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'''Valmiki''' is a name used by a variety of communities throughout India who all claim descent from the author of the ''[[Ramayana]]'', [[Valmiki]]. The Valmikis can be classified as a caste or [[Sampradaya]] (tradition/sect).<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.comVa?id=IEVqCwAAQBAJ|title=Valmiki Hindu Jati|date=19 January 2021|isbn=9789350485668|language=Hindi}}</ref> In the North West Punjab region, this caste had adopted Sikhism. They were given the task of engaging in war. During the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]], many valmiki were prominent freedom fighters. Notable examples include [[Matadin Bhangi]], [[Gangu Baba|Gangu Mehtar]], [[Bhura Singh Valmiki]]. At the present time many changes have been seen in this caste, now they incline towards politics<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-28|title=बैठक: पूर्व मंत्री कृष्ण कुमार बेदी के समर्थन में उतरा वाल्मीकि समाज, आज फिर बुलाई महापंचायत|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/haryana/ambala/kurukshetra/news/valmiki-society-landed-in-support-of-former-minister-krishna-kumar-bedi-called-mahapanchayat-again-today-127855585.html|access-date=2022-02-23|website=Dainik Bhaskar|language=hi}}</ref> and government high positions.
The '''Valmiki'''s are a variety of communities throughout India who all claim descent from the legendary author of the ''[[Ramayana]]'', [[Valmiki]]. The Valmikis can be classified as a [[caste system in India|caste]] or ''[[sampradaya]]'' (tradition/sect).<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.comVa?id=IEVqCwAAQBAJ|title=Valmiki Hindu Jati|date=19 January 2021|isbn=9789350485668|language=Hindi}}</ref>


In the north-west [[Punjab]] region, this caste had adopted Sikhism. During the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]], many Valmiki were prominent rebels. Notable examples include [[Matadin Bhangi]], [[Gangu Baba|Gangu Mehtar]] and [[Bhura Singh Valmiki]]. Caste members now they incline towards politics<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-28|title=बैठक: पूर्व मंत्री कृष्ण कुमार बेदी के समर्थन में उतरा वाल्मीकि समाज, आज फिर बुलाई महापंचायत|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/haryana/ambala/kurukshetra/news/valmiki-society-landed-in-support-of-former-minister-krishna-kumar-bedi-called-mahapanchayat-again-today-127855585.html|access-date=2022-02-23|website=Dainik Bhaskar|language=hi}}</ref> and government high positions.
According to the [[2001 Census of India]], the Valmikis formed 11.2 per cent of the [[Scheduled Caste]] population in [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_punjab.pdf|publisher=Census I |title=Punjab: Data Highlights: The Scheduled Castes |year=2001|access-date=2015-01-05}}</ref> and were the second-most populous Scheduled Caste in [[Delhi|Delhi National Capital Region]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_delhi.pdf|title=Delhi: Data Highlights: The Scheduled Castes |year=2001 |publisher=Census India|access-date=2015-01-05 |page=1}}</ref><ref>Leslie, J.(2003) Authority and Meaning in Indian Religions: Hinduism and the Case of Valmiki. Ashgate publishing their favorite weapon is karha . {{ISBN|0754634302}}</ref>{{page needed|date=April 2020}}
The [[2011 Census of India]] for [[Uttar Pradesh]] showed the Valmiki population, which was classified as a Scheduled Caste, as 1,319,241.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/SC_ST/PCA-A10/SC-0900-PCA-A-10-ddw.xlsx |title= A-10 Individual Scheduled Caste Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix - Uttar Pradesh |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=2017-02-04}}</ref>


According to the [[2001 Census of India]], the Valmikis formed 11.2 per cent of the [[Scheduled Caste]] population in the Indian state of [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_punjab.pdf|publisher=Census I |title=Punjab: Data Highlights: The Scheduled Castes |year=2001|access-date=2015-01-05}}</ref> and were the second-most populous Scheduled Caste in [[Delhi|Delhi National Capital Region]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_delhi.pdf|title=Delhi: Data Highlights: The Scheduled Castes |year=2001 |publisher=Census India|access-date=2015-01-05 |page=1}}</ref><ref>Leslie, J.(2003) Authority and Meaning in Indian Religions: Hinduism and the Case of Valmiki. Ashgate publishing their favorite weapon is karha . {{ISBN|0754634302}}</ref>{{page needed|date=April 2020}} The [[2011 Census of India]] for [[Uttar Pradesh]] showed the Valmiki population, which was classified as a Scheduled Caste, as 1,319,241.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/SC_ST/PCA-A10/SC-0900-PCA-A-10-ddw.xlsx |title= A-10 Individual Scheduled Caste Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix - Uttar Pradesh |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=2017-02-04}}</ref>
==South India==

