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The Garrard & Blumfield or Blumfield & Garrard was an English electric car manufacturer from 1894 to 1896. The company is presumed to have been founded by C. R. Garrard and T. W. Blumfield.

The vehicles were built for them by Taylor, Cooper and Bednell of Coventry, were equipped with 4-inch pneumatic tyres and described as "neat and well-fitted".

In 1896 Garrard & Blumfield were subsumed into Harry J. Lawson's The Great Horseless Carriage Company.

T. W. Blumfield

Thomas William Blumfield (born Southampton, 30 May 1869) worked as a Cycle Examiner, Turner and Fitter. In 1891 he lodged at Brick Kiln Lane, Coventry with Isaac Woolgat, a Bicycle Polisher, and his family.^[1]

In 1896 he worked for Humber Limited in Coventry, and supervised the construction of the prototype of the first motorcycle which used an E. J. Pennington engine.^[1]

He was married with three children, and died in Kings Heath, Birmingham, in 1956.^[2]

Blumfield and Garrard

On 14 December 1893 and 31 March 1894, Blumfield and Garrard were granted a patent for 'Improvements in electric motor carriages'.^[3]^[4]

On 27 July 1894 The Engineer (page 88) published details of an electric carriage with 4-inch pneumatic tyres that was built for them by 'Taylor, Cooper and Bednell' of Coventry and described as "neat and well-fitted". ^[5] Details of the vehicle were also published in The Cyclist of June 1894.^[6]

Paris-Rouen 1894

In early 1894 they paid their 10 franc entry to the Le Petit Journal Competition for Horseless Carriages (Concours du 'Petit Journal' Les Voitures sans Chevaux) that was run from Paris to Rouen in France. They did not show up at the qualification events in July 1894.

Demise

In 1896 'Blumfield and Garrard' were subsumed into Harry J. Lawson's 'Great Horseless Carriage Co' whose objective was to gather the patent rights held by Daimler, de Dion-Bouton, Bollee, Kane-Pennington, Garrard and Blumfield, Serpollet systems, and British Motor Syndicate.^[4]^[7]

C. R. Garrard

Charles Riley Garrard (1855–1955) was born in London.^[8] He was a certified Member of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, (M.I.M.E.) and president of the Cycle Engineers' Institute.

Garrard constructed an electric carriage in 1893 in co-operation with T.W. Blomfield.^{[citation needed]}

Garrard worked in Paris building Gladiator motor tricycles in 1894–3. There he encountered Adolphe Clément of Clément Cycles.

Garrard was managing director of the Garrard Co. who built Clément-Garrard motorised cycles from 1902 to 1905 in Birmingham, Great Britain, under licence from Adolphe Clément's Clément-Gladiator.^[9]^[10]

In early 1904 Garrard showed a forecar tandem tricycle where the passenger sat between the front wheels and the driver sat behind. The water-cooled engine was rated at 4 hp and connected to the three-speed gearbox by a clutch. The final drive was by propeller shaft to the single rear wheel. It had leaf-spring front suspension and pivoted-fork at the rear. It was demonstrated at a hill-climb in 1904 but was not developed.^[10]

Garrard Manufacturing Company Limited

Garrard Manufacturing Company of Magneto Works, Ryland Street, Birmingham announced in February 1902 their complete motor sets suitable for fitting to existing strong roadster bicycles. The complete set was said to weigh 25 lb (11 kg) to 30 lb (14 kg), the motor alone 15.5 lb (7.0 kg). It was reported to develop 1 horsepower at 1,900 revolutions per minute. Particular features reported were: an external flywheel, a special method of opening the valves, a compression cock and a contact-maker or "points" made of a notched cam and a trembler. A platinum screw is pressed to the back of the trembler.^[11] Garrard superintended the erection of the Clément-Talbot Automobile Works in Ladbroke Grove, London, in 1903.^[12]^[13]

In November 1905 he applied for a British Patent 24650 providing the address 12 St Charles Square, North Kensington^[14] very close to the location of Clément-Talbot's works. He described himself in 1906 as works manager and motor-car chassis designer of Clément-Talbot Limited.^[15]

By 1922 he had moved to Sydenham SE26 and had two businesses, Duplex and General Bearings Co manufacturing ball-bearings and C R Garrard Limited motor and general engineers (incorporated 1917 to own Duplex Bearings and the motor and general engineers business) at Winchester Works in High Street Sydenham.^[16] Prior to the outbreak of war in 1914 German manufacturers had an effective monopoly of manufacture of ball bearings.

