Jim Folsom Jr.: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|American politician (born 1949)}} |
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{{Infobox officeholder |
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|image = Jim Folsom Jr..jpg |
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|birth_name = James Elisha Folsom Jr. |
|birth_name = James Elisha Folsom Jr. |
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|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|5|14}} |
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|5|14}} |
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|birth_place = [[Montgomery, |
|birth_place = [[Montgomery, Alabama]], U.S. |
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|death_date = |
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|death_place = |
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|spouse = Marsha Guthrie |
|spouse = Marsha Guthrie |
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|alma_mater = [[Jacksonville State University]] |
|alma_mater = [[Jacksonville State University]] |
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|allegiance= |
|allegiance=United States <br/>Alabama |
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|branch=[[Alabama National Guard]] |
|branch=[[Alabama National Guard]] |
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|serviceyears=1968–1970 |
|serviceyears=1968–1970 |
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}} |
}} |
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'''James Elisha Folsom Jr.''' (born May 14, 1949) is an American politician who was the [[List of |
'''James Elisha 'Jim' Folsom Jr.''' (born May 14, 1949) is an American politician who was the [[List of governors of Alabama|50th governor of Alabama]] from April 22, 1993, to January 16, 1995. He has also served as the [[lieutenant governor of Alabama]] on two occasions. He is a member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]]. |
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==Early life and education== |
==Early life and education== |
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Born in [[Montgomery, Alabama]], he is the son of former [[First Lady]] of Alabama [[Jamelle Folsom]] and legendary two-term Alabama Governor [[Jim Folsom|James E. "Big Jim" Folsom Sr.]]<ref name=ma>{{cite news|title=Former Ala. first lady Jamelle Folsom dies at 85 |url=http://www.montgomeryadvertiser.com/viewart/20121202/NEWS02/312020015/Former-Ala-first-lady-Jamelle-Folsom-dies-85 | |
Born in [[Montgomery, Alabama]], he is the son of former [[First Lady]] of Alabama [[Jamelle Folsom]] and legendary two-term Alabama Governor [[Jim Folsom|James E. "Big Jim" Folsom Sr.]]<ref name=ma>{{cite news|title=Former Ala. first lady Jamelle Folsom dies at 85 |url=http://www.montgomeryadvertiser.com/viewart/20121202/NEWS02/312020015/Former-Ala-first-lady-Jamelle-Folsom-dies-85 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |publisher=[[Montgomery Advertiser]] |date=2012-12-02 |access-date=2012-12-30 }}{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jim Folsom Jr. is therefore known as "Little Jim" even though he is well over six feet tall. In 1974, he graduated from [[Jacksonville State University]], where he presently serves as a trustee. |
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==Early career== |
==Early career== |
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During his first run for a political office, he lost the primary to incumbent Democratic Congressman [[Tom Bevill]] by an overwhelming margin. However he was elected to the [[Alabama Public Service Commission]] in 1978. |
During his first run for a political office, he lost the primary to incumbent Democratic Congressman [[Tom Bevill]] by an overwhelming margin. However he was elected to the [[Alabama Public Service Commission]] in 1978. |
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Folsom unlike his father was a moderate-to-conservative Democrat. He won support from groups his father had long opposed, especially a group of conservative business people known as the Big Mules. In 1980, Folsom ran for the U.S. Senate and attacked the incumbent, [[Donald Stewart (Alabama)|Donald W. Stewart]], as being too [[Liberalism|liberal]] for Alabama and called him a "puppet of the great Washington power structure." Although Stewart outspent Folsom $500,000 to $75,000, he very narrowly missed winning a majority in the primary and Folsom won the runoff. |
Folsom unlike his father was a moderate-to-conservative Democrat. He won support from groups his father had long opposed, especially a group of conservative business people known as the Big Mules. In 1980, Folsom ran for the U.S. Senate and attacked the incumbent, [[Donald Stewart (Alabama)|Donald W. Stewart]], as being too [[Liberalism|liberal]] for Alabama and called him a "puppet of the great Washington power structure." Although Stewart outspent Folsom $500,000 to $75,000, he very narrowly missed winning a majority in the primary and Folsom won the runoff.<ref>Alan Abramowitz, Jeffrey Allan Segal, ''Senate Elections. First thorough study of modern elections to the U.S. Senate'', University of Michigan Press, 1992, {{ISBN|0-472-08192-6}}, {{ISBN|978-0-472-08192-9}}</ref> In the general election, Folsom lost by a narrow margin to [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[Jeremiah Denton]], who was aided by the [[Ronald Reagan]] landslide, which helped Republican candidates across the country. |
