Jump to content

Michael Hardie Boys: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
place of death + ref; tweak section heading
→Governor-General: move paragraph
 
(30 intermediate revisions by 19 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|17th Governor-General of New Zealand}}
{{Short description|17th Governor-General of New Zealand (1931–2023)}}
⚫
{{Family name hatnote|Hardie Boys|Boys}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2011}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2011}}
⚫
{{family name hatnote|Hardie Boys|Boys}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
Line 22: Line 22:
| death_place = [[Waikanae]], New Zealand
| death_place = [[Waikanae]], New Zealand
| spouse = {{marriage|Mary Zohrab|1957}}
| spouse = {{marriage|Mary Zohrab|1957}}
| relatives = [[Reginald Hardie Boys]] (father)
| profession = {{Hlist|Lawyer|judge}}
| profession = {{Hlist|Lawyer|judge}}
}}
}}


'''Sir Michael Hardie Boys''', {{postnominals|country=NZL|size=100%|sep=,|GNZMa|GCMG|QSO|KStJ|PC}} (6 October 1931 – 29 December 2023) was a New Zealand lawyer, judge and jurist who served as the [[List of Governors-General of New Zealand|17th]] [[Governor-General of New Zealand]], in office from 1996 to 2001.
'''Sir Michael Hardie Boys''', {{postnominals|country=NZL|size=100%|sep=,|GNZMa|GCMG|QSO|KStJ|PC}} (6 October 1931 – 29 December 2023) was a New Zealand lawyer, judge and [[jurist]] who served as the [[List of Governors-General of New Zealand|17th]] [[Governor-General of New Zealand]], in office from 1996 to 2001.


==Early life and family==
==Early life and family==
Hardie Boys was born in 1931 in [[Wellington]].<ref name="Who's Who">{{cite book |title=Who's Who in New Zealand, 1991 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6x8OAQAAMAAJ |last1=Lambert |first1=Max |year=1991 |edition=12th |publisher=Octopus |location=Auckland|isbn = 9780790001302 |page=263}}</ref> His father was the Hon. Reginald Hardie Boys<!-- Q106687730 --> (1903–1970), a judge of the [[High Court of New Zealand|Supreme Court]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Who's Who in New Zealand, 1961 |last=Petersen |first=George Conrad |authorlink=George Petersen (historian) |year=1961 |edition=7th |publisher=[[A.H. & A.W. Reed]] |location=Wellington |page=150}}</ref> After his schooling at Hataitai School and [[Wellington College, Wellington|Wellington College]], Hardie Boys gained a [[Bachelor of Arts]] and [[Bachelor of Laws]] from [[Victoria University of Wellington|Victoria University College]] in 1954. Hardie Boys married Mary Zohrab in 1957. They had two sons and two daughters.<ref name="Who's Who" />
Hardie Boys was born in 1931 in [[Wellington]],<ref name="Who's Who">{{cite book |title=Who's Who in New Zealand, 1991 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6x8OAQAAMAAJ |last1=Lambert |first1=Max |year=1991 |edition=12th |publisher=Octopus |location=Auckland|isbn = 9780790001302 |page=263}}</ref> the son of Edith May (née Bennett) and [[Reginald Hardie Boys]]<!-- Q106687730 --> (1903–1970), a lawyer and later judge of the [[High Court of New Zealand|Supreme Court]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Who's Who in New Zealand, 1961 |last=Petersen |first=George Conrad |authorlink=George Petersen (historian) |year=1961 |edition=7th |publisher=[[A.H. & A.W. Reed]] |location=Wellington |page=150}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/DOM19291003.2.10 |title=Wedding |date=3 October 1929 |work=[[The Dominion (Wellington)|The Dominion]] |volume=23 |issue=7 |page=4 |access-date=2 January 2024 |via=[[PapersPast]]}}</ref> After his schooling at Hataitai School and [[Wellington College, Wellington|Wellington College]], Hardie Boys gained a Bachelor of Arts and [[Bachelor of Laws]] from [[Victoria University of Wellington|Victoria University College]] in 1954.<ref name="Who's Who" /> Hardie Boys married Mary Zohrab, a great-granddaughter of [[Octavius Hadfield]], in 1957.<ref name="Who's Who" /><ref name="WHS 1996">{{cite journal |url=https://docplayer.net/90441590-Wesley-historical-society-nz-publication-page-1.html |title=The governor general and a Primitive Methodist heritage |first=D. H. |last=Burt |pages=4–5 |journal=Wesley Historical Society (NZ) Journal |year=1996 |issue=63 |access-date=2 January 2024}}</ref> They had two sons and two daughters.<ref name="Who's Who" />


