Junkers D.I: Difference between revisions

J 7 and J 9 (D.I)
	Junkers D.I survivor at Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace
Role	Fighter
National origin	Germany
Manufacturer	Junkers
Designer	Hugo Junkers
First flight	17 September 1917
Introduction	1918
Status	retired
Primary user	Imperial German Navy
Produced	1918
Number built	41

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The Junkers D.I (factory designation J 9) was a monoplane fighter aircraft produced in Germany late in World War I, significant for becoming the first all-metal fighter to enter service. The prototype, a private venture by Junkers named the J 7, first flew on 17 September 1917, going through nearly a half-dozen detail changes in its design during its tests.^[1] When it was demonstrated to the Idflieg early the following year it proved impressive enough to result in an order for three additional aircraft for trials. The changes made by Junkers were significant enough for the firm to rename the next example the J 9, which was supplied to the Idflieg instead of the three J 7s ordered.

During tests, the J 9 lacked the manoeuvrability necessary for a front-line fighter but was judged fit for a naval fighter and a batch of 12 was ordered. These were supplied to a naval unit by September 1918, which then moved to the Eastern Front after the Armistice.

Variants

J 7: company designation for early prototype variants, one built (three completed as J 9s).
J 9: company designation for late prototypes and production models
J 9/II: company designation for lengthened fuselage version
D.I: Idflieg designation

Surviving aircraft

One example survives and is on display in the Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace, at the Paris–Le Bourget Airport, 11km north of Paris, France. Several copies have been built, including one on display at the Militärhistorisches Museum Flugplatz Berlin-Gatow.

Specifications

Data from Holmes, 2005. p 32

General characteristics

Crew: One pilot
Length: 7.25 m (23 ft 9.4 in)
Wingspan: 9.00 m (29 ft 6.3 in)
Height: 2.60 m (8 ft 6 in)
Empty weight: 654 kg (1,438 lb)
Gross weight: 834 kg (1,834 lb)
Powerplant: 1 × BMW IIIa water-cooled 6-cylinder inline , 138 kW (185 hp)

Performance

Maximum speed: 176 km/h (109 mph, 95 kn) ^[2]
Endurance: 1.5 hours^[3]
Service ceiling: 6,000 m (19,700 ft)
Rate of climb: 3.5 m/s (683 ft/min) ^[3]

Armament

2 × fixed, forward-firing Spandau machine guns

References

Citations

^ Grosz and Terry 1984, p.67.
^ Grosz, 1992, p.35
^ ^a ^b Kay, 2004, p.28

Bibliography

Grosz, Peter & Terry, Gerard (1984). "The Way to the World's First All-Metal Fighter". Air Enthusiast. Vol. 25, no. Aug-Nov 1984. pp. 60–76. ISSN 0143-5450.
Grosz, P.M. (1992). Junkers D.I. Windsock Datafile 33. Hertfordshire, UK: Albatros Publications. ISBN 978-0948414-41-1.
Holmes, Tony (2005). Jane's Vintage Aircraft Recognition Guide. London: Harper Collins. ISBN 0007192924.
Kay, Anthony L. (2004). Junkers Aircraft and Engines 1913-1945. London: Putnam. ISBN 0-85177-985-9.
Owers, Colin A. (2018). Junkers Aircraft of WWI: Volume 2: Junkers J.5–J.11: A Centennial Perspective on Great War Airplanes. Great War Aviation Centennial Series. Vol. 31. n.p.: Aeronaut Books. ISBN 978-1-935881-66-7.

External links

[Grosz_metal_p67-1] Grosz and Terry 1984, p.67.

