New Rome: Difference between revisions
m Reverted edits by 208.95.49.166 (talk) to last revision by Rpyle731 (HG) |
|||
| (96 intermediate revisions by 56 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{other uses}} |
{{other uses}} |
||
{{ |
{{verification|date=April 2023}} |
||
{{short description|Ancient nickname for the city of Byzantium, later known as Constantinople (modern Istanbul)}} |
|||
'''New Rome''' (''Nova Roma'') is traditionally reported to be the name given by [[Roman Emperor|emperor]] [[Constantine I|Constantine the Great]] to the new imperial capital he founded in 330 at the city on the European coast of the [[Bosporus]] strait, known as [[Byzantium]] until then and as ''Kōnstantinoúpolis'' ([[Constantinople]]) from that time to its official renaming as [[Istanbul]] in 1928. According to the ''Reallexikon für Antike und Christentum'', vol. 164 (Stuttgart: A. Hiersemann, 2005), there is no proof for the tradition that Constantine officially dubbed the city "New Rome" (''Nova Roma'' or ''Nea Rhome''). Commemorative coins that were issued during the 330s already refer to the city as ''Constantinopolis'' (see e.g. Michael Grant, ''The climax of Rome'' (London 1968), p. 133). It is possible that the emperor called the city "Second Rome" (''Deutera Rhome'') by official decree, as reported by the 5th-century church historian [[Socrates of Constantinople]]. The first appearance of the term 'New Rome' in connection to Constantinople in any kind of document was at the [[First Council of Constantinople]] (381), in the context of deciding that the relatively youthful church of Constantinople should have precedence over Alexandria and Antioch 'because it is the New Rome'. Even after this, the name was not used in official proclamations by the civil authority, as opposed to the Christian church. |
|||
{{Distinguish|Nova Roma}} |
|||
{{Infobox ancient site |
|||
| name = New Rome |
|||
| native_name = {{native name|el|Νέα Ῥώμη}}<br/>{{native name|la|Nova Roma}} |
|||
| alternate_name = Byzantion (earlier Greek name) |
|||
| map_type = Istanbul#Turkey Marmara#Turkey |
|||
| map_alt = A map of Byzantine Istanbul |
|||
| map_size = 275 |
|||
| coordinates = {{coord|41|0|50|N|28|57|20|E|type:city_region:TR|display=inline,title}} |
|||
| location = [[Fatih]], [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]] |
|||
| region = [[Marmara Region]] |
|||
| type = Imperial city |
|||
| part_of = [[Roman Empire]] |
|||
| length = |
|||
| width = |
|||
| area = {{convert|6|km2|abbr=on}} enclosed within Constantinian Walls |
|||
<!-- find good source for this claim and discuss in article's text --> |
|||
| height = |
|||
| builder = [[Constantine the Great]] |
|||
| material = |
|||
| built = 11 May 330 |
|||
| abandoned = |
|||
| epochs = [[Late antiquity]] |
|||
| cultures = {{unbulleted list| [[Greek culture|Greek]]|[[Culture of ancient Rome|Latin]]}} |
|||
|}} |
|||
'''New Rome''' ({{langx|grc|Νέα Ῥώμη}}, ''Néa Rhṓmē''; {{IPA|grc-x-koine|ˈne̞a ˈr̥o̞ːme̞ː|lang|link=yes}}; {{Langx|la|Nova Roma}}; {{IPA|la|ˈnɔwa ˈroma|label=[[Late Latin]]:}}) was the original name given by the [[Roman emperor]] [[Constantine the Great]] to his new imperial capital in 330 CE,<ref name="Britannica-Istanbul">{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Istanbul|title=Istanbul|website=britannica.com|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}</ref> which was built as an expansion of the city of [[Byzantium]] on the European coast of the [[Bosporus]] strait. |
|||
The city was founded as [[Byzantium|Byzantion]] ({{langx|grc|Βυζάντιον}}) by [[Megara|Megarian]] colonists in 657 BCE.<ref name="Britannica-Istanbul"/> It was renamed by Constantine the Great first as "New Rome" (''Nova Roma'') during the official dedication of the city as the new [[Roman Empire|Roman]] capital in 330 CE,<ref name="Britannica-Istanbul"/> which he soon afterwards changed to [[Constantinople]] (''Constantinopolis'').<ref name="Britannica-Istanbul"/><ref name="ODB">{{ODB|title=Constantinople|last=Mango|first=Cyril|authorlink=Cyril Mango|pages=508–512}}</ref> The city was officially renamed as [[Istanbul]] in the 20th century, after the establishment of the [[Turkey|Turkish Republic]] in 1923. |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
Constantine essentially rebuilt the city on a monumental scale from 326<ref name="Georgacas1947">{{Cite journal |author=Georgacas, Demetrius John |year=1947 |title=The Names of Constantinople |journal=Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association |volume=78 |pages=347–67 |doi=10.2307/283503 |publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press |jstor=283503 }}</ref> to 330, partly modeling it after [[Rome]]. Names of this period included {{lang|grc|ἡ Νέα, δευτέρα Ῥώμη}}, "the New, second Rome";<ref>The 5th-century church historian [[Socrates of Constantinople]] writes in his ''Historia Ecclesiastica'', 1:16 (c. 439) that the emperor named the city "Constantinople" while decreeing that it be designated a "second Rome" (‘Κωνσταντινούπολιν’ μετονομάσας, χρηματίζειν ‘δευτέραν Ῥώμην’ νόμῳ ἐκύρωσεν).</ref> {{lang|grc|Ἄλμα Ῥώμα}}, {{lang|la|"Alma Roma"}}; {{lang|grc|Βυζαντιάς Ῥώμη}}, "Byzantine Rome"; {{lang|grc|ἑῴα Ῥώμη}}, "Eastern Rome"; and ''Roma Constantinopolitana''.<ref name=Georgacas1947 />{{rp|354}} |
