Job Cohen: Difference between revisions

Job Cohen
Job Cohen
	Cohen in 2010
Member of the House of Representatives
	In office; 17 June 2010 – 29 February 2012
Leader of the Labour Party; in the House of Representatives
	In office; 17 June 2010 – 20 February 2012
Preceded by	Mariëtte Hamer
Succeeded by	Jeroen Dijsselbloem
Leader of the Labour Party
	In office; 25 April 2010 – 20 February 2012
Deputy	See list Jeroen Dijsselbloem ; Mariëtte Hamer ; Sharon Dijksma;
Preceded by	Wouter Bos
Succeeded by	Diederik Samsom
Mayor of Amsterdam
	In office; 15 January 2001 – 12 March 2010
Preceded by	Guusje ter Horst (ad interim)
Succeeded by	Lodewijk Asscher (ad interim)
State Secretary for Justice
	In office; 3 August 1998 – 1 January 2001
Prime Minister	Wim Kok
Preceded by	Elizabeth Schmitz
Succeeded by	Ella Kalsbeek
Leader of the Labour Party in the Senate
	In office; 1 August 1996 – 3 August 1998
Preceded by	Joop van den Berg [nl]
Succeeded by	Johan Stekelenburg
Senator of the Netherlands
	In office; 13 June 1995 – 3 August 1998
State Secretary for Education and Sciences
	In office; 2 July 1993 – 22 August 1994
Prime Minister	Ruud Lubbers
Preceded by	Roel in 't Veld
Succeeded by	Tineke Netelenbos; Aad Nuis; (Education, Culture and Science)
Personal details
Born	Marius Job Cohen; 18 October 1947 (age 77); Haarlem, Netherlands
Political party	Labour Party (since 1967)
Spouses	; Lidie Lodeweges (m. 1972; died 2015) ; Anjes van der Linden (m. 2016)
Children	Jaap Cohen (born 1980) ; Lotje Cohen (born 1983)
Parent	Dolf Cohen [nl] (1913–2004) (father);
Relatives	Hendrik Cohen [nl] (grand-father) ; Floris Cohen (brother)
Alma mater	University of Groningen ; (LL.B., LL.M.) ; Leiden University ; (PhD)
Occupation	Politician; jurist; researcher; nonprofit director; author; professor;

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Marius Job Cohen^[a] (born 18 October 1947) is a retired Dutch politician and jurist who served as Mayor of Amsterdam from 2001 to 2010 and Leader of the Labour Party (PvdA) from 2010 to 2012.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Cohen studied Law at the University of Groningen obtaining a Master of Laws degree. Cohen worked as researcher at the Leiden University before finishing his thesis and graduated as a Doctor of Law in Jurisprudence. Cohen worked as a professor of jurisprudence at the State University of Limburg from September 1983 until June 1993, he also served as Rector Magnificus of the State University of Limburg from January 1991. Cohen was appointed as State Secretary for Education and Sciences in the Cabinet Lubbers III following a cabinet reshuffle taking office on 9 June 1993. In February 1994 Cohen announced that he wouldn't stand for the election of 1994. Cohen continued to be active in politics and after the Senate election of 1995 was elected as a Member of the Senate on 13 June 1995 and served as a frontbencher and spokesperson for Justice, Education and Science. Cohen also returned to State University of Limburg and again worked as professor of Jurisprudence and served as Rector Magnificus from January 1995 until August 1998. Following the resignation of Parliamentary leader Joop van den Berg [nl] Cohen was selected as his successor on 1 August 1996.

After the election of 1998 Cohen was appointed as State Secretary for Justice in the Cabinet Kok II taking office on 3 August 1998. In December 2000 Cohen was nominated as the next Mayor of Amsterdam serving from 15 January 2001 until his resignation on 12 March 2010. Shortly before an upcoming election Labour Leader Wouter Bos unexpectedly announced his retirement and Cohen announced his candidacy and was anonymously selected as his successor on 25 April 2010. For the election of 2010 Cohen served as Lijsttrekker (top candidate) and was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives and became Parliamentary leader on 17 June 2010. In January 2012 Cohen announced his retirement and that he was stepping down as Leader and Parliamentary leader on 20 February 2012 but continued to serve in the House of Representatives as a backbencher until his resignation on 29 February 2012.^[4]^[5]

Cohen retired from active politics at 64 and became active in the public sector as a non-profit director and served on several state commissions [nl] and councils on behalf of the government, and worked as a distinguished professor of Constitutional law and Governmental studies at his alma mater in Leiden from April 2014 until January 2019.^[6]^[7]

Biography

Family and education

Marius Job Cohen was born in Haarlem. He is the second child (of two) of Adolf Emile "Dolf" Cohen (1913–2004) and Henriëtte "Hetty" Koster (1913–1996). His elder brother is Floris Cohen (born 1946).^[8]^[9]

His parents both studied history and became high school teachers of history.^[8]^[10] They were secular Jews, and were forced into hiding until the end of World War II.^[8] His paternal grandparents Hendrik Cohen and Flora Polak both were murdered in Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in 1945.^[11] After the war, his father worked at the Dutch Institute for War Documentation.^[12] Later he became a professor of medieval history and a rector magnificus at Leiden University.^[13]^[14] His mother became a member of the city council of Heemstede. His parents were both early members of the Labour Party.^[8]

Cohen attended public primary school in Heemstede. He attended the secondary school Stedelijk Gymnasium in Haarlem from 1960 to 1966. He studied Dutch public law at the University of Groningen from 1966 and obtained his Master of Laws degree in 1971. During his student years, he was a member of the student association Vindicat atque Polit.^{[citation needed]}

Cohen married Lidie Lodeweges on 2 July 1972 in Groningen. She studied Dutch language in Groningen and was a high school teacher. She had multiple sclerosis and needed a wheelchair. Cohen and his wife had two children, son Jaap (born 1980) and daughter Lotje (born 1983).^[15] Lidie Cohen died on 4 August 2015.^[16]

Academic career

Between 1 September 1971 and 1 September 1981, Job Cohen held a scientific position at the Bureau Research of Education at Leiden University. He obtained a doctorate (PhD) from this university in June 1981, with a dissertation on the rights of university students.^[17]

On 1 September 1981, he joined the State University of Limburg in a higher scientific capacity, and was chairman of the commission that prepared the establishment of a faculty of law. On 1 September 1983, Cohen became professor of methods and techniques at the faculty of law; on 1 January 1991 he also became rector magnificus of the State University of Limburg. He resigned from this position to become State Secretary for Education and Sciences in 1993.^{[citation needed]}

In 1995 he returned to his position in Maastricht as professor and rector magnificus at Maastricht University (the former State University of Limburg). From 1 January 1998, he took a sabbatical year, but he resigned in August 1998 when he became State Secretary for Justice.^{[citation needed]}

Cohen has received two honorary degrees for his contributions to law and society, one in 2007 from the University of Windsor^[18] and one in 2008 from the Radboud University Nijmegen.^[19]

Political career

State Secretary for Education and Sciences

On 2 July 1993, Cohen became State Secretary (deputy minister) for Education and Sciences in the third cabinet of Ruud Lubbers, under education minister Jo Ritzen. In Cohen's portfolio were higher and academic education, science policy, and adult education. The term of this post expired after a year and Cohen returned to his academic post in Maastricht.

Member of the Senate

From 13 June 1995, Cohen was a member of the Senate of the Netherlands. Between 1 August 1996 until he resigned from the Senate on 3 August 1998, he was also the parliamentary group leader of the Labour Party in the Senate.

During his period in the Senate, he also worked for the Maastricht University, where he began a sabbatical year on 1 January 1998. In February 1998 however, he took on the function of interim-director of the broadcasting organization VPRO, lasting until 15 August.

State Secretary for Justice

On 3 August 1998, he resigned from the Senate to take up the position of State Secretary for Justice in the second cabinet of Wim Kok, dealing chiefly with immigration. In this capacity he was responsible for a new immigration law, intended to restrict entry of refugees to "genuine cases".

Mayor of Amsterdam

He resigned his position as State Secretary on 31 December 2000 in order to take up the position of Mayor of Amsterdam (burgemeester) on 15 January 2001. Mayors of Dutch cities are appointed by the cabinet in the name of the monarch.^[20]

At midnight on 1 April 2001, Cohen became the first public official to wed same-sex couples, following the passing of legislation opening up marriage to people of the same gender (see same-sex marriage in the Netherlands).^[21]

On 2 February 2002, Job Cohen performed the civil marriage of Prince Willem-Alexander and Máxima Zorreguieta in the Beurs van Berlage in Amsterdam.^[22]

In November 2004, controversial film maker Theo van Gogh was killed in Amsterdam by a Muslim extremist. Time awarded Cohen the title "European Hero" in 2005, for his inclusive approach towards the Muslim community after the murder, defusing tension in the city.^[23]

Cohen found himself thrown into the role of mediator between the city's Muslims, the original Dutch population and other groups in the cultural and racial mix. Almost half Amsterdam's residents are of non-Western descent, a majority of them Muslims."Islam is here to stay, in this country, in this city (...) We have to deal with Islam as a fact, not whether we like it. So the real question is how to get on with each other." Cohen took pride in the fact that in Amsterdam no violence or arson occurred in response to the killing.^[24] By his visiting ethnic groups, organizing debates among religious leaders and his listening and promoting dialogue, he received from opponents the mocking nickname of "tea drinker" – an image that would be exploited by them when he returned in the Dutch national politics in 2010.^[25]

On 27 January 2006, Cohen announced he would be willing to serve a second term as mayor of Amsterdam. On 12 July 2006, the municipality of Amsterdam almost unanimously (Democrats 66 opposed, being in favour of an elected mayor) supported Cohen to prolong his career as a mayor after 15 January 2007 when his first term ended.

Cohen's politics towards ethnic minorities in Amsterdam was characterized by the slogan "keeping things together" (de boel bij elkaar houden). On 2 May 2006, Immigration Minister Rita Verdonk of the centre-right VVD accused Amsterdam of becoming a "banana republic" with a lax safety policy; she cited the criminal liquidations and the disturbance caused by young people as examples of this. However, in the yearly crime meter of the Algemeen Dagblad Amsterdam did not perform particularly badly in safety policy and crime fighting. One of the reasons for this was Cohen's targeted approach towards those who commit multiple crimes (veelplegers). Cohen stated that his policy which combines soft and hard approaches, fighting crime and fighting the causes of crime, was the key to his successful safety policy.