[Grosz-2] Grosz, 1992, p.35

[Kay-3] Kay, 2004, p.28

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Expand German|topic=transp|Junkers D.I|date=June 2019}}
-__NOTOC__
 <!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
 {|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
  |name=J 7 and J 9 (D.I)
- |image= Junkers J9 Front.jpg
+ |image= File:Junkers D.I (MAE).JPG
- |caption=Junkers J 9 modern reproduction,<br>in Luftwaffenmuseum Berlin Gatow.
+ |caption=Junkers D.I survivor at [[Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace]]
 }}{{Infobox Aircraft Type
  |type=[[Fighter aircraft|Fighter]]
  |national origin=[[Germany]]
  |manufacturer=[[Junkers]]
- |designer=
+ |designer=[[Hugo Junkers]]
- |first flight=17 September {{Avyear|1917}}
+ |first flight=17 September 1917
- |introduced=
+ |introduced=1918
  |retired=
- |status=
+ |status=retired
  |primary user=[[Imperial German Navy]]
  |more users=
- |produced=
+ |produced=1918
  |number built=41
  |variants with their own articles=
 }}
 |}
+[[File:Junkers J 7 - Ray Wagner Collection Image (20818567523).jpg|right|thumb|The Junkers J 7,  prototype of the J 9 / D.I]]
+The '''Junkers D.I''' (factory designation '''J 9''') was a [[monoplane]] [[fighter aircraft]] produced in [[Germany]] late in [[World War I]], significant for becoming the first all-metal fighter to enter service. The [[prototype]], a private venture by Junkers named the '''J 7''', first flew on 17 September 1917, going through nearly a half-dozen detail changes in its design during its tests.<ref name="Grosz metal p67">Grosz and Terry 1984, p.67.</ref> When it was demonstrated to the ''[[Idflieg]]'' early the following year it proved impressive enough to result in an order for three additional aircraft for trials. The changes made by Junkers were significant enough for the firm to rename the next example the '''J 9''', which was supplied to the ''Idflieg'' instead of the three J 7s ordered.
+[[File:Junkers D.I German First World War all-metal fighter.jpg|thumb|Lengthened-fuselage and extended wingspan Junkers D.I (J.9/II) undergoing evaluation]]
+During tests, the J 9 lacked the manoeuvrability necessary for a front-line fighter but was judged fit for a naval fighter and a batch of 12 was ordered. These were supplied to a naval unit by September 1918, which then moved to the [[Eastern Front (World War I)|Eastern Front]] after the Armistice.
+==Variants==
-The '''Junkers D.I''' (factory designation '''J 9''') was a [[fighter aircraft]] produced in [[Germany]] late in [[World War I]], significant for becoming the first all-metal fighter to enter service. The [[prototype]], a private venture by Junkers designated the '''J 7''', first flew on 17 September 1917.<ref name="Grosz metal p67"> Grosz and Terry 1984, p.67.</ref> Demonstrated to the ''[[Idflieg]]'' early the following year, it proved impressive enough to result in an order for three additional aircraft for trials. However, the changes made by Junkers were significant enough for the firm to redesignate the next example the '''J 9''', which was supplied to the ''Idflieg'' instead of the three J 7s ordered.
+;J 7 :company designation for early prototype variants, one built (three completed as J 9s).
+;J 9 : company designation for late prototypes and production models
+;J 9/II : company designation for lengthened fuselage version
+;D.I : Idflieg designation
+==Surviving aircraft==
-During tests, the J 9 was felt to lack the maneuverability necessary for a front-line fighter, but was judged fit for a naval fighter, and a batch of 12 was ordered. These were to have been supplied to a naval unit by September 1918, but instead equipped the same unit redeployed to the [[Eastern Front (World War I)|Eastern Front]] after the Armistice.
-One survives in the [[Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace]], outside [[Paris]], [[France]].
+One example survives and is on display in the [[Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace]], at the [[Paris–Le Bourget Airport]], 11km north of [[Paris]], [[France]]. Several copies have been built, including one on display at the [[Militärhistorisches Museum Flugplatz Berlin-Gatow]].
-<!-- ==Development== -->
-<!-- ==Operational history== -->
-<!-- ==Variants== -->
-<!-- ==Units using this aircraft/Operators (choose)== -->
 ==Specifications==
+[[File:Junkers D.I 3-view L'Aerophile March,1921.png|thumb|Junkers D.I 3-view drawing from L'Aerophile March,1921]]
-{{Aerospecs
+{{Aircraft specs
 |ref=Holmes, 2005. p 32
-|met or eng?=met
+|prime units? = met
 |crew=One pilot
-|capacity=
 |length m=7.25
 |length ft=23
@@ Line 46: / Line 50: @@
 |height ft=8
 |height in=6
-|wing area sqm=
-|wing area sqft=
 |empty weight kg=654
 |empty weight lb=1,438
@@ Line 53: / Line 55: @@
 |gross weight lb=1,834
 |eng1 number=1
-|eng1 type= [[BMW III]]a water-cooled 6-cylinder inline
+|eng1 name= [[BMW III]]a water-cooled 6-cylinder inline
 |eng1 kw=138
 |eng1 hp=185
+|max speed kmh=176
-|eng2 number=
+|max speed note=<ref name=Grosz>Grosz, 1992, p.35</ref>|max speed mph=109
-|eng2 type=
+|endurance=1.5 hours<ref name=Kay>Kay, 2004, p.28</ref>
-|eng2 kw=<!-- prop engines -->
-|eng2 hp=<!-- prop engines -->
-|max speed kmh=225<ref name ="Kay">Kay, Anthony L. ''Junkers Aircraft  and engines 1913-1945'' p. 28 (2004). London: Putnam Aeronautical Books ISBN 0-85177-985-9</ref>
-|max speed mph=140
-|cruise speed kmh=<!-- if max speed unknown -->
-|cruise speed mph=<!-- if max speed unknown -->
-|range km=
-|range miles=
-|endurance h=1.5<ref name="Kay"/>
-|endurance min=<!-- if range unknown -->
 |ceiling m=6,000
 |ceiling ft=19,700
-|climb rate ms=3.5<ref name="Kay"/>
+|climb rate ms=3.5
-|climb rate ftmin=683
+|climb rate note=<ref name=Kay/>|climb rate ftmin=683
-|armament1=2 × fixed, forward-firing Spandau LMG [[machine gun]]s
+|armament = *2 × fixed, forward-firing [[Spandau machine gun]]s
-|armament2=
-|armament3=
-|armament4=
-|armament5=
-|armament6=
 }}
-<!-- ==See also== -->
+==See also==
 {{Aircontent
 <!-- include as many lines are appropriate. additional lines/entries with carriage return. -->
 |see also=
 |related=<!-- related developments -->
+* [[Junkers J.I]]
+* [[Junkers CL.I]]
 |similar aircraft=<!-- similar or comparable aircraft -->
+* [[Fokker V.25]]
+* [[Zeppelin-Lindau D.I]]
 |lists=<!-- related lists -->
 }}
 ==References==
+===Citations===
 {{reflist}}
+===Bibliography===
-* {{cite journal | last =Grosz | first = Peter | authorlink = | coauthors =Terry, Gerard | year = 1984| month = | title = The Way to the World's First All-Metal Fighter| journal = [[Air Enthusiast]]| volume = 25| issue = August - November 1984| pages = Pages 60–76| id = ISSN 0143-5450| url = | accessdate = | quote = }}
+* {{cite magazine|last1=Grosz|first1=Peter|last2=Terry|first2=Gerard|year=1984|title=The Way to the World's First All-Metal Fighter|journal=Air Enthusiast |volume=25 |issue=Aug-Nov 1984|pages=60–76|issn=0143-5450|name-list-style=amp}}
-* {{cite book |last= Holmes |first= Tony |title=Jane's Vintage Aircraft Recognition Guide |year=2005 |publisher=Harper Collins |location=London |isbn = 0-00-719292-4 |pages= }}
-* {{cite book |last= Taylor |first= Michael J. H. |title=Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation |year=1989 |publisher=Studio Editions |location=London |pages=536 }}
+* {{cite book|last=Grosz|first=P.M.|title=Junkers D.I|series=Windsock Datafile 33|publisher=Albatros Publications|location=Hertfordshire, UK|year=1992 |isbn=978-0948414-41-1}}
-* {{cite book |title=World Aircraft Information Files |publisher=Bright Star Publishing|location=London |pages=File 898 Sheet 1 }}
+* {{cite book|last=Holmes|first=Tony|title=Jane's Vintage Aircraft Recognition Guide|year=2005|publisher=Harper Collins|location=London|isbn=0007192924}}
+* {{cite book|last=Kay|first=Anthony L.|title=Junkers Aircraft and Engines 1913-1945|publisher=Putnam|location=London|year=2004|isbn=0-85177-985-9}}
+* {{cite book |last1=Owers |first1=Colin A. |title=Junkers Aircraft of WWI: Volume 2: Junkers J.5–J.11: A Centennial Perspective on Great War Airplanes |date=2018 |isbn=978-1-935881-66-7 |publisher=Aeronaut Books |location=n.p. |series=Great War Aviation Centennial Series|volume=31}}
+==Further reading==
+* {{cite book |last = Zuerl |first = Walter |title = Deutsche Flugzeug Konstrukteure |location = München, Germany |publisher = Curt Pechstein Verlag |year = 1941 }}
 ==External links==
+{{commons category|Junkers D.I}}
-* [http://www.usaww1.com/Fokker_DVII.php4 Fokker D.VII, Halberstadt CL.IV and Junkers D.I]
+* [http://www.usaww1.com/Fokker_DVII.php4 Fokker D.VII, Halberstadt CL.IV and Junkers D.I] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301065438/http://www.usaww1.com/Fokker_DVII.php4 |date=2012-03-01 }}
 * [http://www.wwi-models.org/Photos/Ger/Junk_DI Junkers D.I at Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace, Le Bourget]
-{{World War I Aircraft of the Central Powers}}
 {{Junkers aircraft}}
 {{Idflieg D-class designations}}
+{{World War I Aircraft of the Central Powers}}
-{{Aviation lists}}
-[[Category:German fighter aircraft 1910–1919]]
+[[Category:1910s German fighter aircraft]]
 [[Category:Junkers aircraft|D.I]]
+[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
+[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1917]]

