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<!--{{EP6 MEP image with label|image=Inigo Mendez De Vigo|name=Íñigo Méndez De Vigo}}-->
<!--{{EP6 MEP image with label|image=Inigo Mendez De Vigo|name=Íñigo Méndez De Vigo}}-->
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = The Baron of Claret
| name = The Baron of Claret
| honorific_prefix = [[The Most Excellent]]
| honorific_prefix = [[The Most Excellent]]
| honorific_suffix = [[Legion of Honour|LH]] [[Member of parliament|MP]]
| honorific_suffix = [[Order of Charles III|OCIII]] [[Order of Constitutional Merit|OMC]] [[Legion of Honour|LH]]
| image = Íñigo Méndez de Vigo 2018 (cropped).jpg
| image = Íñigo Méndez de Vigo 2018 (cropped).jpg
| caption = At the [[32nd Goya Awards]], 2018
| caption = Méndez de Vigo in 2018
| office2 = [[Spokesperson of the Government of Spain|Spokesperson of the Government]]
| office2 = [[Spokesperson of the Government of Spain|Spokesperson of the Government]]
| predecessor2 = [[Soraya Sáenz de Santamaría]]
| predecessor2 = [[Soraya Sáenz de Santamaría]]
| successor2 = [[Isabel Celaá]]
| successor2 = [[Isabel Celaá]]
| party = [[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]]
| party = [[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]]
| office1 = [[Ministry of Education (Spain)|Minister of Education, Culture and Sport]]
| office1 = [[Ministry of Education (Spain)|Minister of Education, Culture and Sport]]
| primeminister1 = [[Mariano Rajoy]]
| primeminister1 = [[Mariano Rajoy]]
| predecessor1 = [[José Ignacio Wert]]
| predecessor1 = [[José Ignacio Wert]]
| successor1 = [[Isabel Celaá]] {{small|[[Ministry of Education (Spain)|(Minister of Education and Vocational Training)]]}}<br />[[Màxim Huerta]] {{small|[[Ministry of Culture (Spain)|(Minister of Culture and Sport)]]}}
| successor1 = [[Isabel Celaá]] {{small|[[Ministry of Education (Spain)|(Minister of Education and Vocational Training)]]}}<br />[[Màxim Huerta]] {{small|[[Ministry of Culture (Spain)|(Minister of Culture and Sport)]]}}
| birth_name = Íñigo Méndez de Vigo Montojo
| birth_name = Íñigo Méndez de Vigo Montojo
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1956|01|21|df=y}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1956|01|21|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Tetuan]], Spanish Protectorate of Morocco
| birth_place = [[Tetuan]], Spanish Protectorate of Morocco
⚫
| spouse = María Pérez de Herrasti y Urquijo
| nationality = Spanish
| parents =
⚫
| spouse = María Pérez de Herrasti y Urquijo
| occupation = Politician
| parents = [[Lieutenant-Colonel]] Íñigo Méndez de Vigo y del Arco; <br /> Paloma de Montojo y de Icaza y de León y Sureda, 2nd Countess of Areny
⚫
| allegiance =
| residence = [[Madrid]], [[Spain]]
⚫
| branch = [[Spanish Army|Army]]
| occupation = [[Politician]], [[Legal advice|legal advisor]], [[civil servant]], [[jurist]]
⚫
| serviceyears = 1977–1980
⚫
| allegiance =
⚫
| rank = Lieutenant
⚫
| branch = [[Spanish Army|Army]]
⚫
| unit = [[University Militias]]
⚫
| serviceyears = 1977–1980
⚫
| term_start1 = 25 June 2015
⚫
| rank = Lieutenant
⚫
| term_end1 = 7 June 2018
⚫
| unit = [[University Militias]]
⚫
| term_start2 = 4 November 2016
⚫
| term_start1 = 25 June 2015
| term_end1 = 7 June 2018
| term_end2 = 7 June 2018
⚫
| office3 = [[Secretary of State for the European Union]]
⚫
| term_start2 = 4 November 2016
⚫
| term_start3 = 23 December 2011
⚫
| term_end2 = 7 June 2018
⚫
| term_end3 = 26 June 2015
⚫
| office3 = [[Secretary of State for the European Union]]
⚫
| predecessor3 = [[Diego López Garrido]]
⚫
| term_start3 = 23 December 2011
⚫
| successor3 = [[Fernando Eguidazu Palacios]]
⚫
| term_end3 = 26 June 2015
⚫
| office4 = [[Congress of Deputies (Spain)|Member of the Congress of Deputies]]
⚫
| predecessor3 = [[Diego López Garrido]]
⚫
| term_start4 = 13 January 2016
⚫
| successor3 = [[Fernando Eguidazu Palacios]]
| term_end4 = 21 May 2019
⚫
| office4 = [[Congress of Deputies (Spain)|Member of the Congress of Deputies]]
⚫
| constituency4 = [[Palencia (Spanish Congress Electoral District)|Palencia]]
⚫
| term_start4 = 13 January 2016
⚫
| office5 = [[Member of the European Parliament]]
| term_end4 =
⚫
| term_start5 = 19 October 1992
⚫
| constituency4 = [[Palencia (Spanish Congress Electoral District)|Palencia]]
⚫
| term_end5 = 23 December 2011
⚫
| office5 = [[Member of the European Parliament]]
⚫
| constituency5 = [[Spain (European Parliament constituency)|Spain]]
⚫
| term_start5 = 19 October 1992
⚫
| term_end5 = 23 December 2011
⚫
| constituency5 = [[Spain (European Parliament constituency)|Spain]]
}}
}}


