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{{EngvarB|date=February 2015}}
{{EngvarB|date=February 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2015}}
[[Image:TNB-500kv.jpg|thumb|A 500 kV transmission line passing the [[North-South Expressway, Malaysia|North-South Expressway]] near [[Taiping, Perak|Taiping]].]]
[[File:Tanjung Kling Power Station.JPG|thumb|A 132 kV transmission line in [[Tanjung Kling Power Station]] in [[Malacca]].]]
[[File:Tanjung Kling Power Station.JPG|thumb|A 132 kV transmission line in [[Tanjung Kling Power Station]] in [[Malacca]].]]
'''National Grid, Malaysia''' ({{lang-ms|'''Grid Nasional'''}}) is the high-voltage [[electric power transmission]] [[Grid (electricity)|network]] in [[Peninsular Malaysia]]. It is operated and owned by [[Tenaga Nasional|Tenaga Nasional Berhad]] (TNB) by its Transmission Division.<ref>{{cite web | title=Transmission Division | url=http://travel-to-malaysia.com/transmission-division-of-tnb/ | work=Tenaga Nasional Berhad | accessdate=23 May 2009}} </ref> There are two other electrical grids in [[Sabah]] and [[Sarawak]] operated by [[Sabah Electricity|Sabah Electricity Sdn Bhd]] (SESB) and [[Sarawak Energy|Sarawak Energy Berhad]] (SEB) respectively.
'''National Grid, Malaysia''' ({{langx|ms|'''Grid Nasional'''}}) is the high-voltage [[electric power transmission]] [[Grid (electricity)|network]] in [[Peninsular Malaysia]]. It is operated and owned by [[Tenaga Nasional|Tenaga Nasional Berhad]] (TNB) by its Transmission Division.<ref>{{cite web | title=Transmission Division | url=http://travel-to-malaysia.com/transmission-division-of-tnb/ | work=Tenaga Nasional Berhad | accessdate=23 May 2009}}</ref> There are two other electrical grids in [[Sabah]] and [[Sarawak]] operated by [[Sabah Electricity|Sabah Electricity Sdn Bhd]] (SESB) and [[Sarawak Energy|Sarawak Energy Berhad]] (SEB).


The system spans the whole of Peninsular Malaysia, connecting electricity generation stations owned by TNB and [[Independent Power Producer]]s (IPPs) to energy consumers. A small number of consumers, mainly [[steel mill]]s and shopping malls also take power directly from the National Grid.
The system spans the whole of Peninsular Malaysia, transporting electricity in bulk from power generators owned by TNB and [[Independent Power Producer]]s (IPPs) to distributors. The grid also transports directly to large industrial customers, such as [[steel mill]]s and fertilizer plants.


== History ==
== History ==
Line 12: Line 11:
By 1965, a plan was set to connect the electricity generating plants that were spread out all over the country. Plants identified to be linked were located at [[Paka, Malaysia|Paka]] in Terengganu, Temengor, Kenering, Bersia and Batang Padang in Perak, Connaught Bridge, [[Kapar]] and [[Seri Kembangan|Serdang]] in Selangor, [[Cameron Highlands]] in Pahang, [[Perai]] in Penang, [[Port Dickson]] in Negeri Sembilan, Pergau in Kelantan, [[Pasir Gudang]] in Johor and in Malacca.
By 1965, a plan was set to connect the electricity generating plants that were spread out all over the country. Plants identified to be linked were located at [[Paka, Malaysia|Paka]] in Terengganu, Temengor, Kenering, Bersia and Batang Padang in Perak, Connaught Bridge, [[Kapar]] and [[Seri Kembangan|Serdang]] in Selangor, [[Cameron Highlands]] in Pahang, [[Perai]] in Penang, [[Port Dickson]] in Negeri Sembilan, Pergau in Kelantan, [[Pasir Gudang]] in Johor and in Malacca.


