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{{Expand German|topic=transp|Junkers D.I|date=June 2019}}
__NOTOC__
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
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|manufacturer=[[Junkers]]
|manufacturer=[[Junkers]]
|designer=[[Hugo Junkers]]
|designer=[[Hugo Junkers]]
|first flight=17 September {{Avyear|1917}}
|first flight=17 September 1917
|introduced=1918
|introduced=1918
|retired=
|retired=
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}}
}}
|}
|}
[[File:Junkers J 7 - Ray Wagner Collection Image (20818567523).jpg|right|thumb|The Junkers J 7, prototype of the J 9 / D.I]]

The '''Junkers D.I''' (factory designation '''J 9''') was a [[monoplane]] [[fighter aircraft]] produced in [[Germany]] late in [[World War I]], significant for becoming the first all-metal fighter to enter service. The [[prototype]], a private venture by Junkers designated the '''J 7''', first flew on 17 September 1917,<ref name="Grosz metal p67">Grosz and Terry 1984, p.67.</ref> going through nearly a half-dozen detail changes in its design during its tests. When it was demonstrated to the ''[[Idflieg]]'' early the following year it proved impressive enough to result in an order for three additional aircraft for trials. However, the changes made by Junkers were significant enough for the firm to redesignate the next example the '''J 9''', which was supplied to the ''Idflieg'' instead of the three J 7s ordered.
The '''Junkers D.I''' (factory designation '''J 9''') was a [[monoplane]] [[fighter aircraft]] produced in [[Germany]] late in [[World War I]], significant for becoming the first all-metal fighter to enter service. The [[prototype]], a private venture by Junkers named the '''J 7''', first flew on 17 September 1917, going through nearly a half-dozen detail changes in its design during its tests.<ref name="Grosz metal p67">Grosz and Terry 1984, p.67.</ref> When it was demonstrated to the ''[[Idflieg]]'' early the following year it proved impressive enough to result in an order for three additional aircraft for trials. The changes made by Junkers were significant enough for the firm to rename the next example the '''J 9''', which was supplied to the ''Idflieg'' instead of the three J 7s ordered.
[[File:Junkers D.I German First World War all-metal fighter.jpg|thumb|Lengthened-fuselage and extended wingspan Junkers D.I (J.9/II) undergoing evaluation]]
[[File:Junkers D.I German First World War all-metal fighter.jpg|thumb|Lengthened-fuselage and extended wingspan Junkers D.I (J.9/II) undergoing evaluation]]
During tests, the J 9 lacked the maneuverability necessary for a front-line fighter, but was judged fit for a naval fighter, and a batch of 12 was ordered. These were supplied to a naval unit by September 1918, which then redeployed to the [[Eastern Front (World War I)|Eastern Front]] after the Armistice.
During tests, the J 9 lacked the manoeuvrability necessary for a front-line fighter but was judged fit for a naval fighter and a batch of 12 was ordered. These were supplied to a naval unit by September 1918, which then moved to the [[Eastern Front (World War I)|Eastern Front]] after the Armistice.
<!-- ==Development== -->
<!-- ==Operational history== -->


==Variants==
==Variants==
*J 7 - company designation for early prototype variants
;J 7 :company designation for early prototype variants, one built (three completed as J 9s).
*J 9 - company designation for late prototypes and production models
;J 9 : company designation for late prototypes and production models
*J 9/II - company designation for lengthened fuselage version
;J 9/II : company designation for lengthened fuselage version
*D.I - Idflieg designation
;D.I : Idflieg designation


==Surviving aircraft==
<!-- ==Operators== -->
⚫
One example survives and is on display in the [[Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace]], at the [[Paris–Le Bourget Airport]], 11km north of [[Paris]], [[France]]. Several copies have been built, including one on display at the [[Militärhistorisches Museum Flugplatz Berlin-Gatow]].
==Survivors==
⚫
One example survives and is on display in the [[Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace]], at the [[Paris–Le Bourget Airport]], 11km north of [[Paris]], [[France]]. Several replicas have been built, including one on display at the Luftwaffenmuseum Berlin-Gatow.


