Hongguang: Difference between revisions

Hongguang
Hongguang
Chinese	弘光
Literal meaning	"great light"
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Hóngguāng
Wade–Giles	Hung-kuang

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Stone carvings of the first year of Hongguang in Huilong Township, Hezhou, Chongqing Prefecture — 明弘光元年乙酉春施財殿信人王來朝……

Hongguang (28 January – 17 August 1645) was the era name of the Hongguang Emperor of the Southern Ming.

On 7 June 1644 (Chongzhen 17, 3rd day of the 5th month), Zhu Yousong was proclaimed "regent" (監國) in Nanjing and ascended the throne on 19 June (15th day of the 5th month), taking next year Hongguang 1 (弘光元年, "the first year of Hongguang"). On May 1645 (5th month), the Qing army conquered Nanjing, and Zhu Yousong was captured on 15 June (22nd day of the 5th month). On 18 August 1645 (27th day of the leap 6th month), the Longwu Emperor ascended to the throne and continued to use it. The following month, the era was changed to Longwu. On 24 August (4th day of the 7th month), Zhu Yihai, Prince of Lu, proclaimed himself "regent" and still using the Hongguang era name, and the following year, the era was changed to Jianguo Lu 1 (監國魯元年, "the first year of Jianguo Lu").

Comparison table

The Gānzhī of each month on the right side of the table was the first day of each month. "(Long)" means that the month has 30 days, and "(Short)" means that the month has 29 days. The numbers in the "leap month" table indicate the X leap month of that year, and the numbers below the first day of each month indicate the corresponding Western calendar date.

AD	Gānzhī 干支	Year	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	leap mon.
1645	Yǐyǒu 乙酉	Hongguang 1 (弘光元年)	Yǐyǒu (Short) 乙酉(小) 28/01	Jiǎyín (Long) 甲寅(大) 26/02	Jiǎshēn (Short) 甲申(小) 28/03	Guǐchǒu (Short) 癸丑(小) 26/04	Rénwǔ (Long) 壬午(大) 25/05	Rénzǐ (Short) 壬子(小) 24/06							6 Xīnsì (Short) 辛巳(小) 23/07

Hongguang	1
Qing dynasty	Shunzhi 2 順治二年

Other regime eras that existed during the same period

China
- Shunzhi (順治, 1644–1661): Qing dynasty — era name of the Shunzhi Emperor
- Yongchang (永昌, 1644–1645): Shun dynasty — era name of Li Zicheng
- Dashun (大順, 1644–1646): Xi dynasty — era name of Zhang Xianzhong
Vietnam
- Phúc Thái (福泰, 1643–1649): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Chân Tông
- Thuận Đức (順德, 1638–1677): Mạc dynasty — era name of Mạc Kính Vũ
Japan
- Shōhō (正保, 1644–1648): era name of Emperor Go-Kōmyō

References

Li Chongzhi (李崇智) (December 2004). Zhongguo lidai nianhao kao (中國歷代年號考). Beijing (北京): Zhonghua Book Co. (中華書局). ISBN 7101025129.
Deng Hongbo (鄧洪波) (March 2005). Chronology of East Asian history (東亞歷史年表). Taipei (臺北): National Taiwan University, Program for East Asian Classics and Cultures (國立臺灣大學東亞經典與文化研究計劃). ISBN 9789860005189. Archived from the original (pdf) on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2021-11-26.
Qian Haiyue (錢海岳) (May 2006). History of Southern Ming (南明史). Beijing (北京): Zhonghua Book (中華書局). ISBN 7101044298.

Preceded by Chongzhen	Southern Ming Era or nianhao 1645	Succeeded by Longwu (Prince of Tang) Jianguo Lu (Prince of Lu)