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Folsom was re-elected to the Alabama Public Service Commission in 1982. |
Folsom was re-elected to the Alabama Public Service Commission in 1982. |
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James Folsom was elected Alabama [[Lieutenant Governor]] and served from January 19, 1987 to April 22, 1993 (being re-elected in 1990). During both terms, as a matter of law, Folsom was also President and Presiding Officer of the [[Alabama State Senate]]. He served under Governor [[H. Guy Hunt]], the first Republican Alabama Governor since Reconstruction. Hunt and Folsom also happen to be from the same ([[Cullman County, Alabama|Cullman]]) county. Folsom also was a member of the National Association of Lieutenant Governors. |
James Folsom was elected Alabama [[Lieutenant Governor]] and served from January 19, 1987, to April 22, 1993 (being re-elected in 1990). During both terms, as a matter of law, Folsom was also President and Presiding Officer of the [[Alabama State Senate]]. He served under Governor [[H. Guy Hunt]], the first Republican Alabama Governor since Reconstruction. Hunt and Folsom also happen to be from the same ([[Cullman County, Alabama|Cullman]]) county. Folsom also was a member of the National Association of Lieutenant Governors. |
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==Governorship== |
==Governorship== |
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In 1993, Hunt was convicted of state ethics law violations regarding the funding of Hunt's second inaugural ceremonies. Like most states, [[Constitution of Alabama|Alabama's constitution]] prohibits convicted felons from serving in office. As a result, Hunt was forced to resign on April 22, 1993 and Folsom automatically became governor. |
In 1993, Hunt was convicted of state ethics law violations regarding the funding of Hunt's second inaugural ceremonies. Like most states, [[Constitution of Alabama|Alabama's constitution]] prohibits convicted felons from serving in office. As a result, Hunt was forced to resign on April 22, 1993, and Folsom automatically became governor. |
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Only weeks after Folsom assumed the office, state officials were approached by [[Mercedes-Benz]] about the possibility of locating its first manufacturing plant outside its native Germany in Alabama. Over the following months, Folsom led Alabama's efforts to recruit the facility, culminating in an October 1993 announcement that Alabama had beaten 30 other states for the coveted facility. The prestige of the Mercedes plant opened the door for future automotive plants to locate in the state.<ref>"Mercedes Picks State for Plant," ''The Huntsville Times'', September 29, 1993, p. A1</ref> |
Only weeks after Folsom assumed the office, state officials were approached by [[Mercedes-Benz]] about the possibility of locating its first manufacturing plant outside its native Germany in Alabama. Over the following months, Folsom led Alabama's efforts to recruit the facility, culminating in an October 1993 announcement that Alabama had beaten 30 other states for the coveted facility. The prestige of the Mercedes plant opened the door for future automotive plants to locate in the state.<ref>"Mercedes Picks State for Plant," ''The Huntsville Times'', September 29, 1993, p. A1</ref> |
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Within six days after taking office Governor Folsom ordered the removal of the [[Confederate flag]] from the state capitol to a memorial.<ref>"Rebel Flag Could Have Cost State Mercedes Plant," ''The Huntsville Times'', October 2, 1993, p.A2</ref> His ''de facto'' Chief of Staff was his longtime friend and confidant, Charlie Waldrep, an attorney at Waldrep, Stewart & Kendrick, LLC. Governor Folsom also appointed a number of African Americans and women to his staff.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1503 |title=James E. Folsom Jr. (1993–95) |publisher=Encyclopedia of Alabama |access-date=September 4, 2010}}</ref> |
Within six days after taking office Governor Folsom ordered the removal of the [[Confederate flag]] from the state capitol to a memorial.<ref>"Rebel Flag Could Have Cost State Mercedes Plant," ''The Huntsville Times'', October 2, 1993, p.A2</ref> His ''de facto'' Chief of Staff was his longtime friend and confidant, Charlie Waldrep, an attorney at Waldrep, Stewart & Kendrick, LLC. Governor Folsom also appointed a number of African Americans and women to his staff.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1503 |title=James E. Folsom Jr. (1993–95) |publisher=Encyclopedia of Alabama |access-date=September 4, 2010}}</ref> |
