Leader of the Opposition (Israel): Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Parliamentary position in the Knesset}} |
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{{Infobox official post |
{{Infobox official post |
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| post = Leader of the Opposition |
| post = Leader of the Opposition |
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| insigniasize = 115px |
| insigniasize = 115px |
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| insigniacaption = Logo of the largest opposition party |
| insigniacaption = Logo of the largest opposition party |
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| image = |
| image = Yair Lapid (D1237-011).jpg |
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| imagesize = 150px |
| imagesize = 150px |
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| incumbent = [[ |
| incumbent = [[Yair Lapid]] |
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| incumbentsince = |
| incumbentsince = 2 January 2023<ref>[https://main.knesset.gov.il/EN/mk/Pages/HeadOfOpposition.aspx Leader of the Opposition] Knesset</ref> |
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| first = [[Meir Ya'ari]] |
| first = [[Meir Ya'ari]] |
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| termlength = While leader of the largest political party in the Knesset that is not in government |
| termlength = While leader of the largest political party in the Knesset that is not in government |
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}}{{Politics of Israel}} |
}}{{Politics of Israel}} |
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In [[Israel]], the '''Leader of the Opposition''' ({{ |
In [[Israel]], the '''Leader of the Opposition''' ({{langx|he|רֹאשׁ הַאוֹפּוֹזִיצְיָה}}, ''Rosh HaOpozitzya'') is the politician who leads the [[Leader of the opposition|Official Opposition]] in the [[Knesset]], the Israeli parliament. The [[Leader of the Opposition]] is, by [[constitutional convention (political custom)|convention]], the leader of the largest [[political party]] in the [[Knesset]] that is not in (or supports) the [[Cabinet of Israel|government]]. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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===Informal role, until 2000=== |
===Informal role, until 2000=== |
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Until 2000, the role of the Opposition Leader was not an official position, but rather an honorary role. The Leader of the Opposition was the leader of the largest party not in government |
Until 2000, the role of the Opposition Leader was not an official position, but rather an honorary role. The Leader of the Opposition was the leader of the largest party not in government. |
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Even with the absence of a law defining the role of the Opposition Leader, it was customary for the [[Prime Minister of Israel|Prime Minister]] to hold regular meetings with the leader of the largest opposition party. However, |
Even with the absence of a law defining the role of the Opposition Leader, it was customary for the [[Prime Minister of Israel|Prime Minister]] to hold regular meetings with the leader of the largest opposition party. However, this was done only at the prerogative of the Prime Minister. |
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===Formalised role, post-2000=== |
===Formalised role, post-2000=== |
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! Term start |
! Term start |
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! Term end |
! Term end |
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! Government(s) |
! Government(s)<br/>opposed |
||
! Prime minister(s) |
! Prime minister(s)<br/>opposed |
||
! Knesset |
! Knesset |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=2 style="background:{{party color|Mapam}}; color:white;" | '''1''' |
| rowspan=2 style="background:{{party color|Mapam}}; color:white;" | '''1''' |
||
| rowspan=2 | '''[[Meir Ya'ari]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|מאיר יערי}}<br />{{small|(1897–1987)}} || rowspan="2" | [[File:Yaari.jpg|80px]] || rowspan=2 | [[Mapam]] || rowspan=2 nowrap| 10 March 1949 || rowspan=2 nowrap| 8 October 1951 || [[First government of Israel|1]] || rowspan=4|[[David Ben-Gurion]]<br>{{small|([[Mapai]])}} || rowspan=2| [[List of members of the first Knesset| |
| rowspan=2 | '''[[Meir Ya'ari]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|מאיר יערי}}<br />{{small|(1897–1987)}} || rowspan="2" | [[File:Yaari.jpg|80px]] || rowspan=2 | [[Mapam]] || rowspan=2 nowrap| 10 March 1949 || rowspan=2 nowrap| 8 October 1951 || [[First government of Israel|1]] || rowspan=4|[[David Ben-Gurion]]<br>{{small|([[Mapai]])}} || rowspan=2| [[List of members of the first Knesset|1st]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Second government of Israel|2]] |
| [[Second government of Israel|2]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background:#12B6CF; color:white;" | '''2''' |
| style="background:#12B6CF; color:white;" | '''2''' |
||
| '''[[Peretz Bernstein]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|פרץ ברנשטיין}}<br />{{small|(1890–1971)}} || [[File:Peretz Bernstein.jpg|80px]] || [[General Zionists]] || nowrap| 8 October 1951 || nowrap| 24 December 1952 || [[Third government of Israel|3]] || rowspan=4| [[List of members of the second Knesset| |
