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{{Short description|Queen of Egypt from 142 to 131 BC and again from 127 to 116 BC}}
{{for|other women named Cleopatra|Cleopatra (disambiguation)}}
{{for|other women named Cleopatra|Cleopatra (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox royalty
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Cleopatra III
| name = Cleopatra III
| image= Cleopatra-III-at-Kom-Ombo.jpg
| image = Cleopatra-III-at-Kom-Ombo.jpg
| caption = Cleopatra III at Kom Ombo
| caption = Cleopatra III at Kom Ombo
| coronation =
| coronation =
| alt_name =
| alt_name =
| succession = [[Pharaoh]]
| succession1 = [[List of pharaohs|Queen]] of [[Ancient Egypt|Egypt]]
| reign1 = 142—131 BC
| reign = 142—131 BC
| regent1 = Ptolemy VIII<br>Cleopatra II
| regent = [[Ptolemy VIII]]<br>Cleopatra II
| reg-type1 = Co-rulers
| reg-type = Co-rulers
| predecessor1 = Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra II
| predecessor = Ptolemy VIII and [[Cleopatra II]]
| successor1 = Cleopatra II
| successor = Cleopatra II
| reign2 = 127–101 BC
| reign1 = 127–101 BC
| regent2 = Ptolemy VIII (127–116 BC)<br>Cleopatra II (124–116 BC)<br>Ptolemy IX (116–107 BC)<br>Ptolemy X (107–101 BC)
| regent1 = [[Ptolemy VIII]] (127–116 BC)<br>Cleopatra II (124–116 BC)<br>[[Ptolemy IX]] (116–107 BC)<br>[[Ptolemy X]] (107–101 BC)
| reg-type2 = Co-rulers
| reg-type1 = Co-rulers
| predecessor2 = Cleopatra II
| predecessor1 = Cleopatra II
| successor2 = Ptolemy X and [[Berenice III]]
| successor1 = Ptolemy X and [[Berenice III]]
| spouse = [[Ptolemy VIII of Egypt]] (uncle and step-father)
| spouse = [[Ptolemy VIII of Egypt]] (uncle and step-father)
| issue = {{plainlist|
| issue = [[Ptolemy IX Lathyros|Ptolemy IX]] <br> [[Ptolemy X Alexander I|Ptolemy X]] <br> [[Cleopatra IV of Egypt|Cleopatra IV]] <br> [[Cleopatra Selene of Syria|Cleopatra Selene]] <br> [[Tryphaena]]
*[[Ptolemy IX, King of Egypt]]
| dynasty = [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]]
| father = [[Ptolemy VI of Egypt]]
*[[Ptolemy X, King of Egypt]]
| mother = [[Cleopatra II of Egypt]]
*[[Cleopatra IV, Queen of Egypt]]
*[[Cleopatra Selene, Queen of Syria]]
⚫
| birth_date = c. 169 – 155 BC
*[[Tryphaena|Tryphaena, Queen of Syria]]}}
⚫
| death_date = 101 BC
| burial =
| dynasty = [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]
| father = [[Ptolemy VI of Egypt]]
| mother = [[Cleopatra II of Egypt]]
⚫
| birth_date = c. 160 – 155 BC
⚫
| death_date = 101 BC
| burial =
}}
}}
{{Infobox hieroglyphs |title = Cleopatra III
{{Infobox hieroglyphs |title = Cleopatra III
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|name2 in Serekh = yes
|name2 in Serekh = yes
|name2 Serekh symbol = <hiero>G5</hiero>
|name2 Serekh symbol = <hiero>G5</hiero>
|name2 explanation = '''[[Horus name]]:'''Nebtaoui Kanekhet<br /> ''Lady of the Two Lands, Mighty Bull''
|name2 explanation = '''[[Horus name]]: '''Nebtaoui Kanekhet<br /> ''Lady of the Two Lands, Mighty Bull''
}}
}}


