Swiss 1.2-metre Leonhard Euler Telescope: Difference between revisions

Leonhard Euler Telescope
	The enclosure of the Leonhard Euler Telescope with the higher situated New Technology Telescope in the background
Alternative names	Swiss 1.2-m Leonhard Euler Telescope
Named after	Leonhard Euler
Part of	La Silla Observatory
Location(s)	Norte Chico
Coordinates	29°15′34″S 70°43′59″W / 29.2594°S 70.7331°W
Organization	Geneva Observatory
First light	12 April 1998
Telescope style	reflecting telescope
Diameter	1.2 m (3 ft 11 in)
	Location of Swiss 1.2-metre Leonhard Euler Telescope
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Leonhard Euler Telescope, or the Swiss EULER Telescope, is a national, fully automatic 1.2-metre (47 in) reflecting telescope, built and operated by the Geneva Observatory. It is located at an altitude of 2,375 m (7,792 ft) at ESO's La Silla Observatory site in the Chilean Norte Chico region, about 460 kilometers north of Santiago de Chile. The telescope, which saw its first light on 12 April 1998, is named after Swiss mathematician Leonhard Paul Euler.^[1]^[2]

The Euler telescope uses the CORALIE instrument to search for exoplanets. In addition, the telescope uses the multi-purpose EulerCam (ecam), a high precision photometry instrument, and a smaller, piggyback mounted telescope, called "Pisco".^[2] Its first discovery was a planet in orbit around Gliese 86, determined to be a hot Jupiter with an orbital period of only 15.8 earth days and about four times the mass of Jupiter.^[3] Since then, many other exoplanets have been discovered or examined in follow-up observations.

Together with the Mercator Telescope, Euler was part of the Southern Sky extrasolar Planet search Programme, which has discovered numerous extrasolar planets.^[4] It has also been frequently employed for follow-up characterization to determine the mass of exoplanets discovered by the Wide Angle Search for Planets, SuperWASP.^[5]

CORALIE

The CORALIE spectrograph is an echelle- type spectrograph used for astronomy. It is a copy of the ELODIE spectrograph used by Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz to detect the planet orbiting a star . In April 1998 it was built and installed at the Euler Telescope. Later in 2007 it was upgraded by Didier Queloz and his team to increase its performances to support Wide Angle Search for Planets program and Next-Generation Transit Survey. The instrument is optimized to measure Doppler effect on a star's electromagnetic spectrum with great precision to detect the gravitational tug of an exoplanet orbiting around it.^[6]^[7] It also known as "radial velocity" or "wobble" method, is an indirect detection method. The mass of the planet can be estimated from these measurements.

The spectrograph participates in the Southern Sky extrasolar Planet search Programme initiated by Michel Mayor

In 2010 visible camera EulerCam was installed by Didier Queloz. Camera main objective was to measure planet by transit method by supporting ground base program such as Wide Angle Search for Planets . The size of an exoplanet can be estimated using the transit method. By combining the measured size and mass from both methods, it can be determined whether the observed exoplanet is gaseous or rocky.

Characteristics

The resolution of CORALIE is fixed at R = 50,000 with three-pixel sampling. The detector charge-coupled device is 2k X 2k with a 15 micrometer pixel size.

Discovered exoplanets

The first five planetary object discovered using CORALIE are

Planet	Announced in	Refs
Gliese 86 b	1998	^[6]
HD 75289 b	1999	^[8]
Eiger	1999	^[8]
Beirut	1999	^[9]^[10]
GJ 3021 b	2000	^[11]

Gallery

The 1.2-meter Leonhard Euler Telescope
Euler Telescope with the ESO 3.6-meter in the background
A fisheye view of the Euler Telescope
La Silla with NTT in the center and Euler on the right
Euler and ESO 3.6-meter are both exoplanet hunters at La Silla
Moonlight and Zodiacal Light Over La Silla Observatory
Sunset at ESO's La Silla observatory in Chile
Fantastic Mr Fox