In [[South India]] the term is mainly used as a self-identification by the [[Boya (caste)|Boya]] or Bedar caste, a traditional hunting and martial caste who are considered as [[Backward caste]]s now changed by government of Andhra Pradesh into [[scheduled Tribe]]s in Andhra Pradesh, [[Most Backward caste (MBC)]] in Tamil Nadu and Scheduled Tribe in Karnataka. The Valmikis are mainly concentrated in [[Anantapur district|Anantapur]], [[Kurnool district|Kurnool]] and [[Kadapa district|Kadapa]] districts of [[Andhra Pradesh]] and in Bellary, Raichur and Chitradurga districts of Karnataka, although they are spread all over the state.<ref>{{Citation|url=https://www.odi.org/resources/docs/2692.pdf|title=Caste,Class and Social Articulation in Andhra Pradesh:Mapping Differential Regional Trajectories|publisher=Osmania University}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=All India anthropometric survey: analysis of data. South Zone|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U0uAAAAAMAAJ|author1=J. Sreenath|author2=S. H. Ahmad|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|year=1989|page=37}}</ref> They also built a temple of [[Valmiki]] in [[Anantapur]], [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Festival of Pirs: Popular Islam and Shared Devotion in South India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MfXUAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA169|first=Afsar|last=Mohammad|date = December 2013|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn = 9780199997596}}</ref> In Andhra Pradesh they are known as ''Boya Valmikis'' or ''Valmikis''.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yb2syrYmBaYC&pg=PA42|title=Committees and Commissions in India, 1947-73: 1979 (2 v.)|page=42|author=Virendra Kumar|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|year=1975|isbn=9788170225089}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Beals|first=Alan R.|title=The South Indian World|date=2017-09-29|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351299923-1|work=Village Life in South India|pages=27–44|publisher=Routledge|doi=10.4324/9781351299923-1|isbn=978-1-351-29992-3|access-date=2021-08-07}}</ref>
==Demographics==