The central area network with Connaught Bridge Power Station in Klang was the precursor of the energy grid; it also tapped into the Cameron Highlands Hydro scheme from the Sultan Yussuf Power Station, and was extended into a western network. Late in the 1980s, the loop was finally complete with the placement of [[Kota Bharu]] within the grid.<ref>{{cite web | title=The National Electricity Board | url=http://travel-to-malaysia.com/the-national-electricity-board/ | publisher=Tenaga Nasional Berhad | accessdate=22 May 2009}}</ref>
The central area network with Connaught Bridge Power Station in Klang was the precursor of the energy grid; it also tapped into the Cameron Highlands Hydro scheme from the Sultan Yussuf Power Station, and was extended into a western network. Late in the 1980s, the loop was complete when [[Kota Bharu]] joined the grid.<ref>{{cite web | title=The National Electricity Board | url=http://travel-to-malaysia.com/the-national-electricity-board/ | publisher=Tenaga Nasional Berhad | accessdate=22 May 2009}}</ref>


== Grid description ==
== Grid description ==


=== Transmission system ===
=== Transmission system ===
More than 420<ref>"Malaysia Power Report Q2 2008", London, UK: Business Monitor International Ltd. Feb 2008</ref> [[Electrical substation#Transmission substation|transmission substations]] in the Peninsular are linked together by approximately 11,000&nbsp;km<ref>{{cite web|title=Tenaga Nasional Berhad 500kV Transmission System, Phase 1 |url=http://www.ranhill.com.my/tenaganasional.asp |publisher=Ranhill Berhad |accessdate=23 May 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20090227183633/http://www.ranhill.com.my:80/tenaganasional.asp |archivedate=27 February 2009 }}</ref> of transmission lines operating at 132, 275 and 500 [[kilovolts]] (kV). The 500 kV transmission system is the single largest transmission system to be ever developed in Malaysia. Begun in 1995, Phase 1 involved the design and construction of the 500kV overhead transmission lines from [[Gurun, Kedah|Gurun]], Kedah in the North along the west coast to [[Kapar]], in the central region and from [[Pasir Gudang]] to [[Yong Peng]] in the south of Peninsular Malaysia.
More than 420<ref>"Malaysia Power Report Q2 2008", London, UK: Business Monitor International Ltd. Feb 2008</ref> [[Electrical substation#Transmission substation|transmission substations]] in the Peninsular Malaysia, with a total installed capacity of 105,305 MVA, are linked together by approximately 21,000&nbsp;circuit-kilometers<ref>{{cite web|title=Tenaga Nasional Berhad 500kV Transmission System, Phase 1 |url=http://www.ranhill.com.my/tenaganasional.asp |publisher=Ranhill Berhad |accessdate=23 May 2009 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227183633/http://www.ranhill.com.my/tenaganasional.asp |archivedate=27 February 2009 }}</ref> of overhead lines and underground cables operating at 132, 275 and 500 [[kilovolts]] (kV). The 500 kV transmission system is the single largest transmission system to be ever developed in Malaysia. Begun in 1994, Phase 1 involved the design and construction of the 500kV overhead lines from [[Gurun, Kedah|Gurun]], Kedah in the North along the west coast to [[Kapar]], in the central region and from [[Pasir Gudang]] to [[Yong Peng]] in the south of Peninsular Malaysia.


The total distance covered for the 500 kV transmission lines is 522&nbsp;km and the 275 kV portion is 73&nbsp;km. Of the lines constructed, only the Bukit Tarek to Kapar sections had been energised at 500 kV. The remaining lines are presently energised at 275 kV. Later, to cater for the additional power transmission requirements from the 2,100 [[megawatt]] (MW) [[Manjung Power Station]], the 500 kV system was extended from [[Bukit Tarek]] to [[Air Tawar]] and from Air Tawar to Manjung Power Station. In 2006, the 500 kV lines between [[Bukit Batu]] and [[Tanjung Bin]] were commissioned to carry the power generated by the 2,100 MW [[Tanjung Bin Power Station]].
The total distance covered for the 500 kV transmission lines is 784&nbsp;circuit-km and the 275 kV portion is 9,257&nbsp;circuit-km as of February 2017. To cater for the new plant up of generators, namely 3,100 MW Janamanjung Power Plant in the west coast, 372 MW Ulu Jelai Hydro Electric Power Plant in the east coast, and 4,100 MW Tanjung Bin Power Plant in the south, the 500 kV transmission system was extended from Bukit Tarek to Yong Peng via interconnection allows for electricity of Ayer Tawar, Tapah, Bentong South and Lenggeng. The completion of this interconnection allows for electricity transmission to the load centre, which is located in the Klang Valley area of Peninsular Malaysia.