Video

Timelapse video of Euler and the NTT observing the night sky

References

^ "Swiss 1.2-metre Leonhard Euler Telescope". ESO. Retrieved 10 September 2015.
^ ^a ^b "EULER". Exoplanets. Switzerland: Université de Genève. Retrieved 10 September 2015.
^ Queloz, D.; Mayor, M.; Weber, L.; Blecha, A.; et al. (1999). "A planet orbiting the star Gliese 86". arXiv:astro-ph/9910223.
^ "Southern Sky extrasolar Planet search Programme". unige.ch.
^ Queloz, D.; Anderson, D. R.; Collier Cameron, A.; Gillon, M.; et al. (2010). "WASP-8b: a retrograde transiting planet in a multiple system". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 517: L1. arXiv:1006.5089. Bibcode:2010A&A...517L...1Q. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014768. S2CID 35774603.
^ ^a ^b Queloz, D.; Mayor, M.; Weber, L.; Blécha, A.; et al. (2000). "The CORALIE survey for southern extra-solar planets. I. A planet orbiting the star Gliese 86". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 354: 99–102. Bibcode:2000A&A...354...99Q.
^ ESO publication, D. Queloz and M. Mayor, From CORALIE to HARPS, September 2001
^ ^a ^b Udry; Mayor, M.; Naef, D.; Pepe, F.; et al. (2000). "The CORALIE survey for southern extra-solar planets II. The short-period planetary companions to HD 75289 and HD 130322". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 356: 590–598. Bibcode:2000A&A...356..590U.
^ Santos, N.; Udry, S.; Mayor, M.; Naef, D.; et al. (2003). "The CORALIE survey for southern extra-solar planets XI. The return of the giant planet orbiting HD192263". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 406 (1): 373–381. arXiv:astro-ph/0305434. Bibcode:2003A&A...406..373S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030776. S2CID 16247618.
^ Santos, N.; Mayor, M.; Naef, D.; Pepe, F.; et al. (2000). "The CORALIE survey for southern extra-solar planets III. A giant planet in orbit around HD 192263". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 356: 599–602. Bibcode:2000A&A...356..599S.
^ Naef, D.; Mayor, M.; Pepe, F.; Queloz, D.; et al. (2001). "The CORALIE survey for southern extrasolar planets V: 3 new extrasolar planets". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 375 (1): 205–218. arXiv:astro-ph/0106255. Bibcode:2001A&A...375..205N. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20010841. S2CID 16606841.

External links

[eso-euler-1] "Swiss 1.2-metre Leonhard Euler Telescope". ESO. Retrieved 10 September 2015.

[exo-euler-2] "EULER". Exoplanets. Switzerland: Université de Genève. Retrieved 10 September 2015.

[arxiv9910223-3] Queloz, D.; Mayor, M.; Weber, L.; Blecha, A.; et al. (1999). "A planet orbiting the star Gliese 86". arXiv:astro-ph/9910223.

[coralie-4] "Southern Sky extrasolar Planet search Programme". unige.ch.

[5] Queloz, D.; Anderson, D. R.; Collier Cameron, A.; Gillon, M.; et al. (2010). "WASP-8b: a retrograde transiting planet in a multiple system". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 517: L1. arXiv:1006.5089. Bibcode:2010A&A...517L...1Q. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014768. S2CID 35774603.

[CORALIE-I-6] Queloz, D.; Mayor, M.; Weber, L.; Blécha, A.; et al. (2000). "The CORALIE survey for southern extra-solar planets. I. A planet orbiting the star Gliese 86". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 354: 99–102. Bibcode:2000A&A...354...99Q.

[7] ESO publication, D. Queloz and M. Mayor, From CORALIE to HARPS, September 2001

[CORALIE-II-8] Udry; Mayor, M.; Naef, D.; Pepe, F.; et al. (2000). "The CORALIE survey for southern extra-solar planets II. The short-period planetary companions to HD 75289 and HD 130322". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 356: 590–598. Bibcode:2000A&A...356..590U.

[CORALIE-XI-9] Santos, N.; Udry, S.; Mayor, M.; Naef, D.; et al. (2003). "The CORALIE survey for southern extra-solar planets XI. The return of the giant planet orbiting HD192263". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 406 (1): 373–381. arXiv:astro-ph/0305434. Bibcode:2003A&A...406..373S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030776. S2CID 16247618.