| '''[[Peretz Bernstein]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|פרץ ברנשטיין}}<br />{{small|(1890–1971)}} || [[File:Peretz Bernstein.jpg|80px]] || [[General Zionists]] || nowrap| 8 October 1951 || nowrap| 24 December 1952 || [[Third government of Israel|3]] || rowspan=4| [[List of members of the second Knesset|2nd]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=2 style="background:{{party color|Mapam}}; color:white;" | '''(1)''' |
| rowspan=2 style="background:{{party color|Mapam}}; color:white;" | '''(1)''' |
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|- |
|- |
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| rowspan=7 style="background:{{party color|Herut}}; color:white;" | '''3''' |
| rowspan=7 style="background:{{party color|Herut}}; color:white;" | '''3''' |
||
| rowspan=7 | '''[[Menachem Begin]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|מנחם בגין}}<br />{{small|(1913–1992)}} || rowspan=7 | [[File:Menachem Begin (990044423610205171) (cropped).jpg|80px]] || rowspan=6 | [[Herut]] || rowspan=7 nowrap| 3 November 1955 || rowspan=7 nowrap| 5 June 1967 || [[Seventh government of Israel|7]] || rowspan=4|[[David Ben-Gurion]]<br>{{small|([[Mapai]])}} || rowspan=2| [[List of members of the third Knesset| |
| rowspan=7 | '''[[Menachem Begin]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|מנחם בגין}}<br />{{small|(1913–1992)}} || rowspan=7 | [[File:Menachem Begin (990044423610205171) (cropped).jpg|80px]] || rowspan=6 | [[Herut]] || rowspan=7 nowrap| 3 November 1955 || rowspan=7 nowrap| 5 June 1967 || [[Seventh government of Israel|7]] || rowspan=4|[[David Ben-Gurion]]<br>{{small|([[Mapai]])}} || rowspan=2| [[List of members of the third Knesset|3rd]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Eighth government of Israel|8]] |
| [[Eighth government of Israel|8]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Ninth government of Israel|9]] || [[List of members of the fourth Knesset| |
| [[Ninth government of Israel|9]] || [[List of members of the fourth Knesset|4th]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Tenth government of Israel|10]] || rowspan=3| [[List of members of the fifth Knesset| |
| [[Tenth government of Israel|10]] || rowspan=3| [[List of members of the fifth Knesset|5th]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Eleventh government of Israel|11]] || rowspan=3|[[Levi Eshkol]]<br>{{small|([[Mapai]] |
| [[Eleventh government of Israel|11]] || rowspan=3|[[Levi Eshkol]]<br>{{small|([[Mapai]] 1963–1966;<br/>[[Mapai]]/[[Israeli Labor Party|Labor]] [[Alignment (Israel)|Alignment]] 1966–1967)}} |
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|- |
|- |
||
| [[Twelfth government of Israel|12]] |
| [[Twelfth government of Israel|12]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Gahal]]<br>{{small|[[Herut]]}} || [[Thirteenth government of Israel|13]] || rowspan=2| [[List of members of the sixth Knesset| |
| [[Gahal]]<br>{{small|[[Herut]]}} || [[Thirteenth government of Israel|13]] || rowspan=2| [[List of members of the sixth Knesset|6th]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=2 style="background:{{party color|Agudat Yisrael}}; color:white;" | '''4''' |
| rowspan=2 style="background:{{party color|Agudat Yisrael}}; color:white;" | '''4''' |
||
| rowspan=2 | '''[[Yitzhak-Meir Levin]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|יצחק-מאיר לוין}}<br />{{small|(1893–1971)}} || rowspan=2 | [[File:Yitzhak Meir Levin.jpg|80px]] || rowspan=2 | [[Agudat Yisrael]] || rowspan=2 nowrap| 5 June 1967 || rowspan=2 nowrap| 6 August 1970 || [[Fourteenth government of Israel|14]] || rowspan=5|[[Golda Meir]]<br>{{small|([[Israeli Labor Party|Labor]]/[[Alignment (Israel)|Alignment]])}} |
| rowspan=2 | '''[[Yitzhak-Meir Levin]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|יצחק-מאיר לוין}}<br />{{small|(1893–1971)}} || rowspan=2 | [[File:Yitzhak Meir Levin.jpg|80px]] || rowspan=2 | [[Agudat Yisrael]] || rowspan=2 nowrap| 5 June 1967 || rowspan=2 nowrap| 6 August 1970 || [[Fourteenth government of Israel|14]] || rowspan=5|[[Golda Meir]]<br>{{small|([[Israeli Labor Party|Labor]]/[[Alignment (Israel)|Alignment]])}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=3 | [[Fifteenth government of Israel|15]] || rowspan=2| [[List of members of the seventh Knesset| |
| rowspan=3 | [[Fifteenth government of Israel|15]] || rowspan=2| [[List of members of the seventh Knesset|7th]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=4 style="background:{{party color|Herut}}; color:white;" | '''(3)''' |
| rowspan=4 style="background:{{party color|Herut}}; color:white;" | '''(3)''' |
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| rowspan=3 | [[Likud]]<br>{{small|[[Herut]]}} |
| rowspan=3 | [[Likud]]<br>{{small|[[Herut]]}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Sixteenth government of Israel|16]] || rowspan=2| [[List of members of the eighth Knesset| |
| [[Sixteenth government of Israel|16]] || rowspan=2| [[List of members of the eighth Knesset|8th]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Seventeenth government of Israel|17]] || [[Yitzhak Rabin]]<br>{{small|([[Israeli Labor Party|Labor]]/[[Alignment (Israel)|Alignment]])}} |