A project involving laying a 730&nbsp;km high-voltage direct current transmission line and a 670&nbsp;km undersea cable for the 2,400-megawatt [[Bakun Dam|Bakun hydroelectric dam]] has been considered.<ref>{{cite web|title=TNB to raise ringgit loans |url=http://www.btimes.com.my/Current_News/BTIMES/articles/tena30-2/Article/index_html |agency=Reuters |work=Business Times |location=Malaysia |date=1 May 2009 |accessdate=23 May 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20090726183156/http://www.btimes.com.my:80/Current_News/BTIMES/articles/tena30-2/Article/index_html |archivedate=26 July 2009 }}</ref> This may connect all three of Malaysia's electric utility companies with state grids: [[Tenaga Nasional Berhad]] (TNB), [[Sarawak Energy|Sarawak Energy Berhad]] (SEB) and [[Sabah Electricity|Sabah Electricity Sdn Bhd]] (SESB). Many of Sabah and Sarawak's generation plants are still not interconnected to a grid.
A project involving laying a 730&nbsp;km high-voltage direct current transmission line and a 670&nbsp;km undersea cable for the 2,400-megawatt [[Bakun Dam|Bakun hydroelectric dam]] was considered.<ref>{{cite web|title=TNB to raise ringgit loans |url=http://www.btimes.com.my/Current_News/BTIMES/articles/tena30-2/Article/index_html |agency=Reuters |work=Business Times |location=Malaysia |date=1 May 2009 |accessdate=23 May 2009 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090726183156/http://www.btimes.com.my/Current_News/BTIMES/articles/tena30-2/Article/index_html |archivedate=26 July 2009 }}</ref> This would have connected all three of Malaysia's electric utility companies with state grids: [[Tenaga Nasional Berhad]] (TNB), [[Sarawak Energy|Sarawak Energy Berhad]] (SEB) and [[Sabah Electricity|Sabah Electricity Sdn Bhd]] (SESB). Many of Sabah and Sarawak's generation plants are still not interconnected to a grid.


===Type of National Grid's transmission system===
===Type of National Grid's transmission system===
Line 28: Line 27:
!Lines ||Photos ||Description ||Length
!Lines ||Photos ||Description ||Length
|-
|-
|500 kV||[[Image:TNB-500kv.jpg|300px]] ||The single largest transmission system to be ever developed in Malaysia. the backbone of the transmission system in [[Peninsula Malaysia]]||522&nbsp;km
|500 kV||[[Image:TNB-500kv.jpg|300px]] ||The single largest transmission system to be ever developed in Malaysia. the backbone of the transmission system in [[Peninsular Malaysia]]||522&nbsp;km
|-
|-
|275 kV|| ||Large transmission system ||73&nbsp;km
|275 kV|| ||Large transmission system ||73&nbsp;km
Line 38: Line 37:


==== Connection to Thailand ====
==== Connection to Thailand ====
The original 117 MVA, 132 kV Single Circuit Line [[High-voltage alternating current|HVAC]] interconnection of 80 MW with [[Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand]] (EGAT) was commissioned in 1981,<ref>{{cite web | title=Malaysia, TNB Interconnection | url=http://www.aseanenergy.org/energy_sector/electricity/malaysia/tnb/interconnection.htm | work=ASEAN Centre for Energy | date=9 May 2006 | accessdate=23 May 2009}}</ref> linking [[Bukit Ketri]] in the state of [[Perlis]] with [[Sadao_District | Sadao, Sadao]] in [[Thailand]]. A second interconnection was made via the [[HVDC Thailand-Malaysia]] rated at 300 kV [[HVDC]] and 300 MW transmission capacity.
The National Grid is interconnected in the north to [[Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand]] (EGAT)'s transmission system via the 300 kV HVDC interconnection of 300MW capacity and 132 kV HVAC double circuit overhead line of 90MW capacity each, linking [[Bukit Ketri-Chuping]] in the state of [[Perlis]] with [[Sadao District|Sadao, Sadao]] in [[Thailand]].


==== Connection to Singapore ====
==== Connection to Singapore ====
In the South of Malaysia, the National Grid is connected to the transmission system of [[Singapore Power|Singapore Power Limited]] (SP) at [[Senoko]] via two 230 kV [[Submarine power cable|submarine cables]] with a transmission capacity of 200 MW.
In the South of Malaysia, the National Grid is connected to the transmission system of [[Singapore Power|Singapore Power Limited]] (SP) at [[Senoko]] via two 230 kV [[Submarine power cable|submarine cables]] with a transmission capacity of 200 MW each.


