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{{short description|Thai state-owned oil and gas company}}
{{short description|Thai state-owned oil and gas company}}
{{Missing information|the subject's history, especially the circumstances of its foundation and re-incorporation|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
| name = PTT Public Company Limited
| name = PTT Public Company Limited
| native_name = บริษัท ปตท. จำกัด (มหาชน)
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| logo = PTT Public Company logo.svg
| native_name_lang = th
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| logo_size = 130px
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| logo = PTT Public Company logo.svg
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| type = [[Public company|Public]]
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| logo_size = 130px
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| traded_as = {{SET|PTT}}
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| type = [[Public company|Public]]
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| foundation = {{Start date and age|1978|12|29|df=y}} (as Petroleum Authority of Thailand)
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| traded_as = {{SET|PTT}}
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| location = 555 Vibhavadi Rangsit Rd, [[Chatuchak District|Chatuchak]], [[Bangkok]], [[Thailand]]
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| foundation = {{Start date and age|1978|12|29|df=y}} (as Petroleum Authority of Thailand)
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| key_people = [[Chansin Treenuchagron]], President and [[CEO]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Executive|url=http://www.pttplc.com/en/About/Organization/Pages/executive.aspx|website=PTT|accessdate=4 August 2016}}</ref>
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| location = 555 Vibhavadi Rangsit Rd, [[Chatuchak District|Chatuchak]], [[Bangkok]], Thailand
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| industry = [[Oil and gas industry]]
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| key_people = [[Kongkrapan Intarajang]]<br />(President & [[CEO]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Executive|url=https://www.pttplc.com/en/About/Our-Organization/Executive/Dr_Kongkrapan_Intarajang_2.aspx}}</ref>
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| products = Oil, natural gas, petrochemical
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| industry = [[Oil and gas industry]]
| revenue = {{decrease}} [[Thai baht|THB]]1,737,145 million {{small|(2016)}}
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| products = {{hlist|Oil|natural gas|petrochemical}}
| net_income = {{increase}} THB94,609 million {{small|(2016)}}
| revenue = {{decrease}} [[US$]] 90.4 billion (2023)<ref name=Financials>{{cite web |title=PTT|url=https://fortune.com/company/ptt/ |website=Fortune GLobal 500 |publisher=Fortune |access-date=2024-08-24}}</ref>
| assets = {{increase}} THB2,232,331 million {{small|(2016)}}
| equity = {{increase}} THB762,948 million {{small|(2016)}}
| net_income = {{increase}} [[US$]] 3.2 billion (2023)<ref name=Financials />
| assets = [[US$]] 100.7 billion (2023)<ref name=Financials />
| operating_income =
| operating_income =
| num_employees = 4,616 (PTT)<br>24,680 (subsidiaries)
| num_employees = {{ubl|4,616 (PTT)|24,680 (subsidiaries)}}
| owner = Thailand Finance Ministry (51.1%)<ref name="PTT Share holders">{{cite web|title=Asia Nikkei: PTT|url=http://asia.nikkei.com/Company/05HWNP-E|work=Nikkei|accessdate=2016-08-03}}</ref>
| owner = [[Ministry of Finance (Thailand)|Ministry of Finance]] (51.1%)<ref name="PTT Share holders">{{cite web|title=Asia Nikkei: PTT|url=http://asia.nikkei.com/Company/05HWNP-E|work=Nikkei|access-date=2016-08-03}}</ref>
| subsid = [[PTT Exploration and Production]] <br> [[PTT Global Chemical Public Company Limited]] <br> [[Thai Oil]] <br> [[IRPC]] <br> [[Cove Energy plc]] <br> [[Global Power Synergy]] <br> [[PTT Philippines Corporation]]
| subsid = {{ubil|[[PTT Exploration and Production]]|[[PTT Global Chemical Public Company Limited]]|[[PTT Oil and Retail Business]]|[[Thai Oil]]|[[IRPC]]|[[Global Power Synergy]]|[[Dhipaya Insurance]]|[[PTT Philippines Corporation]]}}
| homepage = {{URL|http://www.pttplc.com}}
| parent = [[Ministry of Energy (Thailand)|Ministry of Energy]]
| homepage = {{Official URL}}
}}
}}


'''PTT Public Company Limited''' or simply '''PTT''' ({{lang-th|ปตท.}}) is a [[Thailand|Thai]] [[Government-owned corporation|state-owned]] [[Stock Exchange of Thailand|SET]]-listed [[oil]] and [[natural gas|gas]] company. Formerly known as the '''Petroleum Authority of Thailand''', it owns extensive submarine gas [[Pipeline transport|pipelines]] in the [[Gulf of Thailand]], a network of [[Liquefied petroleum gas|LPG]] terminals throughout the kingdom, and is involved in [[electricity generation]], [[petrochemicals|petrochemical products]], [[hydrocarbon exploration|oil and gas exploration and production]], and [[gasoline]] retailing businesses.<ref>[http://finance.google.com/finance?q=BAK%3APTT Google finance, PTT Public Company]</ref>
'''PTT Public Company Limited''' or simply '''PTT''' ({{langx|th|บริษัท ปตท. จำกัด (มหาชน)}}) is a Thai [[Government-owned corporation|state-owned]] [[Stock Exchange of Thailand|SET]]-listed [[oil]] and [[natural gas|gas]] company. Formerly known as the '''Petroleum Authority of Thailand''', it owns extensive submarine gas [[Pipeline transport|pipelines]] in the [[Gulf of Thailand]], a network of [[Liquefied petroleum gas|LPG]] terminals throughout the kingdom, and it is involved in [[electricity generation]], [[petrochemicals|petrochemical products]], [[hydrocarbon exploration|oil and gas exploration and production]], and [[gasoline]] retailing businesses.<ref>[http://finance.google.com/finance?q=BAK%3APTT Google finance, PTT Public Company]{{dead link|date=June 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> The company also owns [[Café Amazon]], a popular coffee chain throughout South East Asia, which shops are often located next to PTT gas stations or inside malls.


