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Coordinates: 37°40′52″N 122°07′28″W / 37.68111°N 122.12444°W / 37.68111; -122.12444
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{{Short description|Unincorporated community in California, United States}}
{{For|the San Lorenzo Valley, a region of Santa Cruz County, California|San Lorenzo Valley}}
{{For|the San Lorenzo Valley, a region of Santa Cruz County, California|San Lorenzo Valley}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}

{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = San Lorenzo
|official_name = San Lorenzo
|settlement_type = [[census-designated place|CDP]]
|settlement_type = [[Census-designated place]]
|image_skyline = IMAG3071-san-lorenzo.jpg
|image_skyline = IMAG3071-san-lorenzo.jpg
|imagesize =
|imagesize =
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|url=http://senate.ca.gov/senators
|url=http://senate.ca.gov/senators
|title=Senators
|title=Senators
|accessdate=March 18, 2013
|access-date=March 18, 2013
|publisher=State of California}}</ref>
|publisher=State of California}}</ref>
|leader_title1 = [[California's 20th State Assembly district|State&nbsp;Assembly]]
|leader_title1 = [[California's 20th State Assembly district|State&nbsp;Assembly]]
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|url=http://assembly.ca.gov/assemblymembers
|url=http://assembly.ca.gov/assemblymembers
|title=Members Assembly
|title=Members Assembly
|accessdate=March 18, 2013
|access-date=March 18, 2013
|publisher=State of California}}</ref>
|publisher=State of California}}</ref>
|leader_title2 = [[California's 15th congressional district|U. S. Congress]]
|leader_title2 = [[California's 14th congressional district|U. S. Congress]]
|leader_name2 = {{Representative|cacd|15|fmt=usleader}}<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|15|accessdate=March 13, 2013}}</ref>
|leader_name2 = {{Representative|cacd|14|fmt=usleader}}<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|14|access-date=March 13, 2013}}</ref>
|established_date =
|established_date =
<!-- Area------------------>
<!-- Area------------------>
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|elevation_ft = 36
|elevation_ft = 36
|elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite GNIS|1659583|San Lorenzo}}</ref>
|elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite GNIS|1659583|San Lorenzo}}</ref>
|population_as_of = 2010
|population_as_of = 2020
|population_footnotes = <ref name="CensusQuickFacts">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: San Lorenzo CDP, California|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/sanlorenzocdpcalifornia|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=September 26, 2021}}</ref>
|population_footnotes =
|population_total = 23452
|population_total = 29581
|population_metro =
|population_metro =
|population_density_sq_mi = auto
|population_density_sq_mi = auto
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|blank1_info = {{GNIS4|232433}}, {{GNIS4|1659583}}, {{GNIS4|2409260}}
|blank1_info = {{GNIS4|232433}}, {{GNIS4|1659583}}, {{GNIS4|2409260}}
}}
}}
'''San Lorenzo''', also known as '''San Lorenzo Village''', is a [[census-designated place|census-designated place (CDP)]] located in the [[East Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)|East Bay]] of the [[San Francisco Bay Area]] in [[Alameda County, California|Alameda County]], [[California]], United States. The population was 23,452 at the 2010 census. It is an [[Unincorporated area|unincorporated community]], located at the banks of [[San Lorenzo Creek]]. It was originally named '''Squattersville''' in 1851, but later renamed to San Lorenzo.<ref>Capace, Nancy (1999). ''Encyclopedia of California''. North American Book Dist LLC. Page 414. {{ISBN|9780403093182}}.</ref>
'''San Lorenzo''' ([[Spanish language|Spanish]] for "[[Saint Lawrence|Saint Laurence]]") is a [[census-designated place|census-designated place (CDP)]] located in the [[East Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)|East Bay]] of the [[San Francisco Bay Area]] in [[Alameda County, California|Alameda County]], [[California]], United States. The population was 29,581 at the 2020 census.<ref name="CensusQuickFacts" /> It is an [[Unincorporated area|unincorporated community]], located at the banks of [[San Lorenzo Creek]]. It was originally named ''Squattersville'' in 1851, but later renamed to San Lorenzo.<ref>Capace, Nancy (1999). ''Encyclopedia of California''. North American Book Dist LLC. Page 414. {{ISBN|9780403093182}}.</ref>