'''Cleopatra III''' ({{lang-grc-gre|Κλεοπάτρα}}; c.169&ndash;101 BC) was a queen of [[Egypt]]. She ruled at first with her mother [[Cleopatra II of Egypt|Cleopatra II]] and husband [[Ptolemy VIII Physcon|Ptolemy VIII]] from 142 to 131 BC and again from 127 to 116 BC. She then ruled with her sons [[Ptolemy IX Lathyros|Ptolemy IX]] and [[Ptolemy X Alexander I|Ptolemy X]] from 116 to 101 BC.
'''Cleopatra III''' ({{langx|grc|Κλεοπάτρα}}; c.160&ndash;101 BC) was a queen of [[Egypt]]. She ruled at first with her mother [[Cleopatra II of Egypt|Cleopatra II]] and husband [[Ptolemy VIII Physcon|Ptolemy VIII]] from 142 to 131 BC and again from 127 to 116 BC. She then ruled with her sons [[Ptolemy IX Lathyros|Ptolemy IX]] and [[Ptolemy X Alexander I|Ptolemy X]] from 116 to 101 BC.


Cleopatra III was also known as '''Cleopatra Euergetis''' while associated with her husband Ptolemy VIII or her son Ptolemy X. She is attested as '''Cleopatra Philometor Soteira''' while associated with her eldest son Ptolemy IX. According to [[Strabo]], she was sometimes known as '''Kokke''' when discussed in relation to her son Ptolemy X.<ref name="CB-CleopatraIII">[http://www.tyndalehouse.com/Egypt/ptolemies/cleopatra_iii_fr.htm Cleopatra III] by Chris Bennett</ref>
Cleopatra III was also known as '''Cleopatra Euergetis''' (Εὐεργέτις) while associated with her husband Ptolemy VIII or her son Ptolemy X. She is attested as '''Cleopatra Philometor Soteira''' (Φιλομήτωρ Σώτειρα) while associated with her eldest son Ptolemy IX. According to [[Strabo]], she was sometimes known as '''Kokke''' (Κόκκη) when discussed in relation to her son Ptolemy X.<ref name="CB-CleopatraIII">[http://www.tyndalehouse.com/Egypt/ptolemies/cleopatra_iii_fr.htm Cleopatra III] by Chris Bennett</ref>


==Life==
==Life==
Cleopatra III's uncle [[Ptolemy VIII]] ruled together with her parents from ca 170 BC to 164 BC, at which point he expelled [[Cleopatra II]] and [[Ptolemy VI]]. However, he was soon forced to abdicate in 163 BC.<ref name="CB-PtolemyVIII">[http://www.tyndalehouse.com/Egypt/ptolemies/ptolemy_viii_fr.htm Ptolemy VIII] by Chris Bennett</ref>
Cleopatra III's uncle [[Ptolemy VIII]] ruled together with her parents from ca 170 BC to 164 BC, at which point he expelled [[Cleopatra II]] and [[Ptolemy VI]]. However, he was soon forced to abdicate in 163 BC.<ref name="CB-PtolemyVIII">[http://www.tyndalehouse.com/Egypt/ptolemies/ptolemy_viii_fr.htm Ptolemy VIII] by Chris Bennett</ref>


Cleopatra III's parents retook the throne and remained in power for almost 20 years until 145 BC. Cleopatra III was born between 160 and 155 BC. She was a sister to [[Ptolemy Eupator]], [[Cleopatra Thea]], [[Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator]], and possibly Berenice.<ref name="CB-PtolemyVI">[http://www.tyndalehouse.com/Egypt/ptolemies/ptolemy_vi_fr.htm Ptolemy VI] by Chris Bennett</ref><ref name="DH">Aidan Dodson, Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2004</ref>
Cleopatra III's parents retook the throne and remained in power for almost 20 years until 145 BC. Cleopatra III was born between 160 and 155 BC. She was a sister to [[Ptolemy Eupator]], [[Cleopatra Thea]], [[Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator]], and possibly Berenice.<ref name="CB-PtolemyVI">[http://www.tyndalehouse.com/Egypt/ptolemies/ptolemy_vi_fr.htm Ptolemy VI] by Chris Bennett</ref><ref name="DH">Aidan Dodson, Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2004</ref>