Garrard died in 1955 aged 99 years.^[8]

References

^ ^a ^b Graces Guide – British Industrial History – T.W. Blumfield^{[permanent dead link‍]} www.gracesguide.co.uk
^ "Thomas William Blumfield (1869-1956)". Ancestry. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
^ The Times, Thursday, 21 May 1896
^ ^a ^b Graces Guide – British Industrial History – Blumfield and Garrard www.gracesguide.co.uk, accessed 23 July 2023
^ The Engineer 27 July 1894 (page 88)
^ The Cyclist June 1894
^ The Pall Mall Gazette 19 May 1896
^ ^a ^b FreeBMD
^ Yesterdays, Antique motorcycles, Auguste Clément www.yesterdays.nl Archived 20 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine
^ ^a ^b Graces Guide – Garrard Manufacturing Company www.gracesguide.co.uk, accessed 23 July 2023
^ Here and There. page 920, The Motor-Car Journal, Saturday 22 February 1902
^ Graces Guide – British Industrial History – C. R. Garrard www.gracesguide.co.uk, accessed 23 July 2023
^ Motoring Annual and Motorist's Year Book 1904
^ British Patent Specifications, The Auto-Motor Journal, 27 October 1906
^ Clement Talbot Limited v. Wilson and Another. The Illustrated Official Journal (Patents), page 468, 23 June 1909
^ The Motor Transport Year Book and Directoryvolume 6, 1921-1922

David Burgess Wise, The New Illustrated Encyclopedia of Automobiles

[Graces_Blumfield-1] Graces Guide – British Industrial History – T.W. Blumfield^{[permanent dead link‍]} www.gracesguide.co.uk

[Ancestry_–_Thomas_William_Blumfield-2] "Thomas William Blumfield (1869-1956)". Ancestry. Retrieved 5 September 2018.

[3] The Times, Thursday, 21 May 1896

[Graces_B&G-4] Graces Guide – British Industrial History – Blumfield and Garrard www.gracesguide.co.uk, accessed 23 July 2023

[5] The Engineer 27 July 1894 (page 88)

[6] The Cyclist June 1894

[7] The Pall Mall Gazette 19 May 1896

[FreeBMD-8] FreeBMD

[Yesterdays-9] Yesterdays, Antique motorcycles, Auguste Clément www.yesterdays.nl Archived 20 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine

[Graces_Garrard-10] Graces Guide – Garrard Manufacturing Company www.gracesguide.co.uk, accessed 23 July 2023

[11] Here and There. page 920, The Motor-Car Journal, Saturday 22 February 1902

[Graces_CRG-12] Graces Guide – British Industrial History – C. R. Garrard www.gracesguide.co.uk, accessed 23 July 2023

[13] Motoring Annual and Motorist's Year Book 1904

[14] British Patent Specifications, The Auto-Motor Journal, 27 October 1906

[15] Clement Talbot Limited v. Wilson and Another. The Illustrated Official Journal (Patents), page 468, 23 June 1909