In 1944, under contract to the U.S. Navy, The David D. Bohannon Company began construction of San Lorenzo Village, which was one of the nation's first planned communities, with parcels designated for schools, churches, parks, and several retail centers. Bohannon's pioneering pre-cutting techniques, referred to as the "California method," were used in later developments, such as the more famous Levittown, Pennsylvania.
In 1944, under contract to the U.S. Navy, The David D. Bohannon Company began construction of San Lorenzo Village, which was one of the nation's first planned communities, with parcels designated for schools, churches, parks, and several retail centers. Bohannon's pioneering pre-cutting techniques, referred to as the "California method,"<ref name=nps>{{cite journal|last=Hope|first=Andrew|date=Summer 2005|title=Evaluating the Significance of San Lorenzo Village, A Mid-20th Century Suburban Community|url=https://www.nps.gov/crps/CRMJournal/Summer2005/Summer2005.pdf|journal=CRM: The Journal of Heritage Stewardship |volume=2|issue=2|pages=53|access-date=2024-03-02}}</ref> were used in later developments, such as the more famous Levittown, Pennsylvania.

⚫
== History ==
⚫
[[File:Don Guillermo Castro (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|upright|San Lorenzo is named after [[Rancho San Lorenzo (Castro)|Rancho San Lorenzo]], a vast estate granted in 1841 to Don [[Guillermo Castro (soldier)|Guillermo Castro]], a noted [[Californio]] ranchero.]]
⚫
San Lorenzo is located on the route of [[El Camino Viejo]] on land of the former [[Rancho San Lorenzo (Castro)|Rancho San Lorenzo]], a Mexican land grant given to [[Guillermo Castro (soldier)|Guillermo Castro]] in 1841, and the former [[Rancho San Leandro]], granted to [[José Joaquin Estudillo]] in 1842.<ref>Ogden Hoffman, 1862, ''Reports of Land Cases Determined in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California'', Numa Hubert, San Francisco</ref>

⚫
Early residents during the [[California Gold Rush]] era lived here as [[squatter]]s along the border between Rancho San Lorenzo and Rancho San Leandro.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~21348~630074:-Contents-to--Official-and-historic|title=Contents: Alameda County atlas map. - David Rumsey Historical Map Collection|website=www.davidrumsey.com|access-date=2018-01-08}}</ref> The informal name given to the area was Squatterville.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sanlorenzoheritage.org|title=San Lorenzo, California History|website=www.sanlorenzoheritage.org|access-date=2018-01-08}}</ref>

⚫
The first post office opened in San Lorenzo in 1854.<ref name=CGN>{{California's Geographic Names|696}}</ref>

⚫
Many of the early inhabitants are buried in San Lorenzo Pioneer Cemetery, including Moses Wicks, who brought [[San Leandro Oyster Beds|oysters to San Leandro Bay]] from Patchogue, Long Island.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ohp.parks.ca.gov/ListedResources/Detail/824|title=SAN LEANDRO OYSTER BEDS|last=California|first=California State Parks, State of|website=CA State Parks|language=en|access-date=2018-01-08}}</ref> The cemetery is maintained by the county and the [[Hayward Area Historical Society]].

⚫
San Lorenzo was mostly farmland, a significant center of production of fruit and flowers, from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century.

⚫
In 1944, under contract to the U.S. Navy, The David D. Bohannon Company began construction of San Lorenzo Village, a tract of two- and three-bedroom homes for workers in the East Bay's war industries. San Lorenzo Village was one of the nation's first planned communities, with parcels designated for schools, churches, parks, and several retail centers. Bohannon's pioneering pre-cutting techniques, referred to as the "California method," were used in later developments, such as the more famous [[Levittown, Pennsylvania]]. Home construction continued into the 1950s to accommodate the region's booming population.

⚫
San Lorenzo Village housing project launched as the largest privately financed housing project on the West Coast during WWII. San Lorenzo Shopping Center became one of the country's first planned community shopping centers and was home to the first Mervyn's Department Store.