<!-- Please maintain alphabetical order. -->
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! State, U.T
! Population
! Population %
! Notes
|-
| Andhra Pradesh<ref>{{cite web |title=A-11 Appendix: District wise scheduled tribe population (Appendix), Andhra Pradesh - 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/43027 |access-date=29 August 2024}}</ref>
| 70,513
| 0.083%
| In the Joint State of Andhara Pradesh during the 2011 census, the Valmiki caste had been counted as a [[Scheduled Tribe]] instead of a Scheduled Caste. 
|-
| Bihar<ref>SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Bihar - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2115 (Accessed: 17 August 2024). </ref>
| 207,549
| 0.199%
| Counted as Hari, Mehtar, Bhangi
|-
| Chandigarh<ref>SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Chandigarh - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2109 (Accessed: 17 August 2024). </ref>
| 82,624
| 7.82%
| Counted as Mazhabi, Balmiki, Chura or Bhangi
|-
| Chhattisgarh<ref>SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Chhattisgarh - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2125 (Accessed: 17 August 2024). </ref>
| 19,016
| 0.074%
| Counted as Bhangi, Mehtar, Balmiki, Lalbegi, Dharkar
|-
| NCT of Delhi<ref>SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, NCT of Delhi - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2112 (Accessed: 17 August 2024). </ref>
| 577,281
| 3.43 %
| Counted as Chuhra (Balmiki)
|-
| Goa<ref>SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Goa - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2133 (Accessed: 24 August 2024). </ref>
| 309
| 0.0%
| Counted as Bhangi (Hadi)
|-
| Gujarat<ref>SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Gujarat - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2127 (Accessed: 17 August 2024). </ref>
| 439,444
| 0.72%
| Counted as Bhangi, Mehtar, Olgana, Rukhi, Malkana, Halalkhor, Lalbegi, Balmiki, Korar, Zadmalli,Barwashia, Barwasia, Jamphoda, Zampada, Zampda, Rushi, Valmiki
|-
| Haryana<ref>SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Haryana - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2111 (Accessed: 17 August 2024). </ref>
| 1,079,682
| 4.25%
| Counted as Balmiki, Chura, Bhangi, Mazhabi and Mazhabi Sikh
|-
| Himachal Pradesh<ref>SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Himachal Pradesh - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2107 (Accessed: 17 August 2024). </ref>
| 35,150
| 0.51%
| Counted as Balmiki, Bhangi, Chuhra, Chura, Chuhre and Mazhabi
|-
| Jammu & Kashmir<ref>SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Jammu & Kashmir - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2106 (Accessed: 24 August 2024). </ref>
| 6918
| 0.0%
| Counted as Chura, Bhangi, Balmiki, Mehtar
|-
| Jharkhand<ref>SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Jharkhand - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2123 (Accessed: 17 August 2024). </ref>
| 58,242
| 0.17%
| Counted as Hari, Mehtar, Bhangi
|-
| Karnataka<ref>SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Karnataka - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2132 (Accessed: 17 August 2024). </ref>
| 5,281
| 0.0086%
| Counted as Bhangi, Mehtar, Olgana, Rukhi, Malkana, Halalkhor, Lalbegi, Balmiki, Korar, Zadmalli
|-
| Madhya Pradesh<ref>SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Madhya Pradesh - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2126 (Accessed: 17 August 2024). </ref>
| 365,769
| 0.5%
| Counted as Bhangi, Mehtar, Balmik, Lalbegi, Dharkar
|-
| Maharashtra<ref>SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Maharashtra - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2130 (Accessed: 17 August 2024). </ref>
| 217,166
| 0.19%
| Counted as Bhangi, Mehtar, Olgana, Rukhi, Malkana, Halalkhor, Lalbegi, Balmiki, Korar, Zadmalli, Hela
|-
| Mizoram<ref>SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Mizoram - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2118 (Accessed: 24 August 2024). </ref>
| 21
| 0.0%
| Counted as Mehtar, Bhangi
|-
| Odisha<ref>SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Odisha - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2124 (Accessed: 24 August 2024). </ref>
| 2,453
| 0.0%
| Counted as Hari, Mehtar, Bhangi
|-
| Punjab<ref>SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Punjab - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2108 (Accessed: 17 August 2024). </ref>
| 3,500,874
| 12.61%
| Counted as Mazhabi, Mazhabi Sikh, Balmiki, Chuhra, Bhangi
|-
| Rajasthan<ref>SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Rajasthan - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2113 (Accessed: 17 August 2024). </ref>
| 625,011
| 0.91%
| Counted as Majhabi, Bhangi, Chura, Mehtar, Olgana, Rukhi, Malkana, Halalkhor, Lalbegi, Balmiki, Valmiki, Korar, Zadmalli
|-
| Tripura<ref>SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Mizoram - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2119 (Accessed: 24 August 2024). </ref>
| 1,851
| 0.0%
| Counted as Mehtor
|-
| Uttarakhand<ref>SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Uttarakhand - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2110 (Accessed: 17 August 2024). </ref>
| 118,421
| 1.17%
| Counted as Mazhabi and Balmiki
|-
| Uttar Pradesh<ref>SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Uttar Pradesh - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2114 (Accessed: 17 August 2024). </ref>
| 1,319,241
| 0.66%
| Counted as Balmiki
|-
| West Bengal<ref>SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, West Bengal - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2122 (Accessed: 24 August 2024). </ref>
| 431,257
| 0.47%
| Counted as Hari, Mehtar, Mehtor, Bhangi, Balmiki
|}

==Notable People==
*[[Om Prakash Valmiki]]
*[[Devi Das Nahar]]
*[[Sabar Koti]]


==Other countries==
==Other countries==

Latest revision as of 06:03, 1 December 2024

This article is about the Indian caste community. Not to be confused with Balmiki sect.

The Valmikis are a variety of communities throughout India who all claim descent from the legendary author of the Ramayana, Valmiki. The Valmikis can be classified as a caste or sampradaya (tradition/sect).[1]

In the north-west Punjab region, this caste had adopted Sikhism. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, many Valmiki were prominent rebels. Notable examples include Matadin Bhangi, Gangu Mehtar and Bhura Singh Valmiki. Caste members now they incline towards politics[2] and government high positions.