| [[Seventeenth government of Israel|17]] || [[Yitzhak Rabin]]<br>{{small|([[Israeli Labor Party|Labor]]/[[Alignment (Israel)|Alignment]])}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=3 style="background:{{party color|Israeli Labor Party}}; color:white;" | '''5''' |
| rowspan=3 style="background:{{party color|Israeli Labor Party}}; color:white;" | '''5''' |
||
| rowspan=3 | '''[[Shimon Peres]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|שמעון פרס}}<br />{{small|(1923–2016)}} || rowspan=3 | [[File:Shimon Peres (1986).jpg|80px]] || rowspan=3 | [[Alignment (political party)|Alignment]]<br>{{small|[[Israeli Labor Party|Labor Party]]}} || rowspan=3 nowrap| 20 June 1977 || rowspan=3 nowrap| 13 September 1984 || [[Eighteenth government of Israel|18]] || rowspan=2|[[Menachem Begin]]<br>{{small|([[Herut]]/[[Likud]]}} || [[List of members of the ninth Knesset| |
| rowspan=3 | '''[[Shimon Peres]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|שמעון פרס}}<br />{{small|(1923–2016)}} || rowspan=3 | [[File:Shimon Peres (1986).jpg|80px]] || rowspan=3 | [[Alignment (political party)|Alignment]]<br>{{small|[[Israeli Labor Party|Labor Party]]}} || rowspan=3 nowrap| 20 June 1977 || rowspan=3 nowrap| 13 September 1984 || [[Eighteenth government of Israel|18]] || rowspan=2|[[Menachem Begin]]<br>{{small|([[Herut]]/[[Likud]]}} || [[List of members of the ninth Knesset|9th]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Nineteenth government of Israel|19]] || rowspan=2| [[List of members of the tenth Knesset| |
| [[Nineteenth government of Israel|19]] || rowspan=2| [[List of members of the tenth Knesset|10th]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Twentieth government of Israel|20]] || [[Yitzhak Shamir]]<br>{{small|([[Herut]]/[[Likud]])}} |
| [[Twentieth government of Israel|20]] || [[Yitzhak Shamir]]<br>{{small|([[Herut]]/[[Likud]])}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=3 style="background:{{party color|Tehiya}}; color:white;" | '''6''' |
| rowspan=3 style="background:{{party color|Tehiya}}; color:white;" | '''6''' |
||
| rowspan=3 | '''[[Yuval Ne'eman]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|יובל נאמן}}<br />{{small|(1925–2006)}} || rowspan=3 | [[File:Yuval neeman (cropped).jpg|80px]] || rowspan=2 | [[Tehiya]]-[[Tzomet]]<br>{{small|[[Tehiya]]}} || rowspan=3 nowrap| 13 September 1984 || rowspan=3 nowrap| 22 December 1988 || [[Twenty-first government of Israel|21]] || [[Shimon Peres]]<br>{{small|([[Israeli Labor Party|Labor]]/[[Alignment (political party)|Alignment]])}} || rowspan=3| [[List of members of the eleventh Knesset| |
| rowspan=3 | '''[[Yuval Ne'eman]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|יובל נאמן}}<br />{{small|(1925–2006)}} || rowspan=3 | [[File:Yuval neeman (cropped).jpg|80px]] || rowspan=2 | [[Tehiya]]-[[Tzomet]]<br>{{small|[[Tehiya]]}} || rowspan=3 nowrap| 13 September 1984 || rowspan=3 nowrap| 22 December 1988 || [[Twenty-first government of Israel|21]] || [[Shimon Peres]]<br>{{small|([[Israeli Labor Party|Labor]]/[[Alignment (political party)|Alignment]])}} || rowspan=3| [[List of members of the eleventh Knesset|11th]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=2 | [[Twenty-second government of Israel|22]] || rowspan=6|[[Yitzhak Shamir]]<br>{{small|([[Herut]]/[[Likud]] |
| rowspan=2 | [[Twenty-second government of Israel|22]] || rowspan=6|[[Yitzhak Shamir]]<br>{{small|([[Herut]]/[[Likud]] 1986–1988;<br/>[[Likud]] 1988–1992}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Tehiya]] |
| [[Tehiya]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background:{{party color|Ratz (political party)}}; color:white;" | '''7''' |
| style="background:{{party color|Ratz (political party)}}; color:white;" | '''7''' |
||
| '''[[Shulamit Aloni]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|שולמית אלוני}}<br />{{small|(1928–2014)}} || [[File:Shulamit Aloni.jpg|80px]] || [[Ratz (political party)|Ratz]] || nowrap| 22 December 1988 || nowrap| 15 March 1990 || [[Twenty-third government of Israel|23]] || rowspan=4| [[List of members of the twelfth Knesset| |
| '''[[Shulamit Aloni]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|שולמית אלוני}}<br />{{small|(1928–2014)}} || [[File:Shulamit Aloni.jpg|80px]] || [[Ratz (political party)|Ratz]] || nowrap| 22 December 1988 || nowrap| 15 March 1990 || [[Twenty-third government of Israel|23]] || rowspan=4| [[List of members of the twelfth Knesset|12th]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=2 style="background:{{party color|Israeli Labor Party}}; color:white;" | '''(5)''' |
| rowspan=2 style="background:{{party color|Israeli Labor Party}}; color:white;" | '''(5)''' |
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|- |
|- |
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| style="background:{{party color|Likud}}; color:white;" | '''9''' |
| style="background:{{party color|Likud}}; color:white;" | '''9''' |
||
| '''[[Yitzhak Shamir]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|יצחק שמיר}}<br />{{small|(1915–2012)}} || [[File:Flickr - Government Press Office (GPO) - HADERA ABSORPTION CENTER (cropped).jpg|80px]] || rowspan=3 | [[Likud]] || nowrap| 13 July 1992 || nowrap| 24 March 1993 || rowspan=2 | [[Twenty-fifth government of Israel|25]] || rowspan=2| [[Yitzhak Rabin]]<br>{{small|([[Israeli Labor Party|Labor]])}} || rowspan=4| [[List of members of the thirteenth Knesset| |