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In [[Alabama gubernatorial election, 1994|1994]], he ran for a full four-year term in his own right. Although some regarded Folsom as a popular |
In [[Alabama gubernatorial election, 1994|1994]], he ran for a full four-year term in his own right. Although some regarded Folsom as a popular governor, three candidates challenged him in the Democratic primary, the most serious being [[Paul Hubbert]], the executive secretary of the [[Alabama Education Association]] and nominee for governor in 1990. Folsom after a fierce and sometimes nasty primary, fended off Hubbert's challenge with 54% of the vote. But Hubbert's primary challenge damaged Folsom, who in the General Election, was narrowly defeated by former Democratic Governor [[Fob James]], who was running as a Republican. Even though 1994 was a tough year for Democrats and that Folsom was facing a popular former governor in James and had spent a lot of money to win his primary against Hubbert, the result was narrow. In fact, Folsom lost by less than 10,000 votes or 49.7%-50.3% to James. |
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Compared to other prominent Democratic incumbent Governors who lost that year such as [[Ann Richards]] in Texas, [[Bruce King]] in New Mexico, and [[Mario Cuomo]] in New York, Folsom ran much more strongly they did. He also ran stronger than Democratic nominees in other Southern states with |
Compared to other prominent Democratic incumbent Governors who lost that year such as [[Ann Richards]] in Texas, [[Bruce King]] in New Mexico, and [[Mario Cuomo]] in New York, Folsom ran much more strongly than they did. He also ran stronger than Democratic nominees in other Southern states with governor's races, such as [[Phil Bredesen]] in Tennessee (who eventually was elected there in 2002), [[Jack Mildren]] in Oklahoma, and [[Nick Theodore]] in South Carolina. |
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==Post-governorship and return to politics== |
==Post-governorship and return to politics== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Commons category}} |
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070218080744/http://www.ltgov.state.al.us/ Office of the Lt. Governor] ''official government site'' |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070218080744/http://www.ltgov.state.al.us/ Office of the Lt. Governor] ''official government site'' |
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*[http://www.folsom2010.com/ Jim Folsom for Lt. Governor] ''official campaign site'' |
*[http://www.folsom2010.com/ Jim Folsom for Lt. Governor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612190326/http://www.folsom2010.com/ |date=June 12, 2019 }} ''official campaign site'' |
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*[http://www.c-spanvideo.org/jimfolsom Appearances] on [[C-SPAN]] programs |
*[http://www.c-spanvideo.org/jimfolsom Appearances] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010155805/http://www.c-spanvideo.org/jimfolsom |date=October 10, 2012 }} on [[C-SPAN]] programs |
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*[http://www.archives.state.al.us/govs_list/g_folsoj.html Alabama Governor James Elisha Folsom Jr.] government profile |
*[http://www.archives.state.al.us/govs_list/g_folsoj.html Alabama Governor James Elisha Folsom Jr.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160504040458/http://www.archives.state.al.us/govs_list/g_folsoj.html |date=May 4, 2016 }} government profile |
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*[http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1503 Profile] at the Encyclopedia of Alabama |
*[http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1503 Profile] at the Encyclopedia of Alabama |
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070217012713/http://www.legislature.state.al.us/senate/senators/senatebios/folsom_j.html Biography] at the Alabama Senate |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070217012713/http://www.legislature.state.al.us/senate/senators/senatebios/folsom_j.html Biography] at the Alabama Senate |
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*[http://www.aladems.org Alabama Democratic Party] |
*[http://www.aladems.org Alabama Democratic Party] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050324030722/http://aladems.org/ |date=March 24, 2005 }} |
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee for [[United States Senator|U.S. Senator]] from [[Alabama]]<br>([[Classes of United States Senators|Class 1]])|years=[[United States Senate election in Alabama |
{{s-ttl|title=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee for [[United States Senator|U.S. Senator]] from [[Alabama]]<br>([[Classes of United States Senators|Class 1]])|years=[[1980 United States Senate election in Alabama|1980]]}} |
