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{{Short description|Painting by Pablo Picasso}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2011}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2011}}
{{Infobox Artwork
{{Infobox artwork
| image_file=Dora Maar Au Chat.jpg
| image_file=Dora Maar Au Chat.jpg
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| image_size=300px
| painting_alignment=right
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| title=Dora Maar au Chat
| title=Dora Maar au Chat
| artist=[[Pablo Picasso]]
| artist=[[Pablo Picasso]]
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| metric_unit=cm
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| museum=Private collection
| museum=Private collection
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| movement=[[Cubism]]
}}
}}
'''''Dora Maar au Chat''''' (''Dora Maar with Cat'') is a 1941 painting by [[Pablo Picasso]]. It depicts [[Dora Maar]], the painter's lover, seated on a chair with a small cat perched on her shoulders. The work was one of the [[List of most expensive paintings|world's most expensive paintings ever sold]], purchased for US$ 95 million in 2006 by a private collector.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/04/arts/design/04auction.html?ex=1304395200&en=b522716ad30d0aec&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss "Mystery Bidder Spends $95&nbsp;Million on a Picasso"], Carol Vogel, ''New York Times'', May 4, 2006.</ref>


'''''Dora Maar au Chat''''' (English: '''''Dora Maar with Cat''''') is an [[Oil painting|oil-on-canvas]] painting by [[Pablo Picasso]]. It was painted in 1941 and depicts [[Dora Maar]] (original name Henriette Theodora Markovitch), the artist's lover, seated on a chair with a small cat perched on her shoulders. The painting is listed as one of the [[List of most expensive paintings|most expensive paintings]], after achieving a price of $95 million at [[Sotheby's]] on 3 May 2006. It is currently the sixth-highest-selling painting by Picasso.
== History ==
The canvas (50 ½ by 37 ½ inches / 128.3&nbsp;cm by 95.3&nbsp;cm) was one of many portraits of Dora Maar painted by Pablo Picasso over their nearly decade-long relationship. Picasso fell in love at the age of 55 with the 29-year-old Maar and the couple soon began living together. This painting was made during the year 1941, when the [[Nazis]] were occupying France. In the 1940s, the painting was obtained by Chicago collectors [[Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art|Leigh and Mary Block]]. They sold the painting in 1963.<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000088&sid=aOszYPrb3wYc&refer=culture "Picasso's 'Dora Maar au Chat' Sells for $95.2 Mln at Sotheby's"], Lindsay Pollock and Philip Boroff, Bloomberg.com, May 3, 2006.</ref> After that, the painting was never shown until the 21st century.


==Background==
⚫
During 2005 and 2006, ''Dora Maar au Chat'', then owned by the [[Gerald Gidwitz|Gidwitz family]] of Chicago, was shown worldwide as part of [[Sotheby's]] exhibitions in London, Hong Kong and New York. It came up for sale in an [[auction]] of [[Impressionist]]/Modern works held at Sotheby's on May 3, 2006 in New York and making it the second-highest price ever paid for a painting at auction. An anonymous Russian [https://www.webcitation.org/5QSWJtpd4?url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/19263980/site/newsweek/] bidder present at the New York auction won the work with a final bid of US$95,216,000, well exceeding the pre-auction US$50&nbsp;million estimates.<ref>[http://www.news-antique.com/?id=781416 "Pablo Picasso Portrait of Dora Maar brings $95,216,000 at Sotheby's"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070301211112/http://www.news-antique.com/?id=781416 |date=March 1, 2007 }}, News-Antique.com, May 4, 2006.</ref>
The canvas is one of many portraits of Dora Maar painted by Pablo Picasso over their nearly decade-long relationship. Their relationship began when Picasso met Maar on the set of [[Jean Renoir|Jean Renoir's]] film ''[[The Crime of Monsieur Lange|Le Crime de Monsieur Lange]],'' where she was working as a movie photographer. They were formally introduced by the French [[Surrealism|Surrealist]] poet [[Paul Éluard]]. Picasso fell in love with the 29-year-old Maar at the age of 55 and the couple began living together. Picasso was drawn to Maar not only for her beauty but also for her intellect and artistic nature. Like Picasso, Maar was an artist, photographer, and poet. She shared Picasso's political views and also spoke Spanish. Their relationship was intensely passionate and tempestuous and she challenged Picasso both intellectually and artistically. Maar assisted Picasso with his artwork, particularly during his creation of ''[[Guernica (Picasso)|Guernica]]'', which she documented with photographs.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rutten|first=Michel|date=9 July 2019|title=The Surrealistic World of Dora Maar|url=https://www.dailyartmagazine.com/the-surrealistic-world-of-dora-maar/|access-date=4 December 2020|website=Daily Art Magazine}}</ref>