| '''[[Yitzhak Shamir]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|יצחק שמיר}}<br />{{small|(1915–2012)}} || [[File:Flickr - Government Press Office (GPO) - HADERA ABSORPTION CENTER (cropped).jpg|80px]] || rowspan=3 | [[Likud]] || nowrap| 13 July 1992 || nowrap| 24 March 1993 || rowspan=2 | [[Twenty-fifth government of Israel|25]] || rowspan=2| [[Yitzhak Rabin]]<br>{{small|([[Israeli Labor Party|Labor]])}} || rowspan=4| [[List of members of the thirteenth Knesset|13th]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=3 style="background:{{party color|Likud}}; color:white;" | '''10''' |
| rowspan=3 style="background:{{party color|Likud}}; color:white;" | '''10''' |
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|- |
|- |
||
| style="background:{{party color|Israeli Labor Party}}; color:white;" | '''(5)''' |
| style="background:{{party color|Israeli Labor Party}}; color:white;" | '''(5)''' |
||
| '''[[Shimon Peres]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|שמעון פרס}}<br />{{small|(1923–2016)}} || [[File:Shimon Peres 1999.jpg|80px]] || [[Israeli Labor Party|Labor Party]] || nowrap| 18 June 1996 || nowrap| 1 July 1997 || rowspan=3 | [[Twenty-seventh government of Israel|27]] || rowspan=3| [[Benjamin Netanyahu]]<br>{{small|([[Likud]])}} || rowspan=3| [[List of members of the fourteenth Knesset| |
| '''[[Shimon Peres]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|שמעון פרס}}<br />{{small|(1923–2016)}} || [[File:Shimon Peres 1999.jpg|80px]] || [[Israeli Labor Party|Labor Party]] || nowrap| 18 June 1996 || nowrap| 1 July 1997 || rowspan=3 | [[Twenty-seventh government of Israel|27]] || rowspan=3| [[Benjamin Netanyahu]]<br>{{small|([[Likud]])}} || rowspan=3| [[List of members of the fourteenth Knesset|14th]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=2 style="background:{{party color|Israeli Labor Party}}; color:white;" | '''11''' |
| rowspan=2 style="background:{{party color|Israeli Labor Party}}; color:white;" | '''11''' |
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Line 130: | Line 131: | ||
| style="background:{{party color|Likud}}; color:white;" | '''12''' |
| style="background:{{party color|Likud}}; color:white;" | '''12''' |
||
| '''[[Ariel Sharon]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|אריאל שרון}}<br />{{small|(1928–2014)}} ||[[File:Ariel Sharon 2001.jpg|80px]] || [[Likud]] || nowrap| 6 July 1999 || nowrap| 30 July 2000 || [[Twenty-eighth government of Israel|28]] || [[Ehud Barak]]<br>{{small|([[Israeli Labor Party|Labor]])}} |
| '''[[Ariel Sharon]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|אריאל שרון}}<br />{{small|(1928–2014)}} ||[[File:Ariel Sharon 2001.jpg|80px]] || [[Likud]] || nowrap| 6 July 1999 || nowrap| 30 July 2000 || [[Twenty-eighth government of Israel|28]] || [[Ehud Barak]]<br>{{small|([[Israeli Labor Party|Labor]])}} |
||
|| [[List of members of the fourteenth Knesset| |
|| [[List of members of the fourteenth Knesset|15th]] |
||
|} |
|} |
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=== Designated Opposition Leaders === |
=== Designated Opposition Leaders === |
||
After Amendment 8 to the "Knesset law" of 1994 was passed, the Leader of the Opposition became |
After Amendment 8 to the "Knesset law" of 1994 was passed, the Leader of the Opposition became an official position held by the leader of the largest faction within the opposition. |
||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
||
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! Term start |
! Term start |
||
! Term end |
! Term end |
||
! Government(s) |
! Government(s)<br/>opposed |
||
! Prime minister(s) |
! Prime minister(s)<br/>opposed |
||
! Knesset |
! Knesset |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background:{{party color|Likud}}; color:white;" | '''12''' |
| style="background:{{party color|Likud}}; color:white;" | '''12''' |
||
| '''[[Ariel Sharon]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|אריאל שרון}}<br />{{small|(1928–2014)}} || [[File:Ariel Sharon 2001.jpg|80px]] || [[Likud]] || nowrap| 31 July 2000 || nowrap| 7 March 2001 || [[Twenty-eighth government of Israel|28]] || [[Ehud Barak]]<br>{{small|([[Israeli Labor Party|Labor]])}} || rowspan=3| [[List of members of the fifteenth Knesset| |
| '''[[Ariel Sharon]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|אריאל שרון}}<br />{{small|(1928–2014)}} || [[File:Ariel Sharon 2001.jpg|80px]] || [[Likud]] || nowrap| 31 July 2000 || nowrap| 7 March 2001 || [[Twenty-eighth government of Israel|28]] || [[Ehud Barak]]<br>{{small|([[Israeli Labor Party|Labor]])}} || rowspan=3| [[List of members of the fifteenth Knesset|15th]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background:{{party color|Meretz}}; color:white;" | '''13''' |
| style="background:{{party color|Meretz}}; color:white;" | '''13''' |
||
| '''[[Yossi Sarid]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|יוסי שריד}}<br />{{small|(1940–2015)}} || [[File:Yossi Sarid.JPG|80px]] || [[Meretz]] || nowrap| 7 March 2001 || nowrap| 4 November 2002 || rowspan=2 | [[Twenty-ninth government of Israel|29]] || rowspan=9| [[Ariel Sharon]]<br>{{small|([[Likud]] |
