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In 1771, the forces of the [[Maratha Confederacy]] led by [[Mahadaji Shinde]] captured Delhi from the [[Rohillas]] and brought back the [[Mughal emperor]] [[Shah Alam II]] to Delhi from exile in Oudh.{{Cn|date=December 2023}} The Marathas captured Delhi from [[Zabita Khan|Zabita Khan Rohilla]] who was put in charge by the Afghans.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stewart Gordon |url=http://archive.org/details/the-marathas-1600-1818-cambridge-history-of-india-vol.-2-part-4 |title=New Cambridge History of India: The Marathas (Vol. 2, Part 4) |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2003 |isbn=9781139055666 |edition=2nd |location=Cambridge}}</ref>{{qn|date=December 2023}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Ghosh |first=D. K. Ed |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.149767 |title=A Comprehensive History Of India Vol. 9 |pages=535}}</ref> |
In 1771, the forces of the [[Maratha Confederacy]] led by [[Mahadaji Shinde]] captured Delhi from the [[Rohillas]] and brought back the [[Mughal emperor]] [[Shah Alam II]] to Delhi from exile in Oudh.{{Cn|date=December 2023}} The Marathas captured Delhi from [[Zabita Khan|Zabita Khan Rohilla]] who was put in charge by the Afghans.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stewart Gordon |url=http://archive.org/details/the-marathas-1600-1818-cambridge-history-of-india-vol.-2-part-4 |title=New Cambridge History of India: The Marathas (Vol. 2, Part 4) |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2003 |isbn=9781139055666 |edition=2nd |location=Cambridge}}</ref>{{qn|date=December 2023}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Ghosh |first=D. K. Ed |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.149767 |title=A Comprehensive History Of India Vol. 9 |pages=535}}</ref> |
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After taking control of Delhi, the Marathas sent a large army in 1772 to punish Afghan [[Rohilla|Rohillas]] for their involvement in Panipat and slaughtered thousands of Rohillas. They desecrated the grave of Rohilla chieftan [[Najib ad-Dawlah|Najib ad-Dawla]] and captured [[Najibabad]].<ref>{{cite book|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=uPq640stHJ0C|page=8}} |title=The Great Maratha: Mahadaji Scindia |first=N. G. |last=Rathod }}</ref> With the fleeing of the Rohillas, the rest of the country was burnt, with the exception of the city of Amroha, which was defended by some thousands of [[Amrohi Syed|Amrohi Sayyid]] tribes. The Rohillas who could offer no resistance fled to the [[Terai|Terai region]]. |
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In the Third Battle of Panipat, the Maratha Confederacy suffered a serious blow at the hands of the [[Afghan Empire]], the [[Nawab of Awadh]] and the [[Kingdom of Rohilkhand]] under [[Najib ad-Dawlah]]. After the death of Peshwa [[Balaji Bajirao]], [[Madhavrao I]] became the [[Peshwa]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Majumdar |first=Ramesh Chandra |title=The Maratha Supremacy |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhaban |year=1991 |edition=2nd |location=Mumbai |pages=201}}</ref> under the regency of [[Raghunathrao]]. [[Mahadji Shinde]]'s victory over the [[Jats]] of [[Mathura]], [[Rajputs]] of [[Rajasthan]] and [[Pashtuns]]-Rohillas of [[Rohilkhand]] (in the western part of present-day [[Uttar Pradesh]] state) re-established Maratha influence in the region.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Gaurav |first1=Sarthak |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KnbAEAAAQBAJ |title=Accidental Gamblers: Risk and Vulnerability in Vidarbha Cotton |last2=Ranganathan |first2=Thiagu |date=2023-01-31 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-009-27659-7 |pages=26 |language=en}}</ref> |
In the Third Battle of Panipat, the Maratha Confederacy suffered a serious blow at the hands of the [[Afghan Empire]], the [[Nawab of Awadh]] and the [[Kingdom of Rohilkhand]] under [[Najib ad-Dawlah]]. After the death of Peshwa [[Balaji Bajirao]], [[Madhavrao I]] became the [[Peshwa]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Majumdar |first=Ramesh Chandra |title=The Maratha Supremacy |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhaban |year=1991 |edition=2nd |location=Mumbai |pages=201}}</ref> under the regency of [[Raghunathrao]]. [[Mahadji Shinde]]'s victory over the [[Jats]] of [[Mathura]], [[Rajputs]] of [[Rajasthan]] and [[Pashtuns]]-Rohillas of [[Rohilkhand]] (in the western part of present-day [[Uttar Pradesh]] state) re-established Maratha influence in the region.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Gaurav |first1=Sarthak |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KnbAEAAAQBAJ |title=Accidental Gamblers: Risk and Vulnerability in Vidarbha Cotton |last2=Ranganathan |first2=Thiagu |date=2023-01-31 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-009-27659-7 |pages=26 |language=en}}</ref> |
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== Capture == |
== Capture == |