==Legal career==
==Legal career==
A lawyer by profession, Hardie Boys was a partner in his father's law firm; this became Scott Hardie Boys & Morrison.<ref name="Who's Who" /> He was on the council of the Wellington District Court Law Society (1973–1979) before he became its president in 1979. He was on the council of the [[New Zealand Law Society]] (1976–1979). For the New Zealand Law Society, he served on the Legal Aid Board before appointed its chairman in 1978.<ref name="Chief Justice obit">{{cite press release |last1=Winkelmann |first1=Helen |author1-link=Helen Winkelmann |title=Chief Justice pays tribute to Sir Michael Hardie Boys |url= https://www.courtsofnz.govt.nz/assets/7-Publications/Announcements/20231230-Chief-Justice-pays-tribute-to-Sir-Michael-Hardie-Boys.pdf |publisher=[[Chief Justice of New Zealand]] |access-date=30 December 2023 |date=30 December 2023}}</ref>
A lawyer by profession, Hardie Boys was a partner in his father's law firm; this became Scott Hardie Boys & Morrison.<ref name="Who's Who" /> He was on the council of the Wellington District Court Law Society (1973–1979) before he became its president in 1979. He was on the council of the [[New Zealand Law Society]] (1976–1979). For the New Zealand Law Society, he served on the Legal Aid Board before appointed its chairman in 1978.<ref name="Chief Justice obit">{{cite press release |last1=Winkelmann |first1=Helen |author1-link=Helen Winkelmann |title=Chief Justice pays tribute to Sir Michael Hardie Boys |url= https://www.courtsofnz.govt.nz/assets/7-Publications/Announcements/20231230-Chief-Justice-pays-tribute-to-Sir-Michael-Hardie-Boys.pdf |publisher=[[Chief Justice of New Zealand]] |access-date=30 December 2023 |date=30 December 2023}}</ref>


Hardie Boys became a judge of the [[High Court of New Zealand]] in 1980 (prior to 1980, the name was Supreme Court, i.e. he sat in the same court that his father had). In 1989 he was elevated to the [[Court of Appeal of New Zealand|Court of Appeal]], and was appointed a [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Privy Counsellor]].<ref>"Appointments to the Privy Council" {{nowrap|(14 September 1989)}} 159 ''[[New Zealand Gazette]]'' 4242.</ref> In 1994 he was elected as an Honorary Bencher at [[Gray's Inn]], and in 1995 became an Honorary [[Fellow]] of [[Wolfson College, Cambridge]]. He was also a visiting fellow at Wolfson. In the [[1996 New Year Honours (New Zealand)|1996 New Year Honours]], Hardie Boys was appointed a [[Order of St Michael and St George|Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]].<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=54256 |date=30 December 1995 |page=33 |supp=2}}</ref>
Hardie Boys became a judge of the [[High Court of New Zealand]] in 1980 (prior to 1980, the name was Supreme Court, i.e. he sat in the same court that his father had). In 1989, he was elevated to the [[Court of Appeal of New Zealand|Court of Appeal]], and was appointed a [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Privy Counsellor]].<ref>"Appointments to the Privy Council" {{nowrap|(14 September 1989)}} 159 ''[[New Zealand Gazette]]'' 4242.</ref> In 1994, he was elected as an Honorary Bencher at [[Gray's Inn]], and in 1995 became an Honorary [[Fellow]] of [[Wolfson College, Cambridge]]. He was also a visiting fellow at Wolfson. In the [[1996 New Year Honours (New Zealand)|1996 New Year Honours]], Hardie Boys was appointed a [[Order of St Michael and St George|Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]].<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=54256 |date=30 December 1995 |page=33 |supp=2}}</ref>