{{family name hatnote|Méndez de Vigo|Montojo|lang=Spanish}}
{{family name hatnote|Méndez de Vigo|Montojo|lang=Spanish}}
'''Íñigo Méndez de Vigo y Montojo, 9th Baron of Claret''' (born 21 January 1956) is a Spanish aristocrat and politician. He served as [[Ministry of Education (Spain)|Minister of Education, Culture and Sport]] between 26 June 2015 and 1 June 2018, when a [[2018 vote of no confidence in the government of Mariano Rajoy|vote of no-confidence against]] [[Mariano Rajoy]] ousted the government. He was also the [[Spokesperson of the Government of Spain|Spokesperson of the Government]] from 4 November 2016 until his departure on 1 June 2018.
'''Íñigo Méndez de Vigo y Montojo, 9th Baron of Claret''' (born 21 January 1956) is a Spanish politician. He was [[Ministry of Education (Spain)|Minister of Education, Culture and Sport]] between 26 June 2015 and 1 June 2018, when a [[2018 vote of no confidence in the government of Mariano Rajoy|vote of no-confidence against]] [[Mariano Rajoy]] ousted the government. He was also the [[Spokesperson of the Government of Spain|Spokesperson of the Government]] from 4 November 2016 until his departure on 1 June 2018.


==Childhood and education==
==Childhood and education==


Méndez de Vigo was born on 21 January 1956 in [[Tetuan]], then part of the [[Spanish Protectorate of Morocco]], where his father (descendant of the Minister of War [[:es:Santiago Méndez Vigo|Santiago Méndez de Vigo]] and his wife Ana Isabel Osorio y Zayas, Countess ''[[suo jure]]'' [[:es:Condado de Santa Cruz de los Manueles|of Santa Cruz de los Manueles]]) was serving as a [[lieutenant]] in the [[infantry]]. He is descended, amongst others, from the [[Esther Koplowitz, Marquise of Cubas|Marquesses of Cubas]], the [[Agustín Fernando Muñoz, Duke of Riánsares|Dukes of Riánsares]] and [[Queen mother]] of Spain [[Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies]] (María Cristina de Borbón),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://escolar.net/MT/archives/2012/07/el-secretario-de-estado-para-la-ue-debe-dimitir.html|title=El secretario de Estado para la UE debe dimitir}}</ref> and via his maternal grandmother, the novelist [[Carmen de Icaza]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/i/icaza_carmen.htm|title=Biografia de Carmen de Icaza|website=www.biografiasyvidas.com}}</ref> he succeeded, on 8 January 1981, to her [[Style (manner of address)|title]] as 9th ''Baron de Claret''.<ref>''Elenco de grandezas y títulos nobiliarios españoles 2018''. Madrid, 2018, p. 306-307.</ref> Íñigo Méndez de Vigo y Montojo is a fourth cousin [[once removed]] of [[Felipe VI of Spain|Felipe VI]] through common descent from [[Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies|Queen Maria Cristina]], [[Queen consort of Spain|Consort]] and later [[Regent of Spain]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.revistavanityfair.es/realeza/articulos/maria-perez-de-herrasti-y-urquijo-albadya-la-conquista-claret-inigo-mendez-de-vigo/29317|title=La mujer de Íñigo Méndez de Vigo será marquesa por partida doble|date=2018-02-23|work=Vanity Fair|access-date=2018-08-15|language=es}}</ref>
Méndez de Vigo was born on 21 January 1956 in [[Tetuan]], then part of the [[Spanish Protectorate of Morocco]], where his father (descendant of the Minister of War [[:es:Santiago Méndez Vigo|Santiago Méndez de Vigo]] and his wife Ana Isabel Osorio y Zayas, Countess ''[[suo jure]]'' [[:es:Condado de Santa Cruz de los Manueles|of Santa Cruz de los Manueles]]) was a lieutenant in the infantry. He is descended from the [[Esther Koplowitz, Marquise of Cubas|Marquesses of Cubas]], the [[Agustín Fernando Muñoz, Duke of Riánsares|Dukes of Riánsares]] and [[Queen mother]] of Spain [[Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies]] (María Cristina de Borbón),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://escolar.net/MT/archives/2012/07/el-secretario-de-estado-para-la-ue-debe-dimitir.html|title=El secretario de Estado para la UE debe dimitir}}</ref> and via his maternal grandmother, the novelist [[Carmen de Icaza]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/i/icaza_carmen.htm|title=Biografia de Carmen de Icaza|website=www.biografiasyvidas.com}}</ref> he succeeded, on 8 January 1981, to her [[Style (manner of address)|title]] as 9th ''Baron de Claret''.