=== Power generation ===
=== Power generation ===
Power generation capacity connected to the Malaysian National Grid is 19,023 [[megawatt]], with a maximum demand of 13,340 megawatt as of July 2007 according to Suruhanjaya Tenaga.<ref>
Power generation capacity connected to the Malaysian National Grid is 22,858 [[megawatt]], with a maximum demand of 17,788 megawatt as of April 2016 according to Suruhanjaya Tenaga.<ref>
{{cite web|url=http://www.st.gov.my/images/stories/upload/st/st_files/public/statistik_interim_2007-bi.pdf |format=PDF|title=Statistics of Interim on the Performance of the Electricity Supply in Malaysia for the First Half Year of 2007
{{cite web|url=http://www.st.gov.my/images/stories/upload/st/st_files/public/statistik_interim_2007-bi.pdf|format=PDF|title=Statistics of Interim on the Performance of the Electricity Supply in Malaysia for the First Half Year of 2007|date=29 January 2008|publisher=Suruhanjaya Tenaga}}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
⚫
</ref> The generation fuel mix in peninsular is 45.55% gas, 50.23% coal, 3.59% hydro and 0.63% from other forms of fuel.<ref>
|date=29 January 2008|publisher=Suruhanjaya Tenaga}}
⚫
{{cite web|url=http://www.st.gov.my/images/stories/upload/st/st_files/public/st_esim_bi.pdf|format=PDF|title=Electricity Supply Industry in Malaysia – Performance And Statistical Information 2006|year=2007|author=Department of Electricity Supply Regulation, Energy Commission|publisher=Suruhanjaya Tenaga}}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
⚫
</ref> The generation fuel mix is 62.6% gas, 20.9% coal, 9.5% hydro and 7% from other forms of fuel.<ref>
⚫
{{cite web|url=http://www.st.gov.my/images/stories/upload/st/st_files/public/st_esim_bi.pdf|format=PDF|title=Electricity Supply Industry in Malaysia – Performance And Statistical Information 2006|year=2007|author=Department of Electricity Supply Regulation, Energy Commission|publisher=Suruhanjaya Tenaga}}
</ref>
</ref>


=== Distribution level ===
=== Distribution level ===
Distribution lines of 33 kV, 22 kV, 11 kV, 6.6 kV and 400/230 volt in the Malaysia [[Electricity distribution|distribution network]] connect to the National Grid via transmission substations where voltages are stepped down by [[transformer]]s.
Distribution lines of 66kV, 33 kV, 22 kV, 11 kV, 6.6 kV and 400/230 volt [[Electric power distribution|electricity distribution]] network connect to the National Grid via transmission substations will have their voltages stepped down by [[transformer]]s.


