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{{Short description|Zoroastrian community in India}}
{{Short description|Zoroastrian community in India}}
{{distinguish|Parsis}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2011}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Iranis
| native_name = {{langx|fa|ایرانی}}
| native_name_lang =
| image =
| caption =
| poptime =
| langs = [[Zoroastrian Dari language|Zoroastrian Dari]], [[Hindi]], Other [[Persian language|Persian]] Dialects
| rels = [[Zoroastrianism]]
| related_groups = [[Parsis]]
}}
{{Zoroastrianism sidebar}}
{{Zoroastrianism sidebar}}


The '''Irani''' ({{lang-fa|ایرانی}}; meaning ''Iranian'') are an [[ethnoreligious group|ethno-religious]] community in the [[Indian subcontinent]]; they descend from the [[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrians]] that emigrated from [[Iran]] to [[British India]] in the 19th and 20th centuries.<ref>{{cite web| title = Emigration of Iranian Elites to India during the 16-18th centuries | url = http://asiecentrale.revues.org/480 | access-date = 2013-12-17| first = Haneda | last = Masashi }}</ref> They are culturally, linguistically, ethnically and socially distinct from the [[Parsis]], who&nbsp;– although also Zoroastrians&nbsp;– emigrated to the Indian subcontinent from [[Greater Iran]] many centuries prior, starting with the [[Islamic conquest of Persia]].<!-- no need to be more precise than this. Neither the precise date nor the precise location are known -->
The '''Iranis''' ({{langx|fa|ایرانی}}; meaning ''Iranian'') are an [[ethnoreligious group|ethno-religious]] community in the [[Indian subcontinent]]; they descend from the [[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrians]] who emigrated from [[Qajar Iran|Qajar-era Iran]] to [[British India]] in the 19th and 20th centuries.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Emigration of Iranian Elites to India during the 16-18th centuries | url = http://asiecentrale.revues.org/480 | access-date = 2013-12-17 | first = Haneda | last = Masashi | journal = Cahiers d'Asie Centrale | date = October 1997 | issue = 3/4 | pages = 129–143 | archive-date = 14 July 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130714180857/http://asiecentrale.revues.org/480 | url-status = live }}</ref> They are culturally, linguistically, ethnically and socially distinct from the [[Parsis]], who&nbsp;– although also Zoroastrians&nbsp;– immigrated to the Indian subcontinent from [[Greater Iran]] many centuries prior, starting with the [[Islamic conquest of Persia]].<!-- no need to be more precise than this. Neither the precise date nor the precise location are known -->


==Distinction from Parsis==
==Distinction from Parsis==
The Parsis and Iranis are considered legally distinct. A 1909 ''[[obiter dictum]]'' relating to the Indian Zoroastrians observed that Iranis (of the now defunct [[Bombay Presidency]]) were not obliged to uphold the decisions of the then regulatory Parsi [[Panchayati raj|Panchayat]]. Some of the Irani community speaks an [[ethnolect]] called [[Zoroastrian Dari language|Zoroastrian Dari]]. However, the two communities increasingly [[intermarry]] and are said to have been "integrated well" with each other.<ref>{{cite web | title = What sets Zoroastrian-Iranis apart | access-date = 2018-06-24 | first = Padmaja | last = Shastri | url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/What-sets-Zoroastrian-Iranis-apart/articleshow/572604.cms }}</ref>
The Parsis and Iranis are considered legally distinct. A 1909 ''[[obiter dictum]]'' relating to the Indian Zoroastrians observed that Iranis (of the now defunct [[Bombay Presidency]]) were not obliged to uphold the decisions of the then regulatory Parsi [[Panchayati raj|Panchayat]]. Some of the Irani community speaks an [[ethnolect]] called [[Zoroastrian Dari language|Zoroastrian Dari]] whereas most Parsis typically speak [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]. However, the two communities increasingly [[Exogamy|intermarry]] and are said to have been "integrated well" with each other.<ref>{{cite news | title = What sets Zoroastrian-Iranis apart | access-date = 2018-06-24 | first = Padmaja | last = Shastri | newspaper = The Times of India | date = 21 March 2004 | url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/What-sets-Zoroastrian-Iranis-apart/articleshow/572604.cms | archive-date = 19 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200419124238/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/What-sets-Zoroastrian-Iranis-apart/articleshow/572604.cms | url-status = live }}</ref>