v t e Junkers aircraft
Company designations	J 1 J 2 J 3 J 4 J 5 J 6 J 7 J 8 J 9 J 10 J 11 J 12 F 13 J 15 K 16 K 17 J 18 T 19 A 20 H 21 / J 21 / T 21 J 22 T 23 G 23 F 24 / G 24 A 25 T 26 T 27 J 28 T 29 K 30 G 31 A 32 W 33 W 34 A 35 S 36 K 37 G 38 K 39 K 47 A 48 J 49 A 50 K 51 K 53 K 85
Company EF designations (experimental aircraft)	EF 29 EF 31 EF 52 EF 61 EF 72 EF 73 EF 74 EF 77 EF 94 EF 126 EF 127 EF 128 EF 130 EF 131 EF 132 EF 140 EF 150
Idflieg designations	CL.I CLS.I D.I E.I E.I (2) J.I
RLM designations	Ju 46 Ju 49 Ju 52 Ju 60 Ju 85 Ju 86 Ju 87 Ju 88 Ju 89 Ju 90 Ju 160 Ju 187 Ju 188 Ju 248 Ju 252 Ju 268 Ju 287 Ju 288 Ju 290 Ju 322 Ju 352 Ju 388 Ju 390 Ju 452 Ju 488 Ju 635

