerbread makers and brewers. In 1434 the town passed into the hands of the Lords Trček of Lípa, who sold the estate in 1550 to Adam Říčanský of Říčany, who built a castle in the immediate vicinity of the town ramparts. |
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[[File:Pelhřimov (060).jpg|thumb|General view]] |
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Pelhřimov's municipal territory of about {{convert|95|km2|abbr=on}} is one of the largest for a town in the Czech Republic. The town is located about {{convert|37|km}} west of [[Jihlava]], approximately halfway between [[Prague]] and [[Brno]]. |
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Pelhřimov lies in the [[Křemešník Highlands]]. The highest point of the municipal territory is a [[contour line]] in the southeastern part, at {{convert|700|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level. The municipal territory is located in the valley of the small river Bělá, which flows through the built-up area. Typical for the territory is a large number of small fishponds. |
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However, the lords of Říčany did not reside at the castle for long. Adam's son Karel systematically interfered with the rights of the burghers and was involved in endless disputes with them. Finally, in 1572, the town bought its freedom. In 1596 Emperor Rudolf II elevated Pelhřimov to a royal town. The repressions that followed the Uprising of the Estates interrupted the promising expansion of the town. The disaster was completed by a huge fire in 1646, which laid waste most of the town's buildings. Paradoxically, Pelhřimov should now be grateful for the fires, because they contributed to the town's present homogeneity. Another devastating fire ravaged the town in 1766; thanks to it, the town houses are uniformly Renaissance-Baroque. |
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==History== |
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===19th and 20th century=== |
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[[File:Juhnova veduta Pelhřimova.jpg|thumb|Painting of Pelhřimov by Vojtěch Benedikt Juhn from the first half of the 19th century]] |
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The national revival affected Pelhřimov, just as it affected all other towns in the country. Some of the patriotic associations founded during that period continue their activities until today. The Záboj choir was founded in 1862, Sokol in 1865, the Readers' circle in 1874 and Rieger, an amateur dramatic group, in 1894.{{citation needed|date=May 2012}} The salt house built in 1707 was reconstructed as the National House and is today the Pelhřimov Theatre.{{citation needed|date=May 2012}} |
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[[File:Zámek Pelhřimov 02.JPG|thumb|Pelhřimov Castle]] |
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The earliest settlement was probably founded in first half of the 13th century near the Church of Saint Vitus. The first written mention of Pelhřimov is from 1289, when it was raided by Vítek of Hluboká. In 1290, King [[Wenceslaus II of Bohemia|Wenceslaus II]] granted Bishop Tobiáš of Bechyně a concession to renovate the town and fortify it. The town was first settled mainly by German colonists. Gradually Czechs established themselves as the majority.<ref name=history>{{cite web |title=History|url=https://www.pelhrimovsko.cz/en/about-pelhrimov/history/history.htm|publisher=Město Pelhřimov|access-date=2024-11-28}}</ref> |
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In the [[Hussite Wars]], Pelhřimov sided with the [[Hussites]]. The favourable position of the town, on the borderline of the domain of the [[Rosenberg family]] and of the Lords of Kunštát, was important after the upheavals ended and the reconciliation of the lords began. In 1446–1450, Pelhřimov was chosen as the venue of land diets (parliaments or deliberative councils), which were attended by King [[George of Poděbrady]]. Silver mining in the vicinity of [[Křemešník]] helped the expansion of Pelhřimov. The crafts flourished in the town. In 1434 the town was acquired by the Lords Trčka of Lípa. They sold the estate in 1550 to Adam Říčanský of Říčany, who had built a castle adjacent to the town walls. The Lords of Říčany resided in the castle until 1572, when the town bought its freedom.<ref name=history/> |
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The 19th century brought an expansion of industry, principally brush-making, hosiery and the production of agricultural implements. In addition to these industries there was a long tradition of brewing. Beer has been brewed in Pelhřimov since 1552, when the town was granted the privilege of doing so. At first the brewery was located in two houses in Růžová street, on the site now occupied by the Secondary Industrial School. In the 16th century a new brewery was built in the moat{{clarify|date=May 2012}} <!-- under water? --> behind the deanery. The third brewery, which today brews beer called "Poutník", was built at the end of the 19th century, in an area called Na Hradišti. This lager style beer is not pasteurized and contains no chemical additives. |
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In 1596, Emperor [[Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor|Rudolf II]] promoted Pelhřimov to a royal town. The repressions that followed the [[Bohemian Revolt]] interrupted the promising expansion of the town. The town was then severely damaged by a large fire in 1646, which destroyed most of the town's buildings. Another devastating fire ravaged the town in 1766. The burgher houses were uniformly reconstructed in the [[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance]]-[[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] style and so the fires helped the town to maintain its homogeneity.<ref name=history/> |
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[[File:Pelhrimov Nepomucky.JPG|thumb|The sculpture of St. John of Nepomuk]] |
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During the 19th century, the town has experienced cultural development as a result of the national revival. Patriotic associations, theatre and singing ensembles were founded. The salt house from 1707 was reconstructed as the National House and is today the Pelhřimov Theatre. In the second half of the 19th century, the industrialization occurred. It was represented especially by brush-making, hosiery and the production of agricultural implements.<ref name=history/> |
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Pelhřimov has been the birthplace of many notable personalities, such as the painter and engraver [[Vojtěch Benedikt Juhn]], the sculptor and medallist [[Josef Šejnost]], the historian Josef Dobiáš and Dean [[František Bernard Vaněk]]. The town also has had many enthusiasts working for the protection of historical monuments. The Museum association was set up in 1901 and ten years later a local branch of the Club for old Prague. Thanks to their activities Pelhřimov has preserved its exceptional appearance, despite the loss of some outstanding landmarks, such as the butcher's hall, the synagogue in Rúžová Street, or a Baroque granary. Pelhřimov preserved, however, some sections of the ramparts, including two huge Gothic gates, which together with the town houses of local burghers, the castle of the lords of Říčany, the theatre and the church form the town's historical precinct. |
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A [[Gothic Revival architecture|neo-Gothic]] synagogue was built in 1890 in Růžová street according to the design by the architect Max Fleischer. The synagogue was demolished in 1967.<ref>{{cite web |title=Synagoga|url=https://www.pamatkovykatalog.cz/synagoga-2301666|publisher=National Heritage Institute|language=cs|access-date=2024-11-28}}</ref> |
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===Legend of the founding of Pelhřimov=== |
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Several legends exist about the founding of Pelhřimov. The following legend is one of many, which people passed on from generation to generation. The only fact backed by written documents, is that in the years 1224–1225, the Bishop of Prague was Pelhřim (Peregrinus) of Wartenberg. |
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==Demographics== |
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According to one legend Bishop Peregrinus, on his way to Rome in 1225–1226, stopped by the spring Bělka and was so captivated by the countryside that he founded a town there, to which he gave his name – Pelhřimov. To keep alive his memory, local burghers put his silhouette on the town emblem. |
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{{historical populations |