In 2006 Cohen was the runner-up in the award for World Mayor of 2006, behind Melbourne mayor John So, and ahead of Harrisburg mayor Stephen R. Reed. World Mayor praised Cohen's leadership following the murder of Theo van Gogh in 2004, and his efforts at bringing together the diverse population of Amsterdam.^[26]^[27]

In late 2007, Cohen moved to reduce prostitution in Amsterdam, following allegations that Hells Angels and other organized criminals had taken over the prostitution industry. The city council bought 18 buildings in the red light district De Wallen from Charlie Geerts in order to convert them into upscale establishments and revoked the license of the luxury brothel Yab Yum.^[28]^[29]

Leader of the Labour Party

On 12 March 2010, Wouter Bos resigned as leader of the Labour Party. Bos named Cohen as candidate for the position, which he accepted. At the subsequent elections, Cohen was a candidate for Prime Minister. He was expected to be a strong opponent to Geert Wilders and was described in the press as "authoritarian but enlightened."^[30] Exit polls showed the Labour Party as the second largest with 30 seats and 19.6% of the total vote.^[31] Eventually his opponent Mark Rutte of the VVD became the Prime Minister of the Netherlands.

He has been chair of the Labour Party in the House of Representatives since 10 June 2010 and a member of the House of Representatives since 17 June 2010.

On 20 February 2012, he resigned as leader of the Labour Party, he also left the House of Representatives over criticisms that he had been too moderate towards the center-right Dutch government's planned economic austerity measures and the Dutch government's support for the EU Commission's plan to bail out Greece, which had been passed with the support of the Dutch Labour Party. At the time of his resignation, the Dutch Socialist Party, politically to the left of the Dutch Labour Party, had overtaken the Dutch Labour Party in a number of opinion polls.

Later life

Cohen and his wife moved to Maarssen around 2016. In his retirement, he served as chair of the supervisory board of NVVE, a Dutch right to die association, and he has been a guest speaker about World War II at schools.^[32]

Honors and awards

European Hero (2005), Time Magazine^[33]
Best Mayor of the Last 25 Years (2005), Binnenlands Bestuur^[34]
Citizenship Award (2005), P&V Foundation^[35]
Honorary degree (2007), University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada^[36]
Advertising Man of the Year (2007), Marketing Tribune^[37]
Honorary degree (2008), Radboud University Nijmegen^[38]^[39]
Martin Luther King Award (2008), DutchVersity^[40]
Gold Medal (2010), city council of Amsterdam^[41]

Works

Books (as author)

Studierechten in het wetenschappelijk onderwijs (1981), dissertation^[42]
Wandeling door een historisch besluit (2003)^[43]
Binden (2009), collection of speeches and lectures^[44]

Audio books (as narrator)

Het grijze kind (2007), novel written by Theo Thijssen^[45]
De Uitvreter (2008), novella written by Nescio^[45]
Lijmen/Het Been (2009), two novellas written by Willem Elsschot^[45]
Kaas (2009), novella written by Willem Elsschot^[45]
Titaantjes (2010), novella written by Nescio^[45]
Max Havelaar (2010), novel written by Multatuli^[45]
Reizen zonder John (2012), non-fiction written by Geert Mak^[46]
Het dwaallicht (2013), novella written by Willem Elsschot^[47]
De eeuw van mijn vader (2013), non-fiction written by Geert Mak^[48]
De levens van Jan Six (2016), non-fiction written by Geert Mak^[49]

Decorations

Ribbon bar	Honour	Country	Date	Comment
Honours
	Knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion	Netherlands	8 October 1994
	Knight of the Order of Orange-Nassau	Netherlands	30 April 2003
	Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour	France	21 March 2006
	Recipient Second Class of the Cross of Recognition	Latvia	23 October 2008	^[50]^[51]

Notes

^ The phrase Marius Job Cohen is pronounced [ˈmaːrijə ˈɕɔp koːˈɦɛn]. Marius and Job in isolation are pronounced [ˈmaːrijəs] and [jɔp].

References

^ (in Dutch) Job Cohen: echte held of slapjanus?, Algemeen Dagblad, 4 October 2005.
^ (in Dutch) Cohen stopt bemiddeling Westermoskee, Algemeen Dagblad, 12 April 2007.
^ (in Dutch) Job Cohen wil liever thee drinken dan azijn pissen, Limburger.nl, 20 February 2016.
^ (in Dutch) Job Cohen: 'Mensen vonden mij veel te soft', Het Parool, 26 October 2014.
^ (in Dutch) Job Cohen over de complexiteit van de vluchtelingenopvang, Sleutelstad.nl, 15 January 2016.
^ (in Dutch) Job Cohen in bestuur Bibliotheek Amsterdam, Nu.nl, 9 January 2013
^ (in Dutch) Job Cohen benoemd tot bijzonder hoogleraar Universiteit Leiden, NRC Handelsblad, 26 March 2014.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d (in Dutch) Joodsch Lyceum en huwelijk Archived 19 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Leiden University. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
^ (in Dutch) Heemsteedse herinneringen aan Job Cohen (deel 1). De Heemsteder. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
^ (in Dutch) Studie geschiedenis te Leiden Archived 19 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Leiden University. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
^ (in Dutch) Jeugdjaren in Rotterdam Archived 19 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Leiden University. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
^ (in Dutch) Altijd en nooit echt geweest Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Leiden University. Retrieved 20 December 2010.
^ (in Dutch) Hoogleraar middeleeuwse geschiedenis te Leiden Archived 19 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Leiden University. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
^ (in Dutch) Rector magnificus I: het waarnemen van de verandering Archived 19 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Leiden University. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
^ (in Dutch) Goos gaat... (Lidie Cohen) Archived 24 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Esta. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
^ (in Dutch) Mirjam Remie, "Lidie Cohen op 67-jarige leeftijd overleden", NRC Handelsblad, 2015. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
^ (in Dutch) M.J. Cohen, Studierechten in het wetenschappelijk onderwijs Archived 18 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine (review of the dissertation). Jan Tom Bos & Marc Groenhuijsen. Retrieved 20 December 2010.
^ 87th Convocation Webcast Archived 6 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. University of Windsor. Retrieved 20 December 2010.
^ (in Dutch) Eredoctoraat voor dr. M.J. Cohen. Radboud University Nijmegen. Retrieved 20 December 2010.
^ Profile: Mayor Job Cohen Archived 19 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Going Dutch". The Guardian. 2 April 2001. Retrieved 21 December 2007.
^ Marriage and family Archived 12 January 2011 at the Wayback Machine. The Dutch Royal House. Retrieved 1 September 2010.
^ Abi Daruvalla (8 October 2005). "Job Cohen – Key to the city". Time. Archived from the original on 10 December 2005. Retrieved 12 December 2006.
^ "In Amsterdam, mayor is a job for a mediator"
^ "New Labour leader Cohen: hard man, soft touch"
^ "Amsterdam closes a window on its red-light tourist trade" by Anushka Asthana, The Observer, 23 September 2007.
^ "John So, Lord Mayor of Melbourne wins the 2006 World Mayor Award". worldmayor.com. 5 December 2006.
^ Amsterdam mayor to clean up red light district Archived 23 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Pink News, 8 January 2008
^ "Pimping ban in Amsterdam?" Archived 26 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine by Eric Hesen, Radio Netherlands Worldwide (website), 21 September 2007.
^ "Cohen: authoritarian but enlightened"
^ (in Dutch) Bijna alle stemmen geteld, NOS, 10 June 2010
^ Cohen, Job (19 April 2024). "Job Cohen: Vrijheid is als zuurstof, je merkt pas hoe bijzonder het is als het verdwijnt" [Job Cohen: Freedom is like oxygen, you only notice how special it is once it disappears]. Trouw (Interview) (in Dutch). Interviewed by Tim van der Pal and Bart Zuidervaart. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
^ "Key to the city." Time Magazine. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
^ (in Dutch) "Beste burgemeester van de afgelopen 25 jaar: Job Cohen". Trouw. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
^ Citizenship Award Archived 23 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Foundation P&V. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
^ Job Cohen to Receive Honorary Degree at Law Convocation Archived 19 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. University of Windsor. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
^ (in Dutch) Job Cohen is de 25ste Reclameman van het Jaar Archived 24 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
^ (in Dutch) Eredoctoraten van de Radboud Universiteit. Radboud University. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
^ (in Dutch) Eredoctoraat voor dr. M.J. Cohen. Radboud University. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
^ (in Dutch) "Cohen wint eerste Martin Luther King Award". Trouw. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
^ (in Dutch) "Cohen ontvangt medaille bij afscheid van Amsterdam". Trouw. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
^ Studierechten in het wetenschappelijk onderwijs Archived 24 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine (in Dutch), Leiden University. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
^ Wandeling door een historisch besluit^{[permanent dead link‍]} (in Dutch), National Library of the Netherlands. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
^ Binden (in Dutch), Uitgeverij Prometheus. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Luisterboeken voorgelezen door Job Cohen Archived 24 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine (in Dutch), Uitgeverij Rubinstein. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
^ Reizen zonder John Archived 16 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine (in Dutch), Uitgeverij Rubinstein. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
^ Het dwaallicht Archived 16 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine (in Dutch), Uitgeverij Rubinstein. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
^ De eeuw van mijn vader Archived 16 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine (in Dutch), Uitgeverij Rubinstein. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
^ De levens van Jan Six Archived 16 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine (in Dutch), Uitgeverij Rubinstein. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
^ (in Dutch) "Cohen krijgt onderscheiding van Letland". de Volkskrant. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
^ (in Latvian) Ordenu kapituls pieškiris 151 valsts apbalvojumu par godu Latvijas Republikas 90. gadskartai Archived 22 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Latvijas Reitingi. Retrieved 7 September 2010.