==Governor-General==
==Governor-General==
[[File:Bill Clinton Michael Hardie-Boys.jpg|thumb|left|Hardie Boys (left) with United States President [[Bill Clinton]], 1999]]
[[File:President Bill Clinton pays a courtesy call to New Zealand Governor General Sir Hardie-Boys.jpg|thumb|left|Hardie Boys (left) with United States President [[Bill Clinton]], 1999]]
⚫
On 21 March 1996, Hardie Boys was appointed by Queen [[Elizabeth II]], [[Monarchy of New Zealand|Queen of New Zealand]] on the advice of Prime Minister [[Jim Bolger]], as the [[Governor-General of New Zealand]]. As the [[1996 New Zealand general election]] would be the first MMP election, the appointment of a lawyer was desirable.<ref name="Chief Justice obit" /><ref name="official bio">{{cite web |title=The Rt Hon Sir Michael Hardie Boys, GNZM, GCMG, QSO |url= https://gg.govt.nz/biographies/rt-hon-sir-michael-hardie-boys-gnzm-gcmg-qso |publisher=[[Governor-General of New Zealand]] |access-date=30 December 2023}}</ref>


⚫
On 21 March 1996, Hardie Boys was appointed by Queen [[Elizabeth II]], [[Monarchy of New Zealand|Queen of New Zealand]] on the advice of Prime Minister [[Jim Bolger]], as the [[Governor-General of New Zealand]]. As the forthcoming [[1996 New Zealand general election|1996 general election]] would be the first [[mixed-member proportional representation]] (MMP) election, the appointment of a lawyer with an understanding of [[constitutional law]] was desirable.<ref name="Chief Justice obit" /><ref name="official bio">{{cite web |title=The Rt Hon Sir Michael Hardie Boys, GNZM, GCMG, QSO |date= January 1996 |url= https://gg.govt.nz/biographies/rt-hon-sir-michael-hardie-boys-gnzm-gcmg-qso |publisher=[[Governor-General of New Zealand]] |access-date=30 December 2023}}</ref> Bolger had notified all leaders of parties then represented in parliament, to ensure broad cross-party support. At subsequent appointments, other party leaders are only notified very shortly before the announcement is made, if at all.<ref>{{cite book |first=Gavin |last=McLean|title=The Governors: New Zealand's Governors and Governors-General |date=2006 |publisher=Otago University Press |location=Dunedin |url=http://www.otago.ac.nz/press/booksauthors/2006/governors.html |page=123 |isbn= 1-877372-25-0 }}</ref>
⚫
In the [[1996 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)|1996 Queen's Birthday Honours]], Hardie Boys was the first person appointed a [[New Zealand Order of Merit|Knight Grand Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dpmc.govt.nz/publications/queens-birthday-honours-list-1996 |title=Queen's Birthday honours list 1996 |date=3 June 1996 |publisher=Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet |access-date=20 July 2020}}</ref> He was also appointed a [[Order of Saint John (chartered 1888)|Knight of the Order of St John of Jerusalem]] in April 1996.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=54362 |date=3 April 1996 |page=4857}}</ref>


In May 1996, shortly before the introduction of MMP, Hardie Boys announced that his role in the event of an unclear election outcome would be limited; he stated that he would not personally decide who led a government but would act on the advice of elected politicians.<ref>{{Cite speech |first=Michael |last=Hardie Boys |title=The Role of the Governor-General under MMP |date=24 May 1996 |event=Address to the Annual Dinner of the Institute of International Affairs |location=Wellington}}</ref>
⚫
Upon the completion of his term on 21 March 2001, Sir Michael and Lady Hardie Boys were both [[2001 Special Honours (New Zealand)|appointed]] additional Companions of the [[Queen's Service Order]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://dpmc.govt.nz/publications/special-honours-lists-issued-20-and-21-march-2001 | title=Special Honours Lists – issued 20 and 21 March 2001 |date=6 April 2011 | publisher=Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet | access-date=20 July 2020}}</ref>