== Major incidents ==
== Major incidents ==
* Following a major [[Power outages in Malaysia#1996 blackout|system collapse]] in 3 August 1996, TNB has undertaken joint studies with [[Tokyo Electric Power Company]] (TEPCO) to develop a [[Rolling blackout|controlled islanding]] scheme to prevent the occurrence of a complete system collapse by ensuring continuity of supply to the [[Kuala Lumpur]] Metropolitan and [[MSC Malaysia|Multimedia Super Corridor]] (MSC). The islanding scheme would basically be a "last line of defense" after all the normal emergency countermeasures such as underfrequency load shedding have operated.<ref>{{cite web | title= Transmission System Development | url=http://www.aseanenergy.org/energy_sector/electricity/malaysia/tnb/transmission_system_devt.htm | work=ASEAN Centre for Energy | date=9 May 2006 | accessdate=23 May 2009}}</ref>
* Following a major [[Power outages in Malaysia#1996 blackout|system collapse]] on 3 August 1996, TNB has undertaken joint studies with [[Tokyo Electric Power Company]] (TEPCO) to develop a [[Rolling blackout|controlled islanding]] scheme to prevent the occurrence of a complete system collapse by ensuring continuity of supply to the [[Kuala Lumpur]] Metropolitan and [[MSC Malaysia|Multimedia Super Corridor]] (MSC). The islanding scheme would basically be a "last line of defense" after all the normal emergency countermeasures such as underfrequency load shedding have operated.<ref>{{cite web | title=Transmission System Development | url=http://www.aseanenergy.org/energy_sector/electricity/malaysia/tnb/transmission_system_devt.htm | work=ASEAN Centre for Energy | date=9 May 2006 | accessdate=23 May 2009 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617195212/http://www.aseanenergy.org/energy_sector/electricity/malaysia/tnb/transmission_system_devt.htm | archivedate=17 June 2008 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
* In 13 January 2005 a [[Power outages in Malaysia#2005 blackout|power blackout]] on northern peninsular Malaysia occurred when a transmission line near [[Serendah]], Selangor, had broken down. In response to this, the Central Area Reinforcement (CAR) project was approved to ensure security of power supply to the [[Klang Valley]].<ref>{{cite web | title= TNB Gets Selangor Govt's Nod To Resume Transmission Line Project | url=http://www.bernama.com/selangor_maju/news.php?id=268305&lang=en | agency=Bernama | date=19 June 2007 | accessdate=23 May 2009}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>
* On 13 January 2005 a [[Power outages in Malaysia#2005 blackout|power blackout]] on northern peninsular Malaysia occurred when a transmission line near [[Serendah]], Selangor, had broken down. In response to this, the Central Area Reinforcement (CAR) project was approved to ensure security of power supply to the [[Klang Valley]].<ref>{{cite web | title= TNB Gets Selangor Govt's Nod To Resume Transmission Line Project | url=http://www.bernama.com/selangor_maju/news.php?id=268305&lang=en | archive-url=https://archive.today/20070810220021/http://www.bernama.com/selangor_maju/news.php?id=268305&lang=en | url-status=dead | archive-date=10 August 2007 | agency=Bernama | date=19 June 2007 | accessdate=23 May 2009}} </ref>
* In 22 April 2008 Sabah had the worst power outage since the commissioning of the east west power grid. Suspected vandals are believed to have removed steel pieces of a 132kV transmission tower that led to its collapse, triggering a major power blackout.<ref>{{cite web | title=Vandals blamed for Sabah blackout | url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/4/22/nation/20080422153350&sec=nation | author=Muguntan Vanar | work=The Star | date=22 April 2008 | accessdate=23 May 2009}}</ref> An emergency temporary tower was to be built immediately but it also collapsed during construction killing a TNB personnel.<ref>{{cite web | title=One Dead, Four Injured in TNB Tower Collapse | url=http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v5/newsindex.php?id=329821 | agency=Bernama | date=29 April 2008 | accessdate=23 May 2009}}</ref> On 1 May 2008, another tower collapsed due to missing structural members of the tower that were suspected of being stolen.<ref>{{cite web | title=Another Power Transmission Tower Collapses in Sabah | url=http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v5/newsindex.php?id=330154 | agency=Bernama | date=1 May 2008 | accessdate=23 May 2009}}</ref>
* On 22 April 2008 Sabah had the worst power outage since the commissioning of the east west power grid. Suspected vandals are believed to have removed steel pieces of a 132kV transmission tower that led to its collapse, triggering a major power blackout.<ref>{{cite web | title=Vandals blamed for Sabah blackout | url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/4/22/nation/20080422153350&sec=nation | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422231824/http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F4%2F22%2Fnation%2F20080422153350&sec=nation | url-status=dead | archive-date=22 April 2008 | author=Muguntan Vanar | work=The Star | date=22 April 2008 | accessdate=23 May 2009 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> An emergency temporary tower was to be built immediately but it also collapsed during construction killing a TNB personnel.<ref>{{cite web | title=One Dead, Four Injured in TNB Tower Collapse | url=http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v5/newsindex.php?id=329821 | agency=Bernama | date=29 April 2008 | accessdate=23 May 2009}}</ref> On 1 May 2008, another tower collapsed due to missing structural members of the tower that were suspected of being stolen.<ref>{{cite web | title=Another Power Transmission Tower Collapses in Sabah | url=http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v5/newsindex.php?id=330154 | agency=Bernama | date=1 May 2008 | accessdate=23 May 2009}}</ref>

==Future==
Malaysia's national electricity grid system is weakly prepared to accommodate the expanding production of electricity from renewable energy.<ref>Vakulchuk, R., Chan, H.Y., Kresnawan, M.R., Merdekawati, M., Overland, I., Sagbakken, H.F., Suryadi, B., Utama, N.A. and Yurnaidi, Z. 2020. Malaysia: how to scale up investment in renewable energy. ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) Policy Brief Series, No. 8. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341793894</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 72: Line 73:
* [http://www.tnb.com.my Tenaga Nasional Berhad]
* [http://www.tnb.com.my Tenaga Nasional Berhad]


{{Tenaga Nasional}}
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Malaysia]]

[[Category:Electric power in Malaysia]]
[[Category:Electric power in Malaysia]]
[[Category:Electric power transmission systems in Asia]]
[[Category:Electric power transmission systems in Asia]]
[[Category:Tenaga Nasional]]

Latest revision as of 02:53, 30 November 2024

A 132 kV transmission line in Tanjung Kling Power Station in Malacca.