[16] The Motor Transport Year Book and Directoryvolume 6, 1921-1922

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|1890s English electric car manufacturer}}
-The '''Garrard & Blumfield''' or '''Blumfield & Garrard''' was an [[England|English]] [[electric car]] manufacturer from 1894 to 1896. The company is presumed to have been founded by C. R. Garrard and T. W. Blumfield.
+{{EngvarB|date=June 2013}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
+The '''Garrard & Blumfield''' or '''Blumfield & Garrard''' was an English [[electric car]] manufacturer from 1894 to 1896. The company is presumed to have been founded by C. R. Garrard and T. W. Blumfield.
-The vehicles, built in [[Coventry]], were described as "Neat and well-fitted".{{source needed|date=July 2012}}
+The vehicles were built for them by Taylor, Cooper and Bednell of [[Coventry]], were equipped with 4-inch pneumatic tyres and described as "neat and well-fitted".
-In 1896 they were subsumed into [[Harry J. Lawson]]'s  'Great Horseless Carriage Co'.
+In 1896 Garrard & Blumfield were subsumed into [[Harry J. Lawson]]'s [[The Great Horseless Carriage Company]].
 ==T. W. Blumfield==
-Thomas Blumfield (born Southampton circa 1870) worked as a Cycle Examiner, Turner and Fitter. In 1891 he lodged at Brick Kiln Lane, Coventry with Isaac Woolgat, a Bicycle Polisher, and his family.<ref name="Graces Blumfield">[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/T._W._Blumfield Graces Guide - British Industrial History - T.W. Blumfield]</ref>
+Thomas William Blumfield (born Southampton, 30 May 1869) worked as a Cycle Examiner, Turner and Fitter. In 1891 he lodged at Brick Kiln Lane, Coventry with Isaac Woolgat, a Bicycle Polisher, and his family.<ref name="Graces Blumfield">[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/T._W._Blumfield Graces Guide – British Industrial History – T.W. Blumfield]{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''www.gracesguide.co.uk''</ref>
-In 1896 he worked for the [[Thomas Humber#Humber Manufacturing after direct association with Thomas Humber|Thomas Humber Bicycle Co]] in Coventry, and supervised the prototype [[E. J. Pennington]] motorcycle.<ref name="Graces Blumfield"/>
+In 1896 he worked for [[Humber Limited]] in Coventry, and supervised the construction of the prototype of the first motorcycle which used an [[E. J. Pennington]] engine.<ref name="Graces Blumfield"/>
+He was married with three children, and died in Kings Heath, Birmingham, in 1956.<ref name="Ancestry – Thomas William Blumfield">{{cite web | url=https://www.ancestry.co.uk/genealogy/records/thomas-william-blumfield_39978090 | title=Thomas William Blumfield (1869-1956) | publisher=Ancestry | access-date=5 September 2018 }}</ref>
+==Blumfield and Garrard==
+On 14 December 1893 and 31 March 1894, Blumfield and Garrard were granted a patent for 'Improvements in electric motor carriages'.<ref>''The Times'', Thursday, 21 May 1896</ref><ref name="Graces B&G">[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Blumfield_and_Garrard Graces Guide – British Industrial History – Blumfield and Garrard] ''www.gracesguide.co.uk'', accessed 23 July 2023</ref>
+On 27 July 1894 ''The Engineer'' (page 88) published details of an electric carriage with 4-inch pneumatic tyres that was built for them by 'Taylor, Cooper and Bednell' of Coventry and described as "neat and well-fitted".
+<ref>''The Engineer'' 27 July 1894 (page 88)</ref> Details of the vehicle were also published in ''The Cyclist'' of June 1894.<ref>''The Cyclist'' June 1894</ref>
+===Paris-Rouen 1894===
+{{Main|Paris–Rouen (motor race)}}
+In early 1894 they paid their 10 franc entry to the ''[[Le Petit Journal (newspaper)|Le Petit Journal]]'' Competition for Horseless Carriages ''(Concours du 'Petit Journal' Les Voitures sans Chevaux)'' that was run from [[Paris]] to [[Rouen]] in [[France]]. They did not show up at the qualification events in July 1894.
+===Demise===
+In 1896 'Blumfield and Garrard' were subsumed into [[Harry J. Lawson]]'s  'Great Horseless Carriage Co' whose objective was to gather the patent rights held by [[Daimler Company|Daimler]], [[de Dion-Bouton]], [[Léon Bollée Automobiles|Bollee]], [[E. J. Pennington|Kane-Pennington]], Garrard and Blumfield, [[Gardner-Serpollet|Serpollet systems]], and [[British Motor Syndicate]].<ref name="Graces B&G"/><ref>The Pall Mall Gazette 19 May 1896</ref>