Ptolemy VI died in 145 BC from injuries sustained when falling from his horse during the battle of Oinoparas against [[Alexander Balas]]. Cleopatra III’s uncle Ptolemy VIII became the King of Egypt again.<ref name="CB-PtolemyVI"/>
Ptolemy VI died in 145 BC from injuries sustained when falling from his horse during the battle of Oinoparas against [[Alexander Balas]]. Cleopatra III's uncle Ptolemy VIII became the King of Egypt again.<ref name="CB-PtolemyVI"/>


===Joint rule with her mother and husband===
===Joint rule with her mother and husband===
Ptolemy VIII first married Cleopatra III’s mother Cleopatra II in 145 BC, and married Cleopatra III in c. 139 BC.<ref name="CB-PtolemyVIII"/>
Ptolemy VIII first married Cleopatra III's mother Cleopatra II in 145 BC, and married Cleopatra III in c. 139 BC.<ref name="CB-PtolemyVIII"/>


Cleopatra II rebelled against Ptolemy VIII in c. 132 BC and Cleopatra III fled to Cyprus in 130 BC with her husband, but was able to return to Alexandria in 127 BC. In c. 124 BC Cleopatra III and her husband were joined again by her mother Cleopatra II as a joint ruler.<ref name="CB-PtolemyVIII"/>
Cleopatra II rebelled against Ptolemy VIII in c. 132 BC and Cleopatra III fled to Cyprus in 130 BC with her husband, but was able to return to Alexandria in 127 BC. In c. 124 BC Cleopatra III and her husband were joined again by her mother Cleopatra II as a joint ruler.<ref name="CB-PtolemyVIII"/>
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!Name!!Image!!Birth!!Death!!Notes
!Name!!Image!!Birth!!Death!!Notes
|-
|-
|[[Ptolemy IX Soter]]||[[File:PtolemyIX-StatueHead MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png|90px]]||142 BC||December 81 BC||Co-ruler of Egypt alongside his mother and grandmother from 116-107 BC, when he was exiled to Cyprus, then co-ruler with his mother once more from 88-81 BC.
|[[Ptolemy IX Soter]]||[[File:PtolemyIX-StatueHead MuseumOfFineArtsBoston.png|90px]]||142 BC||December 81 BC||Co-ruler of Egypt alongside his mother and grandmother from 116 to 107 BC, when he was exiled to Cyprus, then sole ruler from 88 to 81 BC.
|-
|-
|[[Ptolemy X Alexander]] ||[[File:-100 Ptolemaios X. Alexander I. anagoria.JPG|90px]]|| 140 BC?||88-87 BC|| King of Cyprus from 114-107 BC, when he became co-ruler of Egypt alongside his mother, until expelled in 88 BC.
|[[Ptolemy X Alexander]] ||[[File:-100 Ptolemaios X. Alexander I. anagoria.JPG|90px]]|| 140 BC?||88–87 BC|| King of Cyprus from 114 to 107 BC, when he became co-ruler of Egypt alongside his mother, until expelled in 88 BC.
|-
|-
|[[Tryphaena]]|| ||c. 140 BC|| 110/09 BC||Married the Seleucid king [[Antiochus VIII Grypus]] in 124 BC.
|[[Tryphaena]]|| ||c. 140 BC|| 110/09 BC||Married the Seleucid king [[Antiochus VIII Grypus]] in 124 BC.
|-
|-
|[[Cleopatra IV]] || || 138-135 BC?||112 BC|| Married to Ptolemy IX and co-ruler with him from 116-115 BC, when she was divorced from him and remarried to the Seleucid king [[Antiochus IX Cyzicenus]].
|[[Cleopatra IV]] || || 138–135 BC?||112 BC|| Married to Ptolemy IX and co-ruler with him from 116 to 115 BC, when she was divorced from him and remarried to the Seleucid king [[Antiochus IX Cyzicenus]].
|-
|-
|[[Cleopatra Selene of Syria|Cleopatra Selene]]||[[File:Cleopatra Selene Obverse.jpg|90px]] ||135-130 BC?|| 69 BC|| Married to Ptolemy IX from 115 BC until probably 107 BC, when she was possibly remarried to Ptolemy X. Then married in succession to the Seleucid kings Antiochus VIII, Antiochus IX, and [[Antiochus X]].
|[[Cleopatra Selene of Syria|Cleopatra Selene]]||[[File:Cleopatra Selene Obverse.jpg|90px]] ||135–130 BC?|| 69 BC|| Married to Ptolemy IX from 115 BC until probably 107 BC, when she was possibly remarried to Ptolemy X. Then married in succession to the Seleucid kings Antiochus VIII, Antiochus IX, and [[Antiochus X]].
|}
|}