Affiliated companies include [[PTT Exploration and Production]], [[PTT Global Chemical]], PTT Asia Pacific Mining,<ref name="Robinson">{{cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/46adb5f0-f019-11e1-b7b2-00144feabdc0.html |title=PTT buys control of Sakari for S$1.2bn |last=Robinson|first=Gwen|date=August 27, 2012|work=[[Financial Times]]|accessdate=12 September 2012|location=Bangkok}}</ref> and [[PTT Green Energy]].
Affiliated companies include [[PTT Exploration and Production]], [[PTT Global Chemical]], PTT Asia Pacific Mining,<ref name="Robinson">{{cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/46adb5f0-f019-11e1-b7b2-00144feabdc0.html |title=PTT buys control of Sakari for S$1.2bn |last=Robinson|first=Gwen|date=August 27, 2012|work=[[Financial Times]]|access-date=12 September 2012|location=Bangkok}}</ref> and [[PTT Green Energy]].


On 15 December 2022, the world's largest institutional investor the [[Government Pension Fund of Norway|Norwegian Government Pension Fund Global]] divested from PTT and its subsidiary PTT Oil and Retail Business PCL (PTTOR) due to "unacceptable risk that the companies contribute to serious violations of individuals’ rights in situations of war or conflict".<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nbim.no/en/the-fund/news-list/2022/decisions-on-observation-and-exclusion4/ | title=Decisions on observation and exclusion | date=15 December 2022 }}</ref>
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PTT is the largest corporation in the country and also the only company from Thailand listed in [[Fortune Global 500|Fortune Global 500 companies]]. The company ranks 81st among top 500 on the [[Fortune 500]], and 180 on the Forbes 2000.<ref>{{cite news|title=PTT moves up on Fortune 500 |url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/business/news/359485/ptt-moves-up-on-fortune-500 |accessdate=18 June 2014|work=Bangkok Post|date=12 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The World 2000| url=https://www.forbes.com/global2000/list/#page:2_sort:0_direction:asc_search:_filter:All%20industries_filter:All%20countries_filter:All%20states|work=Forbes|accessdate=18 June 2014}}</ref> PTT was founded in 1978 (as Petroleum Authority of Thailand) as a state-owned enterprise, under [[Kriangsak Chamanan|Prime Minister General Kriangsak Chomanan]]'s government. It was formed by a coupling between Thai Fuel Organization (Thai: องค์การเชื้อเพลิง) under Defense Energy Department and Thai Natural Gas Organization (Thai: องค์การก๊าซธรรมชาติแห่งประเทศไทย) under [[Ministry of Industry (Thailand)|Ministry of Industry]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2521/A/152/1.PDF|title=Royal Thai Government Gazette Book 95, Chapter 152, 28 December 1978.|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2522/D/114/1.PDF|title=Royal Thai Government Gazette Book 96, Chapter 114, 15 July 1979|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>

==History==
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PTT is the largest corporation in the country and also the only company from Thailand listed in [[Fortune Global 500|Fortune Global 500 companies]]. The company ranks 81st among top 500 on the [[Fortune 500]], and 180 on the Forbes 2000.<ref>{{cite news|title=PTT moves up on Fortune 500 |url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/business/news/359485/ptt-moves-up-on-fortune-500 |access-date=18 June 2014|work=Bangkok Post|date=12 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The World 2000| url=https://www.forbes.com/global2000/list/#page:2_sort:0_direction:asc_search:_filter:All%20industries_filter:All%20countries_filter:All%20states|work=Forbes|access-date=18 June 2014}}</ref> PTT was founded in 1978 (as Petroleum Authority of Thailand) as a state-owned enterprise, under Prime Minister [[Kriangsak Chamanan]]'s government. It was formed by a coupling between Thai Fuel Organization (Thai: องค์การเชื้อเพลิง) under Defense Energy Department and Thai Natural Gas Organization (Thai: องค์การก๊าซธรรมชาติแห่งประเทศไทย) under [[Ministry of Industry (Thailand)|Ministry of Industry]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2521/A/152/1.PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318042247/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2521/A/152/1.PDF|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 18, 2015|title=Royal Thai Government Gazette Book 95, Chapter 152, 28 December 1978.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2522/D/114/1.PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190623104939/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2522/D/114/1.PDF|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 23, 2019|title=Royal Thai Government Gazette Book 96, Chapter 114, 15 July 1979}}</ref>


==Financials==
==Financials==
For 2016 PTT PCL reported revenues of 1,737,148 million baht, net income of 94,609 million baht, assets of 2,232,331 million baht, and total equity of 762,948 million baht.<ref name="SET-PTT2016">{{cite web|title=PTT: PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED; F/S & Highlights|url=https://www.set.or.th/set/companyhighlight.do?symbol=PTT&ssoPageId=5&language=en&country=US|website=The Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET)|accessdate=6 October 2017}}</ref>
For 2016 PTT PCL reported revenues of 1,737,148 million baht, net income of 94,609 million baht, assets of 2,232,331 million baht, and total equity of 762,948 million baht.<ref name="SET-PTT2016">{{cite web|title=PTT: PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED; F/S & Highlights|url=https://www.set.or.th/set/companyhighlight.do?symbol=PTT&ssoPageId=5&language=en&country=US|website=The Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET)|access-date=6 October 2017}}</ref>


PTT's 15 directors were compensated with 14.9 million baht in meeting allowances in 2016, plus 38.7 million baht in bonuses. The president and CEO's salary for the year was 30.6 million baht plus a 9.6 million baht bonus.<ref name="PTT-AR2016">{{cite book|title=Annual Report 2016 PTT Public Company Limited|date=2017|publisher=PTT PCL|url=http://ptt.listedcompany.com/misc/ar/20170405-ptt-ar2016-en.pdf|accessdate=6 October 2017}}</ref>{{RP|137-138}} The company in 2016 employed 4,616 (PTT)<ref name="PTT-AR2016" />{{RP|139}} and 24,680 at subsidiaries.<ref name="PTT-AR2016" />{{RP|140}} Total compensation for PTT employees in 2016, excluding top management, was 9,651 million baht.<ref name="PTT-AR2016" />{{RP|140}}
PTT's 15 directors were compensated with 14.9 million baht in meeting allowances in 2016, plus 38.7 million baht in bonuses. The president and CEO's salary for the year was 30.6 million baht plus a 9.6 million baht bonus.<ref name="PTT-AR2016">{{cite book|title=Annual Report 2016 PTT Public Company Limited|date=2017|publisher=PTT PCL|url=http://ptt.listedcompany.com/misc/ar/20170405-ptt-ar2016-en.pdf|access-date=6 October 2017}}</ref>{{RP|137-138}} The company in 2016 employed 4,616 (PTT)<ref name="PTT-AR2016" />{{RP|139}} and 24,680 at subsidiaries.<ref name="PTT-AR2016" />{{RP|140}} Total compensation for PTT employees in 2016, excluding top management, was 9,651 million baht.<ref name="PTT-AR2016" />{{RP|140}}