⚫
In the [[1996 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)|1996 Queen's Birthday Honours]], Hardie Boys was the first person appointed a [[New Zealand Order of Merit|Knight Grand Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit]].<ref>{{cite web |url= https://dpmc.govt.nz/publications/queens-birthday-honours-list-1996 |title=Queen's Birthday honours list 1996 |date=3 June 1996 |publisher=Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet |access-date=20 July 2020}}</ref> He was also appointed a [[Order of Saint John (chartered 1888)|Knight of the Order of St John of Jerusalem]] in April 1996.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=54362 |date=3 April 1996 |page=4857}}</ref>
===Controversies===

Controversy ensued in 1996 when Hardie Boys stated his opposition to Minister of Youth Affairs [[Deborah Morris-Travers|Deborah Morris]]'s suggestion that young people have access to contraceptives.<ref name="governors">{{citation|author=Gavin Mclean|title=The Governors, New Zealand Governors and Governors-General|publisher=Otago University Press|date=October 2006|page=281}}</ref> Later, in 2001, further controversy arose when he made an implied attack on the [[Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand|Clark Labour Government's]] scrapping of the air defence wing of the [[Royal New Zealand Air Force]].<ref name="governors"/>
Controversy ensued in 1996 when he stated his opposition to Minister of Youth Affairs [[Deborah Morris-Travers|Deborah Morris]]'s suggestion that young people have access to contraceptives.<ref name="governors">{{citation |first=Gavin |last=Mclean |title=The Governors, New Zealand Governors and Governors-General |publisher=Otago University Press |date=October 2006 |page=281}}</ref> Later, in 2001, further controversy arose when he made an implied attack on the [[Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand|Clark Labour Government's]] scrapping of the air defence wing of the [[Royal New Zealand Air Force]].<ref name="governors"/>

As governor-general, Hardie Boys had constitutional, ceremonial and community functions as per New Zealand's conventions. The constitutional duties involved summoning parliament at the beginning of each parliamentary session, delivering the prime minister's [[speech from the throne]] as part of these openings,{{efn|The speech from the throne would be read by the monarch if in the country but during Hardie Boys' term, [[Elizabeth II]] did not visit; she had last been in New Zealand in November 1995 and next in February 2002.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://gg.govt.nz/office-governor-general/queens-platinum-jubilee/queens-visits-new-zealand |title=The Queen's visits to New Zealand |date=3 February 2022 |publisher=Government House |access-date=5 January 2024}}</ref>}} the signing of bills that had been passed by parliament into law. Ceremonial duties included bestowing [[New Zealand royal honours system|royal honours]], and to [[Prorogation|prorogue]] parliament at the end of its term. Ceremonial duties included acting as patron for many of the country's societies.<ref name="McLean2016">{{cite encyclopedia |last1=McLean|first1=Gavin|title=Governors and governors-general|url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/governors-and-governors-general|encyclopedia=[[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand]] |access-date=5 January 2024 |date=28 September 2016}}</ref>

Hardie Boys travelled extensively in the South Pacific, visiting Niue, Tokelau, and the Cook Islands – where he served as Governor-General – as well as Tonga, Samoa, Fiji, New Caledonia, and French Polynesia. His visits to New Caledonia and French Polynesia were the first by a New Zealand governor-general.<ref name="Clark">{{cite speech |last1=Clark |first1=Helen |title=PM's address at State farewell for Sir Michael and Lady Hardie Boys |url=https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/pms-address-state-farewell-sir-michael-and-lady-hardie-boys |website=beehive.govt.nz |access-date=30 November 2024 |language=en-NZ |date=21 March 2001}}</ref> Hardie Boys hosted United States President [[Bill Clinton]] during the 1999 [[Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation|APEC]] Summit in Auckland,<ref>{{cite web |title=President's Trip to New Zealand for APEC Leaders Meeting and State Visit |url=https://clintonwhitehouse3.archives.gov/WH/New/APEC1999/itinerary.html |website=clintonwhitehouse3.archives.gov |access-date=30 November 2024}}</ref> and represented New Zealand at the 50th anniversary of [[NATO]] in Washington. He made a full state visit to China in November 2000.<ref name="Clark"/>