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{{s-bef|before=[[Bill Baxley]]}} |
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee for [[List of lieutenant governors of Alabama|Lieutenant Governor of Alabama]]|years=[[Alabama gubernatorial election |
{{s-ttl|title=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee for [[List of lieutenant governors of Alabama|Lieutenant Governor of Alabama]]|years=[[1986 Alabama gubernatorial election|1986]], [[1990 Alabama gubernatorial election|1990]]}} |
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{{s-bef|before=[[Paul Hubbert]]}} |
{{s-bef|before=[[Paul Hubbert]]}} |
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee for [[Governor of Alabama]]|years=[[Alabama gubernatorial election |
{{s-ttl|title=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee for [[Governor of Alabama]]|years=[[1994 Alabama gubernatorial election|1994]]}} |
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{{s-bef|before=[[Lucy Baxley]]}} |
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee for [[List of lieutenant governors of Alabama|Lieutenant Governor of Alabama]]|years=[[Alabama gubernatorial election |
{{s-ttl|title=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee for [[List of lieutenant governors of Alabama|Lieutenant Governor of Alabama]]|years=[[2006 Alabama gubernatorial election|2006]], [[2010 Alabama gubernatorial election|2010]]}} |
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{{s-aft|after=[[James C. Fields|James Fields]]}} |
{{s-aft|after=[[James C. Fields|James Fields]]}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Folsom, James E. Jr.}} |
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[[Category:1949 births]] |
[[Category:1949 births]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Episcopalians from Alabama]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Democratic Party governors of Alabama]] |
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[[Category:Democratic Party state governors of the United States]] |
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[[Category:Folsom family of Alabama]] |
[[Category:Folsom family of Alabama]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Lieutenant governors of Alabama]] |
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[[Category:Lieutenant Governors of Alabama]] |
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[[Category:Living people]] |
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[[Category:People from Cullman, Alabama]] |
[[Category:People from Cullman, Alabama]] |
Latest revision as of 23:09, 30 November 2024
Jim Folsom Jr. | |
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50th Governor of Alabama | |
In office April 22, 1993 – January 16, 1995 | |
Lieutenant | Vacant |
Preceded by | Guy Hunt |
Succeeded by | Fob James |
25th and 29th Lieutenant Governor of Alabama | |
In office January 15, 2007 – January 17, 2011 | |
Governor | Bob Riley |
Preceded by | Lucy Baxley |
Succeeded by | Kay Ivey |
In office January 19, 1987 – April 22, 1993 | |
Governor | Guy Hunt |
Preceded by | Bill Baxley |
Succeeded by | Don Siegelman |
Personal details | |
Born | James Elisha Folsom Jr. May 14, 1949 Montgomery, Alabama, U.S. |
Political party | Democratic |
Spouse | Marsha Guthrie |
Alma mater | Jacksonville State University |
Military service | |
Allegiance | United States Alabama |
Branch/service | Alabama National Guard |
Years of service | 1968–1970 |
James Elisha 'Jim' Folsom Jr. (born May 14, 1949) is an American politician who was the 50th governor of Alabama from April 22, 1993, to January 16, 1995. He has also served as the lieutenant governor of Alabama on two occasions. He is a member of the Democratic Party.
Early life and education
[edit]Born in Montgomery, Alabama, he is the son of former First Lady of Alabama Jamelle Folsom and legendary two-term Alabama Governor James E. "Big Jim" Folsom Sr.[1] Jim Folsom Jr. is therefore known as "Little Jim" even though he is well over six feet tall. In 1974, he graduated from Jacksonville State University, where he presently serves as a trustee.
Early career
[edit]During his first run for a political office, he lost the primary to incumbent Democratic Congressman Tom Bevill by an overwhelming margin. However he was elected to the Alabama Public Service Commission in 1978.
Folsom unlike his father was a moderate-to-conservative Democrat. He won support from groups his father had long opposed, especially a group of conservative business people known as the Big Mules. In 1980, Folsom ran for the U.S. Senate and attacked the incumbent, Donald W. Stewart, as being too liberal for Alabama and called him a "puppet of the great Washington power structure." Although Stewart outspent Folsom $500,000 to $75,000, he very narrowly missed winning a majority in the primary and Folsom won the runoff.[2] In the general election, Folsom lost by a narrow margin to Republican Jeremiah Denton, who was aided by the Ronald Reagan landslide, which helped Republican candidates across the country.