== Operations ==
== Operations ==
[[File:ตึก ปตท. - panoramio.jpg|thumb|PTT Headquarter at Bangkok]]
[[File:ตึก ปตท. - panoramio.jpg|thumb|PTT Headquarters at Bangkok]]
In 2012, PTT purchased the remaining 55 percent of [[Sakari Resources]], a [[Singapore]]an coal mine operator.<ref>{{Citation |last=Robinson |first=Gwen |date=27 Aug 2012 |title=PTT buys control of Sakari for S$1.2bn |publisher=The Financial Times |publication-place= |page= |url=https://www.ft.com/content/46adb5f0-f019-11e1-b7b2-00144feabdc0 |accessdate=26 Jun 2018 }}</ref>
In 2012, PTT purchased the remaining 55 percent of [[Sakari Resources]], a [[Singapore]]an coal mine operator.<ref>{{Citation |last=Robinson |first=Gwen |date=27 Aug 2012 |title=PTT buys control of Sakari for S$1.2bn |publisher=The Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/46adb5f0-f019-11e1-b7b2-00144feabdc0 |access-date=26 Jun 2018 }}</ref>


In 2012, PTT Exploration and Production (PTTEP) took over [[Cove Energy PLC]], which owned an 8.5 percent share in a huge natural-gas field offshore [[Mozambique]].<ref name=coveenergy>{{Cite news| title = Thailand to invest in Mozambique| publisher = Investvine.com| date = 2013-02-09| url= http://investvine.com/thailand-to-invest-in-mozambique| accessdate =2013-02-16}}
In 2012, PTT Exploration and Production (PTTEP) took over [[Cove Energy plc]], which owned an 8.5 percent share in a huge natural-gas field offshore [[Mozambique]].<ref name=coveenergy>{{Cite news| title = Thailand to invest in Mozambique| publisher = Investvine.com| date = 2013-02-09| url= http://investvine.com/thailand-to-invest-in-mozambique| access-date =2013-02-16}}
</ref>
</ref>


The company operates 58 retail stations in the [[Philippines]] and plans to add an additional 15-20 petrol stations in [[Luzon]] and the [[Visayas]], in [[Cebu Province]].
The company operates 58 retail stations in the [[Philippines]] and plans to add an additional 15-20 petrol stations in [[Luzon]] and the [[Visayas]], in [[Cebu Province]].<ref name=philex>
<ref name=philex>
{{Cite news
{{Cite news
| title = Thailand’s PTT expands in the Philippines
| title = Thailand's PTT expands in the Philippines
| publisher = Investvine.com
| publisher = Investvine.com
| date = 2013-02-17
| date = 2013-02-17
| url= http://investvine.com/thai-ptt-expands-in-the-philippines/
| url= http://investvine.com/thai-ptt-expands-in-the-philippines/
| accessdate =2013-02-21}}
| access-date =2013-02-21}}
</ref>
</ref>


PTT Public Company Limited and [[Pertamina]], [[Indonesia]]'s state-owned oil company, partnered to build a new [[petrochemical]] complex in [[Indonesia]] for an estimated cost of US$4–5 billion.<ref name=ref2013040106>
PTT Public Company Limited and [[Pertamina]], [[Indonesia]]'s state-owned oil company, partnered to build a new [[petrochemical]] complex in [[Indonesia]] for an estimated cost of US$4–5 billion.<ref name=ref2013040106>{{Cite news
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| title = Thailand's PTT delays Malaysia investment
{{Cite news
⚫
| title = Thailand’s PTT delays Malaysia investment
| publisher = Investvine.com
| publisher = Investvine.com
| date = 2013-04-01
| date = 2013-04-01
| url= http://investvine.com/thailands-ptt-delays-malaysia-investment/
| url = http://investvine.com/thailands-ptt-delays-malaysia-investment/
| accessdate =2013-04-06}}
| access-date = 2013-04-06
| archive-date = 2019-02-17
⚫
</ref>
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190217233356/http://investvine.com/thailands-ptt-delays-malaysia-investment/
| url-status = dead
⚫
}}</ref>


==Vencorex==
=== Vencorex ===
Vencorex is a [[joint venture]] between PTT Global Chemical and the [[Perstorp Group]], created in 2012, based in [[France]]'s [[Rhône-Alpes]] region. It is the owner of technology and a major manufacturer of [[isocyanates]], particularly toluene diisocyanate (TDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI, IPDI) and its derivatives.
Vencorex is a [[joint venture]] between PTT Global Chemical and the [[Perstorp Group]], created in 2012, based in [[France]]'s [[Rhône-Alpes]] region. It is the owner of technology and a major manufacturer of [[isocyanates]], particularly toluene diisocyanate (TDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI, IPDI) and its derivatives.


==Oil spills==
== Controversies ==
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The [[Montara oil spill|2009 Montara oil spill]], 250&nbsp;km off Australia's northwestern coast led to "Thousands of barrels of oil gushed into the ocean over a 10-week period following a blowout at PTTEP Australasia's West Atlas rig in the [[Timor Sea]]".<ref name=Slickexplanation>[http://bangkokpost.com/news/investigation/362925/no-slick-explanation-for-huge-ptt-oil-spill No slick explanation for huge PTT oil spill]</ref> The Australian unit of PTT Exploration and Production (PTTEP) "admitted to four charges" in the 2009 spill.<ref name="Slickexplanation"/>