⚫
Upon the completion of his term on 21 March 2001, Sir Michael and Lady Hardie Boys were both [[2001 Special Honours (New Zealand)|appointed]] additional Companions of the [[Queen's Service Order]].<ref>{{cite web | url= https://dpmc.govt.nz/publications/special-honours-lists-issued-20-and-21-march-2001 | title=Special Honours Lists – issued 20 and 21 March 2001 |date=6 April 2011 | publisher=Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet | access-date=20 July 2020}}</ref>


==Retirement and death==
==Retirement and death==
Line 51: Line 58:
In 2004, Hardie Boys stated his opposition to [[Republicanism in New Zealand|New Zealand becoming a republic]], stating in an interview: "If it ain't broke, don't fix it."<ref name="ggsupport">{{cite news |url= https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=3610094 |title=Ditch Queen, say former Governors-General: New Zealand Herald |access-date=2 August 2006 |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |date=14 November 2004}}</ref>
In 2004, Hardie Boys stated his opposition to [[Republicanism in New Zealand|New Zealand becoming a republic]], stating in an interview: "If it ain't broke, don't fix it."<ref name="ggsupport">{{cite news |url= https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=3610094 |title=Ditch Queen, say former Governors-General: New Zealand Herald |access-date=2 August 2006 |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |date=14 November 2004}}</ref>


Hardie Boys died in Waikanae on 29 December 2023, at the age of 92.<ref>[https://www.thepress.co.nz/nz-news/350139540/sir-michael-hardie-boys-former-governor-general-dies Sir Michael Hardie Boys, former Governor-General, dies]</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/505794/former-governor-general-sir-michael-hardie-boys-dies |title=Former Governor-General Sir Michael Hardie Boys dies |date=30 December 2023 |work=[[RNZ News]] |access-date=30 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.legacy.com/nz/obituaries/dominion-post-nz/name/sir-hardie-boys-obituary?id=53976892 |title=Sir Michael Hardie Boys |date=1 January 2024 |work=[[The Post (New Zealand newspaper)|The Post]] |access-date=1 January 2024}}</ref>
Hardie Boys died in Waikanae on 29 December 2023, at the age of 92.<ref name="Press obit" /><ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/505794/former-governor-general-sir-michael-hardie-boys-dies |title=Former Governor-General Sir Michael Hardie Boys dies |date=30 December 2023 |work=[[RNZ News]] |access-date=30 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.legacy.com/nz/obituaries/dominion-post-nz/name/sir-hardie-boys-obituary?id=53976892 |title=Sir Michael Hardie Boys |date=1 January 2024 |work=[[The Post (New Zealand newspaper)|The Post]] |access-date=1 January 2024}}</ref> His wife, Mary, Lady Hardie Boys, died on 26 June 2024, also at Waikanae.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.legacy.com/nz/obituaries/nzherald-nz/name/lady-hardie-boys-obituary?id=55464553 |title=Lady Hardie Boys obituary |date=1 July 2024 |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=1 July 2024}}</ref>


==Arms==
==Arms==
Line 64: Line 71:
}}
}}


== Explanatory footnotes ==
⚫
==Further reading==
{{notelist}}
⚫
*{{cite book |first=Michael |last=Hardie Boys |title=The Boy from Evans Bay: The memoirs of Sir Michael Hardie Boys |date=2016 | isbn=9780473358075 |publisher=Evans Bay Press}} (auto-biography)


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

⚫
==Further reading==
⚫
*{{cite book |first=Michael |last=Hardie Boys |title=The Boy from Evans Bay: The memoirs of Sir Michael Hardie Boys |date=2016 | isbn=9780473358075 |publisher=Evans Bay Press}} (auto-biography)


{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
Line 74: Line 84:
{{succession box | before=[[Catherine Tizard|Dame Catherine Tizard]] | title=[[Governor-General of New Zealand]] | years=1996–2001 | after=[[Silvia Cartwright|Dame Silvia Cartwright]]}}
{{succession box | before=[[Catherine Tizard|Dame Catherine Tizard]] | title=[[Governor-General of New Zealand]] | years=1996–2001 | after=[[Silvia Cartwright|Dame Silvia Cartwright]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{s-end}}