<ref>''Elenco de grandezas y títulos nobiliarios españoles 2018''. Madrid, 2018, p. 306-307.</ref> Íñigo Méndez de Vigo y Montojo is a fourth cousin [[once removed]] of [[Felipe VI of Spain|Felipe VI]] through common descent from [[Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies|Queen Maria Cristina]], [[Queen consort of Spain|Consort]] and later [[Regent of Spain]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.revistavanityfair.es/realeza/articulos/maria-perez-de-herrasti-y-urquijo-albadya-la-conquista-claret-inigo-mendez-de-vigo/29317|title=La mujer de Íñigo Méndez de Vigo será marquesa por partida doble|date=2018-02-23|work=Vanity Fair|access-date=2018-08-15|language=es}}</ref>


Méndez de Vigo has a brother, Pedro, an army officer, and two sisters, Beatriz and Valeria, one who is the secretary general of the [[National Intelligence Centre (Spain)|National Intelligence Center]], and the other for a non-governmental organisation.<ref>Martin Banks (April 10, 2002), [http://www.politico.eu/article/profile-master-of-the-game-inigo-mendez-de-vigo/ PROFILE – Master of the game: Íñigo Méndez de Vigo] ''[[European Voice]]''.</ref>
Méndez de Vigo has a brother, Pedro, an army officer, and two sisters, Beatriz and Valeria, one of whom is the secretary general of the [[National Intelligence Centre (Spain)|National Intelligence Center]], and the other for a non-governmental organisation.<ref>Martin Banks (April 10, 2002), [http://www.politico.eu/article/profile-master-of-the-game-inigo-mendez-de-vigo/ PROFILE – Master of the game: Íñigo Méndez de Vigo] ''[[European Voice]]''.</ref>


He completed his schooling at the German School in Madrid, as well as studying French language at the Académie française and learning English at the British Institute School. He graduated in law from the [[Universidad Complutense de Madrid]] in 1978.
He completed his schooling at the German School in Madrid, as well as studying French language at the Académie française and learning English at the British Institute School. He graduated in law from the [[Universidad Complutense de Madrid]] in 1978.
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Between 2006 and 2007, Méndez de Vigo served as member of the [[Amato Group]], a group of high-level European politicians unofficially working on rewriting the [[Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe]] into what became known as the [[Treaty of Lisbon]] following its rejection by [[2005 French European Constitution referendum|French]] and [[2005 Dutch European Constitution referendum|Dutch]] voters. In 2009 he was appointed [[List of presidents of College of Europe|president]] of the [[College of Europe]].
Between 2006 and 2007, Méndez de Vigo served as member of the [[Amato Group]], a group of high-level European politicians unofficially working on rewriting the [[Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe]] into what became known as the [[Treaty of Lisbon]] following its rejection by [[2005 French European Constitution referendum|French]] and [[2005 Dutch European Constitution referendum|Dutch]] voters. In 2009 he was appointed [[List of presidents of College of Europe|president]] of the [[College of Europe]].