 ==C. R. Garrard==
+[[File:Autocar Clement-Talbot Group (cropped).jpg|thumb|left]]
-Charles R. Garrard (poss.1877 or 1882<ref name="Graces CRG"/>{{Clarify|date=July 2012}}) was born in Coventry.<ref name="Graces CRG"/> He was a certified Member of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, (M.I.M.E.) and president of the Cycle Engineers' Institute.
+Charles Riley Garrard (1855–1955) was born in London.<ref name="FreeBMD">FreeBMD</ref> He was a certified Member of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, (M.I.M.E.) and president of the Cycle Engineers' Institute.
-Garrard constructed an electric carriage in 1893 in co-operation with T.W. Blumfield.
+Garrard constructed an electric carriage in 1893 in co-operation with T.W. Blomfield.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}
-Garrard worked in Paris building [[Gladiator Cycle Company|Gladiator]] motor tricycles in 1894-3. There he encountered [[Adolphe Clément-Bayard]] of [[Clément Cycles]] who took over Gladiator in partnership with Lord [[Charles Chetwynd-Talbot, 20th Earl of Shrewsbury]] and [[Harry John Lawson]] to form the major bicycle manufacturing conglomerate of Clément, Gladiator & Humber (France) Ltd
+Garrard worked in Paris building [[Gladiator Cycle Company|Gladiator]] motor tricycles in 1894–3. There he encountered [[Adolphe Clément-Bayard|Adolphe Clément]] of [[Clément Cycles]].
-Garrard was managing director of the [[Garrard (automobile)|Garrard Co.]] who built [[Clément-Garrard]] motorised cycles from 1902 to 1905 in Birmingham, Great Britain, under licence from [[Adolphe Clément-Bayard]]'s [[Adolphe Clément-Bayard#Motorised cycle manufacture|Clément-Gladiator]].<ref name="Yesterdays">[http://www.yesterdays.nl/clement-1903-p-864.html Yesterdays, Antique motorcycles, Auguste Clément]</ref><ref name="Graces Garrard">[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Garrard_Manufacturing_Co Graces Guide - Garrard Manufacturing Company]</ref>
+Garrard was managing director of the [[Garrard (automobile)|Garrard Co.]] who built [[Clément-Garrard]] motorised cycles from 1902 to 1905 in Birmingham, Great Britain, under licence from Adolphe Clément's [[Adolphe Clément-Bayard#Motorised cycle manufacture|Clément-Gladiator]].<ref name="Yesterdays">[http://www.yesterdays.nl/clement-1903-p-864.html Yesterdays, Antique motorcycles, Auguste Clément] ''www.yesterdays.nl''  {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220042040/http://www.yesterdays.nl/clement-1903-p-864.html |date=20 February 2012 }}</ref><ref name="Graces Garrard">[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Garrard_Manufacturing_Co Graces Guide – Garrard Manufacturing Company] ''www.gracesguide.co.uk'', accessed 23 July 2023</ref>
+In early 1904 Garrard showed a [[forecar]] tandem tricycle where the passenger sat between the front wheels and the driver sat behind. The water-cooled engine was rated at 4&nbsp;hp and connected to the three-speed gearbox by a clutch. The final drive was by propeller shaft to the single rear wheel. It had leaf-spring front suspension and pivoted-fork at the rear. It was demonstrated at a hill-climb in 1904 but was not developed.<ref name="Graces Garrard"/>
-Garrard superintended the erection of the [[Clément-Talbot]] Automobile Works in Ladbroke Grove, London, in 1903.<ref name="Graces CRG">[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/C._R._Garrard Graces Guide - British Industrial History - C. R.  Garrard]</ref><ref>Motoring Annual and Motorist’s Year Book 1904</ref>
+{{clear}}
+[[File:19010222 TMCJ Garrard motor set fitted to a bicycle.jpg|thumb|Garrard motor set installed on a bicycle 1902]]
+===Garrard Manufacturing Company Limited===
-==Blumfield and Garrard==
+[[File:Clément-Garrard motorcycle (31423370861).jpg|thumb|Clément-Garrard motorcycle, re-badged Clément autocyclette]]
-On 14 December 1893 and 31 March 1894, Blumfield and Garrard were granted a patent for 'Improvements in electric motor carriages'.<ref>The Times, Thursday, May 21, 1896</ref><ref name="Graces B&G">[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Blumfield_and_Garrard Graces Guide - British Industrial History - Blumfield and Garrard]</ref>
