Sapotaceae: Difference between revisions

Sapotaceae
	Foliage and fruit (a berry containing one seed) of Pouteria sapota
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Ericales
Family:	Sapotaceae; Juss.
Type genus
	Manilkara; Adans.
Subfamilies
	Chrysophylloideae; Sapotoideae; Sarcospermatoideae;

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The Sapotaceae are a family of flowering plants belonging to the order Ericales. The family includes about 800 species of evergreen trees and shrubs in around 65 genera (35–75, depending on generic definition). Their distribution is pantropical.

Many species produce edible fruits, or white blood-sap that is used to cleanse dirt, organically and manually, while others have other economic uses. Species noted for their edible fruits include Manilkara (sapodilla), Chrysophyllum cainito (star-apple or golden leaf tree), Gambeya africana and Gambeya albida (star-apple), and Pouteria (abiu, canistel, lúcuma, mamey sapote). Vitellaria paradoxa (shi in several languages of West Africa and karité in French; also anglicized as shea) is also the source of an oil-rich nut, the source of edible shea butter, which is the major lipid source for many African ethnic groups and is also used in traditional and Western cosmetics and medications. The "miracle fruit" Synsepalum dulcificum is also placed in the Sapotaceae.

Trees of the genus Palaquium (gutta-percha) produce an important latex with a wide variety of uses. The seeds of the tree Sideroxylon spinosum produce an edible oil, traditionally harvested in Morocco.

The family name is derived from zapote, a Mexican vernacular name for one of the plants (in turn derived from the Nahuatl tzapotl) and Latinised by Linnaeus as sapota, a name now treated as a synonym of Manilkara (also formerly known by the invalid name Achras).

Genera

63 genera are currently accepted:^[3]

Abebaia Baehni
Amorphospermum F.Muell.
Aningeria Aubrév. & Pellegr.
Argania Roem. & Schult. (also incl. in Sideroxylon)
Aubregrinia Heine
Aulandra H.J.Lam
Autranella A.Chev.
Baillonella Pierre
Bemangidia L.Gaut.
Breviea Aubrév. & Pellegr.
Burckella Pierre
Capurodendron Aubrév.
Chromolucuma Ducke
Chrysophyllum L.
Delpydora Pierre
Diploknema Pierre
Diploon Cronquist
Donella Pierre ex Baill.
Eberhardtia Lecomte
Ecclinusa Mart.
Elaeoluma Baill.
Englerophytum K.Krause
Faucherea K.Krause
Gambeya Pierre
Gluema Aubrév. & Pellegr.
Inhambanella Dubard
Isonandra Wight
Labourdonnaisia Bojer
Labramia A.DC.
Lecomtedoxa Dubard
Letestua Lecomte
Madhuca Buch.-Ham. ex J.F.Gmel.
Magodendron Vink
Malacantha Pierre
Manilkara Adans.
Micropholis (Griseb.) Pierre
Mimusops L.
Neohemsleya T.D.Penn.
Neolemonniera Heine
Niemeyera F.Muell.
Northia Hook.f.
Omphalocarpum P.Beauv.
Palaquium Blanco
Payena A.DC.
Pichonia Pierre
Planchonella Pierre
Pleioluma (Baill.) Baehni
Pouteria Aubl.
Pradosia Liais
Pycnandra Benth.
Sahulia Swenson
Sarcaulus Radlk.
Sarcosperma Hook.f.
Sersalisia R.Br.
Sideroxylon L.
Spiniluma (Baill.) Aubrév.
Synsepalum (A.DC.) Daniell
Tieghemella Pierre
Tridesmostemon Engl.
Tsebona Capuron
Van-royena Aubrév.
Vitellaria C.F.Gaertn.
Vitellariopsis (Baill.) Dubard
Xantolis Raf.

References

^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. hdl:10654/18083.
^ "Sapotaceae Juss., nom. cons". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2003-01-17. Retrieved 2009-04-06.
^ Sapotaceae Juss. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 6 June 2023.

[APGIII2009-1] Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. hdl:10654/18083.

[2] "Sapotaceae Juss., nom. cons". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2003-01-17. Retrieved 2009-04-06.

[powo-3] Sapotaceae Juss. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 6 June 2023.

