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{{Short description|Yugoslav politician and collaborationist with the Axis}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox Officeholder
{{Infobox Officeholder
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| birth_place = [[Pinosava]], [[Kingdom of Serbia]]
| birth_place = [[Pinosava]], [[Kingdom of Serbia]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1945|05|25|1898|05|30|df=yes}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1945|05|25|1898|05|30|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Zelengora]], [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]]<br>{{small|(now [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]])}}
| death_place = [[Zelengora]], [[Democratic Federal Yugoslavia]]<br>{{small|(now [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]])}}
| death_cause =
| death_cause =
| restingplace =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| allegiance = {{flag|Kingdom of Yugoslavia}}<br/>{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Government of National Salvation (occupied Yugoslavia).svg}} [[Government of National Salvation]]<br/>{{flag|Nazi Germany}}<br>{{flagicon image|Chetniks_Flag.svg}} [[Chetniks]]
| allegiance = {{flag|Kingdom of Yugoslavia}}<br/>{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Government of National Salvation (occupied Yugoslavia).svg}} [[Government of National Salvation]]<br/>{{flag|Nazi Germany}}<br />{{flagicon image|Chetniks_Flag.svg}} [[Chetniks]]<br />
| party = [[Yugoslav Radical Union]]
| party = [[Yugoslav Radical Union]]
| spouse =
| spouse =
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| footnotes =
| footnotes =
}}
}}
⚫
'''Milan Aćimović''' ({{lang-sr-Cyrl|Милан Аћимовић}}; 31 May 1898 &ndash; 25 May 1945) was a Yugoslav politician and [[Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy|collaborationist]] with the [[Axis powers|Axis]] in [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] during [[World War II]].

⚫
'''Milan Aćimović''' ({{lang-sr-Cyrl|Милан Аћимовић}}; 31 May 1898 &ndash; 25 May 1945) was a Serbian politician and collaborationist with the [[Axis powers|Axis]] in [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] during [[World War II]].


==Early life==
==Early life==
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== World War II ==
== World War II ==


In April 1941, [[Reinhard Heydrich]] came to [[Belgrade]] and gave instructions to find loyal collaborators among [[Serbs]] and to rely on high police officers Milan Aćimović and [[Dragi Jovanović]], with whom Heydrich already worked with. Besides Aćimović and Jovanović, German politics was supported by [[Dimitrije Ljotić]], leader of the organisation [[Zbor]]. The Germans preferred Aćimović over Ljotić, as he was a security expert and was not ideologically burdened like Ljotić.{{sfn|Petranović|1992|p=134}} The [[Commissioner Government]] was formed by the end of April by the decision of [[Harald Turner]] and [[Helmuth Förster]] with Aćimović as President of Government and Commissioner of Interior. The government did not even have the status of [[Quisling]] government, but rather of an auxiliary organisation to the German military administration of the [[Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia|Military Commander in Serbia]].{{sfn|Petranović|1992|p=135}}{{sfn|Tomasevich|2001|p=178}} Aćimović tried to maintain the existing state apparatus, but he had to replace officials who were not Serbs or who had left the country, as well as firing those suspected of being anti-German. On 13 July 1941, he ordered a decree to arrest family members of [[Yugoslav partisans|communists]] on the run, specifically wives and sons over 16, or if they did not have children, fathers and brothers younger than 60 only if they live together.{{sfn|Radanović|2016|p=293}} Aćimović stayed in this position until August of 1941, when the government was taken over by [[Milan Nedić]]. The Germans who were unhappy with unrest in Serbia realised that the Commissioner Government was unpopular with the people and without any authority.{{sfn|Tomasevich|2001|p=178}} The government was also divided between supporters of Ljotić and former allies of [[Milan Stojadinović]], led by Aćimović himself.{{sfn|Borković|1979|p=79}} The Commissioner Government collapsed after Ljotić withdrew two of his ministers from the government.{{sfn|Borković|1979|p=80}} However, Aćimović entered [[Government of National Salvation (Serbia)|Nedić's government]] as minister of interior.{{sfn|Petranović|1992|p=219}}
{{unsourced|section|date=December 2015}}

On 30 May 1941, a few weeks after the [[Axis invasion of Yugoslavia]], Aćimović formed the first puppet government in Serbia, called the [[Commissioner Government]]. He was the leader of the government until 29 August of that year when it was dissolved.