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{{s-bef|before=[[Cleopatra II]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Cleopatra II]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Pharaohs#Ptolemaic Dynasty|Queen of Egypt]]|years=127 BC–101 BC
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Pharaohs#Ptolemaic Dynasty|Queen of Egypt]]|years=127 BC–101 BC
|regent1='''[[Ptolemy VIII]], [[Cleopatra II]], [[Ptolemy IX]] and [[Ptolemy X]]}}
|regent1='''[[Ptolemy VIII]], [[Cleopatra II]], [[Ptolemy IX]] and [[Ptolemy X]]'''}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Ptolemy X]] and [[Berenice III]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Ptolemy X]] and [[Berenice III]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{s-end}}


{{Hellenistic rulers}}
{{Hellenistic rulers}}
{{Pharaohs}}
{{Queens of Ancient Egypt}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Cleopatra 03 of Egypt}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cleopatra 03}}
[[Category:161 BC births]]
[[Category:2nd-century BC births]]
[[Category:101 BC deaths]]
[[Category:101 BC deaths]]
[[Category:2nd-century BC Pharaohs]]
[[Category:2nd-century BC Egyptian women]]
[[Category:2nd-century BC women rulers]]
[[Category:2nd-century BC rulers in Africa]]
[[Category:2nd-century BC Egyptian people]]
[[Category:2nd-century BC Egyptian people]]
[[Category:Egyptian queens regnant]]
[[Category:2nd-century BC pharaohs]]
[[Category:Pharaohs of the Ptolemaic dynasty]]
[[Category:2nd-century BC queens regnant]]
⚫
[[Category:Ancient women regents]]
[[Category:Murdered royalty]]
[[Category:Female pharaohs]]
[[Category:Female pharaohs]]
[[Category:2nd-century BC Egyptian women]]
[[Category:Murdered royalty]]
[[Category:Pharaohs of the Ptolemaic dynasty]]
⚫
[[Category:Daughters of kings]]

Latest revision as of 23:52, 29 November 2024

For other women named Cleopatra, see Cleopatra (disambiguation).
Cleopatra III
Cleopatra III at Kom Ombo
Pharaoh
Reign142—131 BC
PredecessorPtolemy VIII and Cleopatra II
SuccessorCleopatra II
Co-rulersPtolemy VIII
Cleopatra II
Reign127–101 BC
PredecessorCleopatra II
SuccessorPtolemy X and Berenice III
Co-rulersPtolemy VIII (127–116 BC)
Cleopatra II (124–116 BC)
Ptolemy IX (116–107 BC)
Ptolemy X (107–101 BC)
Bornc. 160 – 155 BC
Died101 BC
SpousePtolemy VIII of Egypt (uncle and step-father)
Issue
DynastyPtolemaic dynasty
FatherPtolemy VI of Egypt
MotherCleopatra II of Egypt
Cleopatra III in hieroglyphs
G5
 ​
N6
t H8		 E1
D36		 V30
N16
N16
Horus name: Nebtaoui Kanekhet
Lady of the Two Lands, Mighty Bull

Cleopatra III (Ancient Greek: Κλεοπάτρα; c.160–101 BC) was a queen of Egypt. She ruled at first with her mother Cleopatra II and husband Ptolemy VIII from 142 to 131 BC and again from 127 to 116 BC. She then ruled with her sons Ptolemy IX and Ptolemy X from 116 to 101 BC.