After his appointment to the Spanish Government in December 2011 by [[Mariano Rajoy Brey]], Méndez de Vigo served as [[Secretary of State for the European Union]]. In June 2015 he was appointed Minister of Education, Culture and Sport in replacement of [[José Ignacio Wert]].<ref>Elisabeth O'Leary (June 25, 2015), [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-spain-politics-idUSKBN0P52SU20150625 Spain PM names new education minister as election ripples linger] ''[[Reuters]]''.</ref> In November 2016, in the [[Second Rajoy Government]], he was also appointed Spokesperson of the Government.
In December 2011 he joined [[Mariano Rajoy]]'s first government as [[Secretary of State for the European Union]]. In June 2015 he was appointed Minister of Education, Culture and Sport in replacement of [[José Ignacio Wert]].<ref>Elisabeth O'Leary (June 25, 2015), [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-spain-politics-idUSKBN0P52SU20150625 Spain PM names new education minister as election ripples linger] ''[[Reuters]]''.</ref> In November 2016, in the [[Second Rajoy Government]], he was also appointed Spokesperson of the Government.

In March 2019 he left active politics.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-03-11 |title=El exportavoz del Gobierno Íñigo Méndez de Vigo abandona la política |url=https://elpais.com/politica/2019/03/11/actualidad/1552303620_817015.html |access-date=2024-06-16 |work=El País |language=es |issn=1134-6582}}</ref>


===Academic career===
===Academic career===
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===Titles===
===Titles===
* 9th Baron of Claret
* 9th Baron of Claret (1981-)
*Consort of the Marchioness of Albayda (since 2020)
*Consort of the Marchioness of Albayda (2020-)
*Consort of the Marchioness of la Conquista (since 2020)
*Consort of the Marchioness of la Conquista (2020-)
*Consort of the Countess of Antillón (2021-)
*Consort of the Countess of Padul (2021-)


===Honours===
===Honours===
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* 2011: [[File:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|45px]] Knight of the [[Legion of Honour]] of the [[French Republic]]
* 2011: [[File:Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|45px]] Knight of the [[Legion of Honour]] of the [[French Republic]]
* 2011: [[File:Order of Civil Merit (Spain) - Crosses.svg|45px]] Medal of the Spanish [[Order of Constitutional Merit]]
* 2011: [[File:Order of Civil Merit (Spain) - Crosses.svg|45px]] Medal of the Spanish [[Order of Constitutional Merit]]
* 2018: [[File:Band to Order of Charles III.png|45px]] Grand Cross of the [[Order of Charles III]] of [[Spain]]


===Awards===
===Awards===
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* 2007: Gold Medal of the Committees of Action for European Union
* 2007: Gold Medal of the Committees of Action for European Union
* 2009: Prix Capalbio – European Special Award
* 2009: Prix Capalbio – European Special Award

=== Arms ===
{{Infobox COA wide
|image = File:Coat of Arms of the 9th Baron of Claret.svg
|imagesize =
|bannerimage =
|badgeimage =
|notes =
|year_adopted =
|crest =
|torse =
|helm =
|coronet = Coronet of a [[Baron]].
|escutcheon =
|supporters =
|compartment =
|motto =
|orders = [[Order of Charles III]] collar
|other_elements =
|banner =
|badge =
|symbolism =
|previous_versions =
}}


== References ==
== References ==
Line 137: Line 164:


==External links==
==External links==
*{{commons category-inline}}
*{{commonscatinline}}