| '''[[Yossi Sarid]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|יוסי שריד}}<br />{{small|(1940–2015)}} || [[File:Yossi Sarid.JPG|80px]] || [[Meretz]] || nowrap| 7 March 2001 || nowrap| 4 November 2002 || rowspan=2 | [[Twenty-ninth government of Israel|29]] || rowspan=9| [[Ariel Sharon]]<br>{{small|([[Likud]] 2001–2005;<br/>[[Kadima]] 2005–2006)}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=2 style="background:{{party color|Israeli Labor Party}}; color:white;" | '''14''' |
| rowspan=2 style="background:{{party color|Israeli Labor Party}}; color:white;" | '''14''' |
||
| rowspan=2|'''[[Binyamin Ben-Eliezer]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|בנימין בן אליעזר}}<br />{{small|(1936–2016)}} || rowspan=2| [[File:סיור שר הביטחון בנימין בן אליעזר בחיל האוויר (cropped).jpg|80px]] || rowspan=2| [[Israeli Labor Party|Labor Party]] || rowspan=2 nowrap| 4 November 2002 || rowspan=2 nowrap| 12 March 2003 |
| rowspan=2|'''[[Binyamin Ben-Eliezer]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|בנימין בן אליעזר}}<br />{{small|(1936–2016)}} || rowspan=2| [[File:סיור שר הביטחון בנימין בן אליעזר בחיל האוויר (cropped).jpg|80px]] || rowspan=2| [[Israeli Labor Party|Labor Party]] || rowspan=2 nowrap| 4 November 2002 || rowspan=2 nowrap| 12 March 2003 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| rowspan=7 | [[Thirtieth government of Israel|30]] || rowspan=7| [[List of members of the sixteenth Knesset| |
| rowspan=7 | [[Thirtieth government of Israel|30]] || rowspan=7| [[List of members of the sixteenth Knesset|16th]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background:{{party color|Israeli Labor Party}}; color:white;" | '''15''' |
| style="background:{{party color|Israeli Labor Party}}; color:white;" | '''15''' |
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Line 168: | Line 169: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background:{{party color|Shinui}}; color:white;" | '''17''' |
| style="background:{{party color|Shinui}}; color:white;" | '''17''' |
||
| '''[[Tommy Lapid|Yosef Lapid]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|יוסף לפיד}}<br />{{small|(1931–2008)}} || [[File:Tommy Lapid |
| '''[[Tommy Lapid|Yosef Lapid]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|יוסף לפיד}}<br />{{small|(1931–2008)}} || [[File:Tommy Lapid in 2008.jpg|80px]] || [[Shinui]] || nowrap| 10 January 2005 || nowrap| 23 November 2005 |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background:{{party color|Israeli Labor Party}}; color:white;" | '''18''' |
| style="background:{{party color|Israeli Labor Party}}; color:white;" | '''18''' |
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Line 176: | Line 177: | ||
| rowspan=2 | '''[[Benjamin Netanyahu]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|בנימין נתניהו}}<br />{{small|(born 1949)}} || rowspan=2 | [[File:Benjamin Netanyahu portrait.jpg|80px]] || rowspan=2 | [[Likud]] || nowrap| 16 January 2006 || 17 April 2006 |
| rowspan=2 | '''[[Benjamin Netanyahu]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|בנימין נתניהו}}<br />{{small|(born 1949)}} || rowspan=2 | [[File:Benjamin Netanyahu portrait.jpg|80px]] || rowspan=2 | [[Likud]] || nowrap| 16 January 2006 || 17 April 2006 |
||
|- |
|- |
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| nowrap| 17 April 2006 || 31 March 2009 || [[Thirty-first government of Israel|31]] || [[Ehud Olmert]]<br>{{small|([[Kadima]])}} || [[List of members of the seventeenth Knesset| |
| nowrap| 17 April 2006 || 31 March 2009 || [[Thirty-first government of Israel|31]] || [[Ehud Olmert]]<br>{{small|([[Kadima]])}} || [[List of members of the seventeenth Knesset|17th]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| style="background:{{party color|Kadima}}; color:white;" |'''19''' |
| style="background:{{party color|Kadima}}; color:white;" |'''19''' |
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| '''[[Tzipi Livni]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|ציפי לבני}}<br />{{small|(born 1958)}} || [[File:Tzipi Livni 2.JPG|80px]] || [[Kadima]] || nowrap| 6 April 2009 || nowrap| 2 April 2012 || rowspan=5 | [[Thirty-second government of Israel|32]] || rowspan="14" | [[Benjamin Netanyahu]]<br>{{small|([[Likud]])}} || rowspan=4| [[List of members of the eighteenth Knesset| |
| '''[[Tzipi Livni]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|ציפי לבני}}<br />{{small|(born 1958)}} || [[File:Tzipi Livni 2.JPG|80px]] || [[Kadima]] || nowrap| 6 April 2009 || nowrap| 2 April 2012 || rowspan=5 | [[Thirty-second government of Israel|32]] || rowspan="14" | [[Benjamin Netanyahu]]<br>{{small|([[Likud]])}} || rowspan=4| [[List of members of the eighteenth Knesset|18th]] |
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|- |
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| style="background:{{party color|Kadima}}; color:white;" |'''20''' |
| style="background:{{party color|Kadima}}; color:white;" |'''20''' |
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| rowspan=2| '''[[Shelly Yachimovich]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|שלי יחימוביץ׳}}<br />{{small|(born 1960)}} || rowspan=2| [[File:שלי.jpg|80px]] || rowspan="3" |[[Israeli Labor Party|Labor Party]] || rowspan=2 nowrap| 5 February 2013 || rowspan=2 nowrap| 25 November 2013 |
| rowspan=2| '''[[Shelly Yachimovich]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|שלי יחימוביץ׳}}<br />{{small|(born 1960)}} || rowspan=2| [[File:שלי.jpg|80px]] || rowspan="3" |[[Israeli Labor Party|Labor Party]] || rowspan=2 nowrap| 5 February 2013 || rowspan=2 nowrap| 25 November 2013 |