As both head of Commissioner Government and as Minister of Interior in Nedić's government, Aćimović maintained relations with [[Draža Mihailović]]'s [[Chetniks|movement]]. Even though he knew about the Belgrade branch of Mihailović's movement, he did not take any actions against them.{{sfn|Tomasevich|2001|p=178}} In December of 1941 he warned Mihailović about the upcoming [[Operation Mihailovic|operation against him]]. The Germans found out about this contact, which put Nedić in a difficult position. Nedić succeeded in convincing the Germans that he knew nothing and banned Aćimović from meddling in the Mihailović issue.{{sfn|Tomasevich|2001|p=215}} Aćimović was replaced by [[Tanasije Dinić]] as Interior Minister on 10 November 1942 because of his connections to the [[Chetniks]], whom the Germans did not yet consider necessary or reliable allies in the fight against the [[Yugoslav Partisans]]. {{sfn|Tomasevich|2001|p=185}}
Aćimović's puppet government was replaced by another puppet government, the [[Government of National Salvation (Serbia)|Government of National Salvation]], headed by former general [[Milan Nedić]]. In this government, Aćimović served as minister of the interior. He was sympathetic toward the [[Chetniks]] of [[Draža Mihailović]] and maintained close contact with Mihailović. The Germans suspected that Aćimović warned Mihailović of the launching of [[Operation Mihailovic]], which was conducted over 6–7 December 1941. The warning, apparently given the day before the offensive began, enabled Mihailović to escape. In January 1942, he visited Serbian prisoners in the [[Osnabrück]] concentration camp in [[Nazi Germany]].


After the expulsion of Germans from Serbia in October 1944, Aćimović became a connection between the German envoy for the Balkans [[Hermann Neubacher]] and Mihailović. For that purpose he came to Mihailović's headquarters while he was in Bosnia. He died in the [[Battle of Zelengora]] while he was retreating from the partisans with the Chetniks.{{sfn|Borković|1979b|p=369}}
Despite these actions and the Germans’ suspicions, Aćimović managed to stay on good terms with them, even meeting with Mihailović in March 1942 with German permission. On 10 November 1942, Aćimović was replaced as minister of interior by Colonel Tanasije Dinić, who was seen as more anti-Mihailović. After his replacement and the expulsion of the Germans from Serbia in October 1944, Aćimović acted as liaison between Mihailović and German Envoy [[Hermann Neubacher]] in Vienna.

After the German administration in Serbia fell, Aćimović joined a Chetnik column. He was killed by [[Yugoslav Partisans]] at the [[Battle of Zelengora]] in May 1945.


==Notes==
==Notes==
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| location = [[Zagreb]]
| location = [[Zagreb]]
| oclc = 486883834
| oclc = 486883834
⚫
| ref = harv
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
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| url = https://archive.org/details/serbiassecretwar0000cohe
| url = https://archive.org/details/serbiassecretwar0000cohe
| url-access = registration
| url-access = registration
⚫
| ref = harv
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
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| location = [[Cambridge]]
| location = [[Cambridge]]
| isbn = 978-1-85207-950-5
| isbn = 978-1-85207-950-5
⚫
| ref = harv
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
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| isbn = 978-0-253-34656-8
| isbn = 978-0-253-34656-8
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=FTw3lEqi2-oC
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=FTw3lEqi2-oC
⚫
| ref = harv
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
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| isbn = 978-0-8047-0857-9
| isbn = 978-0-8047-0857-9
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=yoCaAAAAIAAJ
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=yoCaAAAAIAAJ
⚫
| ref = harv
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
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| location = [[Stanford, California]]
| location = [[Stanford, California]]
| isbn = 978-0-8047-3615-2
| isbn = 978-0-8047-3615-2
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=fqUSGevFe5MC&printsec=frontcover
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=fqUSGevFe5MC
}}
⚫
| ref = harv
* {{cite book
| last = Petranović
| first = Branko
| authorlink = Branko Petranović
⚫
| year = 1992
| title = Srbija u Drugom svetskom ratu 1939—1945
| publisher = Vojnoizdavački i novinski centar
| location = [[Belgrade]]
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Borković
⚫
| first = Milan
⚫
| year = 1979
| title = Kvinsliška uprava u Srbiji 1941—1944 (knjiga 1)
| location = [[Belgrade]]
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Borković
⚫
| first = Milan
⚫
| year = 1979b
| title = Kvinsliška uprava u Srbiji 1941—1944 (knjiga 2)
| location = [[Belgrade]]
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Radanović
| first = Milan
⚫
| year = 2016
| title = Kazna i Zločin: Snage kolaboracije u Srbiji
| publisher = Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung
| location = [[Belgrade]]
}}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}