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|align=none|cols=3 |
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Another version of the legend goes as follows: |
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|1869|8387 |
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:A very long time ago a settlement was established on a hillock in the neighborhood. The view into the countryside was excellent. People in the settlement knew about everyone that travelled on the nearby trade road. Unfortunately, the settlement was pestered by frequent unpleasant winds, and people had to travel long distances, to the plain, to fetch building material. Water was scarce too on the hillock. One day people from the settlement descended into the valley of the river Bělá and there, in the shade of a tree, they saw a man. "Who are you, pilgrim?“ they asked him. "I am Bishop Peregrinus on my way to Rome. And who are you; what are you doing here?“. The people told him about the construction of the settlement and of the difficulties they were encountering. The bishop retorted: "Why don't you build the settlement right here? There is water, wood and fertile soil.“ Many settlers then began building again in the new place, in the valley. Later, when they talked about the name for their new town, they remembered the pilgrim's wise advice and in his honor called the town Pelhřimov. |
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|1880|8689 |
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: |
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|1890|8738 |
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|1900|8894 |
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==Present== |
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|1910|9938 |
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[[File:Masarykovo nám.JPG|thumb|Masaryk square, the fountain of sv. Jakub]] |
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|1921|10079 |
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Employment levels in Pelhřimov have not altered much since the socialist era. |
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|1930|10259 |
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|1950|9198 |
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In recent years, the local economy has been focused on tourism — Festival of records{{clarify|date=May 2012}}<!-- in all of this paragraph, should the word 'record' be replaced by 'relic' or some similar word? --> and curiosities was founded, which was typical of Pelhřimov. Related to this is the Museum of Records and Curiosities, and also the "Waterfront Records and curiosities", a modified waterfront trail, along the river Bělá, with information panels of various interesting records. The trail begins at the Museum of Records and Curiosities, and ends at the House of good days{{clarify|date=May 2012}}, containing the exposition of Czech Golden Hands — a unique features of the matches (e.g. small statues made of matches, musical instruments etc.). |
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|1961|9754 |
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|1970|11559 |
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In Pelhřimov there are many buildings in different architectural styles, therefore there is a 'Trail of Architectural Styles'. |
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|1980|14239 |
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Other exhibitions in Pelhřimov are: the lookout tower, the Museum of Bugaboos (see below), Gallery M, the Museum of Vysočina, the Memorial Hall of the Lipský Family, Church of st. Vitus, and others. |
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|1991|16480 |
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|2001|16590 |
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|2011|16232 |
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|2021|15577 |
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|source=Censuses<ref>{{cite web |title=Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011|url=https://csu.gov.cz/produkty/historicky-lexikon-obci-1869-az-2015|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|language=cs|date=2015-12-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Population Census 2021: Population by sex|url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-parametry&z=T&f=TABULKA&sp=A&skupId=4429&katalog=33515&pvo=SLD21001-OB-OK|work=Public Database|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2021-03-27}}</ref>}} |
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==Economy== |
==Economy== |
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Pelhřimov is a |
Pelhřimov is a regional industrial centre, represented especially by the food industry, engineering and consumer goods manufacture. |
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The largest local company is Agrostroj, which manufactures agricultural machinery. It was founded in 1896 and employs more than 1,500 people.<ref>{{cite web |title=Home|url=https://www.agrostroj.cz/en/home/|publisher=AGROSTROJ Pelhřimov, a.s.|access-date=2024-11-28}}</ref><ref name=br>{{cite web |title=Registr ekonomických subjektů|url=https://www.czso.cz/csu/res/registr_ekonomickych_subjektu|work=Business Register|publisher=Czech Statistical Office|language=cs|access-date=2024-11-28}}</ref> Other manufacturing companies based in the town are Spojené kartáčovny (SPOKAR), a major producer of brushes; [[Rimowa]], a manufacturer of luggages; a branch of [[Koh-i-Noor Hardtmuth]], a company that makes art supplies and office equipment; and FIA ProTeam, a manufacturer of painting tools.<ref name=br/> |
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Food processing — especially crops grown and produced in the district — is common. Škrobárny Pelhřimov processes potatoes (starch, animal feed and mash). Milk is processed at a branch of the South Bohemian Dairies, MADETA, on Nádražní Street. The Poutník brewery produces unpasteurized beer. |
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The food industry mainly processes crops produced in the region. Škrobárny Pelhřimov is a potato [[starch]] factory that was founded in 1871.<ref>{{cite web |title=History|url=https://www.skrobarny.com/en/menu/about-us/history/|publisher=Škrobárny Pelhřimov, a.s.|access-date=2021-10-21}}</ref> A local branch of the dairy company Madeta has been producing boxed milk in Pelhřimov since 1942.<ref>{{cite web |title=About company|url=https://www.madeta.cz/en/about-us?open=1&sec=65|publisher=Madeta a.s.|access-date=2021-10-21}}</ref> Adélka, a bakery founded in 1990, is producing baked goods and flour and employs almost 300 people.<ref>{{cite web |title=Příběh o Adélce|url=https://www.adelka.cz/cz/o-nas/pribeh-o-adelce|publisher=Adélka a.s.|language=cs|access-date=2024-11-28}}</ref> ZZN Pelhřimov, a part of the [[Agrofert]] conglomerate, produces fodder for farm animals and employs more than 250 people.<ref name=br/><ref>{{cite web |title=ZZN Pelhřimov a. s.|url=https://www.zznpe.cz/|publisher=ZZN Pelhřimov a. s.|language=cs|access-date=2024-11-28}}</ref> The [[Poutník Brewery]] has been brewing beer in the town since 1552. |
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The most important engineering firm is Agrostroj (a large firm in the south of the town), which manufactures farm machinery. |
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The United kartáčovny SPOKAR produces a wide range of products from brushes to toothbrushes. |
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===Services=== |
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The town has numerous restaurants and accommodation facilities. The largest hotel is the Rekrea (since 2008 out of order and for the sale) in Slovanského bratrství Street. Another major hotel, the Slavia, is in Masaryk Square. There are also a few guest houses. |
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==Transport== |
==Transport== |
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Pelhřimov lies at the intersection of two primary roads: the I/19, which connects Pelhřimov with [[Plzeň]], and the I/34 from [[České Budějovice]] to [[Svitavy]]. |
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;Road transport |
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Pelhřimov lies at the intersection of two primary roads: I/19 Plzeň - Březnice - Tábor - Pelhřimov and I/34 České Budějovice - Jindřichův Hradec - Pelhřimov - Humpolec - Havlíčkův Brod - Svitavy. The D1 runs 15 km north of the town to the Humpolec exit 90. |