⚫
=== Segregation ===
⚫
The original San Lorenzo Village homes were restricted to white owners, and re-sale of homes were limited to white owners through racially restrictive covenants on property deeds.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Rothstein|first=Richard|title=The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America|year=2017|isbn=978-1-63149-285-3|edition=First|location=New York|pages=115–116|oclc=959808903}}</ref> "Sales brochures in the early to mid-1950s [...] assured prospective buyers that the village was "a safe investment" because "farsighted protective restrictions ... permanently safeguard your investment."" <ref name=":0" /> These restrictions, among others around fencing and house colors, were enforced by the San Lorenzo Village Association.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Stiles|first=Elaine B.|date=2015|title=Every Lot a Garden Spot: "Big Dave" Bohannon and the Making of San Lorenzo Village|url=http://www.sanlorenzoheritage.org/history/stiles.htm|access-date=2020-09-07|website=www.sanlorenzoheritage.org}}</ref>

⚫
Legal enforcement of such covenants was deemed to violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment by the Supreme Court in ''[[Shelley v. Kraemer]]'' (1948), meaning that while parties could choose to abide by the covenants, they could no longer be legally used to prevent non-white persons from buying properties with such restrictions. As a general note, without specific reference to San Lorenzo, after ''Shelley'', homeowners associations still would bar non-white owners by requiring membership in the association before buying property, and federal and state governments refused to enforce the ''Shelley'' decision.<ref>Moore, Eli, et al. Haas Institute for a Fair and Inclusive Society, 2019, ''Roots, Race, and Place: A History of Racially Exclusionary Housing in the San Francisco Bay Area'', https://escholarship.org/content/qt2j08r197/qt2j08r197_noSplash_eecbec55456f21df8cb302a7b292855a.pdf?t=qc30qt</ref> In San Lorenzo, the black population remained under one-half percent in the early 1970s.<ref>Terry Link, “The White Noose: How Racist Federal Policies Put a Stranglehold on the City,” San Francisco, November 1971, 26-56.</ref>

⚫
The language of these restrictions, even if not enforceable, may still be on property deeds.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-02-26|title=For whites only: Shocking language found in property docs throughout Bay Area|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/02/26/for-whites-only-shocking-language-found-in-property-docs-throughout-bay-area/|access-date=2020-09-07|website=The Mercury News|language=en-US}}</ref>


==Geography==
==Geography==
[[File:William Roberts house San Lorenzo, California.jpg|thumb|left|William Roberts House]]
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the CDP has a total area of {{convert|2.8|sqmi|km2}}, of which, {{convert|2.8|sqmi|km2}} is land and 0.24% is water. San Lorenzo Creek runs partly through the town. It is located between the incorporated cities of [[San Leandro]] to the north and [[Hayward, California|Hayward]] to the south.
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the CDP has a total area of {{convert|2.8|sqmi|km2}}, of which, {{convert|2.8|sqmi|km2}} island and 0.24% is water. San Lorenzo Creek runs partly through the town. It is located between the incorporated cities of [[San Leandro]] to the north and [[Hayward, California|Hayward]] to the south.


==Demographics==
==Demographics==


===2010===
===2010===
The [[2010 United States Census]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0668112|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715032936/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0668112|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - San Lorenzo CDP|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=July 12, 2014}}</ref> reported that 23,452 people, 7,425 households, and 5,792 families resided in the CDP. The [[population density]] was 8,487.9 people per square mile (3,276.8/km{{sup|2}}). There were 7,674 housing units at an average density of 2,770.4 per square mile (1,069.7/km{{sup|2}}). The racial makeup of the CDP was 47.4% [[White Americans|White]] (32.4% [[Non-Hispanic whites|non-Hispanic]]), 4.8% [[African Americans|African American]] (4.5% non-Hispanic), 1.0% [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]], 21.6% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.8% [[Pacific Islands Americans|Pacific Islander]], 17.9% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 6.5% from [[Multiracial Americans|two or more races]]. 37.7% of the population was [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] of any race.
The [[2010 United States Census]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0668112|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715032936/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0668112|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - San Lorenzo CDP|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=July 12, 2014}}</ref> reported that 23,452 people, 7,425 households, and 5,792 families resided in the CDP. The population density was {{convert|8,487.9|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 7,674 housing units at an average density of {{convert|2,770.4|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the CDP was 47.4% [[White Americans|White]] (32.4% [[Non-Hispanic whites|non-Hispanic]]), 4.8% [[African Americans|African American]] (4.5% non-Hispanic), 1.0% [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]], 21.6% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.8% [[Pacific Islands Americans|Pacific Islander]], 17.9% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 6.5% from [[Multiracial Americans|two or more races]]. 37.7% of the population was [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] of any race.


