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{{Short description|Heavy fighter aircraft in Japan}}
{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
{{Infobox aircraft
|name = Ki-102
| name = Ki-102
|image = Kawasaki KI-102b heavy fighter.jpg
|caption = Kawasaki Ki-102b assault plane Model b
| image = Kawasaki KI-102b heavy fighter.jpg
| image_border = yes
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type
| caption = Kawasaki Ki-102 Otsu attack plane
|type = [[Ground attack]] and [[night fighter]]
| type = [[Attack aircraft|Attacker]], [[fighter aircraft|fighter]], [[night fighter]]
|national origin = [[Japan]]
| national_origin = Japan
|manufacturer = [[Kawasaki Aerospace Company|Kawasaki Kōkūki Kōgyō K.K.]]
| manufacturer = [[Kawasaki Aerospace Company|Kawasaki Kōkūki Kōgyō K.K.]]
|designer = <!--Only appropriate for single designers, not project leaders-->
| designer =
|first flight = 1944
|introduction = 1944
| first_flight = 1944
| introduction = 1944
|retired = 1945
| retired = 1945
|status = <!--In most cases, redundant; use sparingly-->
| status = Retired
|primary user = [[Imperial Japanese Army Air Force]]
| primary_user = [[Imperial Japanese Army Air Force]]
|more users = <!-- Limited to THREE (3) 'more users' here (4 total users). Separate users with <br/>. -->
| more_users =
|produced = <!--Years in production (eg. 1970-1999) if still in active use but no longer built -->
| produced =
|number built = 238
| number_built = 238
|program cost = <!--Total program cost-->
| unit cost =
|unit cost = <!--Incremental or flyaway cost for military or retail price for commercial aircraft-->
|developed from = [[Kawasaki Ki-96]]
| developed_from = [[Kawasaki Ki-96]]
| variants =
|variants with their own articles = <!--Variants OF this aircraft-->
| developed_into =
}}
}}
The '''Kawasaki Ki-102''' or {{nihongo|'''Type 4 Attack Plane'''|四式襲撃機|Yonshiki shūgeki-ki}} was a Japanese warplane of [[World War II]]. It was a twin-engine, two-seat, long-range [[heavy fighter]] developed to replace the [[Kawasaki Ki-45|Ki-45]] ''Toryu''. Three versions were planned: the Ki-102 Kō day [[Fighter aircraft|fighter]], Ki-102 Otsu [[Attack aircraft|ground-attack]] and Ki-102 Hei [[night fighter]]. This aircraft's [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] [[World War II Allied names for Japanese aircraft|reporting name]] was "'''Randy'''".
|}
The '''Kawasaki Ki-102''' (Army Type 4 assault aircraft) was a Japanese warplane of [[World War II]]. It was a twin-engine, two-seat, long-range [[heavy fighter]] developed to replace the [[Kawasaki Ki-45|Ki-45]] ''Toryu''. Three versions were planned: the Ki-102a day [[Fighter aircraft|fighter]], Ki-102b [[Attack aircraft|ground-attack]] and Ki-102c [[night fighter]]. This aircraft's [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] [[World War II Allied names for Japanese aircraft|reporting name]] was "'''Randy'''".


==Design and history==
==Design and history==
It entered service in 1944, but saw limited action. The main type (102b) was kept in reserve to protect Japan, although it did see some limited duty in the [[Battle of Okinawa|Okinawa campaign]]. It was kept out of front line service because it was hoped that it would be the carrier of the [[Igo-1-B]] air-to-ground guided missile when the Allied invasion of Japan occurred.
The Ki-102 entered service in 1944, but saw limited action. The main type (Ki-102 Otsu) was kept in reserve to protect Japan, although it did see some limited duty in the [[Battle of Okinawa|Okinawa campaign]]. It was kept out of front line service because it was hoped that it would be the carrier of the [[Ki-148]] air-to-surface guided missile when the Allied invasion of Japan occurred.