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Family of flowering plants}}
-{{refimprove|date=April 2013}}
+{{more citations needed|date=April 2013}}
-{{taxobox
+{{Automatic taxobox
-|name = Sapotaceae
 |image = Pouteria sapota - marmalade tree - desc-leaf cluster - from-DC1.jpg
-|image_caption = ''Pouteria sapota''
+|image2 = Pouteria sapota La Havane.jpg
+|image2_caption = Foliage and fruit (a berry containing one seed) of ''[[Pouteria sapota]]''
-|regnum = [[Plantae]]
+|taxon = Sapotaceae
-|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
+|authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |doi-access=free |hdl=10654/18083 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
-|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
+|subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies
-|unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]
+|subdivision =
-|ordo = [[Ericales]]
+{{unbulleted list
-|familia = '''Sapotaceae'''
+|[[Chrysophylloideae]]
-|familia_authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122630309/abstract | format= PDF |accessdate=2013-07-06 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x }}</ref>
+|[[Sapotoideae]]
-|subdivision_ranks = [[Family (biology)|Subfamilies]]
+|[[Sarcospermatoideae]]
-|subdivision = [[Chrysophylloideae]]<br>
-[[Sapotoideae]]<br>
-[[Sarcospermatoideae]]
-|type_genus = ''[[Manilkara]]'' <small>Adans.</small><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/family.pl?1000 |title=''Sapotaceae'' Juss., nom. cons. |work=[[Germplasm Resources Information Network]] |publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture]] |date=2003-01-17 |accessdate=2009-04-06}}</ref>
 }}
+|type_genus = ''[[Manilkara]]''
+|type_genus_authority = Adans.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/family.pl?1000 |title=''Sapotaceae'' Juss., nom. cons. |work=[[Germplasm Resources Information Network]] |publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture]] |date=2003-01-17 |access-date=2009-04-06}}</ref>
+}}
+[[file:Madhuca longifolia var latifolia (Mahua) W IMG 0242.jpg|thumb|right|240px|''[[Madhuca longifolia]]'' var. ''latifolia'' in [[Narsapur, Medak district]], India]]
+The '''Sapotaceae''' are a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[flowering plant]]s belonging to the [[order (biology)|order]] [[Ericales]]. The family includes about 800 [[species]] of [[evergreen]] trees and shrubs in around 65 genera (35–75, depending on generic definition). Their distribution is [[Tropics|pantropical]].
+Many species produce edible fruits, or white blood-sap that is used to cleanse dirt, organically and manually, while others have other economic uses. Species noted for their edible fruits include ''[[Manilkara]]'' ([[Manilkara zapota|sapodilla]]), ''[[Chrysophyllum cainito]]'' (star-apple or golden leaf tree), ''[[Gambeya africana]]'' and ''[[Gambeya albida]]'' (star-apple), and ''[[Pouteria]]'' (''[[abiu]], [[canistel]], [[lúcuma]]'', [[mamey sapote]]). ''[[Vitellaria paradoxa]]'' (''shi'' in several languages of West Africa and ''karité'' in French; also anglicized as [[Vitellaria|shea]]) is also the source of an oil-rich nut, the source of edible [[shea butter]], which is the major lipid source for many African ethnic groups and is also used in traditional and Western cosmetics and medications.  The "miracle fruit" ''[[Synsepalum dulcificum]]'' is also placed in the Sapotaceae.
-[[File:Madhuca longifolia var latifolia (Mahua) W IMG 0242.jpg|thumb|190px|''[[Madhuca longifolia]]'' var. ''latifolia'' in [[Narsapur, Medak district]], [[India]]. ]]