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|- |
|- |
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| rowspan="3" | [[Thirty-third government of Israel|33]] || rowspan="3" | [[List of members of the nineteenth Knesset| |
| rowspan="3" | [[Thirty-third government of Israel|33]] || rowspan="3" | [[List of members of the nineteenth Knesset|19th]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| rowspan=3 style="background:{{party color|Israeli Labor Party}}; color:white;" |'''22''' |
| rowspan=3 style="background:{{party color|Israeli Labor Party}}; color:white;" |'''22''' |
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| nowrap| 14 May 2015 || nowrap| 31 July 2018 |
| nowrap| 14 May 2015 || nowrap| 31 July 2018 |
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| rowspan="5" |[[Thirty-fourth government of Israel|34]]|| rowspan="3" | [[List of members of the twentieth Knesset| |
| rowspan="5" |[[Thirty-fourth government of Israel|34]]|| rowspan="3" | [[List of members of the twentieth Knesset|20th]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| style="background:{{party color|Hatnuah}}; color:white;" |'''(19)''' |
| style="background:{{party color|Hatnuah}}; color:white;" |'''(19)''' |
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| rowspan=2| '''[[Shelly Yachimovich]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|שלי יחימוביץ׳}}<br />{{small|(born 1960)}} || rowspan=2| [[File:שלי.jpg|80px]] || rowspan=2| [[Israeli Labor Party|Labor Party]] || rowspan=2 nowrap| 1 January 2019 || rowspan=2 nowrap| 30 April 2019 |
| rowspan=2| '''[[Shelly Yachimovich]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|שלי יחימוביץ׳}}<br />{{small|(born 1960)}} || rowspan=2| [[File:שלי.jpg|80px]] || rowspan=2| [[Israeli Labor Party|Labor Party]] || rowspan=2 nowrap| 1 January 2019 || rowspan=2 nowrap| 30 April 2019 |
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|rowspan=2| [[List of members of the twenty-first Knesset| |
|rowspan=2| [[List of members of the twenty-first Knesset|21st]]<br/>[[List of members of the twenty-second Knesset|22nd]] |
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| style="background:#003BA3; color:white;" |'''23''' |
| style="background:#003BA3; color:white;" |'''23''' |
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| '''[[Yair Lapid]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|יאיר לפיד}}<br />{{small|(born 1963)}} || [[File:Yair Lapid 2021 (cropped).jpg|80px]] || [[Yesh Atid]]|| nowrap| 17 May 2020 || nowrap| 6 April 2021 || [[Thirty-fifth government of Israel|35]] || [[List of members of the twenty-third Knesset| |
| '''[[Yair Lapid]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|יאיר לפיד}}<br />{{small|(born 1963)}} || [[File:Yair Lapid 2021 (cropped).jpg|80px]] || [[Yesh Atid]]|| nowrap| 17 May 2020 || nowrap| 6 April 2021 || [[Thirty-fifth government of Israel|35]] || [[List of members of the twenty-third Knesset|23rd]] |
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|- |
|- |
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| style="background:#1F5AA5; color:white;" | '''(10)''' |
| style="background:#1F5AA5; color:white;" | '''(10)''' |
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| '''[[Benjamin Netanyahu]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|בנימין נתניהו}}<br />{{small|(born 1949)}} || [[File:Benyamin Netanyahu, Aug. 2019 (48598784726) (cropped) 2.jpg|80px]] || [[Likud]] || nowrap| 28 June 2021 || nowrap| |
| '''[[Benjamin Netanyahu]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|בנימין נתניהו}}<br />{{small|(born 1949)}} || [[File:Benyamin Netanyahu, Aug. 2019 (48598784726) (cropped) 2.jpg|80px]] || [[Likud]] || nowrap| 28 June 2021 || nowrap| 29 December 2022 || [[Thirty-sixth government of Israel|36]] || [[Naftali Bennett]]<br>{{small|([[Yamina]]/[[New Right (Israel)|New Right]])}}<br>[[Yair Lapid]]<br/>{{small|([[Yesh Atid]])}} || [[List of members of the twenty-fourth Knesset|24th]] |
||
|- |
|||
| style="background:#003BA3; color:white;" |'''(23)''' |
|||
| '''[[Yair Lapid]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|יאיר לפיד}}<br />{{small|(born 1963)}} || [[File:Israeli Opposition Leader Yair Lapid in November 2023 - (53307089636) (cropped).jpg|80px]] || [[Yesh Atid]]|| nowrap| 2 January 2023 || nowrap| Present || [[Thirty-seventh government of Israel|37]] |
|||
|| [[Benjamin Netanyahu]]<br>{{small|([[Likud]])}} |
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|| [[List of members of the twenty-fifth Knesset|25th]] |
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[[Category:Leaders of the Opposition (Israel)| ]] |
[[Category:Leaders of the Opposition (Israel)| ]] |
Latest revision as of 09:26, 29 November 2024
Leader of the Opposition | |
---|---|
רֹאשׁ הַאוֹפּוֹזִיצְיָה Rosh Ha-Opozitzya | |
Term length | While leader of the largest political party in the Knesset that is not in government |
First holder | Meir Ya'ari |
Part of a series on the |
Israel portal |
In Israel, the Leader of the Opposition (Hebrew: רֹאשׁ הַאוֹפּוֹזִיצְיָה, Rosh HaOpozitzya) is the politician who leads the Official Opposition in the Knesset, the Israeli parliament. The Leader of the Opposition is, by convention, the leader of the largest political party in the Knesset that is not in (or supports) the government.