=== Oil spills ===
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The [[Rayong oil spill|2013 Rayong oil spill]]<ref name="investvine">{{cite web|url=http://investvine.com/thai-oil-spill-romantic-island-is-disaster-zone-video/|title=Thai oil spill: Romantic island is 'disaster zone' (video) |first=Arno|last=Maierbrugger|work=Inside Investor|date=31 July 2013|accessdate=31 July 2013}}</ref> started on the night of 28 July 2013. An oil leak (from a pipeline) 35 kilometers from [[Ko Samet]]'s [[Ao Phrao]] Beach, resulted in the beach being closed and its tourists evacuated after [[spillage]] reached the beach.<ref name="investvine"/><ref>[http://bangkokpost.com/news/local/362045/work-gangs-battle-to-clean-oil-slick-from-beach-at-popular-koh-samet-island-in-rayong Popular island beach closed by oil slick]</ref> The crude oil spill had occurred 20&nbsp;km off Thailand's mainland, "when a floating hose transferring oil from a tanker to a PTT refinery pipeline broke sending 50,000 litres of oil spewing into the coastal waters".<ref name="Slickexplanation"/> On 7 August 2013 media said that the [[Department of Special Investigation]] had seized an oil supply line, suspected of being faulty.<ref name=Seized>{{cite news|title=DSI points to human error as spill cause|url=http://bangkokpost.com/news/local/363371/dsi-points-to-human-error-as-spill-cause|newspaper=Bangkok Post|date=2013-08-07}}</ref>
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The [[Montara oil spill|2009 Montara oil spill]], {{Convert|250|km}} off Australia's northwestern coast led to "thousands of barrels of oil gushed into the ocean over a 10-week period following a blowout at PTTEP Australasia's West Atlas rig in the [[Timor Sea]]".<ref name=Slickexplanation>{{Cite web |url=http://bangkokpost.com/news/investigation/362925/no-slick-explanation-for-huge-ptt-oil-spill |title=No slick explanation for huge PTT oil spill |access-date=2013-08-07 |archive-date=2013-08-04 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130804202145/http://bangkokpost.com/news/investigation/362925/no-slick-explanation-for-huge-ptt-oil-spill |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Australian unit of PTT Exploration and Production (PTTEP) "admitted to four charges" in the 2009 spill.<ref name="Slickexplanation"/>


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The [[Rayong oil spill|2013 Rayong oil spill]]<ref name="investvine">{{cite web|url=http://investvine.com/thai-oil-spill-romantic-island-is-disaster-zone-video/|title=Thai oil spill: Romantic island is 'disaster zone' (video)|first=Arno|last=Maierbrugger|work=Inside Investor|date=31 July 2013|access-date=31 July 2013|archive-date=12 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812182622/http://investvine.com/thai-oil-spill-romantic-island-is-disaster-zone-video/|url-status=dead}}</ref> started on the night of 28 July 2013. An oil leak (from a pipeline) {{Convert|35|km}} from [[Ko Samet]]'s [[Ao Phrao]] Beach, resulted in the beach being closed and its tourists evacuated after [[spillage]] reached the beach.<ref name="investvine"/><ref>[http://bangkokpost.com/news/local/362045/work-gangs-battle-to-clean-oil-slick-from-beach-at-popular-koh-samet-island-in-rayong Popular island beach closed by oil slick]{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The crude oil spill had occurred {{Convert|20|km}} off Thailand's mainland, "when a floating hose transferring oil from a tanker to a PTT refinery pipeline broke sending 50,000 litres of oil spewing into the coastal waters".<ref name="Slickexplanation"/> On 7 August 2013 media said that the [[Department of Special Investigation]] had seized an oil supply line, suspected of being faulty.<ref name=Seized>{{cite news|title=DSI points to human error as spill cause|url=http://bangkokpost.com/news/local/363371/dsi-points-to-human-error-as-spill-cause|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130807110115/http://bangkokpost.com/news/local/363371/dsi-points-to-human-error-as-spill-cause|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-08-07|newspaper=Bangkok Post|date=2013-08-07}}</ref>
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==Green energy==
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In November 1993 former [[Prime Minister of Thailand]] [[Anand Panyarachun]] established the Thailand Business Council for [[Sustainable Development]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tei.or.th/%5C/tbcsd/about_tbcsd/index.html |title=TBCSD |work=Thailand Business Council for Sustainable Development |accessdate=2014-11-29}}</ref> In 2010, PTT President and CEO [[Prasert Bunsumpun]] announced that PTT would expand into producing more [[renewable energy]].<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/home/2010/04/16/business/PTT-turns-to-renewable-energy-30127284.html |title=PTT turns to renewable energy |work=The Nation | date=2010-04-16 | last=VIBOONCHART | first=NALIN |accessdate=2014-11-29}}</ref>


=== Myanmar military ===
⚫
PTT has many subsidiaries, including PTTGC, TOP, BCP, and PTTEP, all of which are working towards producing more environmentally friendly energy.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pttplc.com/en/Pages/home.aspx |title=Home |work=PTT Group |accessdate=2014-11-29}}</ref> In 2014, [[Bangchak Petroleum]] completed its Sunny Bangchak project, a 38-[[megawatt]] [[silicon]] [[Photovoltaics|photovoltaic]] [[power plant]], the largest of its kind in Southeast Asia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bangchak.co.th/en/sustainable-clean-energy.aspx |title=Bangchak Petroleum PLC |work=Greenergy Excellence Business |accessdate=2014-11-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Suntech, Bangchak Turn On Southeast Asia's Largest Solar Plant |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/suntech-bangchak-turn-on-southeast-asias-largest-solar-plant-in-thailand-171286411.html |location= |publisher=PRNewswir |agency= |date=2012-09-26 |accessdate=2014-11-30}}</ref> In September 2014, [[Thai Oil Public Company Limited]] (TOP), another PTT subsidiary, was recognized as a leader in business sustainability by the [[Dow Jones Sustainability Index]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sustainability-indices.com/review/industry-group-leaders-2014.jsp |title=Industry Group Leaders 2014 |work=Dow Jones Sustainability Indices In Collaboration with RobecoSAM |accessdate=2014-11-29}}</ref> Thai Oil (TOP) has proven to be an environmentally friendly company, with no reported violations of environmental laws.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sustainability-indices.com/images/Industry_Group_Leader_DJSI2014_Thai-Oil-PCL.pdf |title=Industry Group Leader Report, THai Oil PCL |work=RobecoSAM Sustainability Investing |accessdate=2014-11-29}}</ref>
PTT, as Myanmar's largest corporate investor, has made significant investments in Myanmar's offshore gas, importing all of natural gas from three of Myanmar's four offshore projects.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Demand PTT: Stop Bankrolling the Myanmar Military |url=https://actionnetwork.org/petitions/demand-ptt-stop-bankrolling-the-myanmar-military |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=Action Network |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Three Reasons the U.S. Fails to Act as the Fossil Fuel Industry Bankrolls Mass Atrocities in Myanmar |url=https://earthrights.org/blog/three-reasons-the-u-s-fails-to-act-as-the-fossil-fuel-industry-bankrolls-mass-atrocities-in-myanmar/ |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=EarthRights International |language=en-US}}</ref> PTT pays {{US$|500 million}} per year to the state-owned [[Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise]] (MOGE), directly benefiting the military junta, the [[State Administration Council]] since the [[2021 Myanmar coup d'état]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2021-05-25 |title=Myanmar: Thai State-Owned Company Funds Junta |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/05/25/myanmar-thai-state-owned-company-funds-junta |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Thailand has reportedly lobbied against U.S. sanctions on MOGE, which is the largest source of foreign currency for the Burmese regime.<ref name=":0" /> In December 2022, the [[Government Pension Fund of Norway]] divested from its equity stake in PTT and its subsidiary, PTT Oil and Retail Business, due to its human rights concerns regarding PTT's partnership with the Burmese military.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |title=Norwegian fund dumps PTT over rights concerns |language=en |work=Bangkok Post |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2462135/norwegian-fund-dumps-ptt-over-rights-concerns |access-date=2023-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |title=PTT sets out stance on Myanmar after fund exit |language=en |work=Bangkok Post |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2467232/ptt-sets-out-stance-on-myanmar-after-fund-exit |access-date=2023-03-27}}</ref>