Folsom was re-elected to the Alabama Public Service Commission in 1982.
James Folsom was elected Alabama Lieutenant Governor and served from January 19, 1987, to April 22, 1993 (being re-elected in 1990). During both terms, as a matter of law, Folsom was also President and Presiding Officer of the Alabama State Senate. He served under Governor H. Guy Hunt, the first Republican Alabama Governor since Reconstruction. Hunt and Folsom also happen to be from the same (Cullman) county. Folsom also was a member of the National Association of Lieutenant Governors.
Governorship
[edit]In 1993, Hunt was convicted of state ethics law violations regarding the funding of Hunt's second inaugural ceremonies. Like most states, Alabama's constitution prohibits convicted felons from serving in office. As a result, Hunt was forced to resign on April 22, 1993, and Folsom automatically became governor.
Only weeks after Folsom assumed the office, state officials were approached by Mercedes-Benz about the possibility of locating its first manufacturing plant outside its native Germany in Alabama. Over the following months, Folsom led Alabama's efforts to recruit the facility, culminating in an October 1993 announcement that Alabama had beaten 30 other states for the coveted facility. The prestige of the Mercedes plant opened the door for future automotive plants to locate in the state.[3]
Within six days after taking office Governor Folsom ordered the removal of the Confederate flag from the state capitol to a memorial.[4] His de facto Chief of Staff was his longtime friend and confidant, Charlie Waldrep, an attorney at Waldrep, Stewart & Kendrick, LLC. Governor Folsom also appointed a number of African Americans and women to his staff.[5]
In 1994, he ran for a full four-year term in his own right. Although some regarded Folsom as a popular governor, three candidates challenged him in the Democratic primary, the most serious being Paul Hubbert, the executive secretary of the Alabama Education Association and nominee for governor in 1990. Folsom after a fierce and sometimes nasty primary, fended off Hubbert's challenge with 54% of the vote. But Hubbert's primary challenge damaged Folsom, who in the General Election, was narrowly defeated by former Democratic Governor Fob James, who was running as a Republican. Even though 1994 was a tough year for Democrats and that Folsom was facing a popular former governor in James and had spent a lot of money to win his primary against Hubbert, the result was narrow. In fact, Folsom lost by less than 10,000 votes or 49.7%-50.3% to James.
Compared to other prominent Democratic incumbent Governors who lost that year such as Ann Richards in Texas, Bruce King in New Mexico, and Mario Cuomo in New York, Folsom ran much more strongly than they did. He also ran stronger than Democratic nominees in other Southern states with governor's races, such as Phil Bredesen in Tennessee (who eventually was elected there in 2002), Jack Mildren in Oklahoma, and Nick Theodore in South Carolina.
Post-governorship and return to politics
[edit]In 2006, Folsom reentered state politics, running again as the Democratic nominee for lieutenant governor. He won the Democratic nomination unopposed, and in the general election, he narrowly defeated Republican lawyer Luther Strange for a third, nonconsecutive four-year term. Folsom is the longest-serving lieutenant governor in Alabama history with 10 years of service; his third term ended on January 17, 2011.
Folsom endorsed former U.S. Senator Bill Bradley of New Jersey in the 2000 Democratic presidential primaries, Governor of Vermont Howard Dean in 2004 Democratic presidential primaries, and U.S. Senator and future President Barack Obama of Illinois in the 2008 Democratic presidential primaries. In 2016, he was a strong supporter of former Governor of Maryland Martin O'Malley for president.[6]
He announced on April 1, 2009, that he would seek re-election as lieutenant governor in 2010 rather than run for the Democratic nomination for governor.[7] On November 2, 2010, Folsom was defeated by three percentage points in his re-election bid for a fourth term by the Republican nominee, Kay Ivey. Folsom explored a potential 2018 bid for governor.
Folsom is married to the former Marsha Guthrie. They have two children. He is an Episcopalian.