{{Governors-General of New Zealand}}
{{Governors-General of New Zealand}}
{{authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Hardie Boys, Michael}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hardie Boys, Michael}}
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
⚫
[[Category:20th-century New Zealand judges]]
⚫
[[Category:20th-century New Zealand lawyers]]
⚫
[[Category:21st-century New Zealand judges]]
⚫
[[Category:Companions of the Queen's Service Order]]
[[Category:Court of Appeal of New Zealand judges]]
[[Category:Court of Appeal of New Zealand judges]]
[[Category:Fellows of Wolfson College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Fellows of Wolfson College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:People educated at Wellington College (New Zealand)]]
[[Category:Governors-general of New Zealand]]
[[Category:Governors-General of New Zealand]]
[[Category:High Court of New Zealand judges]]
[[Category:High Court of New Zealand judges]]
⚫
[[Category:Knights Grand Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit]]
⚫
[[Category:Knights of Justice of the Order of St John]]
⚫
[[Category:Members of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council]]
[[Category:New Zealand judges on the courts of Kiribati]]
[[Category:New Zealand judges on the courts of Kiribati]]
[[Category:New Zealand Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
[[Category:New Zealand Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
⚫
[[Category:New Zealand members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom]]
⚫
[[Category:New Zealand monarchists]]
[[Category:People educated at Wellington College, Wellington]]
[[Category:People from Waikanae]]
[[Category:People from Waikanae]]
⚫
[[Category:Members of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council]]
⚫
[[Category:New Zealand monarchists]]
[[Category:Victoria University of Wellington alumni]]
[[Category:Victoria University of Wellington alumni]]
⚫
[[Category:Knights Grand Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit]]
⚫
[[Category:Companions of the Queen's Service Order]]
⚫
[[Category:Knights of Justice of the Order of St John]]
⚫
[[Category:New Zealand members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom]]
⚫
[[Category:20th-century New Zealand lawyers]]
⚫
[[Category:20th-century New Zealand judges]]
⚫
[[Category:21st-century New Zealand judges]]
[[Category:Williams family (New Zealand)]]
[[Category:Williams family (New Zealand)]]

Latest revision as of 00:35, 30 November 2024

In this article, the surname is Hardie Boys, not Boys.

The Right Honourable
Sir Michael Hardie Boys
GNZM GCMG QSO KStJ
Hardie Boys in 2001
17th Governor-General of New Zealand
In office
21 March 1996 – 21 March 2001
MonarchElizabeth II
Prime MinisterJim Bolger
Jenny Shipley
Helen Clark
Preceded byDame Catherine Tizard
Succeeded byDame Silvia Cartwright
Personal details
Born(1931-10-06)6 October 1931
Wellington, New Zealand
Died29 December 2023(2023-12-29) (aged 92)
Waikanae, New Zealand
Spouse
Mary Zohrab
​
(m. 1957)​
RelativesReginald Hardie Boys (father)
Profession
  • Lawyer
  • judge

Sir Michael Hardie Boys, GNZM, GCMG, QSO, KStJ, PC (6 October 1931 – 29 December 2023) was a New Zealand lawyer, judge and jurist who served as the 17th Governor-General of New Zealand, in office from 1996 to 2001.

Early life and family

[edit]

Hardie Boys was born in 1931 in Wellington,[1] the son of Edith May (née Bennett) and Reginald Hardie Boys (1903–1970), a lawyer and later judge of the Supreme Court.[2][3] After his schooling at Hataitai School and Wellington College, Hardie Boys gained a Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws from Victoria University College in 1954.[1] Hardie Boys married Mary Zohrab, a great-granddaughter of Octavius Hadfield, in 1957.[1][4] They had two sons and two daughters.[1]

[edit]

A lawyer by profession, Hardie Boys was a partner in his father's law firm; this became Scott Hardie Boys & Morrison.[1] He was on the council of the Wellington District Court Law Society (1973–1979) before he became its president in 1979. He was on the council of the New Zealand Law Society (1976–1979). For the New Zealand Law Society, he served on the Legal Aid Board before appointed its chairman in 1978.[5]