PTT also operates a joint venture with the military-owned [[Myanmar Economic Corporation]] (MEC), paying rent to MEC to operate a fuel terminal in [[Thilawa Port]], on land seized from farmers.<ref name=":1" /> [[Human Rights Watch]] and other NGOs have called for PTT to end its business investments with Myanmar's military enterprises.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

⚫
=== Rolls-Royce bribery case ===
⚫
In an action by the [[US Department of Justice]] (DOJ) against aircraft engine-maker Rolls-Royce,<ref>{{cite web |title=UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. ROLLS-ROYCE PLC |url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/927226/download |access-date=1 March 2017 |website=US Department of Justice}}</ref>{{RP|4, 6, 9-12}} the DOJ claimed that Rolls-Royce had paid more than US$11 million in commissions to win a deal with [[Thai Airways]], aware that some of the funds would be used to bribe officials at PTT and its subsidiary, PTT Exploration and Production (PTTEP). The payments were made from 2003-2013 and related to contracts for equipment and after-market products and services.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Peel |first1=Michael |last2=Uraisin |first2=Panvadee |date=2017-01-24 |title=Rolls-Royce scandal puts Thailand military rulers under spotlight |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/fb10ac48-e1ee-11e6-8405-9e5580d6e5fb |access-date=1 March 2017}}</ref> Admitting its guilt, Rolls-Royce paid US$170 million to settle the case.<ref>{{cite news |date=2017-01-17 |title=Rolls-Royce plc Agrees to Pay $170 Million Criminal Penalty to Resolve Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Case |publisher=Department of Justice, Office of Public Affairs |type=Press release |url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/rolls-royce-plc-agrees-pay-170-million-criminal-penalty-resolve-foreign-corrupt-practices-act |access-date=1 March 2017}}</ref> PTT vowed to investigate. Subsequently, PTT Chairman and CEO Tevin Vongvanich said that the company was unable to find anyone who "allegedly took bribes".<ref name="BP-20170228">{{cite news |date=28 February 2017 |title=Failing the graft battle |work=Bangkok Post |department=Editorial |url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/1206245/failing-the-graft-battle |access-date=1 March 2017}}</ref>

⚫
==Green energy==
⚫
In November 1993 former [[Prime Minister of Thailand]] [[Anand Panyarachun]] established the Thailand Business Council for [[Sustainable Development]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tei.or.th/%5C/tbcsd/about_tbcsd/index.html |title=TBCSD |work=Thailand Business Council for Sustainable Development |access-date=2014-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020160502/http://www.tei.or.th/tbcsd/about_tbcsd/index.html |archive-date=2014-10-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2010, PTT President and CEO [[Prasert Bunsumpun]] announced that PTT would expand into producing more [[renewable energy]].<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/home/2010/04/16/business/PTT-turns-to-renewable-energy-30127284.html |title=PTT turns to renewable energy |work=The Nation | date=2010-04-16 | last=VIBOONCHART | first=NALIN |access-date=2014-11-29}}</ref>


⚫
PTT has many subsidiaries, including PTTGC, TOP, BCP, and PTTEP, all of which are working towards producing more environmentally friendly energy.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pttplc.com/en/Pages/home.aspx |title=Home |work=PTT Group |access-date=2014-11-29}}</ref> In 2014, [[Bangchak Petroleum]] completed its Sunny Bangchak project, a 38-[[megawatt]] [[silicon]] [[Photovoltaics|photovoltaic]] [[power plant]], the largest of its kind in Southeast Asia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bangchak.co.th/en/sustainable-clean-energy.aspx |title=Bangchak Petroleum PLC |work=Greenergy Excellence Business |access-date=2014-11-29 |archive-date=2014-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141126081916/http://www.bangchak.co.th/en/sustainable-clean-energy.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Suntech, Bangchak Turn On Southeast Asia's Largest Solar Plant |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/suntech-bangchak-turn-on-southeast-asias-largest-solar-plant-in-thailand-171286411.html |publisher=PRNewswir |date=2012-09-26 |access-date=2014-11-30}}</ref> In September 2014, [[Thai Oil Public Company Limited]] (TOP), another PTT subsidiary, was recognized as a leader in business sustainability by the [[Dow Jones Sustainability Index]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sustainability-indices.com/review/industry-group-leaders-2014.jsp |title=Industry Group Leaders 2014 |work=Dow Jones Sustainability Indices In Collaboration with RobecoSAM |access-date=2014-11-29}}</ref> Thai Oil (TOP) has proven to be an environmentally friendly company, with no reported violations of environmental laws.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sustainability-indices.com/images/Industry_Group_Leader_DJSI2014_Thai-Oil-PCL.pdf |title=Industry Group Leader Report, THai Oil PCL |work=RobecoSAM Sustainability Investing |access-date=2014-11-29}}</ref>
⚫
The company also produces and distributes [[ethanol]] from [[sugarcane]] through various channels like Maesod Clean Energy, Sapthip, and Ubon Bio Ethanol.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thaioilgroup.com/en/business-structure/index.php |title=Thaioil Public Company Limited |publisher=Thaioil Group Business Structure |accessdate=2014-11-29}}</ref> In August 2014, PTT Global Chemical (PTTGC) along with Diary Home and [[NatureWorks]], announced their eco-friendly Ingeo [[bioplastics]] yoghurt cup.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/business/Green-chemicals-make-major-inroads-into-local-mark-30241818.html |title='Green chemicals' make major inroads into local market |work=The Nation | date=2014-08-31 | last=Changsorn | first=Pichaya |accessdate=2014-11-29}}</ref> PTTGC seeks to become a major player in bio-based chemicals.<ref>{{cite press release |author= |title=Thai PTTGC Plans $11 Billion Capex by 2020 |url=http://www.chemanager-online.com/en/news-opinions/headlines/thai-pttgc-plans-11-billion-capex-2020|publisher=Chemanager Online |agency= |date=2012-05-17 |accessdate=2014-11-30}}</ref>