==Versions==
==Variants==
; Ki-102
; Ki-102
:[[prototype]]s, 3 built
:[[prototype]]s, three built
; Ki-102a (Type Kō)
; Ki-102 Kō
:Externally similar to the 102b, but with [[Twincharger|turbosupercharger]]s that enabled the engine to maintain its rating at higher altitudes. The 57&nbsp;mm (2.24&nbsp;in) cannon was swapped in favor of a 37&nbsp;mm (1.46&nbsp;in) cannon, and the 12.7&nbsp;mm (.50&nbsp;in) rear gun was deleted, 26 built.
:Externally similar to the Ki-102 Otsu, but with [[Twincharger|turbosupercharger]]s that enabled the engines to maintain their rating at higher altitudes. The 57&nbsp;mm (2.24&nbsp;in) cannon was swapped in favor of a 37&nbsp;mm (1.46&nbsp;in) cannon, and the 12.7&nbsp;mm (.50&nbsp;in) rear gun was deleted, 26 built.
; Ki-102b (Type Otsu)
; Ki-102 Otsu
:Ground-attack variant similar to prototypes, except with revised tail wheel, 207 built
:Ground-attack variant similar to prototypes, except with revised tail wheel, 207 built
; Ki-102c (Type Hei)
; Ki-102 Hei
:Night fighter version with lengthened [[fuselage]] and span. [[Radar]] under a [[acrylic glass|Plexiglas]] dome, oblique-firing 20&nbsp;mm cannons, and the 20&nbsp;mm cannons in the belly replaced with 30&nbsp;mm (1.18&nbsp;in) cannons in [[Schräge Musik]] behind the cockpit, two built.
:Night fighter version with lengthened [[fuselage]] and span. [[Radar]] under a [[acrylic glass|Plexiglas]] dome, oblique-firing 20&nbsp;mm cannons, and the 20&nbsp;mm cannons in the belly replaced with 30&nbsp;mm (1.18&nbsp;in) cannons in [[Schräge Musik]] behind the cockpit, two built.
; Ki-108
; Ki-108
:High-altitude fighter prototype with [[Cabin pressurization|pressurised cabin]], two conversions from Ki-102b aircraft using the structural improvements used on the 102c.
:High-altitude fighter prototype with [[Cabin pressurization|pressurised cabin]], two conversions from Ki-102 Otsu aircraft using the structural improvements used on the Ki-102 Hei.
; Ki-108 Kai
; Ki-108 Kai
:Improved version of the Ki-108 with longer fuselage and enlarged wings. Two built.
:Improved version of the Ki-108 with longer fuselage and enlarged wings. Two built.


==Specifications (Ki-102b)==
==Specifications (Ki-102 Otsu)==
[[File:Ki-102 war booty.jpg|thumb|right|Ki-102 in USAAF markings after the war]]
[[File:Ki-102 war booty.jpg|thumb|Ki-102 Kō in USAAF markings after the war]]