-The '''Sapotaceae''' are a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[flowering plant]]s belonging to [[order (biology)|order]] [[Ericales]]. The family includes about 800 [[species]] of [[evergreen]] trees and shrubs in around 65 genera (35-75, depending on generic definition). Their distribution is [[Tropics|pantropical]].
+Trees of the genus ''[[Palaquium]]'' ([[gutta-percha]]) produce an important [[latex]] with a wide variety of uses. The seeds of the tree ''[[Argan|Sideroxylon spinosum]]'' produce an edible [[Argan oil|oil]], traditionally harvested in [[Morocco]].
-Many species produce edible fruits, or white blood-sap that is used to cleanse dirt, organically and manually, while others have other economic uses. Species noted for their edible fruits include ''[[Manilkara]]'' ([[Manilkara chicle|Sapodilla]], [[Manilkara zapota|sapota]]), ''[[Chrysophyllum cainito]]'' (star-apple or golden leaf tree), and ''[[Pouteria]]'' (''[[abiu]], [[canistel]], [[lúcuma]]'', [[Mamey sapote]]). ''[[Vitellaria paradoxa]]'' (''shi'' in several languages of West Africa and ''karité'' in French; also anglicized as [[Vitellaria|shea]]) is also the source of an oil-rich nut, the source of edible [[shea butter]], which is the major lipid source for many African ethnic groups and is also used in traditional and Western cosmetics and medications.  The 'miracle fruit' ''[[Synsepalum dulcificum]]'' is also in the Sapotaceae.
+The family name is derived from ''[[sapote|zapote]]'', a Mexican vernacular name for one of the plants (in turn derived from the [[Nahuatl]] ''tzapotl'') and Latinised by [[Linnaeus]] as ''sapota'', a name now treated as a synonym of ''[[Manilkara]]'' (also formerly known by the invalid name ''Achras'').
-Trees of the genus ''[[Palaquium]]'' ([[gutta-percha]]) produce an important [[latex]] with a wide variety of uses.
-The seeds of the tree ''[[Argan|Argania spinosa]]'' produce an edible [[Argan oil|oil]], traditionally harvested in [[Morocco]].
-The family name is derived from ''zapote'', a Mexican vernacular name for one of the plants (in turn derived from the Nahuatl ''tzapotl'') and Latinised by Linnaeus as ''sapota'', a name now treated as a synonym of ''[[Manilkara]]'' (also formerly known by the invalid name ''Achras'').
 ==Genera==
+genera are currently accepted:<ref name = powo>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000114-2 Sapotaceae Juss.] ''[[Plants of the World Online]]''. Retrieved 6 June 2023.</ref>
-<div float="left">
-{{col-begin|width=70%}}
+{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
+* ''[[Abebaia]]'' {{small|Baehni}}
-{{col-1-of-3}}
-*''[[Amorphospermum]]''
+* ''[[Amorphospermum]]'' {{small|[[F.Muell.]]}}
-* ''[[Aningeria]]''
+* ''[[Aningeria]]'' {{small|[[Aubrév.]] & [[Pellegr.]]}}
+* ''[[Argania]]'' {{small|Roem. & Schult.}} (also incl. in ''Sideroxylon'')
-* ''[[Argan]]ia''
-* ''[[Aubregrinia]]''
+* ''[[Aubregrinia]]'' {{small|Heine}}
-* ''[[Aulandra]]''
+* ''[[Aulandra]]'' {{small|[[H.J.Lam]]}}
-* ''[[Autranella]]''
+* ''[[Autranella]]'' {{small|[[A.Chev.]]}}
-* ''[[Baillonella]]''
+* ''[[Baillonella]]'' {{small|Pierre}}
-* ''[[Boerlagella]]'' <small>Cogn.</small> (sometimes included in ''Pouteria'')
+* ''[[Bemangidia]]'' {{small|L.Gaut.}}
-* ''[[Breviea]]''
+* ''[[Breviea]]'' {{small|Aubrév. & Pellegr.}}
-* ''[[Burckella]]''
+* ''[[Burckella]]'' {{small|Pierre}}
-* ''[[Capurodendron]]''
+* ''[[Capurodendron]]'' {{small|Aubrév.}}
-* ''[[Chromolucuma]]''
+* ''[[Chromolucuma]]'' {{small|Ducke}}
-* ''[[Chrysophyllum]]''
+* ''[[Chrysophyllum]]'' {{small|L.}}
-* ''[[Delpydora]]''
+* ''[[Delpydora]]'' {{small|Pierre}}