{{commons category|Milan Aćimović}}


{{Cabinet Aćimović}}
{{Cabinet Aćimović}}
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[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:1945 deaths]]
[[Category:1945 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Belgrade]]
[[Category:Politicians from Belgrade]]
[[Category:People from the Kingdom of Serbia]]
[[Category:People from the Kingdom of Serbia]]
[[Category:Serbian nationalists]]
[[Category:Serbian nationalists]]
[[Category:Serbian people of World War II]]
[[Category:Yugoslav civilians killed in World War II]]
[[Category:Government ministers of Serbia]]
[[Category:Interior ministers of Yugoslavia]]
[[Category:Serbian collaborators with Nazi Germany]]
[[Category:Serbian collaborators with Nazi Germany]]
[[Category:People killed by Yugoslav Partisans]]
[[Category:People killed by Yugoslav Partisans]]
[[Category:Yugoslav Radical Union politicians]]
[[Category:Yugoslav Radical Union politicians]]
[[Category:Chetnik personnel of World War II]]

Latest revision as of 10:36, 29 November 2024

Milan Aćimović
Minister of Internal Affairs of the Government of National Salvation
In office
29 August 1941 – 10 November 1942
Preceded byNone
Succeeded byTanasije Dinić
Head of the Council of Commissioners Interior of the Commissioner Government
In office
30 April 1941 – 29 August 1941
Preceded byNone
Succeeded byMilan Nedić as Prime Minister
Personal details
Born30 May 1898
Pinosava, Kingdom of Serbia
Died25 May 1945(1945-05-25) (aged 46)
Zelengora, Democratic Federal Yugoslavia
(now Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Political partyYugoslav Radical Union
ProfessionPolitician
Military service
Allegiance Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Government of National Salvation
 Nazi Germany
Chetniks

Milan Aćimović (Serbian Cyrillic: Милан Аћимовић; 31 May 1898 – 25 May 1945) was a Yugoslav politician and collaborationist with the Axis in Yugoslavia during World War II.

Early life

[edit]

Milan Aćimović was born on 31 May 1898 in Pinosava, in the Belgrade municipality of Voždovac. He finished gymnasium in Belgrade and received a law degree from the University of Belgrade in 1923.[1] On 2 September 1935, he and Velibor Jonić successfully petitioned the Ministry of Interior to legalize the Yugoslav National Movement (Zbor).[2] He became the chief of police in Belgrade in 1938 and was appointed Minister of Interior by Milan Stojadinović on 21 December 1938. He held this position until 5 February 1939. In April 1939, he was arrested alongside Stojadinović and was detained until August 1940.[1][3]

World War II

[edit]