{{aircraft specifications
{{Aircraft specs
<!-- please answer the following questions -->
|ref=Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War{{sfn|Francillon1979|pp=137–138}}
|plane or copter?= plane
|prime units?=met
|jet or prop?= prop
<!--
|ref=''Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War''<ref>{{Harvnb|Francillon1979|pp=137–138.}}</ref>
General characteristics
<!-- Now, fill out the specs. Please include units where appropriate (main comes first, alt in parentheses). If an item doesn't apply, leave it blank. For instructions on using |more general=, |more performance=, |power original=, and |thrust original= see [[Template talk:Airtemp]]. -->
-->
|crew= 2
|crew=2
|length alt= 37 ft 7 in
|length main= 11.45 m
|length m=11.45
|length note=
|span alt= 51 ft 1 in
|span main= 15.57 m
|span m=15.57
|span note=
|height alt= 12 ft 2 in
|height main= 3.70 m
|height m=3.7
|height note=
|area alt= 366 ft²
|area main= 34 m²
|wing area sqm=34
|wing area note=
|airfoil=
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|empty weight alt= 10,900 lb
|airfoil='''root:''' [[NACA airfoil|NACA 24015]]; '''tip:''' [[NACA airfoil|NACA 23010]]<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>
|empty weight main= 4,950 kg
|loaded weight alt= 16,000 lb
|empty weight kg=4950
|loaded weight main= 7,300 kg
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=7300
|useful load main=<!-- lb-->
|gross weight note=
|useful load alt=<!-- kg-->
|max takeoff weight main=<!-- lb-->
|max takeoff weight kg=
|max takeoff weight alt=<!-- kg-->
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity=
|engine (prop)= [[Mitsubishi Ha-112]]-II Ru
|more general=
|type of prop= 14-cylinder [[radial engine]]
<!--
|number of props= 2
Powerplant
|power main= 1,120 kW
-->
|power alt= 1,500 hp
|eng1 number=2
|max speed alt= 310 kn, 360 mph
|eng1 name=[[Mitsubishi Ha112-II Ru]]
|max speed main= 580 km/h
|eng1 type=14-cylinder air-cooled [[radial engine]]
|max speed more=
|eng1 kw=1120
|cruise speed main=<!-- knots, mph-->
|eng1 note=
|cruise speed alt=<!-- km/h-->

|cruise speed more=
|prop blade number=3
|never exceed speed main=<!-- knots, mph-->
|prop name=constant-speed propellers
|never exceed speed alt=<!-- km/h-->
|stall speed main=<!-- knots, mph-->
|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia note=
|stall speed alt=<!-- km/h-->
<!--
|stall speed more=
Performance
|range alt= 1,100 nmi, 1,200 mi
-->
|range main= 2,000 km
|max speed kmh=580
|range more=
|max speed note=
|ceiling alt= 33,000 ft
|cruise speed kmh=
|ceiling main= 10,000 m
|cruise speed note=
|climb rate main= 2,340 ft/min
|stall speed kmh=
|climb rate alt= 714 m/min
|stall speed note=
|loading main=<!-- lb/ft²-->
|never exceed speed kmh=
|loading alt=<!-- kg/m²-->
|never exceed speed note=
|power/mass main= 2.4 kg/kW
|minimum control speed kmh=
|power/mass alt= 5.4 lb/hp
|minimum control speed note=
|range km=2000
|range note=
|combat range km=
|combat range note=
|ferry range km=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=10000
|ceiling note=
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|climb rate ms=11.9
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|wing loading kg/m2=
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|power/mass={{cvt|0.417|kW/kg}}
|more performance=<!--</br>
*'''Take-off run:''' {{cvt||m|0}}
*'''Take-off distance to {{cvt|15|m|0}}:''' {{cvt||m|0}}
*'''Landing run:''' {{cvt||m|0}}
*'''Landing distance from {{cvt|15|m|0}}:''' {{cvt||m|0}}-->
<!--
Armament
-->
|guns=<br>
|guns=<br>
** 1 × 57 mm (2.24 in) [[Ho-401 cannon]]—replaced in the 102a with a 37 mm (1.46 in) [[Ho-203 cannon]], deleted in the 102c
** 1 × 57 mm (2.24 in) [[Ho-401 cannon]]—replaced in the 102a with a 37 mm (1.46 in) [[Ho-204 cannon]], deleted in the 102c
** 2 × 20 mm [[Ho-5 cannon]] in the belly—replaced in the 102c with 30 mm (1.18 in) cannons in the package, plus oblique-firing 2 × 20 mm cannons
** 2 × 20 mm [[Ho-5 cannon]] in the belly—replaced in the 102c with 30 mm (1.18 in) cannon in the package, plus oblique-firing 2 × 20 mm cannon
** 1 × 12.7 mm (0.50 in) [[Ho-103 machine gun]]—deleted in the 102a and 102c
** 1 × 12.7 mm (0.50 in) [[Ho-103 machine gun]] (deleted in the Ki-102a and Ki-102)
|bombs=<br>
|bombs=<br>
** 2 × 200 L (53 US gal) drop tanks; ''or''
** 2 × 200 L (53 US gal) drop tanks; ''or''
Line 116: Line 143:
* [[Messerschmitt Me 410]]
* [[Messerschmitt Me 410]]
* [[Mitsubishi Ki-83]]
* [[Mitsubishi Ki-83]]
* [[Nakajima J5N]]
* [[Nakajima J1N]]
* [[Rikugun Ki-93]]
* [[Rikugun Ki-93]]
|lists=
|lists=
Line 124: Line 151:
}}
}}