The Census reported that 99.7% of the population lived in households and 0.3% lived in non-institutionalized group quarters.
The Census reported that 99.7% of the population lived in households and 0.3% lived in non-institutionalized group quarters.
Line 87: Line 114:


===2000===
===2000===
As of the [[2000 United States Census]],<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> there were 21,898 people, 7,500 households, and 5,677 families residing in the CDP. The [[population density]] was 7,893.4 people per square mile (3,052.3/km{{sup|2}}). There were 7,609 housing units at an average density of 2,742.7 per square mile (1,060.6/km{{sup|2}}).
As of the [[2000 United States Census]],<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> there were 21,898 people, 7,500 households, and 5,677 families residing in the CDP. The population density was {{convert|7,893.4|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 7,609 housing units at an average density of {{convert|2,742.7|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.


There were 7,500 households, out of which 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.1% were married couples living together, 12.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.3% were non-families. 19.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.92 and the average family size was 3.34.
There were 7,500 households, out of which 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.1% were married couples living together, 12.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.3% were non-families. 19.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.92 and the average family size was 3.34.
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== Government ==
== Government ==
San Lorenzo is an unincorporated community and thus is governed directly by the County of Alameda. The area is policed by the [[Alameda County Sheriff's Office]]. The San Lorenzo Village Homes Association home to 5767 single-family homes has been in place since 1945. The Homes Association Board is made up of 5 volunteer homeowners. The San Lorenzo Village Homes Association is the master association to 4 sub homes owners associations.
San Lorenzo is an unincorporated community and thus is governed directly by the County of Alameda. The area is policed by the [[Alameda County Sheriff's Office]]. The San Lorenzo Village Homes Association, home to 5767 single-family homes, has been in place since 1945. The Homes Association Board is made up of five volunteer homeowners. The San Lorenzo Village Homes Association is the master association to four sub homeowners associations.

⚫
== History ==
⚫
[[File:Guillermocastro.jpg|thumb|left|upright|San Lorenzo is named after [[Rancho San Lorenzo]], a vast estate granted in 1841 to Don [[Guillermo Castro|Guillermo Castro]], a noted [[Californio]] ranchero.]]
⚫
San Lorenzo is located on the route of [[El Camino Viejo]] on land of the former [[Rancho San Lorenzo (Castro)|Rancho San Lorenzo]], a Mexican land grant given to [[Guillermo Castro (soldier)|Guillermo Castro]] in 1841, and the former [[Rancho San Leandro]], granted to [[José Joaquin Estudillo]] in 1842.<ref>Ogden Hoffman, 1862, ''Reports of Land Cases Determined in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California'', Numa Hubert, San Francisco</ref>

⚫
Early residents during the [[California Gold Rush]] era lived here as [[squatter]]s along the border between Rancho San Lorenzo and Rancho San Leandro.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~21348~630074:-Contents-to--Official-and-historic|title=Contents: Alameda County atlas map. - David Rumsey Historical Map Collection|website=www.davidrumsey.com|access-date=2018-01-08}}</ref> The informal name given to the area was Squatterville.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sanlorenzoheritage.org|title=San Lorenzo, California History|website=www.sanlorenzoheritage.org|access-date=2018-01-08}}</ref>

⚫
The first post office opened in San Lorenzo in 1854.<ref name=CGN>{{California's Geographic Names|696}}</ref>

⚫
Many of the early inhabitants are buried in San Lorenzo Pioneer Cemetery, including Moses Wicks, who brought [[San Leandro Oyster Beds|oysters to San Leandro Bay]] from Patchogue, Long Island.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ohp.parks.ca.gov/ListedResources/Detail/824|title=SAN LEANDRO OYSTER BEDS|last=California|first=California State Parks, State of|website=CA State Parks|language=en|access-date=2018-01-08}}</ref> The cemetery is maintained by the county and the [[Hayward Area Historical Society]].

⚫
San Lorenzo was mostly farmland, a significant center of production of fruit and flowers, from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century.

⚫
In 1944, under contract to the U.S. Navy, The David D. Bohannon Company began construction of San Lorenzo Village, a tract of two- and three-bedroom homes for workers in the East Bay's war industries. San Lorenzo Village was one of the nation's first planned communities, with parcels designated for schools, churches, parks, and several retail centers. Bohannon's pioneering pre-cutting techniques, referred to as the "California method," were used in later developments, such as the more famous [[Levittown, Pennsylvania]]. Home construction continued into the 1950s to accommodate the region's booming population.