This painting was made in 1941, at the beginning of [[World War II]]. Picasso had already painted Maar many times before creating this painting. When the [[Nazis]] occupied France, the tension between Maar and Picasso increased, resulting in Picasso portraying Maar in a much more abstract way, sometimes depicting her in tears.<ref name="Sothebys" />
The identity of the bidder, who spent more than US$100&nbsp;million in total, and purchased an 1883 [[Claude Monet|Monet]] seascape and a 1978 [[Marc Chagall|Chagall]] in addition to the Picasso, was a topic of much speculation. Apparently a novice bidder, though possibly acting as an agent for a more well-known collector, the anonymous buyer may have been unknown at the start of the auction even to Sotheby's officials.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/06/arts/design/06buye.html?ex=1304568000&en=8f4e637fd6f73618&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss "Recognize This Man? The Art World Doesn't"], Carol Vogel, ''New York Times'', May 6, 2006.</ref> As of mid-2007, the ownership of the ''Dora Maar au Chat'' is still unknown to the general public, although rumors have focused on the Georgian mining magnate and former Prime Minister of Georgia [[Boris Ivanishvili|Bidzina (Boris) Ivanishvili]], who sold his Moscow bank a week before the auction for $550 m.<ref>[http://nymag.com/arts/art/features/19387/index3.html The Hunt for the Red Collector], Marc Spiegler, ''New York Magazine'', Aug 26, 2006</ref><ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2006/09/03/svrussian03.xml Previously known as the mystery buyer of the $95m Picasso?], ''Telegraph'', Sept 3 2006.</ref>


==Description==
== Descriptions of painting ==
''Dora Maar au Chat'' is one of the largest portraits of the subject by Picasso. It is an oil on canvas painting measuring 128.3&nbsp;cm x 95.3&nbsp;cm and is signed by the artist in the lower left corner. As Picasso's mistress and main model, Dora Maar was the artist's main source of inspiration and his artistic companion. The painting was created in 1941 during the midst of their tempestuous relationship.
⚫
''Dora Maar au Chat'' presents the artist's most mysterious and challenging mistress regally posed three-quarter length in a large wooden chair with a small black cat perched behind her in both an amusing and menacing attitude. The faceted planes of her body and richly layered surface of brushstrokes impart a monumental and sculptural quality to this portrait. The painting is also remarkable for its brilliance of colour and the complex and dense patterning of the model's dress. The powerful figure is set in a dramatic, yet simple setting composed of a vertiginously inclined plane of wooden floorboards and shallow interior space that is arranged in a manner reminiscent of Picasso's earliest manipulations of space in a cubist manner.