⚫
The company also produces and distributes [[ethanol]] from [[sugarcane]] through various channels like Maesod Clean Energy, Sapthip, and Ubon Bio Ethanol.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thaioilgroup.com/en/business-structure/index.php |title=Thaioil Public Company Limited |publisher=Thaioil Group Business Structure |access-date=2014-11-29}}</ref> In August 2014, PTT Global Chemical (PTTGC) along with Diary Home and [[NatureWorks]], announced their eco-friendly Ingeo [[bioplastics]] yoghurt cup.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/business/Green-chemicals-make-major-inroads-into-local-mark-30241818.html |title='Green chemicals' make major inroads into local market |work=The Nation | date=2014-08-31 | last=Changsorn | first=Pichaya |access-date=2014-11-29}}</ref> PTTGC seeks to become a major player in bio-based chemicals.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Thai PTTGC Plans $11 Billion Capex by 2020 |url=http://www.chemanager-online.com/en/news-opinions/headlines/thai-pttgc-plans-11-billion-capex-2020|publisher=Chemanager Online |date=2012-05-17 |access-date=2014-11-30}}</ref>
⚫
==Rolls-Royce bribery case==
⚫
In an action by the [[US Department of Justice]] (DOJ) against aircraft engine-maker Rolls-Royce,<ref>{{cite web|title=UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. ROLLS-ROYCE PLC|url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/927226/download|website=US Department of Justice|accessdate=1 March 2017}}</ref>{{RP|4, 6, 9-12}} the DOJ claimed that Rolls Royce had paid more than US$11 million in commissions to win a deal with [[Thai Airways]], aware that some of the funds would be used to bribe officials at PTT and its subsidiary, PTT Exploration and Production (PTTEP). The payments were made from 2003-2013 and related to contracts for equipment and after-market products and services.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Peel|first1=Michael |last2=Uraisin|first2=Panvadee| title=Rolls-Royce scandal puts Thailand military rulers under spotlight|url=https://www.ft.com/content/fb10ac48-e1ee-11e6-8405-9e5580d6e5fb|accessdate=1 March 2017|work=Financial Times|date=2017-01-24}}</ref> Admitting its guilt, Rolls-Royce paid US$170 million to settle the case.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rolls-Royce plc Agrees to Pay $170 Million Criminal Penalty to Resolve Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Case|url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/rolls-royce-plc-agrees-pay-170-million-criminal-penalty-resolve-foreign-corrupt-practices-act|accessdate=1 March 2017|publisher=Department of Justice, Office of Public Affairs|date=2017-01-17|format=Press Release}}</ref> PTT vowed to investigate. Subsequently, PTT Chairman and CEO Tevin Vongvanich said that the company was unable to find anyone who "allegedly took bribes".<ref name=BP-20170228>{{cite news|title=Failing the graft battle|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/1206245/failing-the-graft-battle|accessdate=1 March 2017|work=Bangkok Post|date=28 February 2017|format=Editorial}}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
Line 86: Line 100:
* [http://www.pttplc.com/en/ PTT Public Company Limited]
* [http://www.pttplc.com/en/ PTT Public Company Limited]
* [https://www.academia.edu/12410380/History_of_the_Petroleum_Oil_Industry_in_Thailand_from_1946_to_1978_An_Overview A History of the Petroleum Oil Industry in Thailand from 1946 to 1978]
* [https://www.academia.edu/12410380/History_of_the_Petroleum_Oil_Industry_in_Thailand_from_1946_to_1978_An_Overview A History of the Petroleum Oil Industry in Thailand from 1946 to 1978]
* [https://fuelpricesthailand.com/ PTT Public Company Limited have always offered the lowest consumers price per liter in Thailand]
* [https://fuelpricesthailand.com/ PTT Public Company Limited have always offered the lowest consumers price per liter in Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421170235/https://fuelpricesthailand.com/ |date=2019-04-21 }}
* [https://www.pttbluecard.com/ PTT Blue Card for consumers offering discounts and vouchers]
* [https://www.pttbluecard.com/ PTT Blue Card for consumers offering discounts and vouchers]


{{Philippine Oil Companies}}
{{Philippine Oil Companies}}
{{FAT sponsors}}
{{SET Index 50}}
{{authority control}}


[[Category:1978 establishments in Thailand]]
[[Category:1978 establishments in Thailand]]
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[[Category:Companies based in Bangkok]]
[[Category:Companies based in Bangkok]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand]]
[[Category:Companies in the SET50]]
[[Category:Energy companies established in 1978]]
[[Category:Energy companies established in 1978]]
[[Category:Government-owned companies of Thailand]]
[[Category:Government-owned companies of Thailand]]
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[[Category:PTT group]]
[[Category:PTT group]]
[[Category:Thai brands]]
[[Category:Thai brands]]
[[Category:National oil and gas companies|Thailand]]