History
[edit]This section needs additional citations for verification. (December 2020) |
Informal role, until 2000
[edit]Until 2000, the role of the Opposition Leader was not an official position, but rather an honorary role. The Leader of the Opposition was the leader of the largest party not in government.
Even with the absence of a law defining the role of the Opposition Leader, it was customary for the Prime Minister to hold regular meetings with the leader of the largest opposition party. However, this was done only at the prerogative of the Prime Minister.
Formalised role, post-2000
[edit]In early 2000, two bills to amend the Opposition Leader's status were submitted to the Knesset, one by the government and one by MK Uzi Landau. The bills were merged into one amendment, and on 17 July 2000, the Knesset approved Amendment 8 to the "Knesset Law" of 1994, adding chapter 6 that outlined the role of the Leader of the Opposition.[2] The law stipulates the selection of the Opposition Leader, the method of their replacement, regulates their ceremonial role in various official events, and obliges the prime minister to update them once a month. The law also stipulates that the Opposition Leader's salary will be determined by Knesset committee, and shall not be lower than a salary of a Cabinet minister.
List of Opposition leaders
[edit]Leaders of the largest opposition party
[edit]Name (Birth–Death) |
Portrait | Party | Term start | Term end | Government(s) opposed |
Prime minister(s) opposed |
Knesset | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Meir Ya'ari מאיר יערי (1897–1987) |
Mapam | 10 March 1949 | 8 October 1951 | 1 | David Ben-Gurion (Mapai) |
1st | |
2 | ||||||||
2 | Peretz Bernstein פרץ ברנשטיין (1890–1971) |
General Zionists | 8 October 1951 | 24 December 1952 | 3 | 2nd | ||
(1) | Meir Ya'ari מאיר יערי (1897–1987) |
Mapam | 24 December 1952 | 29 June 1955 | 4 | |||
5 | Moshe Sharett (Mapai) | |||||||
(2) | Peretz Bernstein פרץ ברנשטיין (1890–1971) |
General Zionists | 29 June 1955 | 3 November 1955 | 6 | |||
3 | Menachem Begin מנחם בגין (1913–1992) |
Herut | 3 November 1955 | 5 June 1967 | 7 | David Ben-Gurion (Mapai) |
3rd | |
8 | ||||||||
9 | 4th | |||||||
10 | 5th | |||||||
11 | Levi Eshkol (Mapai 1963–1966; Mapai/Labor Alignment 1966–1967) | |||||||
12 | ||||||||
Gahal Herut |
13 | 6th | ||||||
4 | Yitzhak-Meir Levin יצחק-מאיר לוין (1893–1971) |
Agudat Yisrael | 5 June 1967 | 6 August 1970 | 14 | Golda Meir (Labor/Alignment) | ||
15 | 7th | |||||||
(3) | Menachem Begin מנחם בגין (1913–1992) |
Gahal Herut |
6 August 1970 | 20 June 1977 | ||||
Likud Herut | ||||||||
16 | 8th | |||||||
17 | Yitzhak Rabin (Labor/Alignment) | |||||||
5 | Shimon Peres שמעון פרס (1923–2016) |
Alignment Labor Party |
20 June 1977 | 13 September 1984 | 18 | Menachem Begin (Herut/Likud |
9th | |
19 | 10th | |||||||
20 | Yitzhak Shamir (Herut/Likud) | |||||||
6 | Yuval Ne'eman יובל נאמן (1925–2006) |
Tehiya-Tzomet Tehiya |
13 September 1984 | 22 December 1988 | 21 | Shimon Peres (Labor/Alignment) |
11th | |
22 | Yitzhak Shamir (Herut/Likud 1986–1988; Likud 1988–1992 | |||||||
Tehiya | ||||||||
7 | Shulamit Aloni שולמית אלוני (1928–2014) |
Ratz | 22 December 1988 | 15 March 1990 | 23 | 12th | ||
(5) | Shimon Peres שמעון פרס (1923–2016) |
Alignment Labor Party |
15 March 1990 | February 1992 | 24 | |||
Labor Party | ||||||||
8 | Yitzhak Rabin יִצְחָק רַבִּין (1922–1995) |
February 1992 | 13 July 1992 | |||||
9 | Yitzhak Shamir יצחק שמיר (1915–2012) |
Likud | 13 July 1992 | 24 March 1993 | 25 | Yitzhak Rabin (Labor) |
13th | |
10 | Benjamin Netanyahu בנימין נתניהו (born 1949) |
24 March 1993 | 18 June 1996 | |||||
26 | Shimon Peres (Labor) | |||||||
Likud-Gesher-Tzomet Likud | ||||||||
(5) | Shimon Peres שמעון פרס (1923–2016) |
Labor Party | 18 June 1996 | 1 July 1997 | 27 | Benjamin Netanyahu (Likud) |
14th | |
11 | Ehud Barak אהוד ברק (born 1942) |
Labor Party | 1 July 1997 | 6 July 1999 | ||||
One Israel Labor Party | ||||||||
12 | Ariel Sharon אריאל שרון (1928–2014) |
Likud | 6 July 1999 | 30 July 2000 | 28 | Ehud Barak (Labor) |
15th |
Designated Opposition Leaders
[edit]After Amendment 8 to the "Knesset law" of 1994 was passed, the Leader of the Opposition became an official position held by the leader of the largest faction within the opposition.