External links

Official

(in Dutch) Prof.Mr.Dr. M.J. (Job) Cohen Parlement & Politiek
(in Dutch) Prof.Mr.Dr. M.J. Cohen (PvdA) Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal

Party political offices
Preceded by Joop van den Berg	Parliamentary leader of the Labour Party in the Senate 1996–1998	Succeeded by Johan Stekelenburg
Preceded by Wouter Bos	Leader of the Labour Party 2010–2012	Succeeded by Diederik Samsom
Preceded by Wouter Bos 2006	Lijsttrekker of the Labour Party 2010	Succeeded by Diederik Samsom 2012
Preceded by Mariëtte Hamer	Parliamentary leader of the Labour Party in the House of Representatives 2010–2012	Succeeded by Jeroen Dijsselbloem
Political offices
Preceded by Roel in 't Veld	State Secretary for Education and Sciences 1993–1994	Succeeded by Tineke Netelenbos as State Secretary for Education, Culture and Science
Preceded by Roel in 't Veld	State Secretary for Education and Sciences 1993–1994	Succeeded by Aad Nuis as State Secretary for Education, Culture and Science
Preceded by Elizabeth Schmitz	State Secretary for Justice 1998–2001	Succeeded by Ella Kalsbeek
Preceded by Guusje ter Horst Ad interim	Mayor of Amsterdam 2001–2010	Succeeded by Lodewijk Asscher Acting
Business positions
Preceded by Iris van Bennekom	Chairman of the Social Welfare and Unemployment providers association 2013–present	Incumbent
Preceded by Aad Kosto	Chairman of the Copyright and Patent association 2013–2019	Succeeded by Fred Teeven
Non-profit organization positions
Preceded by Unknown	Chairman of the Supervisory board of the Dutch Voluntary Euthanasia association 2018–present	Incumbent
Academic offices
Preceded by Vic Bonke	Rector Magnificus of the State University of Limburg 1991–1993 1995–1998	Succeeded by Hans Philipsen
Preceded by Hans Philipsen		Succeeded by Arie Nieuwenhuijzen Kruseman

[pronunciation-1] The phrase Marius Job Cohen is pronounced [ˈmaːrijə ˈɕɔp koːˈɦɛn]. Marius and Job in isolation are pronounced [ˈmaːrijəs] and [jɔp].

[2] (in Dutch) Job Cohen: echte held of slapjanus?, Algemeen Dagblad, 4 October 2005.

[3] (in Dutch) Cohen stopt bemiddeling Westermoskee, Algemeen Dagblad, 12 April 2007.

[4] (in Dutch) Job Cohen wil liever thee drinken dan azijn pissen, Limburger.nl, 20 February 2016.

[5] (in Dutch) Job Cohen: 'Mensen vonden mij veel te soft', Het Parool, 26 October 2014.

[6] (in Dutch) Job Cohen over de complexiteit van de vluchtelingenopvang, Sleutelstad.nl, 15 January 2016.

[7] (in Dutch) Job Cohen in bestuur Bibliotheek Amsterdam, Nu.nl, 9 January 2013

[8] (in Dutch) Job Cohen benoemd tot bijzonder hoogleraar Universiteit Leiden, NRC Handelsblad, 26 March 2014.

[huwelijk-9] (in Dutch) Joodsch Lyceum en huwelijk Archived 19 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Leiden University. Retrieved 30 August 2010.

[10] (in Dutch) Heemsteedse herinneringen aan Job Cohen (deel 1). De Heemsteder. Retrieved 30 August 2010.

[11] (in Dutch) Studie geschiedenis te Leiden Archived 19 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Leiden University. Retrieved 30 August 2010.

[12] (in Dutch) Jeugdjaren in Rotterdam Archived 19 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Leiden University. Retrieved 30 August 2010.

[13] (in Dutch) Altijd en nooit echt geweest Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Leiden University. Retrieved 20 December 2010.

[14] (in Dutch) Hoogleraar middeleeuwse geschiedenis te Leiden Archived 19 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Leiden University. Retrieved 30 August 2010.

[15] (in Dutch) Rector magnificus I: het waarnemen van de verandering Archived 19 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Leiden University. Retrieved 30 August 2010.

[16] (in Dutch) Goos gaat... (Lidie Cohen) Archived 24 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Esta. Retrieved 30 August 2010.

[17] (in Dutch) Mirjam Remie, "Lidie Cohen op 67-jarige leeftijd overleden", NRC Handelsblad, 2015. Retrieved 8 August 2015.

[18] (in Dutch) M.J. Cohen, Studierechten in het wetenschappelijk onderwijs Archived 18 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine (review of the dissertation). Jan Tom Bos & Marc Groenhuijsen. Retrieved 20 December 2010.

[19] 87th Convocation Webcast Archived 6 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. University of Windsor. Retrieved 20 December 2010.

[20] (in Dutch) Eredoctoraat voor dr. M.J. Cohen. Radboud University Nijmegen. Retrieved 20 December 2010.

[21] Profile: Mayor Job Cohen Archived 19 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine

[22] "Going Dutch". The Guardian. 2 April 2001. Retrieved 21 December 2007.

[23] Marriage and family Archived 12 January 2011 at the Wayback Machine. The Dutch Royal House. Retrieved 1 September 2010.

[time-24] Abi Daruvalla (8 October 2005). "Job Cohen – Key to the city". Time. Archived from the original on 10 December 2005. Retrieved 12 December 2006.

[25] "In Amsterdam, mayor is a job for a mediator"

[26] "New Labour leader Cohen: hard man, soft touch"

[27] "Amsterdam closes a window on its red-light tourist trade" by Anushka Asthana, The Observer, 23 September 2007.

[28] "John So, Lord Mayor of Melbourne wins the 2006 World Mayor Award". worldmayor.com. 5 December 2006.

[29] Amsterdam mayor to clean up red light district Archived 23 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Pink News, 8 January 2008

[30] "Pimping ban in Amsterdam?" Archived 26 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine by Eric Hesen, Radio Netherlands Worldwide (website), 21 September 2007.

[31] "Cohen: authoritarian but enlightened"

[32] (in Dutch) Bijna alle stemmen geteld, NOS, 10 June 2010

[33] Cohen, Job (19 April 2024). "Job Cohen: Vrijheid is als zuurstof, je merkt pas hoe bijzonder het is als het verdwijnt" [Job Cohen: Freedom is like oxygen, you only notice how special it is once it disappears]. Trouw (Interview) (in Dutch). Interviewed by Tim van der Pal and Bart Zuidervaart. Retrieved 19 April 2024.

[timemagazine-34] "Key to the city." Time Magazine. Retrieved 8 September 2010.

[35] (in Dutch) "Beste burgemeester van de afgelopen 25 jaar: Job Cohen". Trouw. Retrieved 8 September 2010.

[36] Citizenship Award Archived 23 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Foundation P&V. Retrieved 8 September 2010.

[37] Job Cohen to Receive Honorary Degree at Law Convocation Archived 19 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. University of Windsor. Retrieved 7 September 2010.

[38] (in Dutch) Job Cohen is de 25ste Reclameman van het Jaar Archived 24 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 8 September 2010.

[39] (in Dutch) Eredoctoraten van de Radboud Universiteit. Radboud University. Retrieved 7 September 2010.

[40] (in Dutch) Eredoctoraat voor dr. M.J. Cohen. Radboud University. Retrieved 7 September 2010.

[41] (in Dutch) "Cohen wint eerste Martin Luther King Award". Trouw. Retrieved 7 September 2010.

[42] (in Dutch) "Cohen ontvangt medaille bij afscheid van Amsterdam". Trouw. Retrieved 7 September 2010.

[43] Studierechten in het wetenschappelijk onderwijs Archived 24 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine (in Dutch), Leiden University. Retrieved 7 September 2010.

[44] Wandeling door een historisch besluit^{[permanent dead link‍]} (in Dutch), National Library of the Netherlands. Retrieved 14 January 2017.

[45] Binden (in Dutch), Uitgeverij Prometheus. Retrieved 31 August 2010.

[audiobook-46] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Luisterboeken voorgelezen door Job Cohen Archived 24 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine (in Dutch), Uitgeverij Rubinstein. Retrieved 31 August 2010.

[47] Reizen zonder John Archived 16 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine (in Dutch), Uitgeverij Rubinstein. Retrieved 14 January 2017.

[48] Het dwaallicht Archived 16 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine (in Dutch), Uitgeverij Rubinstein. Retrieved 14 January 2017.

[49] De eeuw van mijn vader Archived 16 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine (in Dutch), Uitgeverij Rubinstein. Retrieved 14 January 2017.

[50] De levens van Jan Six Archived 16 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine (in Dutch), Uitgeverij Rubinstein. Retrieved 14 January 2017.

[51] (in Dutch) "Cohen krijgt onderscheiding van Letland". de Volkskrant. Retrieved 7 September 2010.