==Specifications==
==Specifications==
[[File:Junkers D.I 3-view L'Aerophile March,1921.png|thumb|Junkers D.I 3-view drawing from L'Aerophile March,1921]]
{{Aerospecs
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Holmes, 2005. p 32
|ref=Holmes, 2005. p 32
|met or eng?=met
|prime units? = met
|crew=One pilot
|crew=One pilot
|capacity=
|length m=7.25
|length m=7.25
|length ft=23
|length ft=23
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|height ft=8
|height ft=8
|height in=6
|height in=6
|wing area sqm=
|wing area sqft=
|empty weight kg=654
|empty weight kg=654
|empty weight lb=1,438
|empty weight lb=1,438
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|gross weight lb=1,834
|gross weight lb=1,834
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 type= [[BMW III]]a water-cooled 6-cylinder inline
|eng1 name= [[BMW III]]a water-cooled 6-cylinder inline
|eng1 kw=138
|eng1 kw=138
|eng1 hp=185
|eng1 hp=185
|max speed kmh=176<ref name=Grosz>Grosz, 1992, p.35</ref>
|max speed kmh=176
|max speed note=<ref name=Grosz>Grosz, 1992, p.35</ref>|max speed mph=109
⚫
|endurance=1.5 hours<ref name=Kay>Kay, 2004, p.28</ref>
|max speed mph=109
|cruise speed kmh=<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|cruise speed mph=<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|range km=
|range miles=
⚫
|endurance h=1.5<ref name=Kay>Kay, 2004, p.28</ref>
|endurance min=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=6,000
|ceiling m=6,000
|ceiling ft=19,700
|ceiling ft=19,700
|climb rate ms=3.5<ref name=Kay/>
|climb rate ms=3.5
|climb rate ftmin=683
|climb rate note=<ref name=Kay/>|climb rate ftmin=683
|armament1=2 × fixed, forward-firing [[Spandau machine gun]]s
|armament = *2 × fixed, forward-firing [[Spandau machine gun]]s
}}
}}


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|see also=
|see also=
|related=<!-- related developments -->
|related=<!-- related developments -->
*[[Junkers J.I]]
* [[Junkers J.I]]
*[[Junkers CL.I]]
* [[Junkers CL.I]]
|similar aircraft=<!-- similar or comparable aircraft -->
|similar aircraft=<!-- similar or comparable aircraft -->
*[[Fokker V.25]]
* [[Fokker V.25]]
*[[Zeppelin-Lindau D.I]]
* [[Zeppelin-Lindau D.I]]
|lists=<!-- related lists -->
|lists=<!-- related lists -->
}}
}}
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===Bibliography===
===Bibliography===
*{{cite magazine|last=Grosz|first=Peter|author2=Terry, Gerard|year=1984|title=The Way to the World's First All-Metal Fighter|journal=[[Air Enthusiast]]|volume=25|issue=Aug-Nov 1984|pages=60–76|issn=0143-5450}}
* {{cite magazine|last1=Grosz|first1=Peter|last2=Terry|first2=Gerard|year=1984|title=The Way to the World's First All-Metal Fighter|journal=Air Enthusiast |volume=25 |issue=Aug-Nov 1984|pages=60–76|issn=0143-5450|name-list-style=amp}}
*{{cite book|last=Grosz|first=P.M.|title=Junkers D.I|series=Windsock Datafile 33|publisher=Albatros Publications|location=Hertfordshire, UK|year=1992|isbn=978-0948414411}}
* {{cite book|last=Grosz|first=P.M.|title=Junkers D.I|series=Windsock Datafile 33|publisher=Albatros Publications|location=Hertfordshire, UK|year=1992 |isbn=978-0948414-41-1}}
*{{cite book|last=Holmes|first=Tony|title=Jane's Vintage Aircraft Recognition Guide|year=2005|publisher=Harper Collins|location=London|isbn=0007192924}}
* {{cite book|last=Holmes|first=Tony|title=Jane's Vintage Aircraft Recognition Guide|year=2005|publisher=Harper Collins|location=London|isbn=0007192924}}
*{{cite book|last=Kay|first=Anthony L.|title=Junkers Aircraft and engines 1913-1945|publisher=Putnam|location=London|year=2004|isbn=0-85177-985-9}}
* {{cite book|last=Kay|first=Anthony L.|title=Junkers Aircraft and Engines 1913-1945|publisher=Putnam|location=London|year=2004|isbn=0-85177-985-9}}
*{{cite book |last= Taylor |first= Michael J. H. |title=Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation |year=1989 |publisher=Studio Editions |location=London |pages=536 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Owers |first1=Colin A. |title=Junkers Aircraft of WWI: Volume 2: Junkers J.5–J.11: A Centennial Perspective on Great War Airplanes |date=2018 |isbn=978-1-935881-66-7 |publisher=Aeronaut Books |location=n.p. |series=Great War Aviation Centennial Series|volume=31}}
==Further reading==
*{{cite book |title=World Aircraft Information Files |publisher=Bright Star Publishing|location=London |pages=File 898 Sheet 1 }}
* {{cite book |last = Zuerl |first = Walter |title = Deutsche Flugzeug Konstrukteure |location = München, Germany |publisher = Curt Pechstein Verlag |year = 1941 }}