The painting is a rare, three-quarter-length portrait of Maar, who is sitting in an armchair. Picasso used a vibrant palette to depict Maar's clothing and gave particular attention to details of the angles of the chair and the pattern on the dress. Maar's hat is particularly significant, as it signifies her involvement in the [[Surrealism|Surrealist movement]]. Like a crown on her head, the hat is ornate, embellished with colourful feathers and red trim. The presence of the subject is pronounced, reflecting the way a queen would sit on her throne.<ref name="Sothebys" />
''Dora Maar au Chat'' is one of Picasso's most valued depictions of his lover and artistic companion. Their partnership had been one of intellectual exchange and intense passion—Dora was an artist, spoke Picasso's native Spanish, and shared his political concerns. She even assisted with the execution of the monumental ''[[Guernica (painting)|Guernica]]'' and produced the only photo-documentary of the work in progress. She was an intellectual force – a characteristic that both stimulated and challenged Picasso and her influence on him resulted in some of his most powerful and daring portraits of his 75-year career. Among the best of them are the [[oil painting|oils]] completed during the late 1930s and early 1940s, when Picasso's art resonated with the drama and emotional upheaval of the era and which Dora came to personify. The luminous ''Dora Maar au Chat'' was painted in 1941, at the beginning of the Second World War in France.<!-- and just as the couple’s affair was reaching its climax. By what measure??-->


In this painting, Picasso aims to depict not only Dora's beauty but also her temperament. He once described her as an "Afghan cat" in reference to her personality. The presence of the cat on her shoulder offers special significance, as it reflects the traditional pairing of cats and women in art that was used to suggest female cunning and sexual aggression. This theme is particularly noticeable in the way that the artist depicted Maar's long manicured fingernails, which in Picasso's portrait have been rendered as long talons.<ref name="Sothebys" />
Maar was one of the most influential figures in Picasso's life during their relationship and she also became his primary model. By the time he painted the present picture he had incorporated Dora Maar's image into countless versions of this motif. During the occupation of Paris by the Nazis, and as tension mounted in their relationship, the artist would express his frustration by furiously abstracting her image, often portraying her in tears. While the present portrait might seem a departure from Picasso's more hostile depictions of this model, it may be one of his most brilliant and biting provocations of his ''Weeping Woman''. Picasso once likened Maar's allure and temperament to that of an “Afghan cat”, and the cat in this picture is laden with significance. In the history of art, the pairing of cats and women was an allusion to feminine wiles and sexual aggression, as exemplified in [[Manet]]’s notorious ''[[Olympia (painting)|Olympia]]''. The artist has paid particular attention to the sharp, talon-like nails on the long fingers of his model. In life Maar's well-[[manicure]]d hands were one of her most beautiful and distinctive features, and here they have taken on another, more violent characteristic.


Picasso depicted Maar's portrait in the [[Cubism|Cubist style]]. He used faceted planes and blocks of colour to sculpt her body. The outlines of shapes in the body are accentuated in black, while Maar's face is sculpted in white. The composition is a construction of shapes with vertically inclined planes that contrast with the lines of the wooden floor in the background. Maar's face is presented from two angles, one half in profile with the eye looking straight at the viewer, and the other half of a full face. This possibly reflects [[Sigmund Freud|Freud's]] writings about the double self-existing in every person.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cecilia|first=Lopena|date=25 April 2012|title=PABLO PICASSO DORA MAAR AU CHAT Oil on canvas 1941|url=https://www.academia.edu/26254098|access-date=4 December 2020|website=Academia}}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
In addition to being a rare, three-quarter length portrait of Dora Maar, the present work is also a generous and painterly composition with an extraordinary attention to detail. The artist used an extraordinarily vibrant palette in his rendering of the angles of the chair and the patterning of Maar's dress. The most embellished and symbolic element of the sitter's wardrobe in this picture is her hat, Maar's most famous accessory and signifier of her involvement in the [[Surrealism|Surrealist]] movement. Ceremoniously placed atop her head like a crown, it is festooned with colourful plumes and outlined with a band of vibrant red. Larger than life, an impression enhanced by her vibrant body that cannot be confined by the boundaries of the chair, Maar looms in this picture like a pagan goddess seated on her throne.