National Grid, Malaysia (Malay: Grid Nasional) is the high-voltage electric power transmission network in Peninsular Malaysia. It is operated and owned by Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) by its Transmission Division.[1] There are two other electrical grids in Sabah and Sarawak operated by Sabah Electricity Sdn Bhd (SESB) and Sarawak Energy Berhad (SEB).

The system spans the whole of Peninsular Malaysia, transporting electricity in bulk from power generators owned by TNB and Independent Power Producers (IPPs) to distributors. The grid also transports directly to large industrial customers, such as steel mills and fertilizer plants.

History

[edit]

The beginnings of the National Grid was slowly taking shape in 1964 when the Bangsar Power Station was connected to the Connaught Bridge Power Station, with the line subsequently extended to Malacca.[2]

By 1965, a plan was set to connect the electricity generating plants that were spread out all over the country. Plants identified to be linked were located at Paka in Terengganu, Temengor, Kenering, Bersia and Batang Padang in Perak, Connaught Bridge, Kapar and Serdang in Selangor, Cameron Highlands in Pahang, Perai in Penang, Port Dickson in Negeri Sembilan, Pergau in Kelantan, Pasir Gudang in Johor and in Malacca.

The central area network with Connaught Bridge Power Station in Klang was the precursor of the energy grid; it also tapped into the Cameron Highlands Hydro scheme from the Sultan Yussuf Power Station, and was extended into a western network. Late in the 1980s, the loop was complete when Kota Bharu joined the grid.[3]

Grid description

[edit]

Transmission system

[edit]

More than 420[4] transmission substations in the Peninsular Malaysia, with a total installed capacity of 105,305 MVA, are linked together by approximately 21,000 circuit-kilometers[5] of overhead lines and underground cables operating at 132, 275 and 500 kilovolts (kV). The 500 kV transmission system is the single largest transmission system to be ever developed in Malaysia. Begun in 1994, Phase 1 involved the design and construction of the 500kV overhead lines from Gurun, Kedah in the North along the west coast to Kapar, in the central region and from Pasir Gudang to Yong Peng in the south of Peninsular Malaysia.

The total distance covered for the 500 kV transmission lines is 784 circuit-km and the 275 kV portion is 9,257 circuit-km as of February 2017. To cater for the new plant up of generators, namely 3,100 MW Janamanjung Power Plant in the west coast, 372 MW Ulu Jelai Hydro Electric Power Plant in the east coast, and 4,100 MW Tanjung Bin Power Plant in the south, the 500 kV transmission system was extended from Bukit Tarek to Yong Peng via interconnection allows for electricity of Ayer Tawar, Tapah, Bentong South and Lenggeng. The completion of this interconnection allows for electricity transmission to the load centre, which is located in the Klang Valley area of Peninsular Malaysia.

A project involving laying a 730 km high-voltage direct current transmission line and a 670 km undersea cable for the 2,400-megawatt Bakun hydroelectric dam was considered.[6] This would have connected all three of Malaysia's electric utility companies with state grids: Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB), Sarawak Energy Berhad (SEB) and Sabah Electricity Sdn Bhd (SESB). Many of Sabah and Sarawak's generation plants are still not interconnected to a grid.

Type of National Grid's transmission system

[edit]
Lines Photos Description Length
500 kV The single largest transmission system to be ever developed in Malaysia. the backbone of the transmission system in Peninsular Malaysia 522 km
275 kV Large transmission system 73 km
132 kV Medium transmission system
33 kV Small transmission system

Connection to Thailand

[edit]

The National Grid is interconnected in the north to Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT)'s transmission system via the 300 kV HVDC interconnection of 300MW capacity and 132 kV HVAC double circuit overhead line of 90MW capacity each, linking Bukit Ketri-Chuping in the state of Perlis with Sadao, Sadao in Thailand.