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Pelhřimov is located on the [[Jihlava]]–[[Tábor]] railway line. There are two railway stations: ''Pelhřimov'' and ''Vlásenice''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Detail stanice Pelhřimov|url=https://www.cd.cz/stanice/pelhrimov/5474252|publisher=[[České dráhy]]|language=cs|access-date=2024-05-18}}</ref> |
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;Buses |
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[[File:Pelhrimov BUS.JPG|thumb|right|The bus station]] |
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Pelhřimov had extensive bus services from before 1989. In 2008 a new building was built. |
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An important route is Brno - Jihlava - Tábor - Strakonice. Another is the connection to the eastern metropolis of South Bohemia - České Budějovice - Jindřichův Hradec.{{clarify|date=May 2012}} |
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==Culture== |
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;Rail transport |
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[[File:Neoklacisistní městské divadlo z roku 1896.JPG|thumb|Municipal Theatre]] |
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Pelhřimov railway station is located 1.5 km south of the railway station square, in an industrial part of the town. |
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During the [[Czech National Revival|National Revival]], various patriotic associations were formed in Pelhřimov and managed to maintain their continuity to this day. Záboj, a local choir company, was founded in 1862. In 1865, a local branch of [[Sokol movement|Sokol]] gymnastic organization was established. The library was founded in 1846 and the Rieger amateur theatre group was formed in 1894.<ref name=history/> |
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The Vesmír Cinema was built in 1962.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kašpárek|first=Jiří|title=Pelhřimovské kino slaví šedesát let. Koukněte, jak vypadalo v minulosti|url=https://pelhrimovsky.denik.cz/zpravy_region/pelhrimovske-kino-slavi-sedesat-let-kouknete-jak-vypadalo-v-minulosti-20221104.html|work=Deník.cz|language=cs|date=2022-11-04|access-date=2024-09-27}}</ref> |
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;Urban bus services |
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Urban bus services are provided by ICOM transport Jihlava (Division Pelhřimov). There are 4 lines. Lines 1 and 3 provide the main transmission lines, lines 2 and 4 are feeders. |
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Since 1991, the town hosts an annual International Festival of Records and Curiosities.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jubilejní 30. ročník festivalu Pelhřimov – město rekordů se přesouvá na rok 2021|url=https://www.mestopelhrimov.cz/jubilejni-30-rocnik-festivalu-pelhrimov-mesto-rekordu-se-presouva-na-rok-2021/d-32062|publisher=Město Pelhřimov|language=cs|date=2020-04-30|access-date=2021-10-21}}</ref> The Dobrý den Agency, which organizes the festival, also maintains the Czech Database of Records and publishes ''Czech Book of Records'', a national equivalent of ''[[Guinness World Records]]''. The agency operates the Museum of Records and Curiosities Pelhřimov and the Golden Czech Hands exposition.<ref>{{cite web |title=Agency Dobrý den|url=https://www.dobryden.cz/en/|publisher=Dobrý den Agency|access-date=2021-10-21}}</ref> |
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==Culture== |
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There is a theatre in the neoclassical building located on Solní Street. The only cinema in town, the Vesmír, is on the Třída Legií Street. In 2008 it was renovated to include digitized 3D technology. Vesmír is currently the most modern cinema in the Highlands. Several halls of the house of Máj can be used for cultural activities. |
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==Sport== |
==Sport== |
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The local football club FK Maraton Pelhřimov plays in the fifth-tier football league. Ice hockey club, HC Lední Medvědi Pelhřimov, plays in the fourth-tier ice hockey league. Floorball club Spartak Pelhřimov plays in the third-tier floorball league. |
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Near the bus station there is a large sports complex with an ice stadium, athletic track, football pitch, tennis courts and swimming pools (including indoor). |
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The sports complex in Nádražní street includes a football stadium with an athletic track, an ice hockey stadium, indoor sports halls and swimming pools. Both indoor and outdoor tennis courts are located in the town park Městské sady. Indoor and outdoor beach volleyball facilities are located in Táborská street.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sportoviště Města Pelhřimov|url=https://www.mestopelhrimov.cz/sportoviste-mesta-pelhrimov/os-1313|publisher=Město Pelhřimov|language=cs|access-date=2024-11-28}}</ref> |
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==Education== |
==Education== |
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There are five primary schools in the town. The secondary schools are: a [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]] with a business academy, a vocational school and secondary school of the hotel management, and a secondary technical school with a secondary vocational school.<ref>{{cite web |title=Přehled škol a školských zařízení: Žatec|url=https://rejstriky.msmt.cz/rejskol/|work=Rejstřík škol a školských zařízení|publisher=[[Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic)|Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic]]|language=cs|access-date=2024-11-28}}</ref> |
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There are four primary schools (Komenského, Krásovy domky, Pražská and Osvobození), a special school, a grammar school (founded in 1871), a business academy, an hotel school, vocational secondary schools with a boarding houses, and other secondary schools. |
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==Demography== |
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===Population development=== |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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|- |
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! Year |
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! 1869 |
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! 1900 |
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! 1930 |
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! 1950 |
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! 1970 |
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! 1980 |
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! 1991 |
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! 2001 |
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|- |
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! According to today's town |
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| 8,387 |
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| 8,894 |
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| 10,259 |
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| 9,198 |
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| 11,559 |
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| 14,239 |
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| 16,480 |
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| 16,590 |
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|- |
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! The town limits at that time |
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| 3,909 |
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| 4,727 |
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| 6,511 |
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| 6,475 |
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| 9,360 |
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| 17,624<ref>Town's area was 182 km2</ref> |
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| 16,480<ref>After separation of some municipalities in 1990.</ref> |
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| 16,590 |
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|- |
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! Pelhřimov without other villages |
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| 3,909 |
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| 4,727 |
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| 6,511 |
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| 6,475 |
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| 9,360<ref>Up to 1972, the village itself — only the Pelhřimov area of the town.</ref> |
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| 12,249<ref>Period of construction of housing estates.</ref> |