Latest revision as of 07:47, 30 November 2024

PTT Public Company Limited
Native name
บริษัท ปตท. จำกัด (มหาชน)
Company typePublic
SET: PTT
IndustryOil and gas industry
Founded29 December 1978; 46 years ago (1978-12-29) (as Petroleum Authority of Thailand)
Headquarters555 Vibhavadi Rangsit Rd, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand
Key people
Kongkrapan Intarajang
(President & CEO)[1]
Products
  • Oil
  • natural gas
  • petrochemical
RevenueDecrease US$ 90.4 billion (2023)[2]
Increase US$ 3.2 billion (2023)[2]
Total assetsUS$ 100.7 billion (2023)[2]
OwnerMinistry of Finance (51.1%)[3]
Number of employees
  • 4,616 (PTT)
  • 24,680 (subsidiaries)
ParentMinistry of Energy
Subsidiaries
Websitewww.pttplc.com Edit this at Wikidata

PTT Public Company Limited or simply PTT (Thai: บริษัท ปตท. จำกัด (มหาชน)) is a Thai state-owned SET-listed oil and gas company. Formerly known as the Petroleum Authority of Thailand, it owns extensive submarine gas pipelines in the Gulf of Thailand, a network of LPG terminals throughout the kingdom, and it is involved in electricity generation, petrochemical products, oil and gas exploration and production, and gasoline retailing businesses.[4] The company also owns Café Amazon, a popular coffee chain throughout South East Asia, which shops are often located next to PTT gas stations or inside malls.

Affiliated companies include PTT Exploration and Production, PTT Global Chemical, PTT Asia Pacific Mining,[5] and PTT Green Energy.

On 15 December 2022, the world's largest institutional investor the Norwegian Government Pension Fund Global divested from PTT and its subsidiary PTT Oil and Retail Business PCL (PTTOR) due to "unacceptable risk that the companies contribute to serious violations of individuals’ rights in situations of war or conflict".[6]

History

[edit]

PTT is the largest corporation in the country and also the only company from Thailand listed in Fortune Global 500 companies. The company ranks 81st among top 500 on the Fortune 500, and 180 on the Forbes 2000.[7][8] PTT was founded in 1978 (as Petroleum Authority of Thailand) as a state-owned enterprise, under Prime Minister Kriangsak Chamanan's government. It was formed by a coupling between Thai Fuel Organization (Thai: องค์การเชื้อเพลิง) under Defense Energy Department and Thai Natural Gas Organization (Thai: องค์การก๊าซธรรมชาติแห่งประเทศไทย) under Ministry of Industry.[9][10]

Financials

[edit]

For 2016 PTT PCL reported revenues of 1,737,148 million baht, net income of 94,609 million baht, assets of 2,232,331 million baht, and total equity of 762,948 million baht.[11]

PTT's 15 directors were compensated with 14.9 million baht in meeting allowances in 2016, plus 38.7 million baht in bonuses. The president and CEO's salary for the year was 30.6 million baht plus a 9.6 million baht bonus.[12]: 137–138  The company in 2016 employed 4,616 (PTT)[12]: 139  and 24,680 at subsidiaries.[12]: 140  Total compensation for PTT employees in 2016, excluding top management, was 9,651 million baht.[12]: 140 

Operations

[edit]
PTT Headquarters at Bangkok

In 2012, PTT purchased the remaining 55 percent of Sakari Resources, a Singaporean coal mine operator.[13]

In 2012, PTT Exploration and Production (PTTEP) took over Cove Energy plc, which owned an 8.5 percent share in a huge natural-gas field offshore Mozambique.[14]

The company operates 58 retail stations in the Philippines and plans to add an additional 15-20 petrol stations in Luzon and the Visayas, in Cebu Province.[15]

PTT Public Company Limited and Pertamina, Indonesia's state-owned oil company, partnered to build a new petrochemical complex in Indonesia for an estimated cost of US$4–5 billion.[16]

Vencorex

[edit]

Vencorex is a joint venture between PTT Global Chemical and the Perstorp Group, created in 2012, based in France's Rhône-Alpes region. It is the owner of technology and a major manufacturer of isocyanates, particularly toluene diisocyanate (TDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI, IPDI) and its derivatives.

Controversies

[edit]

Oil spills

[edit]

The 2009 Montara oil spill, 250 kilometres (160 mi) off Australia's northwestern coast led to "thousands of barrels of oil gushed into the ocean over a 10-week period following a blowout at PTTEP Australasia's West Atlas rig in the Timor Sea".[17] The Australian unit of PTT Exploration and Production (PTTEP) "admitted to four charges" in the 2009 spill.[17]

The 2013 Rayong oil spill[18] started on the night of 28 July 2013. An oil leak (from a pipeline) 35 kilometres (22 mi) from Ko Samet's Ao Phrao Beach, resulted in the beach being closed and its tourists evacuated after spillage reached the beach.[18][19] The crude oil spill had occurred 20 kilometres (12 mi) off Thailand's mainland, "when a floating hose transferring oil from a tanker to a PTT refinery pipeline broke sending 50,000 litres of oil spewing into the coastal waters".[17] On 7 August 2013 media said that the Department of Special Investigation had seized an oil supply line, suspected of being faulty.[20]

Myanmar military

[edit]

PTT, as Myanmar's largest corporate investor, has made significant investments in Myanmar's offshore gas, importing all of natural gas from three of Myanmar's four offshore projects.[21][22] PTT pays US$500 million per year to the state-owned Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise (MOGE), directly benefiting the military junta, the State Administration Council since the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état.[23][22] Thailand has reportedly lobbied against U.S. sanctions on MOGE, which is the largest source of foreign currency for the Burmese regime.[22] In December 2022, the Government Pension Fund of Norway divested from its equity stake in PTT and its subsidiary, PTT Oil and Retail Business, due to its human rights concerns regarding PTT's partnership with the Burmese military.[24][25]

PTT also operates a joint venture with the military-owned Myanmar Economic Corporation (MEC), paying rent to MEC to operate a fuel terminal in Thilawa Port, on land seized from farmers.[23] Human Rights Watch and other NGOs have called for PTT to end its business investments with Myanmar's military enterprises.[23][22]

Rolls-Royce bribery case

[edit]

In an action by the US Department of Justice (DOJ) against aircraft engine-maker Rolls-Royce,[26]: 4, 6, 9–12  the DOJ claimed that Rolls-Royce had paid more than US$11 million in commissions to win a deal with Thai Airways, aware that some of the funds would be used to bribe officials at PTT and its subsidiary, PTT Exploration and Production (PTTEP). The payments were made from 2003-2013 and related to contracts for equipment and after-market products and services.[27] Admitting its guilt, Rolls-Royce paid US$170 million to settle the case.[28] PTT vowed to investigate. Subsequently, PTT Chairman and CEO Tevin Vongvanich said that the company was unable to find anyone who "allegedly took bribes".[29]

