Empress of Northern Zhou: Difference between revisions

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The Northern Zhou dynasty of China had nine empresses consort in its history (although the first two used the alternative title of "Heavenly Princess" (天王后, Tian Wanghou), five of whom were the wives of emperors:

Yuan Humo (r. 557), the wife of Emperor Xiaomin.^[1]
Empress Dugu (r. 558), the wife of Emperor Ming.^[1]
Empress Ashina (r. 568–578), the wife of Emperor Wu.^[1]
Yang Lihua (r. 578–579), the wife of Emperor Xuan.
Sima Lingji (r. 579–580), the wife of Emperor Jing.^[2]

Further, Emperor Xuan, after he had become retired emperor, created four of his concubines empresses as well, in contravention to the convention of having only the emperor's wife being empress^[3]:

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Yanshou, Li (659). "卷014" . 北史 (in Chinese) – via Wikisource.
^ Defen, Linghu (636). "卷09" . 周書 (in Chinese) – via Wikisource.
^ Hong Lee, Lily Xiao; Stefanowska, AD; Wiles, Sue (2015). Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: Antiquity Through Sui, 1600 B.C.E. - 618 C.E. Routledge. ISBN 9781317475903.

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[:0-1] Yanshou, Li (659). "卷014" . 北史 (in Chinese) – via Wikisource.

[:1-2] Defen, Linghu (636). "卷09" . 周書 (in Chinese) – via Wikisource.

[3] Hong Lee, Lily Xiao; Stefanowska, AD; Wiles, Sue (2015). Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: Antiquity Through Sui, 1600 B.C.E. - 618 C.E. Routledge. ISBN 9781317475903.

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+The [[Northern Zhou|Northern Zhou dynasty]] of China had nine [[Queen consort|empresses consort]] in its history (although the first two used the alternative title of "Heavenly Princess" (天王后, ''Tian Wanghou''), five of whom were the wives of emperors:
-{{unreferenced|date=January 2009}}
-'''[[Northern Zhou]]''' had nine '''[[empress]]es''' in its history (although the first two used the alternative title of "Heavenly Princess" (天王后, ''Tian Wanghou'')), five of whom were the wives of emperors:
-# [[Empress Yuan Humo]] (r. 557), the wife of [[Emperor Xiaomin of Northern Zhou|Emperor Xiaomin]].
+# [[Yuan Humo]] (r. 557), the wife of [[Emperor Xiaomin of Northern Zhou|Emperor Xiaomin]].<ref name=":0">{{cite wikisource |first= Li |last= Yanshou |chapter= 卷014 |wslink= 北史 |wslanguage=zh |plaintitle= 北史 |year= 659}}</ref>
-# [[Empress Dugu (Ming)|Empress Dugu]] (r. 558), the wife of [[Emperor Ming of Northern Zhou|Emperor Ming]].
+# [[Empress Dugu (Northern Zhou)|Empress Dugu]] (r. 558), the wife of [[Emperor Ming of Northern Zhou|Emperor Ming]].<ref name=":0"/>
-# [[Empress Ashina]] (r. 568-578), the wife of [[Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou|Emperor Wu]].
+# [[Empress Ashina]] (r. 568–578), the wife of [[Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou|Emperor Wu]].<ref name=":0"/>
-# [[Empress Yang Lihua]] (r. 578-579), the wife of [[Emperor Xuan of Northern Zhou|Emperor Xuan]].
+# [[Yang Lihua]] (r. 578–579), the wife of [[Emperor Xuan of Northern Zhou|Emperor Xuan]].
-# [[Empress Sima Lingji]] (r. 579-580), the wife of [[Emperor Jing of Northern Zhou|Emperor Jing]].
+# [[Sima Lingji]] (r. 579–580), the wife of [[Emperor Jing of Northern Zhou|Emperor Jing]].<ref name=":1">{{cite wikisource |first= Linghu |last= Defen |chapter= 卷09 |wslink= 周書 |wslanguage=zh |plaintitle= 周書 |year= 636}}</ref>
-Further, Emperor Xuan, after he had become [[retired emperor]], created four of his [[concubine]]s empresses as well, in contravention to the convention of having only the emperor's wife being empress:
+Further, Emperor Xuan, after he had become [[Taishang Huang|retired emperor]], created four of his [[concubine]]s empresses as well, in contravention to the convention of having only the emperor's wife being empress<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hong Lee |first1=Lily Xiao |last2=Stefanowska |first2=AD |last3=Wiles |first3=Sue |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OH6sBwAAQBAJ&q=%22Yang+Lihua%22 |title=Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: Antiquity Through Sui, 1600 B.C.E. - 618 C.E |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781317475903}}</ref>:
-# [[Empress Chen Yueyi]].
+# [[Chen Yueyi]]
-# [[Empress Yuchi Chifan]].
+# [[Yuchi Chifan]]
-# [[Empress Yuan Leshang]].
+# [[Yuan Leshang]]
-# [[Empress Zhu Manyue]].
+# [[Zhu Manyue]]
+==References==
+{{reflist}}
 [[Category:Northern Zhou empresses|*]]