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| 14,772 |
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| 14,860 |
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|} |
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===Census 2011=== |
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* '''Population''': 16,232 |
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* '''Religion''': faithful : 21.1% |
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* '''Economic activity:''' economically active: 8,179, of which: |
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** Unemployed: 2.8% |
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==Sights== |
==Sights== |
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[[File:Rynárecká brána - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Rynárec Gate]] |
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;Chateau of the Lords of Říčany |
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The historic town centre is formed by Masaryk Square with adjacent streets. It was surrounded by stone walls. Parts of the walls survided to this day. |
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[[File:Muzeum Vysočiny.jpg|thumb|right|Chateau of the Lords of Říčany]] |
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===Masaryk Square=== |
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Not much is known about the early history of the chateau. Originally, it may have been a Gothic construction of a tower-like character probably from the 15th century. Some remnants have been preserved in the so-called Gothic Hall on the ground floor of the chateau, showing that was part of the municipal fortification system. New parts were added in 1550–1551, when Pelhřimov was owned by Adam Říčanský of Ricany. After the great fire of 1561, this part of the chateau was incorporated into the extensive Renaissance structure, having two storeys. |
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[[File:Pelhřimov, Masarykovo náměstí (západní strana).jpg|thumb|Masaryk Square]] |
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The town square is lined by well-preserved valuable [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] and [[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance]] houses with arcades and decorated gables, and contains also [[Art Nouveau]] buildings. The Šrejnar's House was built in the Renaissance style in 1614. It houses a tourist information centre and the Memorial Hall of the Lipský Family. The Fára's House with Baroque [[façade]] and a [[mansard roof]] was rebuilt under a project by the architect [[Pavel Janák]] in the [[Cubism|Cubist]] style in 1913–1914.<ref name=sights>{{cite web |title=Sights and Monuments|url=https://www.pelhrimovsko.cz/en/about-pelhrimov/sights-and-monuments/sights-and-monuments.htm|publisher=Město Pelhřimov|access-date=2024-11-28}}</ref> |
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The Burgrave's House No. 17 was reconstructed after the fire in 1561. It features Renaissance, [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] and [[Empire style|Empire]] elements. The façade is decorated with [[Sgraffito|sgraffiti]]. Today, there is an art gallery and a museum of [[Bogeyman|bugaboos]] in its premises.<ref name=sights/><ref>{{cite web |title=Muzeum strašidel Pelhřimov|url=https://www.kudyznudy.cz/aktivity/muzeum-strasidel-pelhrimov|publisher=CzechTourism|language=cs|access-date=2024-11-28}}</ref> |
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After the fire of 1682, significant modifications were made in the Baroque style. The changes also involved the Salt Gate, and a new staircase and jail were added. In 1707 a salt-house was built, which is now the Municipal Theatre, in the immediate vicinity of the chateau. The great fire of 1766 destroyed the chateau, too. After the reconstruction which was begun the next year, the chateau gained the appearance, which has survived to this day in its original form (with the exception of some minor decorative alterations). Between the years 1849 and 1907 it was the seat of the District Court, since 1908 it has housed exhibitions of the District Museum. |
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In the middle of the square is a fountain with the statue of St. [[James the Great]]. The fountain was first mentioned in 1546 and the present-day appearance is from 1828.<ref name=sights/> |
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;Church of St. Bartholomew |
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===Town fortification=== |
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This Gothic building was founded in the late 13th or the beginning of the 14th century. Since 1589 the church exterior shell has been defaced with graffiti. The main Baroque altar and depiction of Calvary, designed by František Bílek, is inside the church. |
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[[File:Městské opevnění Pelhřimov 07.JPG|thumb|Remnants of the town fortification]] |
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The Renaissance castle from 1550 replaced an old manor house. Its oldest part is a [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] bastion, incorporated into the castle after the fire in 1561. One of the three preserved town gates is also part of the castle. Significant reconstructions were made after the castle was damaged by fires in 1682 and 1766. Since then, the castle has undergone only minor decorative alterations.<ref>{{cite web |title=Castle of the lords of Říčany|url=https://www.pelhrimovsko.cz/en/about-pelhrimov/sights-and-monuments/castle-of-the-lords-of-ricany.htm|publisher=Město Pelhřimov|access-date=2021-10-21}}</ref> Since 1908, it houses the Vysočina Museum Pelhřimov. Its exhibitions focuses on regional history and ethnography, town jail and torture instruments, and work of local artists Josef Šejnosta (sculptor and medalist) and his son Zdeněk Šejnosta (sculptor and restorer).<ref>{{cite web |title=Historie muzea|url=https://www.muzeumpe.cz/historie-muzea/|publisher=Vysočina Museum Pelhřimov|language=cs|access-date=2024-11-28}}</ref> |
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The Lower (Jihlava) Gatehouse and the Upper (Rynárec) Gatehouse were built in the 16th century as parts of the fortification system. The Lower Gatehouse is a {{convert|36|m|ft}}-high five-storeyed construction that today houses the Museum of Records and Curiosities.<ref name=sights/> |
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;St. Vitus Church |
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===Ecclesiastical buildings=== |
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It is the oldest church in Pelhřimov and the former parish church. It was originally built in the Gothic style, which is still evident in the presbytery. During the Hussite wars, in 1422, Pelhřimov fell into the hands of the [[Taborite]]s, and [[Utraquist]] masses were served here. The vaulting and walls of the church interior show scenes from the life and martyr's death of St. Vitus, as well as allegories of Faith, Hope and Charity. Nowadays the church is used as an exhibition and concert hall. |
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[[File:Goticko renesanční kostel sv. Bartoloměje.JPG|thumb|Church of Saint Bartholomew]] |
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The Church of Saint Bartholomew is one of the main landmarks of the town. It was built in Gothic style in the late 13th or the early 14th century. Since 1589, the church exterior shell has been adorned with sgraffiti. The interior of the church is mostly Baroque. On the main altar there are statues of saints [[Bartholomew the Apostle|Bartholomew]], [[Adalbert of Prague|Adalbert]], [[Procopius of Sázava|Procopius]], [[Saint Vitus|Vitus]] and [[Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia|Wenceslaus]]. The [[Stations of the Cross|Way of the Cross]] paintings in the church were designed by [[František Bílek]] and painted by [[Viktor Foerster]].<ref name=sights/> A tower with a viewing gallery at a height of {{convert|30|m|ft}} was added to the church in 1576. Today it is open to the public as a lookout tower.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vyhlídková věž kostela sv. Bartoloměje v Pelhřimově|url=https://www.kudyznudy.cz/aktivity/vyhlidkova-vez-kostela-sv-bartolomeje-v-pelhrimov|publisher=CzechTourism|language=cs|access-date=2024-11-28}}</ref> |
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The Church of Saint Vitus is documented in 1325 and is the oldest sacral building in Pelhřimov. The former parish church was originally built in the Gothic style, which is still evident in the presbytery. After many reconstructions, it contains Gothic, Renaissance and mainly Baroque elements. Nowadays the church is used as an exhibition and concert hall.<ref name=sights/> |