{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}

Latest revision as of 22:29, 28 November 2024

The Most Excellent
The Baron of Claret
OCIII OMC LH
Méndez de Vigo in 2018
Minister of Education, Culture and Sport
In office
25 June 2015 – 7 June 2018
Prime MinisterMariano Rajoy
Preceded byJosé Ignacio Wert
Succeeded byIsabel Celaá (Minister of Education and Vocational Training)
Màxim Huerta (Minister of Culture and Sport)
Spokesperson of the Government
In office
4 November 2016 – 7 June 2018
Preceded bySoraya Sáenz de Santamaría
Succeeded byIsabel Celaá
Secretary of State for the European Union
In office
23 December 2011 – 26 June 2015
Preceded byDiego López Garrido
Succeeded byFernando Eguidazu Palacios
Member of the Congress of Deputies
In office
13 January 2016 – 21 May 2019
ConstituencyPalencia
Member of the European Parliament
In office
19 October 1992 – 23 December 2011
ConstituencySpain
Personal details
Born
Íñigo Méndez de Vigo Montojo

(1956-01-21) 21 January 1956 (age 68)
Tetuan, Spanish Protectorate of Morocco
Political partyPeople's Party
SpouseMaría Pérez de Herrasti y Urquijo
OccupationPolitician
Military service
Branch/serviceArmy
Years of service1977–1980
RankLieutenant
UnitUniversity Militias
In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Méndez de Vigo and the second or maternal family name is Montojo.

Íñigo Méndez de Vigo y Montojo, 9th Baron of Claret (born 21 January 1956) is a Spanish politician. He was Minister of Education, Culture and Sport between 26 June 2015 and 1 June 2018, when a vote of no-confidence against Mariano Rajoy ousted the government. He was also the Spokesperson of the Government from 4 November 2016 until his departure on 1 June 2018.

Childhood and education

[edit]

Méndez de Vigo was born on 21 January 1956 in Tetuan, then part of the Spanish Protectorate of Morocco, where his father (descendant of the Minister of War Santiago Méndez de Vigo and his wife Ana Isabel Osorio y Zayas, Countess suo jure of Santa Cruz de los Manueles) was a lieutenant in the infantry. He is descended from the Marquesses of Cubas, the Dukes of Riánsares and Queen mother of Spain Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies (María Cristina de Borbón),[1] and via his maternal grandmother, the novelist Carmen de Icaza,[2] he succeeded, on 8 January 1981, to her title as 9th Baron de Claret.[3] Íñigo Méndez de Vigo y Montojo is a fourth cousin once removed of Felipe VI through common descent from Queen Maria Cristina, Consort and later Regent of Spain.[4]

Méndez de Vigo has a brother, Pedro, an army officer, and two sisters, Beatriz and Valeria, one of whom is the secretary general of the National Intelligence Center, and the other for a non-governmental organisation.[5]

He completed his schooling at the German School in Madrid, as well as studying French language at the Académie française and learning English at the British Institute School. He graduated in law from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid in 1978.

Following the completion of his military service with the rank of lieutenant and after passing the public exams, he became legal advisor to the Cortes Generales in 1981.

He is married to María Pérez de Herrasti y Urquijo, since 8 January 2020 Marchioness of Albayda (with Grandeeship of Spain) and Marchioness of la Conquista.[6]

Career

[edit]

Political career

[edit]

In 1982, at the age of 26, Méndez de Vigo was appointed director of interparliamentary relations for the Cortes Generales. In 1984 he accepted the position of special advisor to then-secretary general of the Council of Europe, Marcelino Oreja.

He joined the People's Party at its founding Conference in 1989, and stood unsuccessfully in that year as one of its candidates at the European election.

In October 1992 he was elected a Member of the European Parliament, a position he held until December 2011. He also served as a member of the People's Party's National Steering Committee.

Méndez de Vigo served as the European People's Party co-ordinator on the Committee on Constitutional Affairs from 1994 and on its Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs (2009–2011), as well as:

  • Chairman of the EP Delegation to the Convention drafting the Charter of Fundamental Rights (1999–2000);
  • Chairman of the EP Delegation to the European Convention (2003–04);
  • EP representative to the IGC (2004);
  • Parliament's rapporteur (with Richard Corbett MEP) on the Treaty establishing a European Constitution (2004);
  • Parliament's rapporteur (with Richard Corbett MEP) on the Treaty of Lisbon.