|||
The term "New Rome" was used to indicate that Byzantium, thereafter Constantinople, was the second/new capital of the [[Roman Empire]]. In modern times, "New Rome" remains part of the official title of the Orthodox [[Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarch]] of that city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ec-patr.org/athp/index.php?lang=en|title=Bartholomew, Archbishop of Constantinople, New Rome and Ecumenical Patriarch}}</ref> |
|||
{{christianity-stub}} |
|||
{{Byzantine-stub}} |
|||
During the [[Tetrarchy]] system established by [[Diocletian]] in the 3rd century, [[Nicomedia]] (modern [[İzmit]]) near Istanbul was the Eastern (and most senior) capital of the Roman Empire (Diocletian had his seat in Nicomedia as the [[Augustus (title)|Augustus]] of the East). The last Roman co-emperor in Nicomedia, [[Licinius]], was defeated by Constantine at the [[Battle of Chrysopolis]] (in the modern [[Üsküdar]] district on the Asian side of Istanbul) on 18 September 324. Constantine used Nicomedia as his interim capital city between 324 and 330, while rebuilding and expanding [[Byzantium]] as ''Nova Roma'' (which he soon renamed again as ''Constantinopolis'').<ref name="Britannica-Istanbul"/> Constantine died at a villa near Nicomedia on 22 May 337. |
|||
==See also== |
|||
*[[Second Rome (disambiguation)]] |
|||
*[[Third Rome]] |
|||
==References== |
|||
{{Reflist}} |
|||
[[Category:Ancient Byzantium| ]] |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
[[Category:History of Istanbul]] |
|||
Latest revision as of 16:26, 28 November 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2023) |
  Shown within Istanbul  New Rome (Marmara)  New Rome (Turkey) | |
| Alternative name | Byzantion (earlier Greek name) |
|---|---|
| Location | Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey |
| Region | Marmara Region |
| Coordinates | 41°0′50″N 28°57′20″E / 41.01389°N 28.95556°E |
| Type | Imperial city |
| Part of | Roman Empire |
| Area | 6 km2 (2.3 sq mi) enclosed within Constantinian Walls |
| History | |
| Builder | Constantine the Great |
| Founded | 11 May 330 |
| Periods | Late antiquity |
| Cultures | |
New Rome (Ancient Greek: Νέα Ῥώμη, Néa Rhṓmē; Koinē Greek: [ˈne̞a ˈr̥o̞ːme̞ː]; Latin: Nova Roma; Late Latin: [ˈnɔwa ˈroma]) was the original name given by the Roman emperor Constantine the Great to his new imperial capital in 330 CE,[1] which was built as an expansion of the city of Byzantium on the European coast of the Bosporus strait.
The city was founded as Byzantion (Ancient Greek: Βυζάντιον) by Megarian colonists in 657 BCE.[1] It was renamed by Constantine the Great first as "New Rome" (Nova Roma) during the official dedication of the city as the new Roman capital in 330 CE,[1] which he soon afterwards changed to Constantinople (Constantinopolis).[1][2] The city was officially renamed as Istanbul in the 20th century, after the establishment of the Turkish Republic in 1923.
Constantine essentially rebuilt the city on a monumental scale from 326[3] to 330, partly modeling it after Rome. Names of this period included ἡ Νέα, δευτέρα Ῥώμη, "the New, second Rome";[4] Ἄλμα Ῥώμα, "Alma Roma"; Βυζαντιάς Ῥώμη, "Byzantine Rome"; ἑῴα Ῥώμη, "Eastern Rome"; and Roma Constantinopolitana.[3]: 354
The term "New Rome" was used to indicate that Byzantium, thereafter Constantinople, was the second/new capital of the Roman Empire. In modern times, "New Rome" remains part of the official title of the Orthodox Ecumenical Patriarch of that city.[5]
During the Tetrarchy system established by Diocletian in the 3rd century, Nicomedia (modern İzmit) near Istanbul was the Eastern (and most senior) capital of the Roman Empire (Diocletian had his seat in Nicomedia as the Augustus of the East). The last Roman co-emperor in Nicomedia, Licinius, was defeated by Constantine at the Battle of Chrysopolis (in the modern Üsküdar district on the Asian side of Istanbul) on 18 September 324. Constantine used Nicomedia as his interim capital city between 324 and 330, while rebuilding and expanding Byzantium as Nova Roma (which he soon renamed again as Constantinopolis).[1] Constantine died at a villa near Nicomedia on 22 May 337.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e "Istanbul". britannica.com. Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ^ Mango, Cyril (1991). "Constantinople". In Kazhdan, Alexander (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 508–512. ISBN 0-19-504652-8.
- ^ a b Georgacas, Demetrius John (1947). "The Names of Constantinople". Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association. 78. The Johns Hopkins University Press: 347–67. doi:10.2307/283503. JSTOR 283503.
- ^ The 5th-century church historian Socrates of Constantinople writes in his Historia Ecclesiastica, 1:16 (c. 439) that the emperor named the city "Constantinople" while decreeing that it be designated a "second Rome" (‘Κωνσταντινούπολιν’ μετονομάσας, χρηματίζειν ‘δευτέραν Ῥώμην’ νόμῳ ἐκύρωσεν).
- ^ "Bartholomew, Archbishop of Constantinople, New Rome and Ecumenical Patriarch".