==History==
==History==
{{Unreferenced section|date=November 2022}}

Although the term 'Irani' is first attested during the [[Mughal era]], most Iranis are descended from immigrants who left Iran and migrated to the Indian subcontinent during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. At the time, Iran was ruled by the [[Qajar dynasty|Qajars]] and religious [[persecution of Zoroastrians]] was widespread. Some Iranis still speak [[Persian language|Persian]] and the [[Dari (Zoroastrian)|Dari]] dialects of the Zoroastrians of those provinces. Iranis are generally seen as a subset of the wider Zoroastrian community.
Although the term 'Irani' is first attested during the [[Mughal era]], most Iranis are descended from immigrants who left Iran and migrated to the Indian subcontinent during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. At the time, Iran was ruled by the [[Qajar dynasty|Qajars]] and religious [[persecution of Zoroastrians]] was widespread. Some Iranis still speak [[Persian language|Persian]] and the [[Dari (Zoroastrian)|Dari]] dialects of the Zoroastrians of those provinces. Iranis are generally seen as a subset of the wider Zoroastrian community.


As is also the case for the Parsis, the Iranis predominantly settled the west-coast of India, in the states of [[Gujarat]] and [[Maharashtra]]. A concentration of their people live in and around the city of [[Mumbai]].
As is also the case for the Parsis, the Iranis predominantly settled in the west coast of India/the Indian subcontinent.


==See also==
==See also==
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==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

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{{Iranian peoples|state=collapsed}}
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{{Social groups of Gujarat|state=collapsed}}
{{Zoroastrianism}}


[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]
[[Category:Irani people| ]]
[[Category:Irani (India) people| ]]
[[Category:Surnames]]
[[Category:Surnames]]
[[Category:Zoroastrianism]]
[[Category:Zoroastrianism]]
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{{zoroastrianism-stub}}
{{zoroastrianism-stub}}
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{{Iranian peoples|state=collapsed}}
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{{Social groups of Gujarat|state=collapsed}}

Latest revision as of 01:37, 29 November 2024

Not to be confused with Parsis.

Iranis
Persian: ایرانی
Languages
Zoroastrian Dari, Hindi, Other Persian Dialects
Religion
Zoroastrianism
Related ethnic groups
Parsis
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The Iranis (Persian: ایرانی; meaning Iranian) are an ethno-religious community in the Indian subcontinent; they descend from the Zoroastrians who emigrated from Qajar-era Iran to British India in the 19th and 20th centuries.[1] They are culturally, linguistically, ethnically and socially distinct from the Parsis, who – although also Zoroastrians – immigrated to the Indian subcontinent from Greater Iran many centuries prior, starting with the Islamic conquest of Persia.

Distinction from Parsis

[edit]

The Parsis and Iranis are considered legally distinct. A 1909 obiter dictum relating to the Indian Zoroastrians observed that Iranis (of the now defunct Bombay Presidency) were not obliged to uphold the decisions of the then regulatory Parsi Panchayat. Some of the Irani community speaks an ethnolect called Zoroastrian Dari whereas most Parsis typically speak Gujarati. However, the two communities increasingly intermarry and are said to have been "integrated well" with each other.[2]

History

[edit]

Although the term 'Irani' is first attested during the Mughal era, most Iranis are descended from immigrants who left Iran and migrated to the Indian subcontinent during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. At the time, Iran was ruled by the Qajars and religious persecution of Zoroastrians was widespread. Some Iranis still speak Persian and the Dari dialects of the Zoroastrians of those provinces. Iranis are generally seen as a subset of the wider Zoroastrian community.

As is also the case for the Parsis, the Iranis predominantly settled in the west coast of India/the Indian subcontinent.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Masashi, Haneda (October 1997). "Emigration of Iranian Elites to India during the 16-18th centuries". Cahiers d'Asie Centrale (3/4): 129–143. Archived from the original on 14 July 2013. Retrieved 17 December 2013.
  2. ^ Shastri, Padmaja (21 March 2004). "What sets Zoroastrian-Iranis apart". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 19 April 2020. Retrieved 24 June 2018.


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