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;Church of the Holy Cross (Calvary) |
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The Chapel of the Holy Cross was originally built in 1671 as a small replica of the [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre]] in [[Jerusalem]]. It was extended to a church in 1750 and a tower was added. In 1865, the town council decided to demolish the structure and build a new church. The new chapel was built in the neo-Gothic style in 1883–1886.<ref name=sights/> |
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The pilgrimage Chapel of Our Lady of Sorrows was built in the Baroque style in 1710–1714, after several seemingly miraculous healings happenned here. The crypt of the chapel used to be a burial place for members of burgher families. The town cemetery was transferred here from the Church of St. Vitus in 1787 and until 1906, it served as a cemetery chapel.<ref name=sights/> |
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;Chapel of the Virgin Dolores |
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In 1658 the burgrave (mayor) of Pelhřimov, Jan Eusebius, had a devotional pillar erected on this site. After Pelhřimov had experienced cases of alleged miraculous healing, accredited to the picture of Virgin Dolores placed on the pillar, a chapel was built on the site by burgher Tobiáš Grötzel in 1710–1714. The pilgrimage site was closed in the reign of Josephine. The crypt of the chapel used to be a burial place for members of burgher families. The town cemetery was transferred here from the Church of St Vitus in 1787 and was used up to 1906. |
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;Lower (Jihlava) Gatehouse |
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[[File:Pelhřimov (Pilgrams) - Jihlavská brána.jpg|thumb|upright|Jihlava gate]] |
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The Gatehouse was built in the 16th century as a part of the fortification system. It is a 5-storeyed construction, 36 metres high. In the gatehouse houses the Museum of Records and Curiosities, which was opened on June 30, 1994, as a unique institution of this kind in Central Europe and is run by the "Dobrý den" Agency. |
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;Upper (Rynárec) Gatehouse |
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Just like the Lower Gatehouse, the Upper Gatehouse was built in the 16th century. They marked the way to Rynárec. The clock was installed at the end of the 17th century. |
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;Fountain with the statue of St. James |
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The fountain in the square was first mentioned in 1546. The present-day appearance of the fountain dates back to the year 1848. On top of the column stands a statue of St. James, in a pilgrim's garment, decorated with shells and with a hat. |
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;Municipal Theatre |
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The original building from 1707 was a salt-house. In 1766 it burned down during a great fire and the salt-house was moved to the granary. In 1882 foundations were laid for the town theatre (The National House). |
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;House of the Šrejnar Family |
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The north-western corner of the square is dominated by house No 10, named after the rich merchant Krystof Srejnar. The house was built in 1614 in the Renaissance style. Currently, it houses a tourist information center and the Memorial Hall of the Lipský Family. |
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;Fara House |
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This house has Baroque [[façade]] and a [[mansard roof]]. In 1913–1914 it was rebuilt under a project by the well-known Prague architect [[Pavel Janák]] in the Cubist style. |
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;Drechsel's Villa |
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It was built in the Cubist style in 1912–1913 by the local builder Karel Postránecký, under the supervision of architect [[Pavel Janák]] for his counsellor and district hetman{{clarify|date=May 2012}}<!-- leader? headman? local councillor?--> Jan Drechsel. |
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;Ruins of St. Anna |
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This chapel was founded in 1699 and originally was dedicated to the Transfiguration of Our Lord. Under the communist regime it was demolished; now there are only the perimeter walls. |
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;Lookout tower |
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From the 30-metre-high tower there is a great view on Pelhřimov and the surrounding landscape. |
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There is a belfry, with historic photographs of Pelhřimov, in the top part of the tower. The bells together weigh over 4 tonnes. |
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;Museum of Bugaboos |
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[[File:Muzeum strašidel.JPG|thumb|Museum of Bugaboos]] |
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A unique display of [[Bogeyman|bugaboos]] occurring in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands in the past as well as at present. The exhibits are mostly made of wax and are life-size. The Museum is in the cellars of the former Burgrave's House, No. 17, Masaryk Square. |
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[[File:Pelhrimov nabrezi.JPG|thumb|Pelhřimov is known as the town of records]] |
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;Museum of Records |
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The Museum of Records is one of the few institutions of its kind on the Continent, and the only one in Central Europe. It is housed in an historical gatehouse, which in the past served as part of the fortifications of the town, and was called Jihlavská brána (The Lower Gatehouse or Jihlava Gatehouse). |
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Thanks to collectors and makers of all possible and impossible things, an unrivalled collection, unseen anywhere else in the world, has been collected in the five newly reconstructed storeys of the exhibition. There are mini-sized as well as giant objects, strong men and tumblers, makers of endless puzzles, and dare-devils jumping from 80 metres.<ref>[http://www.dobryden.cz Run by: Agentura „Dobrý Den“, Nábřeží rekordů a kuriozit 811, 393 01 Pelhrimov, Czech Republic.]</ref> |
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;Golden Czech hands |
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The exhibition located in “The House of Good Days” is unique in the world. Tomáš Korda from Vrchlabí has spent 40 years of his life making these objects. During an unbelievable 63,310 hours of work, he has made dozens of buildings using an incredible 820,215 matches and match-heads.{{citation needed|date=May 2012}} |
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;Muzeum of Vysočina |
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Highlands Museum Pelhřimov focuses primarily on issues of regional history and ethnography. |
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The first section of the exhibition is devoted to two important personalities Josef Šejnosta (art, sculptor and medal{{clarify|date=May 2012}}) and his son Zdeněk Šejnosta (sculptor and restorer). |
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The second section focusses on middle class life in the 19th century, the culture, clothing, housing and social life. |
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The third section is devoted to the town hall and town jail. |
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;Memorial Hall of the Lipský Family |
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The Commemoration Hall of the Lipský Family was set up in the ground-floor premises of house No. 10 in Masarykovo Square, the so-called Šrejnarovský dům – House of the Šrejnar Family. Of the Lipský family, most people{{who?|date=August 2020}} especially remember Oldřich Lipský, the director, and his brother Lubomír, the actor. Much work for theatre and television has also been done by other members of this dynasty of artists. |