Hardie Boys became a judge of the High Court of New Zealand in 1980 (prior to 1980, the name was Supreme Court, i.e. he sat in the same court that his father had). In 1989, he was elevated to the Court of Appeal, and was appointed a Privy Counsellor.[6] In 1994, he was elected as an Honorary Bencher at Gray's Inn, and in 1995 became an Honorary Fellow of Wolfson College, Cambridge. He was also a visiting fellow at Wolfson. In the 1996 New Year Honours, Hardie Boys was appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George.[7]

Governor-General

[edit]
Hardie Boys (left) with United States President Bill Clinton, 1999

On 21 March 1996, Hardie Boys was appointed by Queen Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand on the advice of Prime Minister Jim Bolger, as the Governor-General of New Zealand. As the forthcoming 1996 general election would be the first mixed-member proportional representation (MMP) election, the appointment of a lawyer with an understanding of constitutional law was desirable.[5][8] Bolger had notified all leaders of parties then represented in parliament, to ensure broad cross-party support. At subsequent appointments, other party leaders are only notified very shortly before the announcement is made, if at all.[9]

In May 1996, shortly before the introduction of MMP, Hardie Boys announced that his role in the event of an unclear election outcome would be limited; he stated that he would not personally decide who led a government but would act on the advice of elected politicians.[10]

In the 1996 Queen's Birthday Honours, Hardie Boys was the first person appointed a Knight Grand Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit.[11] He was also appointed a Knight of the Order of St John of Jerusalem in April 1996.[12]

Controversy ensued in 1996 when he stated his opposition to Minister of Youth Affairs Deborah Morris's suggestion that young people have access to contraceptives.[13] Later, in 2001, further controversy arose when he made an implied attack on the Clark Labour Government's scrapping of the air defence wing of the Royal New Zealand Air Force.[13]

As governor-general, Hardie Boys had constitutional, ceremonial and community functions as per New Zealand's conventions. The constitutional duties involved summoning parliament at the beginning of each parliamentary session, delivering the prime minister's speech from the throne as part of these openings,[a] the signing of bills that had been passed by parliament into law. Ceremonial duties included bestowing royal honours, and to prorogue parliament at the end of its term. Ceremonial duties included acting as patron for many of the country's societies.[15]

Hardie Boys travelled extensively in the South Pacific, visiting Niue, Tokelau, and the Cook Islands – where he served as Governor-General – as well as Tonga, Samoa, Fiji, New Caledonia, and French Polynesia. His visits to New Caledonia and French Polynesia were the first by a New Zealand governor-general.[16] Hardie Boys hosted United States President Bill Clinton during the 1999 APEC Summit in Auckland,[17] and represented New Zealand at the 50th anniversary of NATO in Washington. He made a full state visit to China in November 2000.[16]

Upon the completion of his term on 21 March 2001, Sir Michael and Lady Hardie Boys were both appointed additional Companions of the Queen's Service Order.[18]

Retirement and death

[edit]

After his retirement as Governor-General of New Zealand, Hardie Boys served as a judge of the Kiribati Court of Appeal. He lived in retirement at Waikanae, where he helped out at Kapanui School's literacy programme.[19]

In 2004, Hardie Boys stated his opposition to New Zealand becoming a republic, stating in an interview: "If it ain't broke, don't fix it."[20]

Hardie Boys died in Waikanae on 29 December 2023, at the age of 92.[19][21][22] His wife, Mary, Lady Hardie Boys, died on 26 June 2024, also at Waikanae.[23]

Arms

[edit]
Coat of arms of Sir Michael Hardie Boys
Notes
Michael Hardie Boys was granted armorial bearings with life supporters by the College of Arms on 8 February 2000, which consist of:[24][25]
Crest
Perched on a Log fesswise a New Zealand bellbird proper holding in the beak an Anchor Or.
Escutcheon
Gules between two Pallets Argent a Cross formy convex Or on each limb a Mullet Gules on a Chief Or the Royal Crown between two full bottomed Wigs proper.
Supporters
On either side a North Island Weka proper.
Motto
Certus et Constans (Sure and Steadfast – in reference to the Boys' Brigade)