Name (Birth–Death) |
Portrait | Party | Term start | Term end | Government(s) opposed |
Prime minister(s) opposed |
Knesset | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
12 | Ariel Sharon אריאל שרון (1928–2014) |
Likud | 31 July 2000 | 7 March 2001 | 28 | Ehud Barak (Labor) |
15th | |
13 | Yossi Sarid יוסי שריד (1940–2015) |
Meretz | 7 March 2001 | 4 November 2002 | 29 | Ariel Sharon (Likud 2001–2005; Kadima 2005–2006) | ||
14 | Binyamin Ben-Eliezer בנימין בן אליעזר (1936–2016) |
Labor Party | 4 November 2002 | 12 March 2003 | ||||
30 | 16th | |||||||
15 | Amram Mitzna עמרם מצנע (born 1945) |
Labor-Meimad Labor Party |
12 March 2003 | 13 May 2003 | ||||
16 | Dalia Itzik דליה איציק (born 1952) |
13 May 2003 | 25 June 2003 | |||||
(5) | Shimon Peres שמעון פרס (1923–2016) |
25 June 2003 | 10 January 2005 | |||||
17 | Yosef Lapid יוסף לפיד (1931–2008) |
Shinui | 10 January 2005 | 23 November 2005 | ||||
18 | Amir Peretz עמיר פרץ (born 1952) |
Labor-Meimad Labor Party |
23 November 2005 | 16 January 2006 | ||||
(10) | Benjamin Netanyahu בנימין נתניהו (born 1949) |
Likud | 16 January 2006 | 17 April 2006 | ||||
17 April 2006 | 31 March 2009 | 31 | Ehud Olmert (Kadima) |
17th | ||||
19 | Tzipi Livni ציפי לבני (born 1958) |
Kadima | 6 April 2009 | 2 April 2012 | 32 | Benjamin Netanyahu (Likud) |
18th | |
20 | Shaul Mofaz שאול מופז (born 1948) |
Kadima | 2 April 2012 | 9 May 2012 | ||||
21 | Shelly Yachimovich שלי יחימוביץ׳ (born 1960) |
Labor Party | 9 May 2012 | 23 July 2012 | ||||
(20) | Shaul Mofaz שאול מופז (born 1948) |
Kadima | 23 July 2012 | 5 February 2013 | ||||
(21) | Shelly Yachimovich שלי יחימוביץ׳ (born 1960) |
Labor Party | 5 February 2013 | 25 November 2013 | ||||
33 | 19th | |||||||
22 | Isaac Herzog יצחק הרצוג (1960–) |
25 November 2013 | 14 May 2015 | |||||
Zionist Union Labor Party | ||||||||
14 May 2015 | 31 July 2018 | 34 | 20th | |||||
(19) | Tzipi Livni ציפי לבני (born 1958) |
Zionist Union Hatnuah |
1 August 2018 | 1 January 2019 | ||||
(21) | Shelly Yachimovich שלי יחימוביץ׳ (born 1960) |
Labor Party | 1 January 2019 | 30 April 2019 | ||||
21st 22nd | ||||||||
Vacant de jure, Benny Gantz de facto | 30 April 2019 | 17 May 2020 | ||||||
23 | Yair Lapid יאיר לפיד (born 1963) |
Yesh Atid | 17 May 2020 | 6 April 2021 | 35 | 23rd | ||
(10) | Benjamin Netanyahu בנימין נתניהו (born 1949) |
Likud | 28 June 2021 | 29 December 2022 | 36 | Naftali Bennett (Yamina/New Right) Yair Lapid (Yesh Atid) |
24th | |
(23) | Yair Lapid יאיר לפיד (born 1963) |
Yesh Atid | 2 January 2023 | Present | 37 | Benjamin Netanyahu (Likud) |
25th |
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Leader of the Opposition Knesset
- ^ "Leader of the Opposition". knesset.gov.il. 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
External links
[edit]- Chapter 6: Leader of the Opposition, The Knesset law of 1994 Wikisource (in Hebrew)