[CORALIE-III-10] Santos, N.; Mayor, M.; Naef, D.; Pepe, F.; et al. (2000). "The CORALIE survey for southern extra-solar planets III. A giant planet in orbit around HD 192263". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 356: 599–602. Bibcode:2000A&A...356..599S.

[CORALIE-V-11] Naef, D.; Mayor, M.; Pepe, F.; Queloz, D.; et al. (2001). "The CORALIE survey for southern extrasolar planets V: 3 new extrasolar planets". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 375 (1): 205–218. arXiv:astro-ph/0106255. Bibcode:2001A&A...375..205N. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20010841. S2CID 16606841.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Telescope in the La Silla Observatory, Chile}}
 {{Infobox telescope}}
-'''Leonhard Euler Telescope''', or the Swiss EULER Telescope, is a national, fully automatic {{convert|1.2|m|in|adj=on}} [[reflecting telescope]], built and operated by the [[Geneva Observatory]]. It is located at an altitude of {{convert|2375|m|ft|abbr=on}} at [[European Southern Observatory|ESO's]] [[La Silla Observatory]] site in the Chilean [[Norte Chico, Chile|Norte Chico]] region, about 460 kilometers north of [[Santiago de Chile]]. The telescope, which saw its first light on 12 April 1998, is named after Swiss mathematician [[Leonhard Paul Euler]].<ref name="eso-euler">{{cite web |url=https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss/ |title=Swiss 1.2-metre Leonhard Euler Telescope |work=ESO |accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="exo-euler">{{cite web |url=http://exoplanets.ch/projects/euler/ |title=EULER |work=Exoplanets |publisher=Université de Genève |location=Switzerland |accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref>
+'''Leonhard Euler Telescope''', or the Swiss EULER Telescope, is a national, fully automatic {{convert|1.2|m|in|adj=on}} [[reflecting telescope]], built and operated by the [[Geneva Observatory]]. It is located at an altitude of {{convert|2375|m|ft|abbr=on}} at [[European Southern Observatory|ESO's]] [[La Silla Observatory]] site in the Chilean [[Norte Chico, Chile|Norte Chico]] region, about 460 kilometers north of [[Santiago de Chile]]. The telescope, which saw its first light on 12 April 1998, is named after Swiss mathematician [[Leonhard Paul Euler]].<ref name="eso-euler">{{cite web |url=https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss/ |title=Swiss 1.2-metre Leonhard Euler Telescope |work=ESO |access-date=10 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="exo-euler">{{cite web |url=http://exoplanets.ch/projects/euler/ |title=EULER |work=Exoplanets |publisher=Université de Genève |location=Switzerland |access-date=10 September 2015}}</ref>
 The Euler telescope uses the '''CORALIE''' instrument to search for [[exoplanets]]. In addition, the telescope uses the multi-purpose '''EulerCam''' (ecam), a high precision [[Photometry (astronomy)|photometry]] instrument, and a smaller, piggyback mounted telescope, called "Pisco".<ref name="exo-euler" /> Its first discovery was a planet in orbit around [[Gliese 86]], determined to be a [[hot Jupiter]] with an orbital period of only 15.8 earth days and about four times the mass of Jupiter.<ref name="arxiv9910223" /> Since then, many other exoplanets have been discovered or examined in follow-up observations.
-Together with the [[Mercator Telescope]], Euler was part of the Southern Sky extrasolar Planet search Programme, which has discovered numerous extrasolar planets.<ref name="coralie" /> It has also been frequently employed for follow-up characterization to determine the mass of exoplanets discovered by the Wide Angle Search for Planets, [[SuperWASP]].<ref>{{cite journal | bibcode = 2010A&A...517L...1Q | title=WASP-8b: a retrograde transiting planet in a multiple system | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=517 | year=2010 |display-authors=4 |author1=Queloz, D. |author2=Anderson, D. R. |author3=Collier Cameron, A. |author4=Gillon, M. |author5=Hebb, L. |author6=Hellier, C. |author7=Maxted, P. |author8=Pepe, F. |author9=Pollacco, D. |author10=Ségransan, D. |author11=Smalley, B. |author12=Triaud, A.H.M.J. |author13=Udry, S. |author14=West, R. |arxiv = 1006.5089 |doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201014768 }}</ref>