+Garrard Manufacturing Company of Magneto Works, Ryland Street, Birmingham announced in February 1902 their complete motor sets suitable for fitting to existing strong roadster bicycles. The complete set was said to weigh {{convert|25|lb|kg|abbr=on}} to {{convert|30|lb|kg|abbr=on}}, the motor alone {{convert|15.5|lb|kg|abbr=on}}. It was reported to develop 1 horsepower at 1,900 revolutions per minute. Particular features reported were: an external flywheel, a special method of opening the [[valves]], a [[Petcock#Heavy equipment|compression cock]] and a [[Contact breaker|contact-maker]] or "points" made of a notched cam and a trembler. A platinum screw is pressed to the back of the [[Trembler coil#Operation|trembler]].<ref>Here and There. page 920, ''The Motor-Car Journal'', Saturday 22 February 1902</ref>
+Garrard superintended the erection of the [[Clément-Talbot]] Automobile Works in Ladbroke Grove, London, in 1903.<ref name="Graces CRG">[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/C._R._Garrard Graces Guide – British Industrial History – C. R.  Garrard] ''www.gracesguide.co.uk'', accessed 23 July 2023</ref><ref>Motoring Annual and Motorist's Year Book 1904</ref>
+In November 1905 he applied for a British Patent 24650 providing the address 12 St Charles Square, North Kensington<ref>British Patent Specifications, ''The Auto-Motor Journal'', 27 October 1906</ref> very close to the location of Clément-Talbot's works. He described himself in 1906 as works manager and motor-car chassis designer of Clément-Talbot Limited.<ref>Clement Talbot Limited v. Wilson and Another. ''The Illustrated Official Journal (Patents)'', page 468, 23 June 1909</ref>
-On 27 July 1894 ''The Engineer'' (page 88) and published details of an electric carriage with 4 inch pneumatic tyres that was built for them by Taylor, Cooper and Bednell of Coventry.<ref>''The Engineer'' 27 July 1894 (page 88)</ref> Detail of the vehicle were also published in ''The Cyclist'' of June 1894.<ref>''The Cyclist'' June 1894</ref>
+By 1922 he had moved to Sydenham SE26 and had two businesses, Duplex and General Bearings Co manufacturing ball-bearings and '''C R Garrard Limited''' motor and general engineers (incorporated 1917 to own Duplex Bearings and the motor and general engineers business) at Winchester Works in High Street Sydenham.<ref>''The Motor Transport Year Book and Directory''volume 6, 1921-1922</ref> Prior to the outbreak of war in 1914 German manufacturers had an effective monopoly of manufacture of ball bearings.
-===Paris-Rouen 1894===
-In early 1894 they paid their 10 franc entry to the ''[[ Le Petit Journal]]'' ''[[Paris–Rouen (motor race)|Competition for Horseless Carriages]]'' ''(Concours du 'Petit Journal' Les Voitures sans Chevaux)'' that was run from [[Paris]] to [[Rouen]] in France.  They did not show up at the qualification events in July 1894.
+Garrard died in 1955 aged 99 years.<ref name="FreeBMD"/>
-===Demise===
-In 1896 'Blumfield and Garrard' were subsumed into [[Harry J. Lawson]]'s  'Great Horseless Carriage Co' whose objective was to gather the patent rights held by [[Daimler Motor Company|Daimler]], [[de Dion-Bouton]], [[Léon Bollée Automobiles|Bollee]], [[E. J. Pennington|Kane-Pennington]], Garrard and Blumfield, [[Gardner-Serpollet|Serpollet systems]] and British Motor Syndicate.<ref>The Pall Mall Gazette 19 May 1896</ref><ref name="Graces B&G"/>
 ==See also==
 * [[Garrard (automobile)]]
 * [[Clément-Garrard]] automobile
+* [[James Lansdowne Norton]]
+* [[List of car manufacturers of the United Kingdom]]
 ==References==
@@ Line 40: / Line 63: @@
 David Burgess Wise, ''The New Illustrated Encyclopedia of Automobiles''
+{{DEFAULTSORT:Garrard and Blumfield}}
-[[Category:Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United Kingdom]]
-[[Category:Article Feedback 5]]
+[[Category:Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of England]]
+[[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1894]]
+[[Category:Electric vehicle industry]]
+[[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1896]]
-{{veteran-auto-stub}}
+[[Category:1894 establishments in England]]
+[[Category:1896 disestablishments in England]]
+[[Category:1896 mergers and acquisitions]]
+[[Category:British companies disestablished in 1896]]
+[[Category:British companies established in 1894]]