⚫
David Norman, Chairman of [[Sotheby's]] Impressionist and Modern Art Department Worldwide, summarised the importance of the composition.<ref name="Sothebys" /><blockquote>''Dora Maar Au Chat'' presents the artist’s most mysterious and challenging mistress regally posed three-quarter length in a large wooden chair with a small black cat perched behind her in both an amusing and menacing attitude. The faceted planes of her body and richly layered surface of brushstrokes impart a monumental and sculptural quality to this dazzling portrait. The painting is also remarkable for its brilliance of color and the complex and dense patterning of the model’s dress. The powerful figure is set in a dramatic, yet simple setting composed of a vertiginously inclined plane of wooden floorboards and shallow interior space that is arranged in a manner reminiscent of Picasso’s earliest manipulations of space in a Cubist manner.</blockquote>

==Significance and legacy==
Charles Moffett, Vice Chairman of Sotheby's, remarked on the painting's significance.<ref name="Sothebys">{{Cite web|date=17 December 2006|title=Pablo Picasso Portrait of Dora Maar Could Bring $50 Million at May 3 Sotheby's Auction|url=http://www.news-antique.com/?id=781079&keys=Pablo-Picasso-Dora-Maar-sotheby|access-date=4 December 2020|website=News Antique|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060520052456/http://www.news-antique.com/?id=781079&keys=Pablo-Picasso-Dora-Maar-sotheby|archive-date=May 20, 2006}}</ref><blockquote>''Dora Maar with Cat'' is unquestionably one of Picasso's most extraordinary portrayals of the woman who for nearly a decade was his muse, model, and lover. An accomplished photographer who was close to key members of the Surrealist circle, Maar appealed deeply to Picasso because of her arresting and wild beauty, engaging intellect, and commitment as an artist. As Brigitte Léal has observed with regard to the portraits of Dora Maar that Picasso painted in the early 1940s, ‘...they embody the height of modern beauty as [André] Breton envisioned it, based on the principle of vital disorder, which the figure of Dora Maar, in her extreme mutability, her real, spiritual restlessness, will forever incarnate’.</blockquote>

==Provenance==
Pierre Colle of Paris acquired the painting in 1946. The painting was then obtained by Chicago collectors [[Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art|Leigh and Mary Block]] in 1947. They sold the painting in 1963. After that, the painting was never seen in public until the 21st century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pablo Picasso DORA MAAR AU CHAT Estimate 50,000,000 — 70,000,000 USD|url=https://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2006/impressionist-modern-art-evening-sale-n08195/lot.14.html|access-date=4 December 2020|website=Sotherbys}}</ref>

⚫
During 2005 and 2006, ''Dora Maar au Chat'', then owned by the [[Gerald Gidwitz|Gidwitz family]] of Chicago, was shown worldwide as part of [[Sotheby's]] exhibitions in London, Hong Kong, and New York. It came up for sale in an auction held at Sotheby's on 3 May 2006 in New York, making it the second-highest price ever paid for a painting at auction at the time. An anonymous Russian bidder who was present at the auction won the work with a final bid of $95,216,000, well exceeding the pre-auction estimate of $50&nbsp;million.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/04/arts/design/04auction.html?ex=1304395200&en=b522716ad30d0aec&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss "Mystery Bidder Spends $95&nbsp;Million on a Picasso"], Carol Vogel, ''New York Times'', May 4, 2006.</ref><ref>[http://www.news-antique.com/?id=781416 "Pablo Picasso Portrait of Dora Maar brings $95,216,000 at Sotheby's"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070301211112/http://www.news-antique.com/?id=781416|date=March 1, 2007}}, News-Antique.com, May 4, 2006.</ref> The identity of the bidder, who also purchased an 1883 [[Claude Monet|Monet]] seascape and a 1978 [[Marc Chagall|Chagall]], was a topic of much speculation. The winning buyer is listed as Georgian businessman and billionaire [[Bidzina Ivanishvili]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 November 2011|title=Bidzina Ivanishvili – a billionaire goes into politics|url=https://www.balcanicaucaso.org/eng/Areas/Georgia/Bidzina-Ivanishvili-a-billionaire-goes-into-politics-106030|access-date=4 December 2020|website=OBC Transeuropa}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
* [[List of most expensive paintings]]
* [[List of most expensive paintings]]
*''[[Portrait of Dora Maar]]''
⚫
*[[Cubism]]
*''[[Guernica (Picasso)|Guernica]]''
*[[Marie-Thérèse Walter]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060520052456/http://www.news-antique.com/?id=781079&keys=Pablo-Picasso-Dora-Maar-sotheby ''Sotheby's: About the painting and its features'']
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070301211112/http://www.news-antique.com/?id=781416 ''Sotheby's: Full story of the auction on May 3, 2006, New York'']