==References==
==Footnotes==
{{reflist|20em}}
{{commons category|Kawasaki Ki-102}}


=== Notes===
==References==
{{Reflist|35em}}

===Bibliography===
{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}
* Francillon, Ph.D., René J. ''Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War''. London: Putnam and Company Ltd., 1979. {{ISBN|0-370-30251-6}}.
* {{cite book |last1=Francillon |first1=René J. |title=Japanese aircraft of the Pacific War |date=1979 |publisher=Putnam |location=London |isbn=0-370-30251-6 |edition=2nd}}
* Green, William. ''Warplanes of the Second World War, Volume Three: Fighters''. London: Macdonald & Co. (Publishers) Ltd., 1961 (seventh impression 1973). {{ISBN|0-356-01447-9}}.
* Green, William and Swanborough, Gordon. ''WW2 Aircraft Fact Files: Japanese Army Fighters, Part 1''. London: Macdonald and Jane's, 1976. {{ISBN|0-356-08224-5}}.
{{refend}}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
{{commons category|Kawasaki Ki-102}}
* {{cite book |last1=Green |first1=William |title=War Planes of the Second World War. v. 3. |date=1973 |publisher=Macdonald & Co |location=London|isbn=0-356-01447-9 |edition=Seventh impression}}
* {{cite book |last1=Green |first1=William |last2=Swanborough |first2=Gordon |title=Japanese Army Fighters / 1. |date=1976 |publisher=Macdonald and Jane's |location=London |isbn=0-356-08224-5}}


{{Kawasaki aircraft}}
{{Kawasaki aircraft}}
Line 141: Line 168:


[[Category:Kawasaki aircraft|Ki-102]]
[[Category:Kawasaki aircraft|Ki-102]]
[[Category:Japanese fighter aircraft 1940–1949|Ki-102, Kawasaki]]
[[Category:1940s Japanese fighter aircraft|Ki-102, Kawasaki]]
[[Category:Twin-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:World War II Japanese fighter aircraft|Ki-102, Kawasaki]]
[[Category:World War II Japanese fighter aircraft|Ki-102, Kawasaki]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1944]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1944]]
[[Category:Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear]]

Latest revision as of 18:10, 30 November 2024

Ki-102
Kawasaki Ki-102 Otsu attack plane
General information
TypeAttacker, fighter, night fighter
National originJapan
ManufacturerKawasaki Kōkūki Kōgyō K.K.
StatusRetired
Primary userImperial Japanese Army Air Force
Number built238
History
Introduction date1944
First flight1944
Retired1945
Developed fromKawasaki Ki-96

The Kawasaki Ki-102 or Type 4 Attack Plane (四式襲撃機, Yonshiki shūgeki-ki) was a Japanese warplane of World War II. It was a twin-engine, two-seat, long-range heavy fighter developed to replace the Ki-45 Toryu. Three versions were planned: the Ki-102 Kō day fighter, Ki-102 Otsu ground-attack and Ki-102 Hei night fighter. This aircraft's Allied reporting name was "Randy".