Between 2006 and 2007, Méndez de Vigo served as member of the Amato Group, a group of high-level European politicians unofficially working on rewriting the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe into what became known as the Treaty of Lisbon following its rejection by French and Dutch voters. In 2009 he was appointed president of the College of Europe.

In December 2011 he joined Mariano Rajoy's first government as Secretary of State for the European Union. In June 2015 he was appointed Minister of Education, Culture and Sport in replacement of José Ignacio Wert.[7] In November 2016, in the Second Rajoy Government, he was also appointed Spokesperson of the Government.

In March 2019 he left active politics.[8]

Academic career

[edit]
  • Lecturer in constitutional law (UCM, 1981–1984)
    • Lecturer in community law (1989–1991)
  • Jean Monnet Chair in European Institutions (UCM, 1999–2004)
    • Honorary Jean Monnet Chair (2004)

Other activities

[edit]

Publications

[edit]

Méndez de Vigo has written numerous books and articles on Europe:

  • Una Reforma Fiscal para España, with José Manuel García-Margallo (Ed. Lid, 1996)
  • Financiación de las Comunidades Autónomas y Corresponsabilidad Fiscal, with José Manuel García-Margallo and Vicente Martínez-Pujalte (Fundación Bancaixa, 1996)
  • La Apuesta Europea: de la moneda a la Unión Política, with José Manuel García-Margallo (Ed. Política Exterior, 1998)
  • Europa paso a paso (2002)
  • El rompecabezas. Así redactamos la Constitución europea (Ed. Biblioteca Nueva and Real Instituto Elcano, 2005)
  • ¿Por qué una Constitución para Europa? 25 respuestas, with Marcelino Oreja and Juan Antonio Carrillo Salcedo (Ed. Real Academia de Ciencias Morales y Políticas, 2005)
  • Alegato por Europa (Ed. Biblioteca nueva, 2006)
  • Coordinator: ¿Qué fue de la Constitución europea? (Ed. Planeta, 2007)
  • Editor: Liber Amicorum Marcelino Oreja Aguirre (Ed. Cinterco, 2010)

Méndez de Vigo also writes for ABC, and is an online contributor for El Economista.

Titles, Honours and awards

[edit]

Titles

[edit]
  • 9th Baron of Claret (1981-)
  • Consort of the Marchioness of Albayda (2020-)
  • Consort of the Marchioness of la Conquista (2020-)
  • Consort of the Countess of Antillón (2021-)
  • Consort of the Countess of Padul (2021-)

Honours

[edit]

Awards

[edit]

Arms

[edit]
Coat of arms of Íñigo Méndez de Vigo
Coronet
Coronet of a Baron.
Orders
Order of Charles III collar

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "El secretario de Estado para la UE debe dimitir".
  2. ^ "Biografia de Carmen de Icaza". www.biografiasyvidas.com.
  3. ^ Elenco de grandezas y títulos nobiliarios españoles 2018. Madrid, 2018, p. 306-307.
  4. ^ "La mujer de Íñigo Méndez de Vigo será marquesa por partida doble". Vanity Fair (in Spanish). 2018-02-23. Retrieved 2018-08-15.
  5. ^ Martin Banks (April 10, 2002), PROFILE – Master of the game: Íñigo Méndez de Vigo European Voice.
  6. ^ Elenco de grandezas y títulos nobiliarios españoles. Separata 2019. Madrid, 2019, p. 14 (Albayda) and p. 54 (Conquista, la).
  7. ^ Elisabeth O'Leary (June 25, 2015), Spain PM names new education minister as election ripples linger Reuters.
  8. ^ "El exportavoz del Gobierno Íñigo Méndez de Vigo abandona la política". El País (in Spanish). 2019-03-11. ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 2024-06-16.
  9. ^ Board of Trustees ELCANO – Royal Institute for International and Strategic Studies.
  10. ^ Members European Council on Foreign Relations.
  11. ^ Board of Trustees Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum.
  12. ^ Board of TrusteesMuseo Picasso Málaga.
  13. ^ Board of TrusteesUniversal Forum of Cultures.
[edit]
Academic offices
Preceded by Speaker at the College of Europe Opening Ceremony
2013 		Succeeded by
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