Explanatory footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^ The speech from the throne would be read by the monarch if in the country but during Hardie Boys' term, Elizabeth II did not visit; she had last been in New Zealand in November 1995 and next in February 2002.[14]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e Lambert, Max (1991). Who's Who in New Zealand, 1991 (12th ed.). Auckland: Octopus. p. 263. ISBN 9780790001302.
  2. ^ Petersen, George Conrad (1961). Who's Who in New Zealand, 1961 (7th ed.). Wellington: A.H. & A.W. Reed. p. 150.
  3. ^ "Wedding". The Dominion. Vol. 23, no. 7. 3 October 1929. p. 4. Retrieved 2 January 2024 – via PapersPast.
  4. ^ Burt, D. H. (1996). "The governor general and a Primitive Methodist heritage". Wesley Historical Society (NZ) Journal (63): 4–5. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  5. ^ a b Winkelmann, Helen (30 December 2023). "Chief Justice pays tribute to Sir Michael Hardie Boys" (PDF) (Press release). Chief Justice of New Zealand. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  6. ^ "Appointments to the Privy Council" (14 September 1989) 159 New Zealand Gazette 4242.
  7. ^ "No. 54256". The London Gazette (2nd supplement). 30 December 1995. p. 33.
  8. ^ "The Rt Hon Sir Michael Hardie Boys, GNZM, GCMG, QSO". Governor-General of New Zealand. January 1996. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  9. ^ McLean, Gavin (2006). The Governors: New Zealand's Governors and Governors-General. Dunedin: Otago University Press. p. 123. ISBN 1-877372-25-0.
  10. ^ Hardie Boys, Michael (24 May 1996). The Role of the Governor-General under MMP (Speech). Address to the Annual Dinner of the Institute of International Affairs. Wellington.
  11. ^ "Queen's Birthday honours list 1996". Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. 3 June 1996. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  12. ^ "No. 54362". The London Gazette. 3 April 1996. p. 4857.
  13. ^ a b Mclean, Gavin (October 2006), The Governors, New Zealand Governors and Governors-General, Otago University Press, p. 281
  14. ^ "The Queen's visits to New Zealand". Government House. 3 February 2022. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  15. ^ McLean, Gavin (28 September 2016). "Governors and governors-general". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  16. ^ a b Clark, Helen (21 March 2001). PM's address at State farewell for Sir Michael and Lady Hardie Boys (Speech). beehive.govt.nz. Retrieved 30 November 2024.
  17. ^ "President's Trip to New Zealand for APEC Leaders Meeting and State Visit". clintonwhitehouse3.archives.gov. Retrieved 30 November 2024.
  18. ^ "Special Honours Lists – issued 20 and 21 March 2001". Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. 6 April 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  19. ^ a b MacDuff, Keiller (30 December 2023). "Sir Michael Hardie Boys, former Governor-General, dies". The Press. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  20. ^ "Ditch Queen, say former Governors-General: New Zealand Herald". The New Zealand Herald. 14 November 2004. Retrieved 2 August 2006.
  21. ^ "Former Governor-General Sir Michael Hardie Boys dies". RNZ News. 30 December 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  22. ^ "Sir Michael Hardie Boys". The Post. 1 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  23. ^ "Lady Hardie Boys obituary". The New Zealand Herald. 1 July 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  24. ^ TRANSCRIPT OF EXTRACT FROM THE RECORDS OF THE COLLEGE OF ARMS – Grants 166/110 – Grant of Arms, Crest and Supporters to Sir Michael Hardie Boys, College of Arms, 2000
  25. ^ "New Zealand elements". The Governor-General of New Zealand. Retrieved 26 October 2023.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Hardie Boys, Michael (2016). The Boy from Evans Bay: The memoirs of Sir Michael Hardie Boys. Evans Bay Press. ISBN 9780473358075. (auto-biography)
Government offices
Preceded by Governor-General of New Zealand
1996–2001 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Michael_Hardie_Boys&oldid=1260299894"