[52] (in Latvian) Ordenu kapituls pieškiris 151 valsts apbalvojumu par godu Latvijas Republikas 90. gadskartai Archived 22 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Latvijas Reitingi. Retrieved 7 September 2010.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{short description|Dutch politician}}
+{{Short description|Dutch politician (born 1947)}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
 {{Infobox officeholder
@@ Line 26: / Line 26: @@
 |term_start3        = 15 January 2001
 |term_end3          = 12 March 2010
-|predecessor3       = [[Guusje ter Horst]] <small>(''ad interim'')</small>
+|predecessor3       = [[Guusje ter Horst]] (''ad interim'')
-|successor3         = [[Lodewijk Asscher]] <small>(''ad interim'')</small>
+|successor3         = [[Lodewijk Asscher]] (''ad interim'')
 |office4            = [[List of Ministers of Justice of the Netherlands|State Secretary for Justice]]
 |term_start4        = 3 August 1998
@@ Line 37: / Line 37: @@
 |term_start5        = 1 August 1996
 |term_end5          = 3 August 1998
-|predecessor5       = Joop van den Berg
+|predecessor5       = {{ill|Joop van den Berg (born 1941)|lt=Joop van den Berg|nl|Joop van den Berg (Eerste Kamerlid)}}
 |successor5         = Johan Stekelenburg
 |parliamentarygroup5=
@@ Line 49: / Line 49: @@
 |primeminister7     = [[Ruud Lubbers]]
 |predecessor7       = [[Roel in 't Veld]]
-|successor7         = [[Tineke Netelenbos]]<br>[[Aad Nuis]]<br><small>(Education, Culture and Science)</small>
+|successor7         = [[Tineke Netelenbos]]<br>[[Aad Nuis]]<br>(Education, Culture and Science)
 |birthname          = Marius Job Cohen
 |birth_date         = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1947|10|18}}
-|birth_place        = [[Haarlem]], [[Netherlands]]
+|birth_place        = [[Haarlem]], Netherlands
 |death_date         =
 |death_place        =
 |nationality        = Dutch
-|party              = [[Labour Party (Netherlands)|Labour Party]] <small>(since 1967)</small>
+|party              = [[Labour Party (Netherlands)|Labour Party]] (since 1967)
-|spouse             = {{marriage|Lidie Lodeweges|2 July 1972|4 August 2015|reason=her death}} <br/> {{marriage|Anjes van der Linden|29 August 2016}}
+|spouse             = {{plainlist|
+* {{marriage|Lidie Lodeweges|2 July 1972|4 August 2015|reason=her death}}
+* {{marriage|Anjes van der Linden|29 August 2016}}
+}}
-|children           = Jaap Cohen <small>(born 1980)</small> <br/> Lotje Cohen <small>(born 1983)</small>
-|father             = [[:nl:Dolf Cohen|Dolf Cohen]] <small>(1913–2004)</small>
+|children           = Jaap Cohen (born 1980) <br/> Lotje Cohen (born 1983)
+|father             = {{ill|Dolf Cohen|nl}} (1913–2004)
-|relatives          = [[:nl:Hendrik Cohen (apotheker)|Hendrik Cohen]] <small>(grand-father)</small> <br/> [[Floris Cohen]] <small>(brother)</small>
+|relatives          = {{ill|Hendrik Cohen|nl|Hendrik Cohen (apotheker)}} (grand-father) <br/> [[Floris Cohen]] (brother)
-|residence          = [[Amsterdam]], Netherlands
-|alma_mater         = [[University of Groningen]] <br/> <small>([[Bachelor of Laws|LL.B.]], [[Master of Laws|LL.M.]])</small> <br/> [[Leiden University]] <br/> <small>([[Doctor of Law|PhD]])</small>
+|alma_mater         = [[University of Groningen]] <br/> ([[Bachelor of Laws|LL.B.]], [[Master of Laws|LL.M.]]) <br/> [[Leiden University]] <br/> ([[Doctor of Law|PhD]])
-|occupation         = [[Politician]] · [[Jurist]] · [[Research|Researcher]] · [[Nonprofit organization|Nonprofit director]] · [[Author]] · [[Professor]]
+|occupation         = {{hlist|Politician|jurist|researcher|[[nonprofit organization|nonprofit director]]|author|professor}}
 |signature          =
 }}
-'''Marius Job Cohen''' ({{IPA-nl|ˈmaːrijɵs ˈjɔp koːˈɦɛn}}; born 18 October 1947) is a retired Dutch politician and jurist who served as [[List of mayors of Amsterdam|Mayor of Amsterdam]] from 2001 to 2010 and [[Leader of the Labour Party (Netherlands)|Leader of the Labour Party]] (PvdA) from 2010 to 2012.<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.ad.nl/ad/nl/1041/Amsterdam/article/detail/2405151/2005/10/04/Job-Cohen-echte-held-of-slapjanus.dhtml Job Cohen: echte held of slapjanus?], Algemeen Dagblad, 4 October 2005.</ref><ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.ad.nl/ad/nl/1041/Amsterdam/article/detail/2259850/2007/05/14/Cohen-stopt-bemiddeling-Westermoskee.dhtml Cohen stopt bemiddeling Westermoskee], Algemeen Dagblad, 12 April 2007.</ref><ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.limburger.nl/cnt/dmf20160219_00010305/job-cohen-beter-thee-drinken-dan-azijn-pissen Job Cohen wil liever thee drinken dan azijn pissen], Limburger.nl, 20 February 2016.</ref>
+'''Marius Job Cohen'''{{efn|name=pronunciation|The phrase ''Marius Job Cohen'' is pronounced {{IPA|nl|ˈmaːrijə ˈɕɔp koːˈɦɛn|}}. ''Marius'' and ''Job'' in isolation are pronounced {{IPA|nl|ˈmaːrijəs|}} and {{IPA|nl|jɔp|}}.}} (born 18 October 1947) is a retired Dutch politician and jurist who served as [[List of mayors of Amsterdam|Mayor of Amsterdam]] from 2001 to 2010 and [[Leader of the Labour Party (Netherlands)|Leader of the Labour Party]] (PvdA) from 2010 to 2012.<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.ad.nl/ad/nl/1041/Amsterdam/article/detail/2405151/2005/10/04/Job-Cohen-echte-held-of-slapjanus.dhtml Job Cohen: echte held of slapjanus?], Algemeen Dagblad, 4 October 2005.</ref><ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.ad.nl/ad/nl/1041/Amsterdam/article/detail/2259850/2007/05/14/Cohen-stopt-bemiddeling-Westermoskee.dhtml Cohen stopt bemiddeling Westermoskee], Algemeen Dagblad, 12 April 2007.</ref><ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.limburger.nl/cnt/dmf20160219_00010305/job-cohen-beter-thee-drinken-dan-azijn-pissen Job Cohen wil liever thee drinken dan azijn pissen], Limburger.nl, 20 February 2016.</ref>
-Cohen studied [[Law]] at the [[University of Groningen]] obtaining a [[Master of Laws]] degree. Cohen worked as a worked as researcher at the [[Leiden University]] before finishing his [[thesis]] and graduated as a [[Doctor of Law]] in [[Jurisprudence]]. Cohen worked as a professor of Jurisprudence at the [[Maastricht University|State University of Limburg]] from September 1983 until June 1993, he also served as [[List of rectores magnifici of Maastricht University|Rector Magnificus of the State University of Limburg]] from January 1991. Cohen was appointed as [[List of Ministers of Education of the Netherlands|State Secretary for Education and Sciences]] in the [[Third Lubbers cabinet|Cabinet Lubbers III]] following a [[cabinet reshuffle]] taking office on 9 June 1993. In February 1994 Cohen announced that he wouldn't stand for the [[1994 Dutch general election|election of 1994]]. Cohen continued to be active in politics and after the [[Historic composition of the Senate of the Netherlands|Senate election of 1995]] was elected as a [[Senate (Netherlands)|Member of the Senate]] on 13 June 1995 and served as a [[frontbencher]] and [[spokesperson]] for [[Ministry of Justice and Security|Justice]], [[Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)|Education and Science]]. Cohen also returned to State University of Limburg and again worked as professor of Jurisprudence and served as Rector Magnificus from January 1995 until August 1998. Following the resignation of Parliamentary leader [[:nl:Joop van den Berg (Eerste Kamerlid)|Joop van den Berg]] Cohen was selected as his successor on 1 August 1996.
+Cohen studied [[Law]] at the [[University of Groningen]] obtaining a [[Master of Laws]] degree. Cohen worked as researcher at the [[Leiden University]] before finishing his [[thesis]] and graduated as a [[Doctor of Law]] in [[Jurisprudence]]. Cohen worked as a professor of jurisprudence at the [[Maastricht University|State University of Limburg]] from September 1983 until June 1993, he also served as [[List of rectores magnifici of Maastricht University|Rector Magnificus of the State University of Limburg]] from January 1991. Cohen was appointed as [[List of Ministers of Education of the Netherlands|State Secretary for Education and Sciences]] in the [[Third Lubbers cabinet|Cabinet Lubbers III]] following a [[cabinet reshuffle]] taking office on 9 June 1993. In February 1994 Cohen announced that he wouldn't stand for the [[1994 Dutch general election|election of 1994]]. Cohen continued to be active in politics and after the [[Historic composition of the Senate of the Netherlands|Senate election of 1995]] was elected as a [[Senate (Netherlands)|Member of the Senate]] on 13 June 1995 and served as a [[frontbencher]] and [[spokesperson]] for [[Ministry of Justice and Security|Justice]], [[Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)|Education and Science]]. Cohen also returned to State University of Limburg and again worked as professor of Jurisprudence and served as Rector Magnificus from January 1995 until August 1998. Following the resignation of Parliamentary leader {{ill|Joop van den Berg (born 1941)|lt=Joop van den Berg|nl|Joop van den Berg (Eerste Kamerlid)}} Cohen was selected as his successor on 1 August 1996.
-After the [[1998 Dutch general election|election of 1998]] Cohen was appointed as [[List of Ministers of Justice of the Netherlands|State Secretary for Justice]] in the [[Second Kok cabinet|Cabinet Kok II]] taking office on 3 August 1998. In December 2000 Cohen was nominated as the next [[List of mayors of Amsterdam|Mayor of Amsterdam]] serving from 15 January 2001 until his resignation on 12 March 2010. Shortly before a upcoming [[2010 Dutch general election|election]] [[Leader of the Labour Party (Netherlands)|Labour Leader]] [[Wouter Bos]] unexpectedly announced his retirement and Cohen announced his candidacy and was anonymously selected as his successor on 25 April 2010. For the [[2010 Dutch general election|election of 2010]] Cohen served as ''[[Lijsttrekker]]'' (top candidate) and was elected as a [[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|Member of the House of Representatives]] and became Parliamentary leader on 17 June 2010. In January 2012 Cohen announced his retirement and that he was stepping down as Leader and Parliamentary leader on 20 February 2012 but continued to serve in the House of Representatives as a [[backbencher]] until his resignation on 29 February 2012.<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.parool.nl/binnenland/job-cohen-mensen-vonden-mij-veel-te-soft~a3776168/ Job Cohen: 'Mensen vonden mij veel te soft'], Het Parool, 26 October 2014.</ref><ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://sleutelstad.nl/2016/01/15/job-cohen-over-de-complexiteit-van-de-vluchtelingenopvang/ Job Cohen over de complexiteit van de vluchtelingenopvang], Sleutelstad.nl, 15 January 2016.</ref>
+After the [[1998 Dutch general election|election of 1998]] Cohen was appointed as [[List of Ministers of Justice of the Netherlands|State Secretary for Justice]] in the [[Second Kok cabinet|Cabinet Kok II]] taking office on 3 August 1998. In December 2000 Cohen was nominated as the next [[List of mayors of Amsterdam|Mayor of Amsterdam]] serving from 15 January 2001 until his resignation on 12 March 2010. Shortly before an upcoming [[2010 Dutch general election|election]] [[Leader of the Labour Party (Netherlands)|Labour Leader]] [[Wouter Bos]] unexpectedly announced his retirement and Cohen announced his candidacy and was anonymously selected as his successor on 25 April 2010. For the [[2010 Dutch general election|election of 2010]] Cohen served as ''[[Lijsttrekker]]'' (top candidate) and was elected as a [[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|Member of the House of Representatives]] and became Parliamentary leader on 17 June 2010. In January 2012 Cohen announced his retirement and that he was stepping down as Leader and Parliamentary leader on 20 February 2012 but continued to serve in the House of Representatives as a [[backbencher]] until his resignation on 29 February 2012.<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.parool.nl/binnenland/job-cohen-mensen-vonden-mij-veel-te-soft~a3776168/ Job Cohen: 'Mensen vonden mij veel te soft'], Het Parool, 26 October 2014.</ref><ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://sleutelstad.nl/2016/01/15/job-cohen-over-de-complexiteit-van-de-vluchtelingenopvang/ Job Cohen over de complexiteit van de vluchtelingenopvang], Sleutelstad.nl, 15 January 2016.</ref>
-Cohen retired from active politics at 64 and became active in the [[public sector]] as a non-profit director and served on several [[:nl:Staatscommissie|state commissions]] and councils on behalf of the government, and worked as a distinguished professor of [[Constitutional law]] and Governmental studies at his alma mater in [[Leiden University|Leiden]] from April 2014 until January 2019.<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.nu.nl/boek/2999601/job-cohen-in-bestuur-bibliotheek-amsterdam.html Job Cohen in bestuur Bibliotheek Amsterdam], Nu.nl, 9 January 2013</ref><ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2014/03/26/job-cohen-benoemd-tot-bijzonder-hoogleraar-universiteit-leiden Job Cohen benoemd tot bijzonder hoogleraar Universiteit Leiden], NRC Handelsblad, 26 March 2014.</ref>
+Cohen retired from active politics at 64 and became active in the [[public sector]] as a non-profit director and served on several {{ill|state commissions (Netherlands)|lt=state commissions|nl|Staatscommissie}} and councils on behalf of the government, and worked as a distinguished professor of [[Constitutional law]] and Governmental studies at his alma mater in [[Leiden University|Leiden]] from April 2014 until January 2019.<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.nu.nl/boek/2999601/job-cohen-in-bestuur-bibliotheek-amsterdam.html Job Cohen in bestuur Bibliotheek Amsterdam], Nu.nl, 9 January 2013</ref><ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2014/03/26/job-cohen-benoemd-tot-bijzonder-hoogleraar-universiteit-leiden Job Cohen benoemd tot bijzonder hoogleraar Universiteit Leiden], NRC Handelsblad, 26 March 2014.</ref>
 == Biography ==
@@ Line 79: / Line 81: @@
 [[Marius (name)|Marius]] [[Job (Biblical figure)|Job]] [[Cohen (surname)|Cohen]] was born in [[Haarlem]]. He is the second child (of two) of Adolf Emile "Dolf" Cohen (1913–2004) and Henriëtte "Hetty" Koster (1913–1996). His elder brother is [[H. Floris Cohen|Floris Cohen]] (born 1946).<ref name="huwelijk">{{in lang|nl}} [http://bc.ub.leidenuniv.nl/bc/tentoonstelling/Cohen/5.html Joodsch Lyceum en huwelijk] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719045516/http://bc.ub.leidenuniv.nl/bc/tentoonstelling/Cohen/5.html |date=19 July 2011 }}. [[Leiden University]]. Retrieved 30 August 2010.</ref><ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.heemsteder.nl/news_hs/news_hs_wk15_2010.pdf Heemsteedse herinneringen aan Job Cohen (deel 1)]. De Heemsteder. Retrieved 30 August 2010.</ref>
-His parents both studied history and became high school teachers of history.<ref name="huwelijk" /><ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://bc.ub.leidenuniv.nl/bc/tentoonstelling/Cohen/2.html Studie geschiedenis te Leiden] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719045525/http://bc.ub.leidenuniv.nl/bc/tentoonstelling/Cohen/2.html |date=19 July 2011 }}. [[Leiden University]]. Retrieved 30 August 2010.</ref> They were liberal (non-religious) Jews, and were forced into hiding until the end of [[World War II]].<ref name="huwelijk" /> His paternal grandparents Hendrik Cohen and Flora Polak both died in [[Bergen-Belsen concentration camp]] in 1945.<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://bc.ub.leidenuniv.nl/bc/tentoonstelling/Cohen/1.html Jeugdjaren in Rotterdam] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100219143018/http://bc.ub.leidenuniv.nl/bc/tentoonstelling/Cohen/1.html |date=19 February 2010 }}. [[Leiden University]]. Retrieved 30 August 2010.</ref> After the war, his father worked at the [[Dutch Institute for War Documentation]].<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.leidenuniv.nl/nieuwsarchief2/680.html Altijd en nooit echt geweest ]. [[Leiden University]]. Retrieved 20 December 2010.</ref> Later he became a professor of [[Middle Ages|medieval history]] and a ''[[rector magnificus]]'' at [[Leiden University]].<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://bc.ub.leidenuniv.nl/bc/tentoonstelling/Cohen/8.html Hoogleraar middeleeuwse geschiedenis te Leiden] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719045542/http://bc.ub.leidenuniv.nl/bc/tentoonstelling/Cohen/8.html |date=19 July 2011 }}. [[Leiden University]]. Retrieved 30 August 2010.</ref><ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://bc.ub.leidenuniv.nl/bc/tentoonstelling/Cohen/9.html Rector magnificus I: het waarnemen van de verandering] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719045553/http://bc.ub.leidenuniv.nl/bc/tentoonstelling/Cohen/9.html |date=19 July 2011 }}. [[Leiden University]]. Retrieved 30 August 2010.</ref> His mother became a member of the [[city council]] of [[Heemstede]]. His parents were both early members of the Labour Party.<ref name="huwelijk" />
+His parents both studied history and became high school teachers of history.<ref name="huwelijk" /><ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://bc.ub.leidenuniv.nl/bc/tentoonstelling/Cohen/2.html Studie geschiedenis te Leiden] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719045525/http://bc.ub.leidenuniv.nl/bc/tentoonstelling/Cohen/2.html |date=19 July 2011 }}. [[Leiden University]]. Retrieved 30 August 2010.</ref> They were secular Jews, and were forced into hiding until the end of [[World War II]].<ref name="huwelijk" /> His paternal grandparents Hendrik Cohen and Flora Polak both were murdered in [[Bergen-Belsen concentration camp]] in 1945.<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://bc.ub.leidenuniv.nl/bc/tentoonstelling/Cohen/1.html Jeugdjaren in Rotterdam] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100219143018/http://bc.ub.leidenuniv.nl/bc/tentoonstelling/Cohen/1.html |date=19 February 2010 }}. [[Leiden University]]. Retrieved 30 August 2010.</ref> After the war, his father worked at the [[Dutch Institute for War Documentation]].<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.leidenuniv.nl/nieuwsarchief2/680.html Altijd en nooit echt geweest ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303175624/http://www.leidenuniv.nl/nieuwsarchief2/680.html |date=3 March 2016 }}. [[Leiden University]]. Retrieved 20 December 2010.</ref> Later he became a professor of [[Middle Ages|medieval history]] and a ''[[rector magnificus]]'' at [[Leiden University]].<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://bc.ub.leidenuniv.nl/bc/tentoonstelling/Cohen/8.html Hoogleraar middeleeuwse geschiedenis te Leiden] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719045542/http://bc.ub.leidenuniv.nl/bc/tentoonstelling/Cohen/8.html |date=19 July 2011 }}. [[Leiden University]]. Retrieved 30 August 2010.</ref><ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://bc.ub.leidenuniv.nl/bc/tentoonstelling/Cohen/9.html Rector magnificus I: het waarnemen van de verandering] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719045553/http://bc.ub.leidenuniv.nl/bc/tentoonstelling/Cohen/9.html |date=19 July 2011 }}. [[Leiden University]]. Retrieved 30 August 2010.</ref> His mother became a member of the [[city council]] of [[Heemstede]]. His parents were both early members of the Labour Party.<ref name="huwelijk" />
-Cohen attended public primary school in Heemstede. He attended the secondary school Stedelijk [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]] in Haarlem from 1960 to 1966. He studied Dutch [[public law]] at the [[University of Groningen]] from 1966 and obtained his [[Master of Laws]] degree in 1971. During his student years, he was a member of the student association [[Groninger Studentencorps Vindicat atque Polit|Vindicat atque Polit]].{{fact|date=August 2019}}
+Cohen attended public primary school in Heemstede. He attended the secondary school Stedelijk [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]] in Haarlem from 1960 to 1966. He studied Dutch [[public law]] at the [[University of Groningen]] from 1966 and obtained his [[Master of Laws]] degree in 1971. During his student years, he was a member of the student association [[Groninger Studentencorps Vindicat atque Polit|Vindicat atque Polit]].{{citation needed|date=August 2019}}
 Cohen married Lidie Lodeweges on 2 July 1972 in Groningen. She studied [[Dutch language]] in Groningen and was a high school teacher. She had [[multiple sclerosis]] and needed a [[wheelchair]]. Cohen and his wife had two children, son Jaap (born 1980) and daughter Lotje (born 1983).<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.msweb.nl/imguser/product/3ecuitgekniptcohen.pdf Goos gaat... (Lidie Cohen)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724161506/http://www.msweb.nl/imguser/product/3ecuitgekniptcohen.pdf |date=24 July 2011 }}. Esta. Retrieved 30 August 2010.</ref> Lidie Cohen died on 4 August 2015.<ref>{{in lang|nl}} Mirjam Remie, "[http://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2015/08/08/lidie-cohen-op-67-jarige-leeftijd-overleden/ Lidie Cohen op 67-jarige leeftijd overleden]", ''[[NRC Handelsblad]]'', 2015. Retrieved 8 August 2015.</ref>
@@ Line 94: / Line 96: @@
 Between 1 September 1971 and 1 September 1981, Job Cohen held a scientific position at the Bureau Research of Education at [[Leiden University]]. He obtained a doctorate (PhD) from this university in June 1981, with a dissertation on the rights of university students.<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://arno.uvt.nl/show.cgi?fid=26837 M.J. Cohen, Studierechten in het wetenschappelijk onderwijs] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718171900/http://arno.uvt.nl/show.cgi?fid=26837 |date=18 July 2011 }} (review of the dissertation). Jan Tom Bos & Marc Groenhuijsen. Retrieved 20 December 2010.</ref>