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The exhibition is divided into three parts. The first one gives information about the Lipský brothers' lives and work. The second part of the exhibition is devoted to movie-making; there is a cinema where you can see a sample of the Lipský brothers' best-known movie scenes. The third part is named after the film “Velká filmová loupež (The Great Film Robbery)“ made by Oldřich Lipský. |
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This project has been realised with financial help from the Vysočina Fund. |
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==Notable people== |
==Notable people== |
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{{div col|colwidth=30em}} |
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*[[Mikuláš of Pelhřimov]] ({{circa|1385}} – {{circa|1459}}), Hussite priest and theologian |
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*[[Vojtěch Benedikt Juhn]] (1779–1843), painter |
*[[Vojtěch Benedikt Juhn]] (1779–1843), painter |
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*[[Václav Fresl]] (1868–1915), politician |
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*[[Josef Dobiáš]] (1888–1970), historian and classical philologist, member of the Academy of Sciences |
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*[[Otomar Krejča]] (1921–2003), theatre director and dissident |
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*[[Lubomír Lipský]] (1923–2015), actor |
*[[Lubomír Lipský]] (1923–2015), actor |
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*[[Oldřich Lipský]] (1924–1986), film director and screenwriter |
*[[Oldřich Lipský]] (1924–1986), film director and screenwriter |
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*[[Joseph Veverka]] (born 1941), American astronomer |
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*[[František Vyskočil]] (born 1941), neurophysiologist |
*[[František Vyskočil]] (born 1941), neurophysiologist |
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*[[Jan Kůrka]] (born 1943), sports shooter, Olympic winner |
*[[Jan Kůrka]] (born 1943), sports shooter, Olympic winner |
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*[[Jiří Novotný (ice hockey)|Jiří Novotný]] (born 1983), ice hockey player |
*[[Jiří Novotný (ice hockey)|Jiří Novotný]] (born 1983), ice hockey player |
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*[[Tomáš Sivok]] (born 1983), |
*[[Tomáš Sivok]] (born 1983), footballer |
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*[[Milan Kopic]] (born 1985), footballer |
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*[[Martin Frk]] (born 1993), ice hockey player |
*[[Martin Frk]] (born 1993), ice hockey player |
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*[[Libor Šulák]] (born 1994) |
*[[Libor Šulák]] (born 1994), ice hockey player |
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*[[Kristýna Napoleaová]] (born 1996), golfer |
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{{div col end}} |
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==Twin towns – sister cities== |
==Twin towns – sister cities== |
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{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in the Czech Republic}} |
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in the Czech Republic}} |
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Pelhřimov is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Partnerská města|url= |
Pelhřimov is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Partnerská města|url=https://www.mestopelhrimov.cz/partnerka-mesta/ds-1709|publisher=Město Pelhřimov|language=cs|access-date=2024-11-28}}</ref> |
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*{{flagicon|SVK}} [[Dolný Kubín]], Slovakia |
*{{flagicon|SVK}} [[Dolný Kubín]], Slovakia |
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*{{flagicon|UKR}} [[Mukachevo]], Ukraine |
*{{flagicon|UKR}} [[Mukachevo]], Ukraine |
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*{{flagicon|AUT}} [[St. Valentin]], Austria |
*{{flagicon|AUT}} [[St. Valentin]], Austria |
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*{{flagicon|NLD}} [[Waddinxveen]], The Netherlands <ref>This article, but in Dutch</ref> |
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==Gallery== |
==Gallery== |
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<gallery> |
<gallery> |
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Pelhřimov, náměstí, 2009 (02).jpg|Fountain with the statue of St. James the Great |
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Pelhřimov Masarykovo náměstí 13-15.JPG|Burgher houses |
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File:Pelhřimov (Pilgrams) - Rynárecká brána.jpg|Rynárec gate |
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Pelhřimov, Masarykovo náměstí 17 (2).jpg|Burgrave's House No. 17 |
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File:Jihlavská_brána.jpg|Jihlava gate |
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Pelhřimov - panoramio - Tomas Lollky (1).jpg|Jihlava Gate |
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File:Kostel_sv._Víta.jpg|The church of sv. Vitus |
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Pelhřimov, barokní kostel.jpg|Church of Saint Vitus |
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File:Pelhrimov kasna.JPG|Masaryk square with fountain |
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Kostel svatého Kříže, Pelhřimov.jpg|Chapel of the Holy Cross |
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Pelhřimov, Děkanská zahrada s domkem F. B. Vaňka.jpg| House of F. B. Vaněk in the Deacon's garden |
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Pelhřimov Synagogue 1.jpg|Synagogue, demolished in 1967 |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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==Literature== |
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* ČERNÝ, Jiří. ''The image of the architecture of the 19th and 20th century Pelhrimov''. Pelhřimov. 1996. |
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* DOBIÁŠ, Josef. ''History Pelhřimov the royal city and its surroundings''. Cargo Musejního league in Pelhřimov. 1927. |
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* WIRTH, Zdeněk; POLESNÝ, Karel. ''Pelhřimov''. Pelhřimov. 1911 |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{commons category|Pelhřimov}} |
{{commons category|Pelhřimov}} |
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* |
*{{official|https://www.mestopelhrimov.cz/}} |
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*[https://www.pelhrimovsko.cz/en/ Official |
*[https://www.pelhrimovsko.cz/en/ Official tourist portal] |
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{{Pelhřimov District}} |
{{Pelhřimov District}} |
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{{authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Pelhrimov}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pelhrimov}} |
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[[Category:Cities and towns in the Czech Republic]] |
[[Category:Cities and towns in the Czech Republic]] |
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[[Category:Populated places in Pelhřimov District]] |
[[Category:Populated places in Pelhřimov District]] |
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{{Authority control}} |
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Latest revision as of 13:47, 28 November 2024
Pelhřimov | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Masaryk Square | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Pelhřimov Location in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 49°25′53″N 15°13′24″E / 49.43139°N 15.22333°E | |
| Country |  Czech Republic |
| Region | Vysočina |
| District | Pelhřimov |
| First mentioned | 1289 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Ladislav Med (ODS) |
| Area | |
• Total | 95.28 km2 (36.79 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 494 m (1,621 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01)[1] | |
• Total | 16,420 |
| • Density | 170/km2 (450/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 393 01 |
| Website | www |
Pelhřimov (German: Pilgrams) is a town in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 16,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument reservation.
Administrative parts
[edit]The following 26 villages are administrative parts of Pelhřimov:
- Benátky
- Bitětice
- Čakovice
- Chvojnov
- Hodějovice
- Houserovka
- Janovice
- Jelcovy Lhotky
- Kocourovy Lhotky
- Lešov
- Lipice
- Myslotín
- Nemojov
- Ostrovec
- Pejškov
- Pobistrýce
- Radětín
- Radňov
- Rybníček
- Skrýšov
- Služátky
- Starý Pelhřimov
- Strměchy
- Útěchovičky
- Vlásenice
- Vlásenice-Drbohlavy
Benátky, Houserovka, Janovice and Ostrovec, Lešov, Nemojov and Radňov, and Vlásenice-Drbohlavy form three exclaves of the municipal territory.