+Together with the [[Mercator Telescope]], Euler was part of the Southern Sky extrasolar Planet search Programme, which has discovered numerous extrasolar planets.<ref name="coralie" /> It has also been frequently employed for follow-up characterization to determine the mass of exoplanets discovered by the Wide Angle Search for Planets, [[SuperWASP]].<ref>{{cite journal | bibcode = 2010A&A...517L...1Q | title=WASP-8b: a retrograde transiting planet in a multiple system | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=517 | year=2010 |display-authors=4 |author1=Queloz, D. |author2=Anderson, D. R. |author3=Collier Cameron, A. |author4=Gillon, M. |author5=Hebb, L. |author6=Hellier, C. |author7=Maxted, P. |author8=Pepe, F. |author9=Pollacco, D. |author10=Ségransan, D. |author11=Smalley, B. |author12=Triaud, A.H.M.J. |author13=Udry, S. |author14=West, R. | pages=L1 |arxiv = 1006.5089 |doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201014768 | s2cid=35774603 }}</ref>
-== Instruments ==
+== CORALIE ==
-The ''CORALIE spectrograph'' is an [[Echelle grating|echelle]] type [[spectrograph]] used for astronomy and was commissioned at the Euler Telescope in April 1998. The instrument performs [[doppler spectroscopy]], that is it measures the [[Doppler effect]] on a star's [[electromagnetic spectrum]] caused by the gravitational tug of an  exoplanet orbiting around it.<ref name="CORALIE-I">{{cite journal
+The CORALIE spectrograph is an [[Echelle grating|echelle]]- type [[spectrograph]] used for astronomy. It  is a copy of  the  [[ELODIE spectrograph]] used by [[Michel Mayor]] and [[Didier Queloz]]  to detect the planet orbiting a star .  In April 1998 it was built and installed   at the Euler Telescope. Later in 2007 it was upgraded by [[Didier Queloz]] and his team to increase its performances to support [[Wide Angle Search for Planets]] program and [[Next-Generation Transit Survey]]. The instrument is optimized to measure [[Doppler effect]]  on a star's [[electromagnetic spectrum]] with great precision to detect the gravitational tug of an  exoplanet orbiting around it.<ref name="CORALIE-I">{{cite journal
 | title=The CORALIE survey for southern extra-solar planets. I. A planet orbiting the star Gliese 86
-| last=Queloz |first=D.
+| last1=Queloz |first1=D.
 | journal=[[Astronomy and Astrophysics]]
 | volume=354
@@ Line 36: / Line 37: @@
 | first10=S.
 | display-authors=4
-}}</ref><ref>ESO publication, D. Queloz and M. Mayor, [https://www.eso.org/sci/publications/messenger/archive/no.105-sep01/messenger-no105-1-7.pdf From CORALIE to HARPS],  September 2001</ref> The spectrograph participates in the [http://obswww.unige.ch/~udry/planet/coralie.html Southern Sky extrasolar Planet search Programme].
+}}</ref><ref>ESO publication, D. Queloz and M. Mayor, [https://www.eso.org/sci/publications/messenger/archive/no.105-sep01/messenger-no105-1-7.pdf From CORALIE to HARPS],  September 2001</ref> It also known as "radial velocity" or "wobble" method, is an indirect [[Methods of detecting exoplanets|detection method]]. The mass of the planet can be estimated from these measurements.
+The spectrograph participates in the [http://obswww.unige.ch/~udry/planet/coralie.html Southern Sky extrasolar Planet search Programme] initiated  by [[Michel Mayor]]
-Doppler spectroscopy, also known as "radial velocity" or "wobble" method, is an indirect [[Methods of detecting exoplanets|detection method]] as it only observes the star's spectrum and not the planet itself. It differs from the [[transit method]] used by the space-based [[Kepler mission]] and ground-based SuperWASP and [[Next-Generation Transit Survey]] and can therefore be complementary to their observations. This is because the size of an exoplanet can be estimated using the transit method, while Doppler spectroscopy is used to estimate its mass. By combining the measured size and mass from both methods, it can be determined whether the observed exoplanet is gaseous or rocky.