{{Pablo Picasso}}
{{Pablo Picasso}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Dora Maar au Chat}}
[[Category:Pablo Picasso portraits]]
[[Category:Portraits by Pablo Picasso]]
[[Category:Portraits of women]]
[[Category:Portraits of women]]
[[Category:1941 paintings]]
[[Category:1941 paintings]]
[[Category:20th-century portraits]]
[[Category:20th-century portraits]]
[[Category:Cats in art]]
[[Category:Cats in art]]
[[Category:Paintings by Pablo Picasso]]
[[Category:Oil on canvas paintings]]
[[Category:Portraits by Spanish artists]]

Latest revision as of 18:14, 30 November 2024

Dora Maar au Chat
ArtistPablo Picasso
Year1941
MediumOil on canvas
Dimensions128.3 cm × 95.3 cm (50.5 in × 37.5 in)
LocationPrivate collection

Dora Maar au Chat (English: Dora Maar with Cat) is an oil-on-canvas painting by Pablo Picasso. It was painted in 1941 and depicts Dora Maar (original name Henriette Theodora Markovitch), the artist's lover, seated on a chair with a small cat perched on her shoulders. The painting is listed as one of the most expensive paintings, after achieving a price of $95 million at Sotheby's on 3 May 2006. It is currently the sixth-highest-selling painting by Picasso.

Background

[edit]

The canvas is one of many portraits of Dora Maar painted by Pablo Picasso over their nearly decade-long relationship. Their relationship began when Picasso met Maar on the set of Jean Renoir's film Le Crime de Monsieur Lange, where she was working as a movie photographer. They were formally introduced by the French Surrealist poet Paul Éluard. Picasso fell in love with the 29-year-old Maar at the age of 55 and the couple began living together. Picasso was drawn to Maar not only for her beauty but also for her intellect and artistic nature. Like Picasso, Maar was an artist, photographer, and poet. She shared Picasso's political views and also spoke Spanish. Their relationship was intensely passionate and tempestuous and she challenged Picasso both intellectually and artistically. Maar assisted Picasso with his artwork, particularly during his creation of Guernica, which she documented with photographs.[1]

This painting was made in 1941, at the beginning of World War II. Picasso had already painted Maar many times before creating this painting. When the Nazis occupied France, the tension between Maar and Picasso increased, resulting in Picasso portraying Maar in a much more abstract way, sometimes depicting her in tears.[2]

Description

[edit]

Dora Maar au Chat is one of the largest portraits of the subject by Picasso. It is an oil on canvas painting measuring 128.3 cm x 95.3 cm and is signed by the artist in the lower left corner. As Picasso's mistress and main model, Dora Maar was the artist's main source of inspiration and his artistic companion. The painting was created in 1941 during the midst of their tempestuous relationship.

The painting is a rare, three-quarter-length portrait of Maar, who is sitting in an armchair. Picasso used a vibrant palette to depict Maar's clothing and gave particular attention to details of the angles of the chair and the pattern on the dress. Maar's hat is particularly significant, as it signifies her involvement in the Surrealist movement. Like a crown on her head, the hat is ornate, embellished with colourful feathers and red trim. The presence of the subject is pronounced, reflecting the way a queen would sit on her throne.[2]

In this painting, Picasso aims to depict not only Dora's beauty but also her temperament. He once described her as an "Afghan cat" in reference to her personality. The presence of the cat on her shoulder offers special significance, as it reflects the traditional pairing of cats and women in art that was used to suggest female cunning and sexual aggression. This theme is particularly noticeable in the way that the artist depicted Maar's long manicured fingernails, which in Picasso's portrait have been rendered as long talons.[2]