⚫
San Lorenzo Village housing project launched as the largest privately financed housing project on the West Coast during WWII. San Lorenzo Shopping Center became one of the country's first planned community shopping centers and was home to the first Mervyn's Department Store.

⚫
=== Segregation ===
⚫
The original San Lorenzo Village homes were restricted to white owners, and re-sale of homes were limited to white owners through racially restrictive covenants on property deeds.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Rothstein|first=Richard|title=The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America|year=2017|isbn=978-1-63149-285-3|edition=First|location=New York|pages=115–116|oclc=959808903}}</ref> "Sales brochures in the early to mid-1950s [...] assured prospective buyers that the village was "a safe investment" because "farsighted protective restrictions ... permanently safeguard your investment."" <ref name=":0" /> These restrictions, among others around fencing and house colors, were enforced by the San Lorenzo Village Association.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Stiles|first=Elaine B.|date=2015|title=Every Lot a Garden Spot: "Big Dave" Bohannon and the Making of San Lorenzo Village|url=http://www.sanlorenzoheritage.org/history/stiles.htm|access-date=2020-09-07|website=www.sanlorenzoheritage.org}}</ref>

⚫
Legal enforcement of such covenants was deemed to violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment by the Supreme Court in ''[[Shelley v. Kraemer]]'' (1948), meaning that while parties could chose to abide by the covenants, they could no longer be legally used to prevent non-white persons from buying properties with such restrictions. As a general note, without specific reference to San Lorenzo, after ''Shelley'', homeowners associations still would bar non-white owners by requiring membership in the association before buying property, and federal and state governments refused to enforce the ''Shelley'' decision.<ref>Moore, Eli, et al. Haas Institute for a Fair and Inclusive Society, 2019, ''Roots, Race, and Place: A History of Racially Exclusionary Housing in the San Francisco Bay Area'', https://escholarship.org/content/qt2j08r197/qt2j08r197_noSplash_eecbec55456f21df8cb302a7b292855a.pdf?t=qc30qt</ref> In San Lorenzo, the Black population remained under one-half percent in the early 1970s.<ref>Terry Link, “The White Noose: How Racist Federal Policies Put a Stranglehold on the City,” San Francisco, November 1971, 26-56. </ref>

⚫
The language of these restrictions, even if not enforceable, may still be on property deeds.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-02-26|title=For whites only: Shocking language found in property docs throughout Bay Area|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/02/26/for-whites-only-shocking-language-found-in-property-docs-throughout-bay-area/|access-date=2020-09-07|website=The Mercury News|language=en-US}}</ref>


==Public education==
==Public education==
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==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.aclibrary.org/branches/slz/default.asp?topic=SanLorenzo&cat=SLZHome/ San Lorenzo Library]{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [https://aclibrary.org/locations/SLZ/ San Lorenzo Library]
* [http://sanlorenzoexpress.com/ San Lorenzo Express (local news)]
* [http://sanlorenzoexpress.com/ San Lorenzo Express (local news)]
* [http://www.slvha.com/ San Lorenzo Village Homes Association]
* [http://www.slvha.com/ San Lorenzo Village Homes Association]

Latest revision as of 04:28, 1 December 2024

For the San Lorenzo Valley, a region of Santa Cruz County, California, see San Lorenzo Valley.

San Lorenzo
Census-designated place
Location in Alameda County and the state of California
Location in Alameda County and the state of California
San Lorenzo is located in the United States
San Lorenzo
San Lorenzo
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 37°40′52″N 122°07′28″W / 37.68111°N 122.12444°W / 37.68111; -122.12444
Country United States
State California
CountyAlameda
Government
 • State SenateAisha Wahab (D)[1]
 • State AssemblyLiz Ortega (D)[2]
 • U. S. CongressEric Swalwell (D)[3]
Area
[4]
 • Total
2.770 sq mi (7.17 km2)
 • Land2.763 sq mi (7.16 km2)
 • Water0.007 sq mi (0.02 km2)  0.24%
Elevation
[5]
36 ft (11 m)
Population
 (2020)[6]
 • Total
29,581
 • Density11,000/sq mi (4,100/km2)
Time zoneUTC-8 (Pacific (PST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-7 (PDT)
ZIP code
94580
Area code(s)510, 341
FIPS code06-68112
GNIS feature IDs232433, 1659583, 2409260

San Lorenzo (Spanish for "Saint Laurence") is a census-designated place (CDP) located in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area in Alameda County, California, United States. The population was 29,581 at the 2020 census.[6] It is an unincorporated community, located at the banks of San Lorenzo Creek. It was originally named Squattersville in 1851, but later renamed to San Lorenzo.[7]

In 1944, under contract to the U.S. Navy, The David D. Bohannon Company began construction of San Lorenzo Village, which was one of the nation's first planned communities, with parcels designated for schools, churches, parks, and several retail centers. Bohannon's pioneering pre-cutting techniques, referred to as the "California method,"[8] were used in later developments, such as the more famous Levittown, Pennsylvania.