-On 1 September 1981 he joined the [[Maastricht University|State University of Limburg]] in a higher scientific capacity, and was chairman of the commission that prepared the establishment of a faculty of law. On 1 September 1983 Cohen became professor of methods and techniques at the faculty of law; on 1 January 1991 he also became ''[[rector magnificus]]'' of the State University of Limburg. He resigned from this position to become [[State Secretary (Netherlands)|State Secretary]] for [[Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)|Education and Sciences]] in 1993.{{fact|date=August 2019}}
+On 1 September 1981, he joined the [[Maastricht University|State University of Limburg]] in a higher scientific capacity, and was chairman of the commission that prepared the establishment of a faculty of law. On 1 September 1983, Cohen became professor of methods and techniques at the faculty of law; on 1 January 1991 he also became ''[[rector magnificus]]'' of the State University of Limburg. He resigned from this position to become [[State Secretary (Netherlands)|State Secretary]] for [[Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)|Education and Sciences]] in 1993.{{citation needed|date=August 2019}}
-In 1995 he returned to his position in Maastricht as professor and rector magnificus at [[Maastricht University]] (the former State University of Limburg). From 1 January 1998, he took a [[sabbatical]] year, but he resigned in August 1998 when he became [[State Secretary (Netherlands)|State Secretary]] for [[Ministry of Justice (Netherlands)|Justice]].{{fact|date=August 2019}}
+In 1995 he returned to his position in Maastricht as professor and rector magnificus at [[Maastricht University]] (the former State University of Limburg). From 1 January 1998, he took a [[sabbatical]] year, but he resigned in August 1998 when he became [[State Secretary (Netherlands)|State Secretary]] for [[Ministry of Justice (Netherlands)|Justice]].{{citation needed|date=August 2019}}
-Cohen has received two honorary degrees for his contributions to law and society, one in 2007 from the [[University of Windsor]]<ref>[http://convocation.uwindsor.ca/07/Spring07/default.htm?jobcohen.asx 87th Convocation Webcast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706212242/http://convocation.uwindsor.ca/07/Spring07/default.htm?jobcohen.asx |date=6 July 2011 }}. [[University of Windsor]]. Retrieved 20 December 2010.</ref> and one in 2008 from the [[Radboud University Nijmegen]].<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [https://archive.is/20120909181803/http://www.ru.nl/over_de_universiteit/feiten_cijfers/vm/eredoctoraten/vm/eredoctoraat_voor_dr/ Eredoctoraat voor dr. M.J. Cohen]. [[Radboud University Nijmegen]]. Retrieved 20 December 2010.</ref>
+Cohen has received two honorary degrees for his contributions to law and society, one in 2007 from the [[University of Windsor]]<ref>[http://convocation.uwindsor.ca/07/Spring07/default.htm?jobcohen.asx 87th Convocation Webcast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706212242/http://convocation.uwindsor.ca/07/Spring07/default.htm?jobcohen.asx |date=6 July 2011 }}. [[University of Windsor]]. Retrieved 20 December 2010.</ref> and one in 2008 from the [[Radboud University Nijmegen]].<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [https://archive.today/20120909181803/http://www.ru.nl/over_de_universiteit/feiten_cijfers/vm/eredoctoraten/vm/eredoctoraat_voor_dr/ Eredoctoraat voor dr. M.J. Cohen]. [[Radboud University Nijmegen]]. Retrieved 20 December 2010.</ref>
 ===Political career ===
@@ Line 120: / Line 122: @@
 On 2 February 2002, Job Cohen performed the civil marriage of [[Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange|Prince Willem-Alexander]] and [[Princess Máxima of the Netherlands|Máxima Zorreguieta]] in the [[Beurs van Berlage]] in Amsterdam.<ref>[http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/english/Who_s_who/The_Prince_of_Orange/Marriage_and_family.html Marriage and family] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110112081503/http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/english/Who_s_who/The_Prince_of_Orange/Marriage_and_family.html |date=12 January 2011 }}. The Dutch Royal House. Retrieved 1 September 2010.</ref>
-In November 2004, controversial film maker [[Theo van Gogh (film director)|Theo van Gogh]] was killed in Amsterdam by a Muslim extremist. ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' awarded Cohen the title "European Hero" in 2005, for his inclusive approach towards the Muslim community after the murder, defusing tension in the city.<ref name="time">{{cite news | author=Abi Daruvalla | title=Job Cohen – Key to the city | url=http://www.time.com/time/europe/hero2005/cohen.html | work=Time | date=8 October 2005 | access-date=12 December 2006}}</ref>
+In November 2004, controversial film maker [[Theo van Gogh (film director)|Theo van Gogh]] was killed in Amsterdam by a Muslim extremist. ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' awarded Cohen the title "European Hero" in 2005, for his inclusive approach towards the Muslim community after the murder, defusing tension in the city.<ref name="time">{{cite magazine | author=Abi Daruvalla | title=Job Cohen – Key to the city | url=http://www.time.com/time/europe/hero2005/cohen.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210182413/http://www.time.com/time/europe/hero2005/cohen.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=10 December 2005 | magazine=Time | date=8 October 2005 | access-date=12 December 2006}}</ref>
 Cohen found himself thrown into the role of mediator between the city's Muslims, the original Dutch population and other groups in the cultural and racial mix. Almost half Amsterdam's residents are of non-Western descent, a majority of them Muslims.''"Islam is here to stay, in this country, in this city (...) We have to deal with Islam as a fact, not whether we like it. So the real question is how to get on with each other."'' Cohen took pride in the fact that in Amsterdam no violence or arson occurred in response to the killing.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/30/world/europe/30iht-mayor7.html "In Amsterdam, mayor is a job for a mediator"]</ref> By his visiting ethnic groups, organizing debates among religious leaders and his listening and promoting dialogue, he received from opponents the mocking nickname of "tea drinker" – an image that would be exploited by them when he returned in the Dutch national politics in 2010.<ref>[http://www.nrc.nl/international/article2504042.ece "New Labour leader Cohen: hard man, soft touch"]</ref>
-On 27 January 2006 Cohen announced he would be willing to serve a second term as mayor of Amsterdam. On 12 July 2006 the municipality of Amsterdam almost unanimously ([[Democrats 66]] opposed, being in favour of an elected mayor) supported Cohen to prolong his career as a mayor after 15 January 2007 when his first term ended.
+On 27 January 2006, Cohen announced he would be willing to serve a second term as mayor of Amsterdam. On 12 July 2006, the municipality of Amsterdam almost unanimously ([[Democrats 66]] opposed, being in favour of an elected mayor) supported Cohen to prolong his career as a mayor after 15 January 2007 when his first term ended.
-Cohen's politics towards ethnic minorities in Amsterdam was characterized by the slogan "keeping things together" (''de boel bij elkaar houden''). On 2 May 2006 Immigration Minister [[Rita Verdonk]] of the centre-right [[People's Party for Freedom and Democracy|VVD]] accused Amsterdam of becoming a "[[banana republic]]" with a lax safety policy; she cited the criminal liquidations and the disturbance caused by young people as examples of this. However, in the yearly crime meter of the [[Algemeen Dagblad]] Amsterdam did not perform particularly badly in safety policy and crime fighting. One of the reasons for this was Cohen's targeted approach towards those who commit multiple crimes (''veelplegers''). Cohen stated that his policy which combines soft and hard approaches, fighting crime and fighting the causes of crime, was the key to his successful safety policy.
+Cohen's politics towards ethnic minorities in Amsterdam was characterized by the slogan "keeping things together" (''de boel bij elkaar houden''). On 2 May 2006, Immigration Minister [[Rita Verdonk]] of the centre-right [[People's Party for Freedom and Democracy|VVD]] accused Amsterdam of becoming a "[[banana republic]]" with a lax safety policy; she cited the criminal liquidations and the disturbance caused by young people as examples of this. However, in the yearly crime meter of the [[Algemeen Dagblad]] Amsterdam did not perform particularly badly in safety policy and crime fighting. One of the reasons for this was Cohen's targeted approach towards those who commit multiple crimes (''veelplegers''). Cohen stated that his policy which combines soft and hard approaches, fighting crime and fighting the causes of crime, was the key to his successful safety policy.
 In 2006 Cohen was the runner-up in the award for [[World Mayor]] of 2006, behind [[Melbourne]] mayor [[John So]], and ahead of [[Harrisburg]] mayor [[Stephen R. Reed]]. World Mayor praised Cohen's leadership following the murder of [[Theo van Gogh (film director)|Theo van Gogh]] in 2004, and his efforts at bringing together the diverse population of Amsterdam.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2007/sep/23/travelnews.amsterdam "Amsterdam closes a window on its red-light tourist trade"] by [[Anushka Asthana]], ''[[The Observer]]'', 23 September 2007.
@@ Line 140: / Line 142: @@
 On 20 February 2012, he resigned as leader of the Labour Party, he also left the House of Representatives over criticisms that he had been too moderate towards the center-right Dutch government's planned economic austerity measures and the Dutch government's support for the EU Commission's plan to bail out Greece, which had been passed with the support of the Dutch Labour Party. At the time of his resignation, the Dutch Socialist Party, politically to the left of the Dutch Labour Party, had overtaken the Dutch Labour Party in a number of opinion polls.
+===Later life===
+Cohen and his wife moved to [[Maarssen]] around 2016. In his retirement, he served as chair of the [[supervisory board]] of NVVE, a Dutch [[right to die]] association, and he has been a guest speaker about World War II at schools.<ref>{{Cite interview |url = https://www.trouw.nl/binnenland/job-cohen-vrijheid-is-als-zuurstof-je-merkt-pas-hoe-bijzonder-het-is-als-het-verdwijnt~b0eed6ac/ |interviewer = Tim van der Pal and Bart Zuidervaart |url-access = subscription |date = 19 April 2024 |last = Cohen |first = Job |access-date = 19 April 2024 |language = nl |website = [[Trouw]] |title = Job Cohen: Vrijheid is als zuurstof, je merkt pas hoe bijzonder het is als het verdwijnt |trans-title = Job Cohen: Freedom is like oxygen, you only notice how special it is once it disappears }}</ref>
 ==Honors and awards==
-* European Hero (2005), ''[[Time Magazine]]''<ref name="timemagazine">"[http://www.time.com/time/europe/hero2005/cohen.html Key to the city]." ''[[Time Magazine]]''. Retrieved 8 September 2010.</ref>
+* European Hero (2005), ''[[Time Magazine]]''<ref name="timemagazine">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20051210182413/http://www.time.com/time/europe/hero2005/cohen.html Key to the city]." ''[[Time Magazine]]''. Retrieved 8 September 2010.</ref>
 * Best Mayor of the Last 25 Years (2005), ''Binnenlands Bestuur''<ref>{{in lang|nl}} "[http://www.trouw.nl/krantenarchief/2005/11/04/2333571/Beste_burgemeester_van_de_afgelopen_25_jaar__Job_Cohen.html Beste burgemeester van de afgelopen 25 jaar: Job Cohen]". ''[[Trouw]]''. Retrieved 8 September 2010.</ref>
 * Citizenship Award (2005), P&V Foundation<ref>[http://www.stichtingpv.be/index.php?id=4 Citizenship Award] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823205508/http://www.stichtingpv.be/index.php?id=4 |date=23 August 2011 }}. Foundation P&V. Retrieved 8 September 2010.</ref>
-* Honorary degree (2007), [[University of Windsor]], Ontario, Canada<ref>[http://web4.uwindsor.ca/units/law/newschannel/archives/newsS07.nsf/0/7a757f6d38f8a17a852574c7006d144e!OpenDocument&Click= Job Cohen to Receive Honorary Degree at Law Convocation]. [[University of Windsor]]. Retrieved 7 September 2010.</ref>
+* Honorary degree (2007), [[University of Windsor]], Ontario, Canada<ref>[http://web4.uwindsor.ca/units/law/newschannel/archives/newsS07.nsf/0/7a757f6d38f8a17a852574c7006d144e!OpenDocument&Click= Job Cohen to Receive Honorary Degree at Law Convocation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719121104/http://web4.uwindsor.ca/units/law/newschannel/archives/newsS07.nsf/0/7a757f6d38f8a17a852574c7006d144e%21OpenDocument%26Click%3D |date=19 July 2011 }}. [[University of Windsor]]. Retrieved 7 September 2010.</ref>
 * Advertising Man of the Year (2007), ''Marketing Tribune''<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.marketingtribune.nl/nieuws/job-cohen-is-de-25ste-reclameman-van-het-jaar/ Job Cohen is de 25ste Reclameman van het Jaar] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724055721/http://www.marketingtribune.nl/nieuws/job-cohen-is-de-25ste-reclameman-van-het-jaar/ |date=24 July 2011 }}. Retrieved 8 September 2010.</ref>
-* Honorary degree (2008), [[Radboud University Nijmegen]]<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [https://archive.is/20130222194219/http://www.ru.nl/over_de_universiteit/feiten_cijfers/vm/eredoctoraten/ Eredoctoraten van de Radboud Universiteit]. [[Radboud University]]. Retrieved 7 September 2010.</ref><ref>{{in lang|nl}} [https://archive.is/20120909181803/http://www.ru.nl/over_de_universiteit/feiten_cijfers/vm/eredoctoraten/vm/eredoctoraat_voor_dr/ Eredoctoraat voor dr. M.J. Cohen]. [[Radboud University]]. Retrieved 7 September 2010.</ref>
+* Honorary degree (2008), [[Radboud University Nijmegen]]<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [https://archive.today/20130222194219/http://www.ru.nl/over_de_universiteit/feiten_cijfers/vm/eredoctoraten/ Eredoctoraten van de Radboud Universiteit]. [[Radboud University]]. Retrieved 7 September 2010.</ref><ref>{{in lang|nl}} [https://archive.today/20120909181803/http://www.ru.nl/over_de_universiteit/feiten_cijfers/vm/eredoctoraten/vm/eredoctoraat_voor_dr/ Eredoctoraat voor dr. M.J. Cohen]. [[Radboud University]]. Retrieved 7 September 2010.</ref>
 * Martin Luther King Award (2008), DutchVersity<ref>{{in lang|nl}} "[http://www.trouw.nl/nieuws/nederland/article1694043.ece Cohen wint eerste Martin Luther King Award]". ''[[Trouw]]''. Retrieved 7 September 2010.</ref>
 * Gold Medal (2010), city council of [[Amsterdam]]<ref>{{in lang|nl}} "[http://www.trouw.nl/nieuws/politiek/article3029650.ece Cohen ontvangt medaille bij afscheid van Amsterdam]". ''[[Trouw]]''. Retrieved 7 September 2010.</ref>
@@ Line 154: / Line 159: @@
 ;Books (as author)
 * ''Studierechten in het wetenschappelijk onderwijs'' (1981), dissertation<ref>[http://catalogus.leidenuniv.nl/F/?func=full-set-set&set_number=014985&set_entry=000015&format=999 Studierechten in het wetenschappelijk onderwijs] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724160438/http://catalogus.leidenuniv.nl/F/?func=full-set-set&set_number=014985&set_entry=000015&format=999 |date=24 July 2011 }} (in Dutch), [[Leiden University]]. Retrieved 7 September 2010.</ref>
-* ''Wandeling door een historisch besluit'' (2003)<ref>[https://opc-kb.oclc.org/DB=1/SET=1/TTL=41/CMD?ACT=SRCHA&IKT=1016&SRT=YOP&TRM=90-807689-2-8 Wandeling door een historisch besluit] (in Dutch), [[National Library of the Netherlands]]. Retrieved 14 January 2017.</ref>
+* ''Wandeling door een historisch besluit'' (2003)<ref>[https://opc-kb.oclc.org/DB=1/SET=1/TTL=41/CMD?ACT=SRCHA&IKT=1016&SRT=YOP&TRM=90-807689-2-8 Wandeling door een historisch besluit]{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (in Dutch), [[National Library of the Netherlands]]. Retrieved 14 January 2017.</ref>
 * ''Binden'' (2009), collection of speeches and lectures<ref>[http://www.uitgeverijprometheus.nl/index.php?option=com_pac&view=boek_detail&isbn=9789035134119 Binden] (in Dutch), Uitgeverij Prometheus. Retrieved 31 August 2010.</ref>
@@ Line 164: / Line 169: @@
 * ''Titaantjes'' (2010), novella written by Nescio<ref name="audiobook" />
 * ''[[Max Havelaar]]'' (2010), novel written by [[Multatuli]]<ref name="audiobook" />
-* ''Reizen zonder John'' (2012), non-fiction written by [[Geert Mak]]<ref>[http://www.rubinstein.nl/titel/Reizen%20zonder%20John/1077 Reizen zonder John] (in Dutch), Uitgeverij Rubinstein. Retrieved 14 January 2017.</ref>
+* ''Reizen zonder John'' (2012), non-fiction written by [[Geert Mak]]<ref>[http://www.rubinstein.nl/titel/Reizen%20zonder%20John/1077 Reizen zonder John] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116151420/http://www.rubinstein.nl/titel/Reizen%20zonder%20John/1077 |date=16 January 2017 }} (in Dutch), Uitgeverij Rubinstein. Retrieved 14 January 2017.</ref>
-* ''Het dwaallicht'' (2013), novella written by Willem Elsschot<ref>[http://www.rubinstein.nl/titel/Het%20dwaallicht/1105 Het dwaallicht] (in Dutch), Uitgeverij Rubinstein. Retrieved 14 January 2017.</ref>
+* ''Het dwaallicht'' (2013), novella written by Willem Elsschot<ref>[http://www.rubinstein.nl/titel/Het%20dwaallicht/1105 Het dwaallicht] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116152612/http://www.rubinstein.nl/titel/Het%20dwaallicht/1105 |date=16 January 2017 }} (in Dutch), Uitgeverij Rubinstein. Retrieved 14 January 2017.</ref>
-* ''De eeuw van mijn vader'' (2013), non-fiction written by Geert Mak<ref>[http://www.rubinstein.nl/titel/De%20eeuw%20van%20mijn%20vader/1107 De eeuw van mijn vader] (in Dutch), Uitgeverij Rubinstein. Retrieved 14 January 2017.</ref>
+* ''De eeuw van mijn vader'' (2013), non-fiction written by Geert Mak<ref>[http://www.rubinstein.nl/titel/De%20eeuw%20van%20mijn%20vader/1107 De eeuw van mijn vader] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116153028/http://www.rubinstein.nl/titel/De%20eeuw%20van%20mijn%20vader/1107 |date=16 January 2017 }} (in Dutch), Uitgeverij Rubinstein. Retrieved 14 January 2017.</ref>
-* ''De levens van Jan Six'' (2016), non-fiction written by Geert Mak<ref>[http://www.rubinstein.nl/titel/De%20levens%20van%20Jan%20Six/1558 De levens van Jan Six] (in Dutch), Uitgeverij Rubinstein. Retrieved 14 January 2017.</ref>
+* ''De levens van Jan Six'' (2016), non-fiction written by Geert Mak<ref>[http://www.rubinstein.nl/titel/De%20levens%20van%20Jan%20Six/1558 De levens van Jan Six] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116152925/http://www.rubinstein.nl/titel/De%20levens%20van%20Jan%20Six/1558 |date=16 January 2017 }} (in Dutch), Uitgeverij Rubinstein. Retrieved 14 January 2017.</ref>
 ==Decorations==
@@ Line 176: / Line 181: @@
 ! style="width:80px;"| Ribbon bar !! Honour !! Country !! Date !! Comment
 |-
-| [[File:NLD Order of the Dutch Lion - Knight BAR.png|80px]]
+| [[File:Order of the Netherlands Lion (Knight) - Ribbon bar.svg|80px]]
 | [[Order (distinction)|Knight]] of the [[Order of the Netherlands Lion]]
 | Netherlands
@@ Line 182: / Line 187: @@
 |
 |-
-| [[File:NLD Order of Orange-Nassau - Knight BAR.png|80px]]
+| [[File:Order of Orange-Nassau ribbon - Knight.svg|80px]]
 | [[Order (distinction)|Knight]] of the [[Order of Orange-Nassau]]
 | Netherlands
@@ Line 198: / Line 203: @@
 | [[Latvia]]
 | 23 October 2008
-| <ref>{{in lang|nl}} "[http://www.volkskrant.nl/binnenland/article542883.ece Cohen krijgt onderscheiding van Letland]". ''[[de Volkskrant]]''. Retrieved 7 September 2010.</ref><ref>{{in lang|lv}} [http://www.reitingi.lv/lv/news/latvijai90/24400.htm Ordenu kapituls pieškiris 151 valsts apbalvojumu par godu Latvijas Republikas 90. gadskartai]. Latvijas Reitingi. Retrieved 7 September 2010.</ref>
+| <ref>{{in lang|nl}} "[http://www.volkskrant.nl/binnenland/article542883.ece Cohen krijgt onderscheiding van Letland]". ''[[de Volkskrant]]''. Retrieved 7 September 2010.</ref><ref>{{in lang|lv}} [http://www.reitingi.lv/lv/news/latvijai90/24400.htm Ordenu kapituls pieškiris 151 valsts apbalvojumu par godu Latvijas Republikas 90. gadskartai] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722035909/http://www.reitingi.lv/lv/news/latvijai90/24400.htm |date=22 July 2011 }}. Latvijas Reitingi. Retrieved 7 September 2010.</ref>
 |-
 |}
+==Notes==
+{{Notelist}}
 ==References==
@@ Line 269: / Line 277: @@
 [[Category:Copyright activists]]
 [[Category:Dutch academic administrators]]
-[[Category:Dutch Jews]]
 [[Category:Dutch legal scholars]]
 [[Category:Dutch legal writers]]
@@ Line 280: / Line 287: @@
 [[Category:Dutch trade association executives]]
 [[Category:Euthanasia activists]]
-[[Category:Grand Officiers of the Légion d'honneur]]
+[[Category:Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour]]
 [[Category:Governmental studies academics]]
 [[Category:Jewish Dutch politicians]]
-[[Category:Jewish Dutch scientists]]
 [[Category:Jewish Dutch writers]]
 [[Category:Jewish educators]]
@@ Line 292: / Line 298: @@
 [[Category:Labour Party (Netherlands) politicians]]
 [[Category:Leiden University alumni]]
-[[Category:Leiden University faculty]]
+[[Category:Academic staff of Leiden University]]
-[[Category:Maastricht University faculty]]
+[[Category:Academic staff of Maastricht University]]
 [[Category:Mayors of Amsterdam]]
-[[Category:Members of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)]]
+[[Category:Dutch MPs 2010–2012]]
 [[Category:Members of the Senate (Netherlands)]]
 [[Category:Rectors of universities in the Netherlands]]
 [[Category:Leaders of the Labour Party (Netherlands)]]
-[[Category:People from Haarlem]]
+[[Category:Politicians from Haarlem]]
 [[Category:Recipients of the Cross of Recognition]]
-[[Category:Scientists from Amsterdam]]
 [[Category:State Secretaries for Education of the Netherlands]]
 [[Category:State Secretaries for Justice of the Netherlands]]
@@ Line 310: / Line 315: @@
 [[Category:20th-century Dutch male writers]]
 [[Category:20th-century Dutch politicians]]
-[[Category:20th-century Dutch scientists]]
 [[Category:21st-century Dutch educators]]
 [[Category:21st-century Dutch jurists]]
 [[Category:21st-century Dutch male writers]]
-[[Category:21st-century Dutch politicians]]
-[[Category:21st-century Dutch scientists]]