==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category|Junkers D.I}}
{{commons category|Junkers D.I}}
*[http://www.usaww1.com/Fokker_DVII.php4 Fokker D.VII, Halberstadt CL.IV and Junkers D.I]
* [http://www.usaww1.com/Fokker_DVII.php4 Fokker D.VII, Halberstadt CL.IV and Junkers D.I] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301065438/http://www.usaww1.com/Fokker_DVII.php4 |date=2012-03-01 }}
*[http://www.wwi-models.org/Photos/Ger/Junk_DI Junkers D.I at Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace, Le Bourget]
* [http://www.wwi-models.org/Photos/Ger/Junk_DI Junkers D.I at Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace, Le Bourget]


⚫
{{World War I Aircraft of the Central Powers}}
{{Junkers aircraft}}
{{Junkers aircraft}}
{{Idflieg D-class designations}}
{{Idflieg D-class designations}}
⚫
{{World War I Aircraft of the Central Powers}}


[[Category:German fighter aircraft 1910–1919]]
[[Category:1910s German fighter aircraft]]
[[Category:Junkers aircraft|D.I]]
[[Category:Junkers aircraft|D.I]]
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1917]]

Latest revision as of 16:03, 30 November 2024

J 7 and J 9 (D.I)
Junkers D.I survivor at Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace
Role Fighter
National origin Germany
Manufacturer Junkers
Designer Hugo Junkers
First flight 17 September 1917
Introduction 1918
Status retired
Primary user Imperial German Navy
Produced 1918
Number built 41
The Junkers J 7, prototype of the J 9 / D.I

The Junkers D.I (factory designation J 9) was a monoplane fighter aircraft produced in Germany late in World War I, significant for becoming the first all-metal fighter to enter service. The prototype, a private venture by Junkers named the J 7, first flew on 17 September 1917, going through nearly a half-dozen detail changes in its design during its tests.[1] When it was demonstrated to the Idflieg early the following year it proved impressive enough to result in an order for three additional aircraft for trials. The changes made by Junkers were significant enough for the firm to rename the next example the J 9, which was supplied to the Idflieg instead of the three J 7s ordered.

Lengthened-fuselage and extended wingspan Junkers D.I (J.9/II) undergoing evaluation

During tests, the J 9 lacked the manoeuvrability necessary for a front-line fighter but was judged fit for a naval fighter and a batch of 12 was ordered. These were supplied to a naval unit by September 1918, which then moved to the Eastern Front after the Armistice.

Variants

[edit]
J 7
company designation for early prototype variants, one built (three completed as J 9s).
J 9
company designation for late prototypes and production models
J 9/II
company designation for lengthened fuselage version
D.I
Idflieg designation

Surviving aircraft

[edit]

One example survives and is on display in the Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace, at the Paris–Le Bourget Airport, 11km north of Paris, France. Several copies have been built, including one on display at the Militärhistorisches Museum Flugplatz Berlin-Gatow.

Specifications

[edit]
Junkers D.I 3-view drawing from L'Aerophile March,1921

Data from Holmes, 2005. p 32

General characteristics

  • Crew: One pilot
  • Length: 7.25 m (23 ft 9.4 in)
  • Wingspan: 9.00 m (29 ft 6.3 in)
  • Height: 2.60 m (8 ft 6 in)
  • Empty weight: 654 kg (1,438 lb)
  • Gross weight: 834 kg (1,834 lb)
  • Powerplant: 1 × BMW IIIa water-cooled 6-cylinder inline , 138 kW (185 hp)

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 176 km/h (109 mph, 95 kn) [2]
  • Endurance: 1.5 hours[3]
  • Service ceiling: 6,000 m (19,700 ft)
  • Rate of climb: 3.5 m/s (683 ft/min) [3]

Armament

See also

[edit]

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

References

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ Grosz and Terry 1984, p.67.
  2. ^ Grosz, 1992, p.35
  3. ^ a b Kay, 2004, p.28

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Grosz, Peter & Terry, Gerard (1984). "The Way to the World's First All-Metal Fighter". Air Enthusiast. Vol. 25, no. Aug-Nov 1984. pp. 60–76. ISSN 0143-5450.
  • Grosz, P.M. (1992). Junkers D.I. Windsock Datafile 33. Hertfordshire, UK: Albatros Publications. ISBN 978-0948414-41-1.
  • Holmes, Tony (2005). Jane's Vintage Aircraft Recognition Guide. London: Harper Collins. ISBN 0007192924.
  • Kay, Anthony L. (2004). Junkers Aircraft and Engines 1913-1945. London: Putnam. ISBN 0-85177-985-9.
  • Owers, Colin A. (2018). Junkers Aircraft of WWI: Volume 2: Junkers J.5–J.11: A Centennial Perspective on Great War Airplanes. Great War Aviation Centennial Series. Vol. 31. n.p.: Aeronaut Books. ISBN 978-1-935881-66-7.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Zuerl, Walter (1941). Deutsche Flugzeug Konstrukteure. München, Germany: Curt Pechstein Verlag.
[edit]
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