History

[edit]
San Lorenzo is named after Rancho San Lorenzo, a vast estate granted in 1841 to Don Guillermo Castro, a noted Californio ranchero.

San Lorenzo is located on the route of El Camino Viejo on land of the former Rancho San Lorenzo, a Mexican land grant given to Guillermo Castro in 1841, and the former Rancho San Leandro, granted to José Joaquin Estudillo in 1842.[9]

Early residents during the California Gold Rush era lived here as squatters along the border between Rancho San Lorenzo and Rancho San Leandro.[10] The informal name given to the area was Squatterville.[11]

The first post office opened in San Lorenzo in 1854.[12]

Many of the early inhabitants are buried in San Lorenzo Pioneer Cemetery, including Moses Wicks, who brought oysters to San Leandro Bay from Patchogue, Long Island.[13] The cemetery is maintained by the county and the Hayward Area Historical Society.

San Lorenzo was mostly farmland, a significant center of production of fruit and flowers, from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century.

In 1944, under contract to the U.S. Navy, The David D. Bohannon Company began construction of San Lorenzo Village, a tract of two- and three-bedroom homes for workers in the East Bay's war industries. San Lorenzo Village was one of the nation's first planned communities, with parcels designated for schools, churches, parks, and several retail centers. Bohannon's pioneering pre-cutting techniques, referred to as the "California method," were used in later developments, such as the more famous Levittown, Pennsylvania. Home construction continued into the 1950s to accommodate the region's booming population.

San Lorenzo Village housing project launched as the largest privately financed housing project on the West Coast during WWII. San Lorenzo Shopping Center became one of the country's first planned community shopping centers and was home to the first Mervyn's Department Store.

Segregation

[edit]

The original San Lorenzo Village homes were restricted to white owners, and re-sale of homes were limited to white owners through racially restrictive covenants on property deeds.[14] "Sales brochures in the early to mid-1950s [...] assured prospective buyers that the village was "a safe investment" because "farsighted protective restrictions ... permanently safeguard your investment."" [14] These restrictions, among others around fencing and house colors, were enforced by the San Lorenzo Village Association.[15]

Legal enforcement of such covenants was deemed to violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment by the Supreme Court in Shelley v. Kraemer (1948), meaning that while parties could choose to abide by the covenants, they could no longer be legally used to prevent non-white persons from buying properties with such restrictions. As a general note, without specific reference to San Lorenzo, after Shelley, homeowners associations still would bar non-white owners by requiring membership in the association before buying property, and federal and state governments refused to enforce the Shelley decision.[16] In San Lorenzo, the black population remained under one-half percent in the early 1970s.[17]

The language of these restrictions, even if not enforceable, may still be on property deeds.[18]

Geography

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William Roberts House

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.8 square miles (7.3 km2), of which, 2.8 square miles (7.3 km2) island and 0.24% is water. San Lorenzo Creek runs partly through the town. It is located between the incorporated cities of San Leandro to the north and Hayward to the south.

Demographics

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2010

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The 2010 United States Census[19] reported that 23,452 people, 7,425 households, and 5,792 families resided in the CDP. The population density was 8,487.9 inhabitants per square mile (3,277.2/km2). There were 7,674 housing units at an average density of 2,770.4 per square mile (1,069.7/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 47.4% White (32.4% non-Hispanic), 4.8% African American (4.5% non-Hispanic), 1.0% Native American, 21.6% Asian, 0.8% Pacific Islander, 17.9% from other races, and 6.5% from two or more races. 37.7% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race.

The Census reported that 99.7% of the population lived in households and 0.3% lived in non-institutionalized group quarters.