Design and history

[edit]

The Ki-102 entered service in 1944, but saw limited action. The main type (Ki-102 Otsu) was kept in reserve to protect Japan, although it did see some limited duty in the Okinawa campaign. It was kept out of front line service because it was hoped that it would be the carrier of the Ki-148 air-to-surface guided missile when the Allied invasion of Japan occurred.

Variants

[edit]
Ki-102
prototypes, three built
Ki-102 Kō
Externally similar to the Ki-102 Otsu, but with turbosuperchargers that enabled the engines to maintain their rating at higher altitudes. The 57 mm (2.24 in) cannon was swapped in favor of a 37 mm (1.46 in) cannon, and the 12.7 mm (.50 in) rear gun was deleted, 26 built.
Ki-102 Otsu
Ground-attack variant similar to prototypes, except with revised tail wheel, 207 built
Ki-102 Hei
Night fighter version with lengthened fuselage and span. Radar under a Plexiglas dome, oblique-firing 20 mm cannons, and the 20 mm cannons in the belly replaced with 30 mm (1.18 in) cannons in Schräge Musik behind the cockpit, two built.
Ki-108
High-altitude fighter prototype with pressurised cabin, two conversions from Ki-102 Otsu aircraft using the structural improvements used on the Ki-102 Hei.
Ki-108 Kai
Improved version of the Ki-108 with longer fuselage and enlarged wings. Two built.

Specifications (Ki-102 Otsu)

[edit]
Ki-102 Kō in USAAF markings after the war

Data from Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War[1]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 2
  • Length: 11.45 m (37 ft 7 in)
  • Wingspan: 15.57 m (51 ft 1 in)
  • Height: 3.7 m (12 ft 2 in)
  • Wing area: 34 m2 (370 sq ft)
  • Airfoil: root: NACA 24015; tip: NACA 23010[2]
  • Empty weight: 4,950 kg (10,913 lb)
  • Gross weight: 7,300 kg (16,094 lb)
  • Powerplant: 2 × Mitsubishi Ha112-II Ru 14-cylinder air-cooled radial engine, 1,120 kW (1,500 hp) each
  • Propellers: 3-bladed constant-speed propellers

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 580 km/h (360 mph, 310 kn)
  • Range: 2,000 km (1,200 mi, 1,100 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 10,000 m (33,000 ft)
  • Rate of climb: 11.9 m/s (2,340 ft/min)
  • Power/mass: 0.417 kW/kg (0.254 hp/lb)

Armament

  • Guns:
    • 1 × 57 mm (2.24 in) Ho-401 cannon—replaced in the 102a with a 37 mm (1.46 in) Ho-204 cannon, deleted in the 102c
    • 2 × 20 mm Ho-5 cannon in the belly—replaced in the 102c with 30 mm (1.18 in) cannon in the package, plus oblique-firing 2 × 20 mm cannon
    • 1 × 12.7 mm (0.50 in) Ho-103 machine gun (deleted in the Ki-102a and Ki-102)
  • Bombs:
    • 2 × 200 L (53 US gal) drop tanks; or
    • 2 × 250 kg (551 lb) bombs or
    • 1 × Kawasaki Igo-1b guided missile

See also

[edit]

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^ Francillon1979, pp. 137–138.
  2. ^ Lednicer, David. "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". m-selig.ae.illinois.edu. Retrieved 16 April 2019.

References

[edit]
  • Francillon, René J. (1979). Japanese aircraft of the Pacific War (2nd ed.). London: Putnam. ISBN 0-370-30251-6.

Further reading

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kawasaki Ki-102.
  • Green, William (1973). War Planes of the Second World War. v. 3 (Seventh impression ed.). London: Macdonald & Co. ISBN 0-356-01447-9.
  • Green, William; Swanborough, Gordon (1976). Japanese Army Fighters / 1. London: Macdonald and Jane's. ISBN 0-356-08224-5.
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