Etymology
[edit]The name Pelhřimov is derived from the personal name Pelhřim (in Latin Peregrinus), meaning "Pelhřim's (court)". In Latin, the word peregrinus literally means 'stranger'.[2] According to legend, Pelhřimov was founded by Bishop Pelhřim (Peregrinus) of Wartenberg around 1225.[3]
Geography
[edit].jpg)
Pelhřimov's municipal territory of about 95 km2 (37 sq mi) is one of the largest for a town in the Czech Republic. The town is located about 37 kilometres (23 mi) west of Jihlava, approximately halfway between Prague and Brno.
Pelhřimov lies in the Křemešník Highlands. The highest point of the municipal territory is a contour line in the southeastern part, at 700 m (2,300 ft) above sea level. The municipal territory is located in the valley of the small river Bělá, which flows through the built-up area. Typical for the territory is a large number of small fishponds.
History
[edit]
The earliest settlement was probably founded in first half of the 13th century near the Church of Saint Vitus. The first written mention of Pelhřimov is from 1289, when it was raided by Vítek of Hluboká. In 1290, King Wenceslaus II granted Bishop Tobiáš of Bechyně a concession to renovate the town and fortify it. The town was first settled mainly by German colonists. Gradually Czechs established themselves as the majority.[4]
In the Hussite Wars, Pelhřimov sided with the Hussites. The favourable position of the town, on the borderline of the domain of the Rosenberg family and of the Lords of Kunštát, was important after the upheavals ended and the reconciliation of the lords began. In 1446–1450, Pelhřimov was chosen as the venue of land diets (parliaments or deliberative councils), which were attended by King George of Poděbrady. Silver mining in the vicinity of Křemešník helped the expansion of Pelhřimov. The crafts flourished in the town. In 1434 the town was acquired by the Lords Trčka of Lípa. They sold the estate in 1550 to Adam Říčanský of Říčany, who had built a castle adjacent to the town walls. The Lords of Říčany resided in the castle until 1572, when the town bought its freedom.[4]
In 1596, Emperor Rudolf II promoted Pelhřimov to a royal town. The repressions that followed the Bohemian Revolt interrupted the promising expansion of the town. The town was then severely damaged by a large fire in 1646, which destroyed most of the town's buildings. Another devastating fire ravaged the town in 1766. The burgher houses were uniformly reconstructed in the Renaissance-Baroque style and so the fires helped the town to maintain its homogeneity.[4]
During the 19th century, the town has experienced cultural development as a result of the national revival. Patriotic associations, theatre and singing ensembles were founded. The salt house from 1707 was reconstructed as the National House and is today the Pelhřimov Theatre. In the second half of the 19th century, the industrialization occurred. It was represented especially by brush-making, hosiery and the production of agricultural implements.[4]
A neo-Gothic synagogue was built in 1890 in Růžová street according to the design by the architect Max Fleischer. The synagogue was demolished in 1967.[5]
Demographics
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Economy
[edit]Pelhřimov is a regional industrial centre, represented especially by the food industry, engineering and consumer goods manufacture.
The largest local company is Agrostroj, which manufactures agricultural machinery. It was founded in 1896 and employs more than 1,500 people.[8][9] Other manufacturing companies based in the town are Spojené kartáčovny (SPOKAR), a major producer of brushes; Rimowa, a manufacturer of luggages; a branch of Koh-i-Noor Hardtmuth, a company that makes art supplies and office equipment; and FIA ProTeam, a manufacturer of painting tools.[9]
The food industry mainly processes crops produced in the region. Škrobárny Pelhřimov is a potato starch factory that was founded in 1871.[10] A local branch of the dairy company Madeta has been producing boxed milk in Pelhřimov since 1942.[11] Adélka, a bakery founded in 1990, is producing baked goods and flour and employs almost 300 people.[12] ZZN Pelhřimov, a part of the Agrofert conglomerate, produces fodder for farm animals and employs more than 250 people.[9][13] The Poutník Brewery has been brewing beer in the town since 1552.
Transport
[edit]Pelhřimov lies at the intersection of two primary roads: the I/19, which connects Pelhřimov with Plzeň, and the I/34 from České Budějovice to Svitavy.
Pelhřimov is located on the Jihlava–Tábor railway line. There are two railway stations: Pelhřimov and Vlásenice.[14]
Culture
[edit]
During the National Revival, various patriotic associations were formed in Pelhřimov and managed to maintain their continuity to this day. Záboj, a local choir company, was founded in 1862. In 1865, a local branch of Sokol gymnastic organization was established. The library was founded in 1846 and the Rieger amateur theatre group was formed in 1894.[4]
The Vesmír Cinema was built in 1962.[15]
Since 1991, the town hosts an annual International Festival of Records and Curiosities.[16] The Dobrý den Agency, which organizes the festival, also maintains the Czech Database of Records and publishes Czech Book of Records, a national equivalent of Guinness World Records. The agency operates the Museum of Records and Curiosities Pelhřimov and the Golden Czech Hands exposition.[17]
Sport
[edit]The local football club FK Maraton Pelhřimov plays in the fifth-tier football league. Ice hockey club, HC Lední Medvědi Pelhřimov, plays in the fourth-tier ice hockey league. Floorball club Spartak Pelhřimov plays in the third-tier floorball league.
The sports complex in Nádražní street includes a football stadium with an athletic track, an ice hockey stadium, indoor sports halls and swimming pools. Both indoor and outdoor tennis courts are located in the town park Městské sady. Indoor and outdoor beach volleyball facilities are located in Táborská street.[18]
Education
[edit]There are five primary schools in the town. The secondary schools are: a gymnasium with a business academy, a vocational school and secondary school of the hotel management, and a secondary technical school with a secondary vocational school.[19]
Sights
[edit]
The historic town centre is formed by Masaryk Square with adjacent streets. It was surrounded by stone walls. Parts of the walls survided to this day.