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The [[Madhavrao I|Peshwa's]] instructions ended the passive policy and advocated for a strong stance against the [[Rohillas]]. [[Visaji Krushna Biniwale|Visaji Krishna]] demanded nazar from [[Zabita Khan]], who refused and was expelled from the camp. The Maratha army marched to [[Delhi]], where Saif-i-uddin Muhammad Khan secured the peaceful surrender of the city. However, [[Zabita Khan]]'s troops inside the fort refused to submit, leading to a breach in the ramparts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghosh |first=D. K. Ed |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.149767 |title=A Comprehensive History Of India Vol. 9 |pages=535}}</ref> The [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] entered [[Delhi]] on February 10, 1771, with a force of 3,000 horses.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rathod |first=N. G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uPq640stHJ0C&dq=Marathas+Delhi+1771&pg=PA8 |title=The Great Maratha Mahadaji Scindia |date=1994 |publisher=Sarup & Sons |isbn=978-81-85431-52-9 |pages=8 |language=en}}</ref> They presented nazar{{efn|''gifts''}} and professed allegiance to the emperor, seizing the surrounding area and removing [[Najib ad-Dawlah|Najib's]] appointees. The Maratha chiefs demanded 40 lakhs of rupees for restoring the [[Shah Alam II|emperor]], the cession of Meerut and neighboring districts and the right to appoint imperial officials below the Wazir and receive half of their nuar. Saif-ud-din Muhammad Khan accepted these terms on behalf of the [[Shah Alam II|emperor]] and forwarded them for ratification.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghosh |first=D. K. Ed |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.149767 |title=A Comprehensive History Of India Vol. 9 |pages=537}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Board |first=Pratiyogita Darpan Editorial |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TTcCKkY7NLMC&dq=Maratha+Captured+Delhi+1771+Qasim+khan&pg=PA27 |title=Pratiyogita Darpan Extra Issue Series-3 Indian History |publisher=Upkar Prakashan |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheema |first=G.S |title=The Forgotten Mughals |url=https://prsxg39yc761iwd5ibj0yw.on.drv.tw/EBOOKS_2020/ARC-1000001-2516/FLIP/-gEE-8-EggiqEg---2---JEDHv----2----E5E25gm-2E2m-----V---.html#page=353 |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=prsxg39yc761iwd5ibj0yw.on.drv.tw |page=353 |language=en}}</ref> |
The [[Madhavrao I|Peshwa's]] instructions ended the passive policy and advocated for a strong stance against the [[Rohillas]]. [[Visaji Krushna Biniwale|Visaji Krishna]] demanded nazar from [[Zabita Khan]], who refused and was expelled from the camp. The Maratha army marched to [[Delhi]], where Saif-i-uddin Muhammad Khan secured the peaceful surrender of the city. However, [[Zabita Khan]]'s troops inside the fort refused to submit, leading to a breach in the ramparts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghosh |first=D. K. Ed |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.149767 |title=A Comprehensive History Of India Vol. 9 |pages=535}}</ref> The [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] entered [[Delhi]] on February 10, 1771, with a force of 3,000 horses and slaughtering the Rohillas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rathod |first=N. G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uPq640stHJ0C&dq=Marathas+Delhi+1771&pg=PA8 |title=The Great Maratha Mahadaji Scindia |date=1994 |publisher=Sarup & Sons |isbn=978-81-85431-52-9 |pages=8 |language=en}}</ref> They presented nazar{{efn|''gifts''}} and professed allegiance to the emperor, seizing the surrounding area and removing [[Najib ad-Dawlah|Najib's]] appointees. The Maratha chiefs demanded 40 lakhs of rupees for restoring the [[Shah Alam II|emperor]], the cession of Meerut and neighboring districts and the right to appoint imperial officials below the Wazir and receive half of their nuar. Saif-ud-din Muhammad Khan accepted these terms on behalf of the [[Shah Alam II|emperor]] and forwarded them for ratification.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghosh |first=D. K. Ed |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.149767 |title=A Comprehensive History Of India Vol. 9 |pages=537}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Board |first=Pratiyogita Darpan Editorial |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TTcCKkY7NLMC&dq=Maratha+Captured+Delhi+1771+Qasim+khan&pg=PA27 |title=Pratiyogita Darpan Extra Issue Series-3 Indian History |publisher=Upkar Prakashan |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheema |first=G.S |title=The Forgotten Mughals |url=https://prsxg39yc761iwd5ibj0yw.on.drv.tw/EBOOKS_2020/ARC-1000001-2516/FLIP/-gEE-8-EggiqEg---2---JEDHv----2----E5E25gm-2E2m-----V---.html#page=353 |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=prsxg39yc761iwd5ibj0yw.on.drv.tw |page=353 |language=en}}</ref> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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Latest revision as of 17:23, 30 November 2024
| Capture of Delhi (1771) | |||||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Kingdom of Rohilkhand |
 Maratha Confederacy | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
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Zabita Khan |
Mahadji Scindia Visaji Krushna Biniwale | ||||||||
In 1771, the forces of the Maratha Confederacy led by Mahadaji Shinde captured Delhi from the Rohillas and brought back the Mughal emperor Shah Alam II to Delhi from exile in Oudh.[citation needed] The Marathas captured Delhi from Zabita Khan Rohilla who was put in charge by the Afghans.[4][need quotation to verify][5]
After taking control of Delhi, the Marathas sent a large army in 1772 to punish Afghan Rohillas for their involvement in Panipat and slaughtered thousands of Rohillas. They desecrated the grave of Rohilla chieftan Najib ad-Dawla and captured Najibabad.[6] With the fleeing of the Rohillas, the rest of the country was burnt, with the exception of the city of Amroha, which was defended by some thousands of Amrohi Sayyid tribes. The Rohillas who could offer no resistance fled to the Terai region.