v t e World War I aircraft of the Central Powers
Fighters	AEG D.I AEG Dr.I Albatros D.I Albatros D.II Albatros D.III Albatros D.V Aviatik D.I Aviatik C.VI Daimler L.6 Euler D.I Euler D.II Fokker D.I Fokker D.II Fokker D.III Fokker D.IV Fokker D.V Fokker D.VI Fokker D.VII Fokker D.VIII Fokker Dr.I Fokker E.I Fokker E.II Fokker E.III Fokker E.IV Fokker E.V Halberstadt D.II Hannover CL.II Hannover CL.III Hannover CL.IV Hannover CL.V Hansa-Brandenburg W.12 Hansa-Brandenburg W.29 Junkers D.I Kondor D.6 Kondor E.III Naglo D.II Pfalz D.III Pfalz D.XII Pfalz Dr.I Pfalz E.I Pfalz E.II Phönix D.I LFG Roland D.II LFG Roland D.VI Siemens-Schuckert D.I Siemens-Schuckert D.II Siemens-Schuckert D.III Siemens-Schuckert D.IV Zeppelin-Lindau D.I
Bombers and ground attack	AEG DJ.I AEG G.I AEG G.II AEG G.III AEG G.IV AEG G.V AEG J.I AEG J.II AEG R.I Friedrichshafen G.II Friedrichshafen G.III Gotha G.I Gotha G.II Gotha G.III Gotha G.IV Gotha G.V Gotha GL.VII Gotha G.IX Hannover CL.II Junkers CL.I Junkers J.I Rumpler G.I Rumpler G.II Rumpler G.III Siemens-Schuckert L.I Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.II Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.III Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.IV Zeppelin-Staaken R.VI
Reconnaissance	AEG B.I AEG B.II AEG B.III AEG C.I AEG C.II AEG C.III AEG C.IV AEG C.V AEG C.VI AEG C.VII AEG C.VIII AGO C.I AGO C.II AGO C.III AGO C.IV AGO C.VII AGO C.VIII Albatros B.I Albatros B.II Albatros C.I Albatros C.III Albatros C.V Albatros C.VII Albatros C.IX Albatros C.X Albatros C.XII Aviatik B.I Aviatik B.II Aviatik C.I Aviatik C.VI DFW C.V LFG Roland C.II LVG B.I LVG C.II Rumpler C.I Rumpler C.IV Rumpler Taube
Trainers	Euler D.I
Prototypes	Albatros C.II Fokker V.1 Fokker V.2 Junkers J 1 Junkers J 2 Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.I