+In 2010 visible camera EulerCam was installed by [[Didier Queloz]]. Camera main  objective  was to measure planet by  [[transit method]]  by  supporting  ground base program such as  [[Wide Angle Search for Planets]] . The size of an exoplanet can be estimated using the transit method. By combining the measured size and mass from both methods, it can be determined whether the observed exoplanet is gaseous or rocky.
-The  [[ELODIE spectrograph]] was a  device similar to CORALIE<ref>
-{{cite web|url=http://obswww.unige.ch/~udry/planet/elodie.html|title=Extrasolar Planet Search Programme at Haute-Provence Observatory|work=[[Observatory of Geneva]]|accessdate=17 August 2015}}</ref>
 === Characteristics ===
-The resolution of CORALIE is fixed at R = 50,000 with a 3 pixel sampling. The detector [[Charge-coupled device|CCD]] is 2k X 2k with a 15 micrometer pixel size.
+The resolution of CORALIE is fixed at R = 50,000 with three-pixel sampling. The detector [[charge-coupled device]] is 2k X 2k with a 15 micrometer pixel size.
 === Discovered exoplanets ===
-Five planetary object have been discovered using CORALIE along with several confirmations of discoveries by other programs.
+The first five planetary object discovered using CORALIE are
 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
 |-
@@ Line 60: / Line 60: @@
 |-
-| align=left | [[HD 75289b]] || 1999 || <ref name="CORALIE-II">
+| align=left | [[HD 75289 b]] || 1999 || <ref name="CORALIE-II">
 {{cite journal
  |title=The CORALIE survey for southern extra-solar planets II. The short-period planetary companions to HD 75289 and HD 130322
@@ Line 89: / Line 89: @@
 |-
-| align=left | [[HD 130322 b]] || 1999 || <ref name="CORALIE-II" />
+| align=left | [[Eiger (planet)|Eiger]] || 1999 || <ref name="CORALIE-II" />
 |-
-| align=left | [[HD 192263b]] || 1999 || <ref name="CORALIE-XI">
+| align=left | [[Beirut (planet)|Beirut]] || 1999 || <ref name="CORALIE-XI">
 {{cite journal
  |title=The CORALIE survey for southern extra-solar planets XI. The return of the giant planet orbiting HD192263
  |display-authors=4
- |last=Santos | first=N.
+ |last1=Santos | first1=N.
  |date=2003
  |journal=[[Astronomy and Astrophysics]]
@@ Line 120: / Line 120: @@
  |bibcode=2003A&A...406..373S
  |arxiv=astro-ph/0305434
+|s2cid=16247618
-}}</ref><ref name="CORALIE-III">
+ }}</ref><ref name="CORALIE-III">
 {{cite journal
  |title= The CORALIE survey for southern extra-solar planets III. A giant planet in orbit around HD 192263
  |display-authors=4
- |last=Santos | first=N.
+ |last1=Santos | first1=N.
  |journal=[[Astronomy and Astrophysics]]
  |date=2000
@@ Line 147: / Line 148: @@
 |-
-| align=left | [[GJ 3021b]] || 2000 || <ref name="CORALIE-V">
+| align=left | [[GJ 3021 b]] || 2000 || <ref name="CORALIE-V">
 {{cite journal
  |title=The CORALIE survey for southern extrasolar planets V: 3 new extrasolar planets
  |display-authors=4
- |last=Naef |first=D.
+ |last1=Naef |first1=D.
  |date=2001
  |journal=[[Astronomy and Astrophysics]]
@@ Line 171: / Line 172: @@
  |first7=M.
  |bibcode=2001A&A...375..205N|arxiv = astro-ph/0106255
+|s2cid=16606841
-}}</ref>
+ }}</ref>
 |}
@@ Line 184: / Line 186: @@
 File:La Silla - Evening.jpg|Sunset at ESO's La Silla observatory in Chile
 File:Fantastic Mr Fox.jpg|Fantastic Mr Fox
-File:Wallpaper of the star cluster NGC 3766.jpg|Star cluster NGC 3766
 </gallery>
@@ Line 236: / Line 237: @@
 {{Exoplanet search projects}}
-[[Category:Optical telescopes]]
+[[Category:Reflecting telescopes]]
 [[Category:European Southern Observatory]]
 [[Category:Spectrographs]]

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