v t e Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands (2010–2012)
House of Representatives, 17 June 2010 – 19 September 2012
People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (31)	Blok Aptroot Van Ark Azmani Van Beek Berckmoes-Duindam De Boer Bosman Ten Broeke Van der Burg De Caluwé <Dezentjé Hamming-Bluemink> Dijkhoff Elias Harbers Hennis-Plasschaert Houwers Huizing <De Krom> Leegte De Liefde Lodders Lucas Van Miltenburg Mulder Neppérus <Nicolaï> Van Nieuwenhuizen <Rutte> Schaart <Schippers> Snijder-Hazelhoff Van der Steur Straus Taverne <Teeven> <Weekers> Ziengs <Zijlstra>
Labour Party (30)	Samsom Albayrak Arib Bouwmeester Çelik <Cohen> Van Dam Van Dekken Dijksma Dijsselbloem Dikkers Eijsink Groot Hamer Heijnen Hilkens Jacobi Jadnanansing Klijnsma <Kraneveldt> Kuiken De Lange <Leerdam> Marcouch Monasch Plasterk Recourt Smeets <Spekman> Timmermans Van der Veen Verbeet (Speaker) Vermeij Wolbert
Christian Democratic Appeal (21)	Van Haersma Buma <Atsma> <Bijleveld> <Bijsterveldt> Biskop Blanksma-van den Heuvel Van Bochove Bruins Slot Çörüz Ferrier Haverkamp Van Hijum Holtackers <De Jager> <Joldersma> <Klink> Knops Koopmans Koppejan Omtzigt Ormel De Rouwe Smilde Sterk Van Toorenburg Uitslag <Verburg> <Verhagen> Van der Werf
Party for Freedom (20)	Wilders Agema Beertema Van den Besselaar Bontes Bosma Van Dijck Dille Driessen Elissen Fritsma Gerbrands Graus Helder De Jong Van Klaveren Lucassen De Mos De Roon <Sharpe> Van Vliet
Socialist Party (15)	Roemer Bashir Van Bommel Van Dijk Van Gerven Gesthuizen Irrgang Jansen <Janssen> Karabulut Kooiman Leijten Van Raak Smits Ulenbelt De Wit
Democrats 66 (10)	Pechtold Berndsen Dijkstra Hachchi Van der Ham Koolmees Koşer Kaya Schouw Van Veldhoven Verhoeven
GroenLinks (10)	Sap <Van den Berge> Braakhuis Dibi El Fassed Van Gent Grashoff <Halsema> Klaver Peters Van Tongeren Voortman
Christian Union (5)	Slob Ortega <Rouvoet> Schouten Voordewind Wiegman
Reformed Political Party (2)	Van der Staaij Dijkgraaf
Party for the Animals (2)	Thieme <Hazekamp> Ouwehand
Independents (4)	Groep Kortenoeven/Hernandez Kortenoeven Hernandez Lid-Brinkman Brinkman Lid-Van Bemmel Van Bemmel
See also: Members of the House of Representatives, 2006–2010, Members of the House of Representatives, 2012–2017, Members of the Senate, 2011–2015