Cleopatra III was also known as Cleopatra Euergetis (Εὐεργέτις) while associated with her husband Ptolemy VIII or her son Ptolemy X. She is attested as Cleopatra Philometor Soteira (Φιλομήτωρ Σώτειρα) while associated with her eldest son Ptolemy IX. According to Strabo, she was sometimes known as Kokke (Κόκκη) when discussed in relation to her son Ptolemy X.[1]

Life

[edit]

Cleopatra III's uncle Ptolemy VIII ruled together with her parents from ca 170 BC to 164 BC, at which point he expelled Cleopatra II and Ptolemy VI. However, he was soon forced to abdicate in 163 BC.[2]

Cleopatra III's parents retook the throne and remained in power for almost 20 years until 145 BC. Cleopatra III was born between 160 and 155 BC. She was a sister to Ptolemy Eupator, Cleopatra Thea, Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator, and possibly Berenice.[3][4]

Ptolemy VI died in 145 BC from injuries sustained when falling from his horse during the battle of Oinoparas against Alexander Balas. Cleopatra III's uncle Ptolemy VIII became the King of Egypt again.[3]

Joint rule with her mother and husband

[edit]

Ptolemy VIII first married Cleopatra III's mother Cleopatra II in 145 BC, and married Cleopatra III in c. 139 BC.[2]

Cleopatra II rebelled against Ptolemy VIII in c. 132 BC and Cleopatra III fled to Cyprus in 130 BC with her husband, but was able to return to Alexandria in 127 BC. In c. 124 BC Cleopatra III and her husband were joined again by her mother Cleopatra II as a joint ruler.[2]

Joint rule with her sons

[edit]

After the death of Ptolemy VIII in 116 BC Cleopatra III ruled jointly with her mother Cleopatra II and her son Ptolemy IX. Her mother died late into the same year or early into the next year (115 BC).[2]

Cleopatra III expelled Ptolemy IX from Alexandria in 107 BC and replaced him as co-regent with her second son Ptolemy X. After 6 years of joint rule Ptolemy X had his mother Cleopatra III murdered in 101 BC. Cleopatra III was succeeded by Ptolemy X, possibly in joint rule with his wife Berenice III, who was Cleopatra III's granddaughter.[1]

Issue

[edit]

Cleopatra III and Ptolemy VIII married in 142 or 141 BC and had five children:[1][4]

Name Image Birth Death Notes
Ptolemy IX Soter 142 BC December 81 BC Co-ruler of Egypt alongside his mother and grandmother from 116 to 107 BC, when he was exiled to Cyprus, then sole ruler from 88 to 81 BC.
Ptolemy X Alexander 140 BC? 88–87 BC King of Cyprus from 114 to 107 BC, when he became co-ruler of Egypt alongside his mother, until expelled in 88 BC.
Tryphaena c. 140 BC 110/09 BC Married the Seleucid king Antiochus VIII Grypus in 124 BC.
Cleopatra IV 138–135 BC? 112 BC Married to Ptolemy IX and co-ruler with him from 116 to 115 BC, when she was divorced from him and remarried to the Seleucid king Antiochus IX Cyzicenus.
Cleopatra Selene 135–130 BC? 69 BC Married to Ptolemy IX from 115 BC until probably 107 BC, when she was possibly remarried to Ptolemy X. Then married in succession to the Seleucid kings Antiochus VIII, Antiochus IX, and Antiochus X.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Cleopatra III by Chris Bennett
  2. ^ a b c d Ptolemy VIII by Chris Bennett
  3. ^ a b Ptolemy VI by Chris Bennett
  4. ^ a b Aidan Dodson, Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2004
Cleopatra III
Born: ca. 160 – 155 BC Died: 101 BC
Regnal titles
Preceded by Queen of Egypt
142 BC–131 BC
with Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra II 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Queen of Egypt
127 BC–101 BC
with Ptolemy VIII, Cleopatra II, Ptolemy IX and Ptolemy X 		Succeeded by
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