Picasso depicted Maar's portrait in the Cubist style. He used faceted planes and blocks of colour to sculpt her body. The outlines of shapes in the body are accentuated in black, while Maar's face is sculpted in white. The composition is a construction of shapes with vertically inclined planes that contrast with the lines of the wooden floor in the background. Maar's face is presented from two angles, one half in profile with the eye looking straight at the viewer, and the other half of a full face. This possibly reflects Freud's writings about the double self-existing in every person.[3]

David Norman, Chairman of Sotheby's Impressionist and Modern Art Department Worldwide, summarised the importance of the composition.[2]

Dora Maar Au Chat presents the artist’s most mysterious and challenging mistress regally posed three-quarter length in a large wooden chair with a small black cat perched behind her in both an amusing and menacing attitude. The faceted planes of her body and richly layered surface of brushstrokes impart a monumental and sculptural quality to this dazzling portrait. The painting is also remarkable for its brilliance of color and the complex and dense patterning of the model’s dress. The powerful figure is set in a dramatic, yet simple setting composed of a vertiginously inclined plane of wooden floorboards and shallow interior space that is arranged in a manner reminiscent of Picasso’s earliest manipulations of space in a Cubist manner.

Significance and legacy

[edit]

Charles Moffett, Vice Chairman of Sotheby's, remarked on the painting's significance.[2]

Dora Maar with Cat is unquestionably one of Picasso's most extraordinary portrayals of the woman who for nearly a decade was his muse, model, and lover. An accomplished photographer who was close to key members of the Surrealist circle, Maar appealed deeply to Picasso because of her arresting and wild beauty, engaging intellect, and commitment as an artist. As Brigitte Léal has observed with regard to the portraits of Dora Maar that Picasso painted in the early 1940s, ‘...they embody the height of modern beauty as [André] Breton envisioned it, based on the principle of vital disorder, which the figure of Dora Maar, in her extreme mutability, her real, spiritual restlessness, will forever incarnate’.

Provenance

[edit]

Pierre Colle of Paris acquired the painting in 1946. The painting was then obtained by Chicago collectors Leigh and Mary Block in 1947. They sold the painting in 1963. After that, the painting was never seen in public until the 21st century.[4]

During 2005 and 2006, Dora Maar au Chat, then owned by the Gidwitz family of Chicago, was shown worldwide as part of Sotheby's exhibitions in London, Hong Kong, and New York. It came up for sale in an auction held at Sotheby's on 3 May 2006 in New York, making it the second-highest price ever paid for a painting at auction at the time. An anonymous Russian bidder who was present at the auction won the work with a final bid of $95,216,000, well exceeding the pre-auction estimate of $50 million.[5][6] The identity of the bidder, who also purchased an 1883 Monet seascape and a 1978 Chagall, was a topic of much speculation. The winning buyer is listed as Georgian businessman and billionaire Bidzina Ivanishvili.[7]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Rutten, Michel (July 9, 2019). "The Surrealistic World of Dora Maar". Daily Art Magazine. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Pablo Picasso Portrait of Dora Maar Could Bring $50 Million at May 3 Sotheby's Auction". News Antique. December 17, 2006. Archived from the original on May 20, 2006. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  3. ^ Cecilia, Lopena (April 25, 2012). "PABLO PICASSO DORA MAAR AU CHAT Oil on canvas 1941". Academia. Retrieved December 4, 2020.[permanent dead link‍]
  4. ^ "Pablo Picasso DORA MAAR AU CHAT Estimate 50,000,000 — 70,000,000 USD". Sotherbys. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  5. ^ "Mystery Bidder Spends $95 Million on a Picasso", Carol Vogel, New York Times, May 4, 2006.
  6. ^ "Pablo Picasso Portrait of Dora Maar brings $95,216,000 at Sotheby's" Archived March 1, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, News-Antique.com, May 4, 2006.
  7. ^ "Bidzina Ivanishvili – a billionaire goes into politics". OBC Transeuropa. November 8, 2011. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
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