v t e Second Kok cabinet (1998–2002)
Preceded by: First Kok cabinet Succeeded by: First Balkenende cabinet
Prime Minister	Wim Kok (General Affairs)
Deputy Prime Ministers	Annemarie Jorritsma (Economic Affairs) Els Borst (Health, Welfare and Sport)
Ministers	Bram Peper (Interior and Kingdom Relations) (1998–2000) Roger van Boxtel (Interior and Kingdom Relations) (Ad interim) Klaas de Vries (Interior and Kingdom Relations) (from 2000) Jozias van Aartsen (Foreign Affairs) Gerrit Zalm (Finance) Benk Korthals (Justice) Frank de Grave (Defence) Klaas de Vries (Social Affairs and Employment) (1998–2000) Willem Vermeend (Social Affairs and Employment) (from 2000) Loek Hermans (Education, Culture and Science) Tineke Netelenbos (Transport and Water Management) Haijo Apotheker (Agriculture, Nature and Fisheries) (1998–1999) Klaas de Vries (Agriculture, Nature and Fisheries) (Ad interim) Laurens Jan Brinkhorst (Agriculture, Nature and Fisheries) (from 1999) Jan Pronk (Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment)
Ministers without portfolio	Roger van Boxtel (Integration and Urban Planning) Eveline Herfkens (Development Cooperation)
State Secretaries	Gijs de Vries (Interior and Kingdom Relations) Dick Benschop (Foreign Affairs) Willem Vermeend (Finance) (1998–2000) Wouter Bos (Finance) (from 2000) Job Cohen (Justice) (1998–2001) Ella Kalsbeek (Justice) (from 2001) Gerrit Ybema (Economic Affairs) Henk van Hoof (Defence) Margo Vliegenthart (Health, Welfare and Sport) Hans Hoogervorst (Social Affairs and Employment) Annelies Verstand (Social Affairs and Employment) Karin Adelmund (Education, Culture and Science) Rick van der Ploeg (Education, Culture and Science) Monique de Vries (Transport and Water Management) Geke Faber (Agriculture, Nature and Fisheries) Johan Remkes (Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment)