In the Third Battle of Panipat, the Maratha Confederacy suffered a serious blow at the hands of the Afghan Empire, the Nawab of Awadh and the Kingdom of Rohilkhand under Najib ad-Dawlah. After the death of Peshwa Balaji Bajirao, Madhavrao I became the Peshwa[7] under the regency of Raghunathrao. Mahadji Shinde's victory over the Jats of Mathura, Rajputs of Rajasthan and Pashtuns-Rohillas of Rohilkhand (in the western part of present-day Uttar Pradesh state) re-established Maratha influence in the region.[8]
Capture
[edit]The Peshwa's instructions ended the passive policy and advocated for a strong stance against the Rohillas. Visaji Krishna demanded nazar from Zabita Khan, who refused and was expelled from the camp. The Maratha army marched to Delhi, where Saif-i-uddin Muhammad Khan secured the peaceful surrender of the city. However, Zabita Khan's troops inside the fort refused to submit, leading to a breach in the ramparts.[9] The Marathas entered Delhi on February 10, 1771, with a force of 3,000 horses and slaughtering the Rohillas.[10] They presented nazar[a] and professed allegiance to the emperor, seizing the surrounding area and removing Najib's appointees. The Maratha chiefs demanded 40 lakhs of rupees for restoring the emperor, the cession of Meerut and neighboring districts and the right to appoint imperial officials below the Wazir and receive half of their nuar. Saif-ud-din Muhammad Khan accepted these terms on behalf of the emperor and forwarded them for ratification.[11][12][13]
References
[edit]- ^ Ghosh, D. K. Ed. A Comprehensive History Of India Vol. 9. p. 537.
- ^ Mahajan, V. D. (2007). History of Medieval India. S. Chand. p. 353. ISBN 9788121903646.
- ^ Gipson, Thirlee (17 April 2019). India's Struggle. Lulu Publications, Incorporated. p. 18. ISBN 9780359597321.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Stewart Gordon (2003). New Cambridge History of India: The Marathas (Vol. 2, Part 4) (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781139055666.
- ^ Ghosh, D. K. Ed. A Comprehensive History Of India Vol. 9. p. 535.
- ^ Rathod, N. G. The Great Maratha: Mahadaji Scindia.
- ^ Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra (1991). The Maratha Supremacy (2nd ed.). Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhaban. p. 201.
- ^ Gaurav, Sarthak; Ranganathan, Thiagu (2023-01-31). Accidental Gamblers: Risk and Vulnerability in Vidarbha Cotton. Cambridge University Press. p. 26. ISBN 978-1-009-27659-7.
- ^ Ghosh, D. K. Ed. A Comprehensive History Of India Vol. 9. p. 535.
- ^ Rathod, N. G. (1994). The Great Maratha Mahadaji Scindia. Sarup & Sons. p. 8. ISBN 978-81-85431-52-9.
- ^ Ghosh, D. K. Ed. A Comprehensive History Of India Vol. 9. p. 537.
- ^ Board, Pratiyogita Darpan Editorial. Pratiyogita Darpan Extra Issue Series-3 Indian History. Upkar Prakashan.
- ^ Cheema, G.S. "The Forgotten Mughals". prsxg39yc761iwd5ibj0yw.on.drv.tw. p. 353. Retrieved 2023-12-30.
- ^ gifts