Masaryk Square
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The town square is lined by well-preserved valuable Baroque and Renaissance houses with arcades and decorated gables, and contains also Art Nouveau buildings. The Šrejnar's House was built in the Renaissance style in 1614. It houses a tourist information centre and the Memorial Hall of the Lipský Family. The Fára's House with Baroque façade and a mansard roof was rebuilt under a project by the architect Pavel Janák in the Cubist style in 1913–1914.[20]
The Burgrave's House No. 17 was reconstructed after the fire in 1561. It features Renaissance, Neoclassical and Empire elements. The façade is decorated with sgraffiti. Today, there is an art gallery and a museum of bugaboos in its premises.[20][21]
In the middle of the square is a fountain with the statue of St. James the Great. The fountain was first mentioned in 1546 and the present-day appearance is from 1828.[20]
Town fortification
[edit]
The Renaissance castle from 1550 replaced an old manor house. Its oldest part is a Gothic bastion, incorporated into the castle after the fire in 1561. One of the three preserved town gates is also part of the castle. Significant reconstructions were made after the castle was damaged by fires in 1682 and 1766. Since then, the castle has undergone only minor decorative alterations.[22] Since 1908, it houses the Vysočina Museum Pelhřimov. Its exhibitions focuses on regional history and ethnography, town jail and torture instruments, and work of local artists Josef Šejnosta (sculptor and medalist) and his son Zdeněk Šejnosta (sculptor and restorer).[23]
The Lower (Jihlava) Gatehouse and the Upper (Rynárec) Gatehouse were built in the 16th century as parts of the fortification system. The Lower Gatehouse is a 36 metres (118 ft)-high five-storeyed construction that today houses the Museum of Records and Curiosities.[20]
Ecclesiastical buildings
[edit]
The Church of Saint Bartholomew is one of the main landmarks of the town. It was built in Gothic style in the late 13th or the early 14th century. Since 1589, the church exterior shell has been adorned with sgraffiti. The interior of the church is mostly Baroque. On the main altar there are statues of saints Bartholomew, Adalbert, Procopius, Vitus and Wenceslaus. The Way of the Cross paintings in the church were designed by František Bílek and painted by Viktor Foerster.[20] A tower with a viewing gallery at a height of 30 metres (98 ft) was added to the church in 1576. Today it is open to the public as a lookout tower.[24]
The Church of Saint Vitus is documented in 1325 and is the oldest sacral building in Pelhřimov. The former parish church was originally built in the Gothic style, which is still evident in the presbytery. After many reconstructions, it contains Gothic, Renaissance and mainly Baroque elements. Nowadays the church is used as an exhibition and concert hall.[20]
The Chapel of the Holy Cross was originally built in 1671 as a small replica of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. It was extended to a church in 1750 and a tower was added. In 1865, the town council decided to demolish the structure and build a new church. The new chapel was built in the neo-Gothic style in 1883–1886.[20]
The pilgrimage Chapel of Our Lady of Sorrows was built in the Baroque style in 1710–1714, after several seemingly miraculous healings happenned here. The crypt of the chapel used to be a burial place for members of burgher families. The town cemetery was transferred here from the Church of St. Vitus in 1787 and until 1906, it served as a cemetery chapel.[20]
Notable people
[edit]- Mikuláš of Pelhřimov (c. 1385 – c. 1459), Hussite priest and theologian
- Vojtěch Benedikt Juhn (1779–1843), painter
- Václav Fresl (1868–1915), politician
- Otomar Krejča (1921–2003), theatre director and dissident
- Lubomír Lipský (1923–2015), actor
- Oldřich Lipský (1924–1986), film director and screenwriter
- Joseph Veverka (born 1941), American astronomer
- František Vyskočil (born 1941), neurophysiologist
- Jan Kůrka (born 1943), sports shooter, Olympic winner
- Jiří Novotný (born 1983), ice hockey player
- Tomáš Sivok (born 1983), footballer
- Milan Kopic (born 1985), footballer
- Martin Frk (born 1993), ice hockey player
- Libor Šulák (born 1994), ice hockey player
- Kristýna Napoleaová (born 1996), golfer
Twin towns – sister cities
[edit]Pelhřimov is twinned with:[25]
Dolný Kubín, Slovakia
Mukachevo, Ukraine
St. Valentin, Austria
Gallery
[edit]-
Fountain with the statue of St. James the Great -
Burgher houses -
Burgrave's House No. 17 -
Jihlava Gate -
Church of Saint Vitus -
Chapel of the Holy Cross -
House of F. B. Vaněk in the Deacon's garden -
Synagogue, demolished in 1967
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References
[edit]- ^ "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024". Czech Statistical Office. 2024-05-17.
- ^ Profous, Antonín (1951). Místní jména v Čechách III: M–Ř (in Czech). p. 338.
- ^ "Historie města" (in Czech). Město Pelhřimov. Retrieved 2023-12-04.
- ^ a b c d e "History". Město Pelhřimov. Retrieved 2024-11-28.
- ^ "Synagoga" (in Czech). National Heritage Institute. Retrieved 2024-11-28.
- ^ "Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011" (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. 2015-12-21.
- ^ "Population Census 2021: Population by sex". Public Database. Czech Statistical Office. 2021-03-27.
- ^ "Home". AGROSTROJ Pelhřimov, a.s. Retrieved 2024-11-28.
- ^ a b c "Registr ekonomických subjektů". Business Register (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. Retrieved 2024-11-28.
- ^ "History". Škrobárny Pelhřimov, a.s. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
- ^ "About company". Madeta a.s. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
- ^ "Příběh o Adélce" (in Czech). Adélka a.s. Retrieved 2024-11-28.
- ^ "ZZN Pelhřimov a. s." (in Czech). ZZN Pelhřimov a. s. Retrieved 2024-11-28.
- ^ "Detail stanice Pelhřimov" (in Czech). České dráhy. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
- ^ Kašpárek, Jiří (2022-11-04). "Pelhřimovské kino slaví šedesát let. Koukněte, jak vypadalo v minulosti". Deník.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-09-27.
- ^ "Jubilejní 30. ročník festivalu Pelhřimov – město rekordů se přesouvá na rok 2021" (in Czech). Město Pelhřimov. 2020-04-30. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
- ^ "Agency Dobrý den". Dobrý den Agency. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
- ^ "Sportoviště Města Pelhřimov" (in Czech). Město Pelhřimov. Retrieved 2024-11-28.
- ^ "Přehled škol a školských zařízení: Žatec". Rejstřík škol a školských zařízení (in Czech). Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic. Retrieved 2024-11-28.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Sights and Monuments". Město Pelhřimov. Retrieved 2024-11-28.
- ^ "Muzeum strašidel Pelhřimov" (in Czech). CzechTourism. Retrieved 2024-11-28.
- ^ "Castle of the lords of Říčany". Město Pelhřimov. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
- ^ "Historie muzea" (in Czech). Vysočina Museum Pelhřimov. Retrieved 2024-11-28.
- ^ "Vyhlídková věž kostela sv. Bartoloměje v Pelhřimově" (in Czech). CzechTourism. Retrieved 2024-11-28.
- ^ "Partnerská města" (in Czech). Město Pelhřimov. Retrieved 2024-11-28.
External links
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