v t e Third Lubbers cabinet (1989–1994)
Preceded by: Second Lubbers cabinet Succeeded by: First Kok cabinet
Prime Minister	Ruud Lubbers (General Affairs)
Deputy Prime Minister	Wim Kok (Finance)
Ministers	Ien Dales (Interior) (1989–1994) (†) Ernst Hirsch Ballin (Interior) (Ad interim) Ed van Thijn (Interior) (1994) Dieuwke de Graaff-Nauta (Interior) (from 1994) Hans van den Broek (Foreign Affairs) (1989–1993) Pieter Kooijmans (Foreign Affairs) (from 1993) Ernst Hirsch Ballin (Justice) (1989–1994) Aad Kosto (Justice) (from 1994) Koos Andriessen (Economic Affairs) Relus ter Beek (Defence) Hedy d'Ancona (Welfare, Health and Culture) (1989–1994) Jo Ritzen (Welfare, Health and Culture) (Ad interim) Bert de Vries (Social Affairs and Employment) Jo Ritzen (Education and Sciences) Hanja Maij-Weggen (Transport and Water Management) (1989–1994) Koos Andriessen (Transport and Water Management) (Ad interim) Gerrit Braks (Agriculture, Nature and Fisheries) (1989–1990) Bert de Vries (Agriculture, Nature and Fisheries) (Ad interim) Piet Bukman (Agriculture, Nature and Fisheries) (from 1990) Hans Alders (Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment)
Ministers without portfolio	Ruud Lubbers (Netherlands Antilles and Aruba Affairs) (Ad interim) Ernst Hirsch Ballin (Netherlands Antilles and Aruba Affairs) (1989–1994) Ruud Lubbers (Netherlands Antilles and Aruba Affairs) (from 1994) Jan Pronk (Development Cooperation)
State Secretaries	Dieuwke de Graaff-Nauta (Interior) (1989–1994) Piet Dankert (Foreign Affairs) Marius van Amelsvoort (Finance) Aad Kosto (Justice) (1989–1994) Piet Bukman (Economic Affairs) (1989–1990) Yvonne van Rooy (Economic Affairs) (from 1990) Berend-Jan van Voorst tot Voorst (Defence) (1989–1993) Ton Frinking (Defence) (from 1993) Hans Simons (Welfare, Health and Culture) Elske ter Veld (Social Affairs and Employment) (1989–1993) Jacques Wallage (Social Affairs and Employment) (from 1993) Jacques Wallage (Education and Science) (1989–1993) Roel in 't Veld (Education and Science) (1993) Job Cohen (Education and Science) (from 1993) Dzsingisz Gabor (Agriculture, Nature and Fisheries) Enneüs Heerma (Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment)

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