Green energy

[edit]

In November 1993 former Prime Minister of Thailand Anand Panyarachun established the Thailand Business Council for Sustainable Development.[30] In 2010, PTT President and CEO Prasert Bunsumpun announced that PTT would expand into producing more renewable energy.[31]

PTT has many subsidiaries, including PTTGC, TOP, BCP, and PTTEP, all of which are working towards producing more environmentally friendly energy.[32] In 2014, Bangchak Petroleum completed its Sunny Bangchak project, a 38-megawatt silicon photovoltaic power plant, the largest of its kind in Southeast Asia.[33][34] In September 2014, Thai Oil Public Company Limited (TOP), another PTT subsidiary, was recognized as a leader in business sustainability by the Dow Jones Sustainability Index.[35] Thai Oil (TOP) has proven to be an environmentally friendly company, with no reported violations of environmental laws.[36]

The company also produces and distributes ethanol from sugarcane through various channels like Maesod Clean Energy, Sapthip, and Ubon Bio Ethanol.[37] In August 2014, PTT Global Chemical (PTTGC) along with Diary Home and NatureWorks, announced their eco-friendly Ingeo bioplastics yoghurt cup.[38] PTTGC seeks to become a major player in bio-based chemicals.[39]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Executive".
  2. ^ a b c "PTT". Fortune GLobal 500. Fortune. Retrieved 2024-08-24.
  3. ^ "Asia Nikkei: PTT". Nikkei. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
  4. ^ Google finance, PTT Public Company[dead link‍]
  5. ^ Robinson, Gwen (August 27, 2012). "PTT buys control of Sakari for S$1.2bn". Financial Times. Bangkok. Retrieved 12 September 2012.
  6. ^ "Decisions on observation and exclusion". 15 December 2022.
  7. ^ "PTT moves up on Fortune 500". Bangkok Post. 12 July 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
  8. ^ "The World 2000". Forbes. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
  9. ^ "Royal Thai Government Gazette Book 95, Chapter 152, 28 December 1978" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 18, 2015.
  10. ^ "Royal Thai Government Gazette Book 96, Chapter 114, 15 July 1979" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 23, 2019.
  11. ^ "PTT: PTT PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED; F/S & Highlights". The Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET). Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  12. ^ a b c d Annual Report 2016 PTT Public Company Limited (PDF). PTT PCL. 2017. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  13. ^ Robinson, Gwen (27 Aug 2012), PTT buys control of Sakari for S$1.2bn, The Financial Times, retrieved 26 Jun 2018
  14. ^ "Thailand to invest in Mozambique". Investvine.com. 2013-02-09. Retrieved 2013-02-16.
  15. ^ "Thailand's PTT expands in the Philippines". Investvine.com. 2013-02-17. Retrieved 2013-02-21.
  16. ^ "Thailand's PTT delays Malaysia investment". Investvine.com. 2013-04-01. Archived from the original on 2019-02-17. Retrieved 2013-04-06.
  17. ^ a b c "No slick explanation for huge PTT oil spill". Archived from the original on 2013-08-04. Retrieved 2013-08-07.
  18. ^ a b Maierbrugger, Arno (31 July 2013). "Thai oil spill: Romantic island is 'disaster zone' (video)". Inside Investor. Archived from the original on 12 August 2018. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
  19. ^ Popular island beach closed by oil slick[permanent dead link‍]
  20. ^ "DSI points to human error as spill cause". Bangkok Post. 2013-08-07. Archived from the original on 2013-08-07.
  21. ^ "Demand PTT: Stop Bankrolling the Myanmar Military". Action Network. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
  22. ^ a b c d "Three Reasons the U.S. Fails to Act as the Fossil Fuel Industry Bankrolls Mass Atrocities in Myanmar". EarthRights International. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
  23. ^ a b c "Myanmar: Thai State-Owned Company Funds Junta". Human Rights Watch. 2021-05-25. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
  24. ^ "Norwegian fund dumps PTT over rights concerns". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
  25. ^ "PTT sets out stance on Myanmar after fund exit". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
  26. ^ "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. ROLLS-ROYCE PLC". US Department of Justice. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
  27. ^ Peel, Michael; Uraisin, Panvadee (2017-01-24). "Rolls-Royce scandal puts Thailand military rulers under spotlight". Financial Times. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
  28. ^ "Rolls-Royce plc Agrees to Pay $170 Million Criminal Penalty to Resolve Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Case" (Press release). Department of Justice, Office of Public Affairs. 2017-01-17. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
  29. ^ "Failing the graft battle". Editorial. Bangkok Post. 28 February 2017. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
  30. ^ "TBCSD". Thailand Business Council for Sustainable Development. Archived from the original on 2014-10-20. Retrieved 2014-11-29.
  31. ^ VIBOONCHART, NALIN (2010-04-16). "PTT turns to renewable energy". The Nation (Press release). Retrieved 2014-11-29.
  32. ^ "Home". PTT Group. Retrieved 2014-11-29.
  33. ^ "Bangchak Petroleum PLC". Greenergy Excellence Business. Archived from the original on 2014-11-26. Retrieved 2014-11-29.
  34. ^ "Suntech, Bangchak Turn On Southeast Asia's Largest Solar Plant" (Press release). PRNewswir. 2012-09-26. Retrieved 2014-11-30.
  35. ^ "Industry Group Leaders 2014". Dow Jones Sustainability Indices In Collaboration with RobecoSAM. Retrieved 2014-11-29.
  36. ^ "Industry Group Leader Report, THai Oil PCL" (PDF). RobecoSAM Sustainability Investing. Retrieved 2014-11-29.
  37. ^ "Thaioil Public Company Limited". Thaioil Group Business Structure. Retrieved 2014-11-29.
  38. ^ Changsorn, Pichaya (2014-08-31). "'Green chemicals' make major inroads into local market". The Nation (Press release). Retrieved 2014-11-29.
  39. ^ "Thai PTTGC Plans $11 Billion Capex by 2020" (Press release). Chemanager Online. 2012-05-17. Retrieved 2014-11-30.
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