Electoral history
[edit]Democratic primary for the U.S. House of Representatives – AL 4th district, 1976
- Tom Bevill (Inc.) – 90,168 (80.87%)
- Jim Folsom Jr. – 21,335 (19.13%)
Democratic primary for the United States Senate, 1980
- Donald W. Stewart (Inc.) – 222,540 (48.63%)
- Jim Folsom Jr. – 163,196 (35.67%)
- Finis St. John – 51,260 (11.20%)
- Margaret E. Stewart – 20,582 (4.50%)
Democratic runoff for the United States Senate, 1980
- Jim Folsom Jr. – 204,186 (50.60%)
- Donald W. Stewart – 199,365 (49.40%)
United States Senate election in Alabama, 1980
- Jeremiah Denton (R) – 650,363 (50.15%)
- Jim Folsom Jr. (D) – 610,175 (47.05%)
Democratic primary for lieutenant governor, 1986
- Jim Folsom Jr. – 331,527 (37.72%)
- John Teague – 277,899 (31.62%)
- Hinton Mitchem – 203,112 (23.11%)
- Melba Till Allen – 66,439 (7.56%)
Democratic runoff for lieutenant governor, 1986
- Jim Folsom Jr. – 517,724 (57.49%)
- John Teague – 382,836 (42.51
Election for lieutenant governor, 1986
- Jim Folsom Jr. (D) – 726,111 (61.85%)
- Don McGriff (R) – 447,978 (38.16%)
Democratic primary for lieutenant governor, 1990
- Jim Folsom Jr. (Inc.) – 510,814 (80.87%)
- William McKinley Branch – 120,861 (19.13%)
Election for lieutenant governor, 1990
- Jim Folsom Jr. (D) (Inc.) – 768,988 (67.33%)
- Bob McKee (R) – 373,072 (32.67%)
Democratic primary for governor, 1994
- Jim Folsom Jr. (Inc.) – 380,227 (54.04%)
- Paul R. Hubbert – 285,554 (40.59%)
- Margaret E. Stewart – 24,254 (3.45%)
- Tom Hayden – 13,532 (1.92%)
Alabama gubernatorial election, 1994
- Fob James (R) – 604,926 (50.33%)
- Jim Folsom Jr. (D) (Inc.) – 594,169 (49.43%)
Democratic primary for lieutenant governor, 2006
- Jim Folsom Jr. – unopposed
Election for lieutenant governor, 2006
- Jim Folsom Jr. (D) – 629,268 (50.61%)
- Luther Strange (R) – 610,982 (49.14%)
- Write-in candidates – 3,029 (0.24%)
Election for lieutenant governor, 2010
- Kay Ivey (R) – 764,112 (51.47%)
- Jim Folsom Jr. (D) – 718,636 (48.40%)
- Write-in candidates – 1,945 (0.13%)
References
[edit]- ^ "Former Ala. first lady Jamelle Folsom dies at 85". Montgomery Advertiser. Associated Press. December 2, 2012. Retrieved December 30, 2012.[permanent dead link ]
- ^ Alan Abramowitz, Jeffrey Allan Segal, Senate Elections. First thorough study of modern elections to the U.S. Senate, University of Michigan Press, 1992, ISBN 0-472-08192-6, ISBN 978-0-472-08192-9
- ^ "Mercedes Picks State for Plant," The Huntsville Times, September 29, 1993, p. A1
- ^ "Rebel Flag Could Have Cost State Mercedes Plant," The Huntsville Times, October 2, 1993, p.A2
- ^ "James E. Folsom Jr. (1993–95)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Retrieved September 4, 2010.
- ^ Our Campaigns – Candidate – Folsom, Jr., James E. "Jim"
- ^ "Folsom won't run for governor in '10 | al.com". Blog.al.com. April 1, 2009. Retrieved September 4, 2010.
External links
[edit]- Office of the Lt. Governor official government site
- Jim Folsom for Lt. Governor Archived June 12, 2019, at the Wayback Machine official campaign site
- Appearances Archived October 10, 2012, at the Wayback Machine on C-SPAN programs
- Alabama Governor James Elisha Folsom Jr. Archived May 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine government profile
- Profile at the Encyclopedia of Alabama
- Biography at the Alabama Senate
- Alabama Democratic Party Archived March 24, 2005, at the Wayback Machine