There were 7,425 households, out of which 40.0% had children under the age of 18 living in them, 56.7% were opposite-sex married couples living together, 14.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 6.6% had a male householder with no wife present. 5.1% of households were unmarried opposite-sex partnerships and 0.7% were same-sex married couples or partnerships. 17.3% of households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.15 and the average family size was 3.54.

The population was spread out, with 24.2% under the age of 18, 9.4% aged 18 to 24, 26.9% aged 25 to 44, 26.8% aged 45 to 64, and 12.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.9 males.

There were 7,674 housing units, of which 7,425 were occupied, of which 75.0% were owner-occupied and 25.0% were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.1%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.1%. 73.0% of the population lived in owner-occupied housing units and 26.7% lived in rental housing units.

2000

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As of the 2000 United States Census,[20] there were 21,898 people, 7,500 households, and 5,677 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 7,893.4 inhabitants per square mile (3,047.7/km2). There were 7,609 housing units at an average density of 2,742.7 per square mile (1,059.0/km2).

There were 7,500 households, out of which 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.1% were married couples living together, 12.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.3% were non-families. 19.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.92 and the average family size was 3.34.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 25.2% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 21.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.3 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $66,170, and the median income for a family was $71,787. Males had a median income of $53,626 versus $39,531 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $21,922. About 3.7% of families and 5.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.4% of those under age 18 and 4.2% of those age 65 or over.

Government

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San Lorenzo is an unincorporated community and thus is governed directly by the County of Alameda. The area is policed by the Alameda County Sheriff's Office. The San Lorenzo Village Homes Association, home to 5767 single-family homes, has been in place since 1945. The Homes Association Board is made up of five volunteer homeowners. The San Lorenzo Village Homes Association is the master association to four sub homeowners associations.

Public education

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San Lorenzo is served by the San Lorenzo Unified School District, established in 1865.

References

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  1. ^ "Senators". State of California. Retrieved March 18, 2013.
  2. ^ "Members Assembly". State of California. Retrieved March 18, 2013.
  3. ^ "California's 14th Congressional District - Representatives & District Map". Civic Impulse, LLC. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  4. ^ U.S. Census Archived 2012-07-02 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ "San Lorenzo". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
  6. ^ a b "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: San Lorenzo CDP, California". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
  7. ^ Capace, Nancy (1999). Encyclopedia of California. North American Book Dist LLC. Page 414. ISBN 9780403093182.
  8. ^ Hope, Andrew (Summer 2005). "Evaluating the Significance of San Lorenzo Village, A Mid-20th Century Suburban Community" (PDF). CRM: The Journal of Heritage Stewardship. 2 (2): 53. Retrieved March 2, 2024.
  9. ^ Ogden Hoffman, 1862, Reports of Land Cases Determined in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, Numa Hubert, San Francisco
  10. ^ "Contents: Alameda County atlas map. - David Rumsey Historical Map Collection". www.davidrumsey.com. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
  11. ^ "San Lorenzo, California History". www.sanlorenzoheritage.org. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
  12. ^ Durham, David L. (1998). California's Geographic Names: A Gazetteer of Historic and Modern Names of the State. Clovis, Calif.: Word Dancer Press. p. 696. ISBN 1-884995-14-4.
  13. ^ California, California State Parks, State of. "SAN LEANDRO OYSTER BEDS". CA State Parks. Retrieved January 8, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ a b Rothstein, Richard (2017). The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America (First ed.). New York. pp. 115–116. ISBN 978-1-63149-285-3. OCLC 959808903.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  15. ^ Stiles, Elaine B. (2015). "Every Lot a Garden Spot: "Big Dave" Bohannon and the Making of San Lorenzo Village". www.sanlorenzoheritage.org. Retrieved September 7, 2020.
  16. ^ Moore, Eli, et al. Haas Institute for a Fair and Inclusive Society, 2019, Roots, Race, and Place: A History of Racially Exclusionary Housing in the San Francisco Bay Area, https://escholarship.org/content/qt2j08r197/qt2j08r197_noSplash_eecbec55456f21df8cb302a7b292855a.pdf?t=qc30qt
  17. ^ Terry Link, “The White Noose: How Racist Federal Policies Put a Stranglehold on the City,” San Francisco, November 1971, 26-56.
  18. ^ "For whites only: Shocking language found in property docs throughout Bay Area". The Mercury News. February 26, 2019. Retrieved September 7, 2020.
  19. ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - San Lorenzo CDP". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  20. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
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