-* ''[[Diploknema]]''
+* ''[[Diploknema]]'' {{small|Pierre}}
-* ''[[Diploon]]''
+* ''[[Diploon]]'' {{small|Cronquist}}
+* ''[[Donella (plant)|Donella]]'' {{small|Pierre ex [[Baill.]]}}
-* ''[[Donella]] ogoouensis'' <small>(A. Chev.) Aubrév. & Pellegr.</small><ref>[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/tro-28701062 The Plant List]</ref>
-* ''[[Eberhardtia]]''
+* ''[[Eberhardtia]]'' {{small|Lecomte}}
-* ''[[Ecclinusa]]''<!-- Caldasia27:89. -->
+* ''[[Ecclinusa]]'' {{small|Mart.}}
-* ''[[Elaeoluma]]''
+* ''[[Elaeoluma]]'' {{small|Baill.}}
-* ''[[Englerophytum]]''
+* ''[[Englerophytum]]'' {{small|K.Krause}}
+* ''[[Faucherea]]'' {{small|K.Krause}}
-{{col-2-of-3}}
-* ''[[Faucherea]]''
+* ''[[Gambeya]]'' {{small|Pierre}}
-* ''[[Gluema]]''
+* ''[[Gluema]]'' {{small|Aubrév. & Pellegr.}}
-* ''[[Inhambanella]]''
+* ''[[Inhambanella]]'' {{small|Dubard}}
-* ''[[Isonandra]]''
+* ''[[Isonandra]]'' {{small|Wight}}
-* ''[[Labourdonnaisia]]''
+* ''[[Labourdonnaisia]]'' {{small|Bojer}}
-* ''[[Labramia]]''
+* ''[[Labramia]]'' {{small|A.DC.}}
-* ''[[Lecomtedoxa]]''
+* ''[[Lecomtedoxa]]'' {{small|Dubard}}
-* ''[[Letestua]]''
+* ''[[Letestua]]'' {{small|Lecomte}}
-* ''[[Madhuca]]''
+* ''[[Madhuca]]'' {{small|Buch.-Ham. ex [[J.F.Gmel.]]}}
-* ''[[Manilkara]]''
+* ''[[Magodendron]]'' {{small|Vink}}
-* ''[[Mastichodendron]]''
+* ''[[Malacantha]]'' {{small|Pierre}}
-* ''[[Micropholis]]''
+* ''[[Manilkara]]'' {{small|Adans.}}
-* ''[[Mimusops]]''
+* ''[[Micropholis]]'' {{small|(Griseb.) Pierre}}
-* ''[[Neohemsleya]]''
+* ''[[Mimusops]]'' {{small|L.}}
-* ''[[Neolemonniera]]''
+* ''[[Neohemsleya]]'' {{small|T.D.Penn.}}
-* ''[[Nesoluma]]''
+* ''[[Neolemonniera]]'' {{small|Heine}}
-* ''[[Niemeyera]]''
+* ''[[Niemeyera]]'' {{small|F.Muell.}}
-* ''[[Northia]]''
+* ''[[Northia seychellana|Northia]]'' {{small|Hook.f.}}
-* ''[[Omphalocarpum]]''
+* ''[[Omphalocarpum]]'' {{small|P.Beauv.}}
-* ''[[Palaquium]]''
+* ''[[Palaquium]]'' {{small|Blanco}}
-* ''[[Payena]]''
+* ''[[Payena]]'' {{small|A.DC.}}
+* ''[[Pichonia]]'' {{small|Pierre}}
-{{col-3-of-3}}
-* ''[[Pichonia]]''
 * ''[[Planchonella]]'' <small>Pierre</small>
-* ''[[Pleioluma]]''
+* ''[[Pleioluma]]'' {{small|(Baill.) Baehni}}
-* ''[[Pouteria]]''
+* ''[[Pouteria]]'' {{small|Aubl.}}
-* ''[[Pradosia]]''
+* ''[[Pradosia]]'' {{small|Liais}}
-* ''[[Pycnandra]]''
+* ''[[Pycnandra]]'' {{small|Benth.}}
-* ''[[Sarcaulus]]''
+* ''[[Sahulia]]'' {{small|Swenson}}
-* ''[[Sarcosperma]]''
+* ''[[Sarcaulus]]'' {{small|Radlk.}}
-* ''[[Sersalisia]]'' <small>R.Br.</small> (sometimes included in ''Pouteria'')
+* ''[[Sarcosperma]]'' {{small|Hook.f.}}
-* ''[[Sideroxylon]]''
+* ''[[Sersalisia]]'' <small>R.Br.</small>
-* ''[[Synsepalum]]''
+* ''[[Sideroxylon]]'' {{small|L.}}
-* ''[[Tieghemella]]''
+* ''[[Spiniluma]]'' {{small|(Baill.) Aubrév.}}
+* ''[[Synsepalum]]'' {{small|(A.DC.) Daniell}}
-* ''[[Tridesmostemon]]''
-* ''[[Tsebona]]''
+* ''[[Tieghemella]]'' {{small|Pierre}}
+* ''[[Tridesmostemon]]'' {{small|Engl.}}
-* ''[[Van-royena]]'' <small>Aubrév.</small> (sometimes included in ''Pouteria'')
-* ''[[Vitellaria]]''
+* ''[[Tsebona]]'' {{small|Capuron}}
-* ''[[Vitellariopsis]]''
+* ''[[Van-royena]]'' <small>Aubrév.</small>
-* ''[[Xantolis]]''
+* ''[[Vitellaria]]'' {{small|[[C.F.Gaertn.]]}}
+* ''[[Vitellariopsis]]'' {{small|(Baill.) Dubard}}
-{{col-end}}
+* ''[[Xantolis]]'' {{small|Raf.}}
-</div>
+{{div col end}}
-{{commons category}}
 ==References==
+{{Commons category}}
-{{reflist}}
+{{Reflist}}
+{{Angiosperm families}}
+{{Taxonbar|from=Q158981}}
+{{Authority control}}
+[[Category:Sapotaceae| ]]
 [[Category:Ericales families]]
-[[Category:Sapotaceae| ]]