Connection to Singapore

[edit]

In the South of Malaysia, the National Grid is connected to the transmission system of Singapore Power Limited (SP) at Senoko via two 230 kV submarine cables with a transmission capacity of 200 MW each.

Power generation

[edit]

Power generation capacity connected to the Malaysian National Grid is 22,858 megawatt, with a maximum demand of 17,788 megawatt as of April 2016 according to Suruhanjaya Tenaga.[7] The generation fuel mix in peninsular is 45.55% gas, 50.23% coal, 3.59% hydro and 0.63% from other forms of fuel.[8]

Distribution level

[edit]

Distribution lines of 66kV, 33 kV, 22 kV, 11 kV, 6.6 kV and 400/230 volt electricity distribution network connect to the National Grid via transmission substations will have their voltages stepped down by transformers.

Major incidents

[edit]
  • Following a major system collapse on 3 August 1996, TNB has undertaken joint studies with Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) to develop a controlled islanding scheme to prevent the occurrence of a complete system collapse by ensuring continuity of supply to the Kuala Lumpur Metropolitan and Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC). The islanding scheme would basically be a "last line of defense" after all the normal emergency countermeasures such as underfrequency load shedding have operated.[9]
  • On 13 January 2005 a power blackout on northern peninsular Malaysia occurred when a transmission line near Serendah, Selangor, had broken down. In response to this, the Central Area Reinforcement (CAR) project was approved to ensure security of power supply to the Klang Valley.[10]
  • On 22 April 2008 Sabah had the worst power outage since the commissioning of the east west power grid. Suspected vandals are believed to have removed steel pieces of a 132kV transmission tower that led to its collapse, triggering a major power blackout.[11] An emergency temporary tower was to be built immediately but it also collapsed during construction killing a TNB personnel.[12] On 1 May 2008, another tower collapsed due to missing structural members of the tower that were suspected of being stolen.[13]

Future

[edit]

Malaysia's national electricity grid system is weakly prepared to accommodate the expanding production of electricity from renewable energy.[14]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Transmission Division". Tenaga Nasional Berhad. Retrieved 23 May 2009.
  2. ^ "Spirit of Merdeka & Malayanisation". Tenaga Nasional Berhad on travel-to-malaysia.com. Retrieved 23 May 2009.
  3. ^ "The National Electricity Board". Tenaga Nasional Berhad. Retrieved 22 May 2009.
  4. ^ "Malaysia Power Report Q2 2008", London, UK: Business Monitor International Ltd. Feb 2008
  5. ^ "Tenaga Nasional Berhad 500kV Transmission System, Phase 1". Ranhill Berhad. Archived from the original on 27 February 2009. Retrieved 23 May 2009.
  6. ^ "TNB to raise ringgit loans". Business Times. Malaysia. Reuters. 1 May 2009. Archived from the original on 26 July 2009. Retrieved 23 May 2009.
  7. ^ "Statistics of Interim on the Performance of the Electricity Supply in Malaysia for the First Half Year of 2007" (PDF). Suruhanjaya Tenaga. 29 January 2008.[permanent dead link‍]
  8. ^ Department of Electricity Supply Regulation, Energy Commission (2007). "Electricity Supply Industry in Malaysia – Performance And Statistical Information 2006" (PDF). Suruhanjaya Tenaga.[permanent dead link‍]
  9. ^ "Transmission System Development". ASEAN Centre for Energy. 9 May 2006. Archived from the original on 17 June 2008. Retrieved 23 May 2009.
  10. ^ "TNB Gets Selangor Govt's Nod To Resume Transmission Line Project". Bernama. 19 June 2007. Archived from the original on 10 August 2007. Retrieved 23 May 2009.
  11. ^ Muguntan Vanar (22 April 2008). "Vandals blamed for Sabah blackout". The Star. Archived from the original on 22 April 2008. Retrieved 23 May 2009.
  12. ^ "One Dead, Four Injured in TNB Tower Collapse". Bernama. 29 April 2008. Retrieved 23 May 2009.
  13. ^ "Another Power Transmission Tower Collapses in Sabah". Bernama. 1 May 2008. Retrieved 23 May 2009.
  14. ^ Vakulchuk, R., Chan, H.Y., Kresnawan, M.R., Merdekawati, M., Overland, I., Sagbakken, H.F., Suryadi, B., Utama, N.A. and Yurnaidi, Z. 2020. Malaysia: how to scale up investment in renewable energy. ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) Policy Brief Series, No. 8. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341793894
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