In April 1941, Reinhard Heydrich came to Belgrade and gave instructions to find loyal collaborators among Serbs and to rely on high police officers Milan Aćimović and Dragi Jovanović, with whom Heydrich already worked with. Besides Aćimović and Jovanović, German politics was supported by Dimitrije Ljotić, leader of the organisation Zbor. The Germans preferred Aćimović over Ljotić, as he was a security expert and was not ideologically burdened like Ljotić.[4] The Commissioner Government was formed by the end of April by the decision of Harald Turner and Helmuth Förster with Aćimović as President of Government and Commissioner of Interior. The government did not even have the status of Quisling government, but rather of an auxiliary organisation to the German military administration of the Military Commander in Serbia.[5][6] Aćimović tried to maintain the existing state apparatus, but he had to replace officials who were not Serbs or who had left the country, as well as firing those suspected of being anti-German. On 13 July 1941, he ordered a decree to arrest family members of communists on the run, specifically wives and sons over 16, or if they did not have children, fathers and brothers younger than 60 only if they live together.[7] Aćimović stayed in this position until August of 1941, when the government was taken over by Milan Nedić. The Germans who were unhappy with unrest in Serbia realised that the Commissioner Government was unpopular with the people and without any authority.[6] The government was also divided between supporters of Ljotić and former allies of Milan Stojadinović, led by Aćimović himself.[8] The Commissioner Government collapsed after Ljotić withdrew two of his ministers from the government.[9] However, Aćimović entered Nedić's government as minister of interior.[10]

As both head of Commissioner Government and as Minister of Interior in Nedić's government, Aćimović maintained relations with Draža Mihailović's movement. Even though he knew about the Belgrade branch of Mihailović's movement, he did not take any actions against them.[6] In December of 1941 he warned Mihailović about the upcoming operation against him. The Germans found out about this contact, which put Nedić in a difficult position. Nedić succeeded in convincing the Germans that he knew nothing and banned Aćimović from meddling in the Mihailović issue.[11] Aćimović was replaced by Tanasije Dinić as Interior Minister on 10 November 1942 because of his connections to the Chetniks, whom the Germans did not yet consider necessary or reliable allies in the fight against the Yugoslav Partisans. [12]

After the expulsion of Germans from Serbia in October 1944, Aćimović became a connection between the German envoy for the Balkans Hermann Neubacher and Mihailović. For that purpose he came to Mihailović's headquarters while he was in Bosnia. He died in the Battle of Zelengora while he was retreating from the partisans with the Chetniks.[13]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Božović 1985, p. 17.
  2. ^ Cohen 1996, p. 15.
  3. ^ Jarman 1997, p. 259.
  4. ^ Petranović 1992, p. 134.
  5. ^ Petranović 1992, p. 135.
  6. ^ a b c Tomasevich 2001, p. 178.
  7. ^ Radanović 2016, p. 293.
  8. ^ Borković 1979, p. 79.
  9. ^ Borković 1979, p. 80.
  10. ^ Petranović 1992, p. 219.
  11. ^ Tomasevich 2001, p. 215.
  12. ^ Tomasevich 2001, p. 185.
  13. ^ Borković 1979b, p. 369.

References

[edit]
  • Božović, Branislav (1985). Milan Aćimović. Zagreb: Centar za informacije i publicitet. OCLC 486883834.
  • Cohen, Philip J. (1996). Serbia's Secret War: Propaganda and the Deceit of History. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 978-0-89096-760-7.
  • Jarman, Robert L. (1997). Yugoslavia: 1938–1948. Cambridge: Archive Editions. ISBN 978-1-85207-950-5.
  • Ramet, Sabrina P. (2006). The Three Yugoslavias: State-Building and Legitimation, 1918–2005. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-34656-8.
  • Tomasevich, Jozo (1975). War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: The Chetniks. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-0857-9.
  • Tomasevich, Jozo (2001). War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-3615-2.
  • Petranović, Branko (1992). Srbija u Drugom svetskom ratu 1939—1945. Belgrade: Vojnoizdavački i novinski centar.
  • Borković, Milan (1979). Kvinsliška uprava u Srbiji 1941—1944 (knjiga 1). Belgrade.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Borković, Milan (1979b). Kvinsliška uprava u Srbiji 1941—1944 (knjiga 2). Belgrade.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Radanović, Milan (2016). Kazna i Zločin: Snage kolaboracije u Srbiji. Belgrade: Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung.
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