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Southern Ming era name}}
-#REDIRECT [[Zhu Yousong]]
+{{about|the era name of Zhu Yousong, the Southern Ming emperor|the emperor who used this era name|Hongguang Emperor}}
+{{Multiple issues|
+{{Expert needed|1=Chinese history|reason=Determining the correctness of transcriptions, dates, and whether the content is verifiable, particularly the concurrent eras content|date=August 2023}}
+{{Unreferenced|date=March 2024}}
+}}
+{{Infobox Chinese
+|title = Hongguang
+|pic=
+|picsize=
+|piccap=
+|c=弘光
+|p=Hóngguāng
+|w=Hung-kuang
+|l="great light"
+}}
+[[File:Chinese coin Hongguang Tongbao (flickr 8719045207).jpg|thumb|Hongguang Tongbao (弘光通寶) copper coin]]
+[[File:重慶府合州迴龍鄉弘光元年的石刻.jpg|thumb|Stone carvings of the first year of Hongguang in Huilong Township, Hezhou, Chongqing Prefecture — 明弘光元年乙酉春施財[[File:⿰石曼.svg|14px]]殿信人王來朝……]]
+'''Hongguang''' (28 January – 17 August 1645) was the [[Chinese era name|era name]] of the [[Zhu Yousong|Hongguang Emperor]] of the [[Southern Ming]].
+On 7 June 1644 (Chongzhen 17, 3rd day of the 5th month), [[Zhu Yousong]] was proclaimed "regent" (監國) in [[Nanjing]] and ascended the throne on 19 June (15th day of the 5th month), taking next year Hongguang 1 (弘光元年, "the first year of Hongguang"). On May 1645 (5th month), the [[Qing dynasty|Qing]] army conquered Nanjing, and Zhu Yousong was captured on 15 June (22nd day of the 5th month). On 18 August 1645 (27th day of the leap 6th month), the [[Zhu Yujian|Longwu Emperor]] ascended to the throne and continued to use it. The following month, the era was changed to [[Longwu]]. On 24 August (4th day of the 7th month), [[Zhu Yihai]], Prince of Lu, proclaimed himself "regent" and still using the Hongguang era name, and the following year, the era was changed to Jianguo Lu 1 (監國魯元年, "the first year of Jianguo Lu").
+==Comparison table==
+The Gānzhī of each month on the right side of the table was the first day of each month. "'''(Long)'''" means that the month has 30 days, and "'''(Short)'''" means that the month has 29 days. The numbers in the "leap month" table indicate the X leap month of that year, and the numbers below the first day of each month indicate the corresponding Western calendar date.
+{| class="wikitable"  style="text-align:center;"
+![[AD]]!![[Sexagenary cycle|Gānzhī]]<br>干支!!Year!!1!!2!!3!!4!!5!!6!!7!!8!!9!!10!!11!!12!!leap
+mon.
+|-
+!1645!!Yǐyǒu<br>乙酉!!Hongguang 1 (弘光元年)
+|Yǐyǒu (Short)<br>乙酉(小)<br>28/01||Jiǎyín (Long)<br>甲寅(大)<br>26/02||Jiǎshēn (Short)<br>甲申(小)<br>28/03||Guǐchǒu (Short)<br>癸丑(小)<br>26/04||Rénwǔ (Long)<br>壬午(大)<br>25/05||Rénzǐ (Short)<br>壬子(小)<br>24/06||　||　||　||　||　||　||6<br>Xīnsì (Short)<br>辛巳(小)<br>23/07
+|}
+{| class="wikitable"  style="text-align:center;"
+!Hongguang!!1
+|-
+![[Qing dynasty]]
+|Shunzhi 2<br>順治二年
+|}
+==Other regime eras that existed during the same period==
+* China
+** ''Shunzhi'' (順治, 1644–1661): [[Qing dynasty]] — era name of the [[Shunzhi Emperor]]
+** ''Yongchang'' (永昌, 1644–1645): [[Shun dynasty]] — era name of [[Li Zicheng]]
+** ''Dashun'' (大順, 1644–1646): Xi dynasty — era name of [[Zhang Xianzhong]]
+* Vietnam
+** ''Phúc Thái'' (福泰, 1643–1649): [[Lê dynasty|Later Lê dynasty]] — era name of [[Lê Chân Tông]]
+** ''Thuận Đức'' (順德, 1638–1677): [[Mạc dynasty]] — era name of [[Mạc Kính Vũ]]
+* Japan
+** ''[[Shōhō]]'' (正保, 1644–1648): era name of [[Emperor Go-Kōmyō]]
+==See also==
+* [[List of Chinese era names]]
+* [[List of Ming dynasty era names]]
+==References==
+{{reflist}}
+==Further reading==
+*{{Cite book|author=Li Chongzhi (李崇智)|title=Zhongguo lidai nianhao kao (中國歷代年號考)|format=|url=|date=December 2004|publisher=Zhonghua Book Co. (中華書局)|location=Beijing (北京)|isbn=7101025129}}
+*{{Cite book|author=Deng Hongbo (鄧洪波)|title=Chronology of East Asian history (東亞歷史年表)|format=pdf|url=http://www.eastasia.ntu.edu.tw/chinese/05_a04.htm|date=March 2005|publisher=National Taiwan University, Program for East Asian Classics and Cultures (國立臺灣大學東亞經典與文化研究計劃)|location=Taipei (臺北)|isbn=9789860005189|access-date=2021-11-26|archive-date=2007-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825002742/http://www.eastasia.ntu.edu.tw/chinese/05_a04.htm}}
+*{{Cite book|author=Qian Haiyue (錢海岳)|title=History of Southern Ming (南明史)|format=|url=|date=May 2006|publisher=Zhonghua Book (中華書局)|location=Beijing (北京)|isbn=7101044298}}
+{{s-start}}
+{{succession box
+| before = [[Chongzhen]]
+| title = Southern Ming [[Chinese era name|Era or ''nianhao'']]
+| years = 1645
+| after = [[Longwu]] (Prince of Tang)<br>[[Jianguo Lu]] (Prince of Lu)
+}}
+{{s-end}}
+{{DEFAULTSORT:Hongguang}}
+[[Category:Chinese imperial eras]]
+[[Category:17th-century neologisms]]