According to the 2001 Census of India, the Valmikis formed 11.2 per cent of the Scheduled Caste population in the Indian state of Punjab[3] and were the second-most populous Scheduled Caste in Delhi National Capital Region.[4][5][page needed] The 2011 Census of India for Uttar Pradesh showed the Valmiki population, which was classified as a Scheduled Caste, as 1,319,241.[6]

Demographics

State, U.T Population Population % Notes
Andhra Pradesh[7] 70,513 0.083% In the Joint State of Andhara Pradesh during the 2011 census, the Valmiki caste had been counted as a Scheduled Tribe instead of a Scheduled Caste. 
Bihar[8] 207,549 0.199% Counted as Hari, Mehtar, Bhangi
Chandigarh[9] 82,624 7.82% Counted as Mazhabi, Balmiki, Chura or Bhangi
Chhattisgarh[10] 19,016 0.074% Counted as Bhangi, Mehtar, Balmiki, Lalbegi, Dharkar
NCT of Delhi[11] 577,281 3.43 % Counted as Chuhra (Balmiki)
Goa[12] 309 0.0% Counted as Bhangi (Hadi)
Gujarat[13] 439,444 0.72% Counted as Bhangi, Mehtar, Olgana, Rukhi, Malkana, Halalkhor, Lalbegi, Balmiki, Korar, Zadmalli,Barwashia, Barwasia, Jamphoda, Zampada, Zampda, Rushi, Valmiki
Haryana[14] 1,079,682 4.25% Counted as Balmiki, Chura, Bhangi, Mazhabi and Mazhabi Sikh
Himachal Pradesh[15] 35,150 0.51% Counted as Balmiki, Bhangi, Chuhra, Chura, Chuhre and Mazhabi
Jammu & Kashmir[16] 6918 0.0% Counted as Chura, Bhangi, Balmiki, Mehtar
Jharkhand[17] 58,242 0.17% Counted as Hari, Mehtar, Bhangi
Karnataka[18] 5,281 0.0086% Counted as Bhangi, Mehtar, Olgana, Rukhi, Malkana, Halalkhor, Lalbegi, Balmiki, Korar, Zadmalli
Madhya Pradesh[19] 365,769 0.5% Counted as Bhangi, Mehtar, Balmik, Lalbegi, Dharkar
Maharashtra[20] 217,166 0.19% Counted as Bhangi, Mehtar, Olgana, Rukhi, Malkana, Halalkhor, Lalbegi, Balmiki, Korar, Zadmalli, Hela
Mizoram[21] 21 0.0% Counted as Mehtar, Bhangi
Odisha[22] 2,453 0.0% Counted as Hari, Mehtar, Bhangi
Punjab[23] 3,500,874 12.61% Counted as Mazhabi, Mazhabi Sikh, Balmiki, Chuhra, Bhangi
Rajasthan[24] 625,011 0.91% Counted as Majhabi, Bhangi, Chura, Mehtar, Olgana, Rukhi, Malkana, Halalkhor, Lalbegi, Balmiki, Valmiki, Korar, Zadmalli
Tripura[25] 1,851 0.0% Counted as Mehtor
Uttarakhand[26] 118,421 1.17% Counted as Mazhabi and Balmiki
Uttar Pradesh[27] 1,319,241 0.66% Counted as Balmiki
West Bengal[28] 431,257 0.47% Counted as Hari, Mehtar, Mehtor, Bhangi, Balmiki

Notable People

Other countries

In the UK, the Council of Valmiki Sabhas UK claims to represent the Valmiki.[29][page needed][30]

See also

References

  1. ^ Valmiki Hindu Jati (in Hindi). 19 January 2021. ISBN 9789350485668.
  2. ^ "बैठक: पूर्व मंत्री कृष्ण कुमार बेदी के समर्थन में उतरा वाल्मीकि समाज, आज फिर बुलाई महापंचायत". Dainik Bhaskar (in Hindi). 28 October 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  3. ^ "Punjab: Data Highlights: The Scheduled Castes" (PDF). Census I. 2001. Retrieved 5 January 2015.
  4. ^ "Delhi: Data Highlights: The Scheduled Castes" (PDF). Census India. 2001. p. 1. Retrieved 5 January 2015.
  5. ^ Leslie, J.(2003) Authority and Meaning in Indian Religions: Hinduism and the Case of Valmiki. Ashgate publishing their favorite weapon is karha . ISBN 0754634302
  6. ^ "A-10 Individual Scheduled Caste Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix - Uttar Pradesh". Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
  7. ^ "A-11 Appendix: District wise scheduled tribe population (Appendix), Andhra Pradesh - 2011". Retrieved 29 August 2024.
  8. ^ SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Bihar - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2115 (Accessed: 17 August 2024).
  9. ^ SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Chandigarh - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2109 (Accessed: 17 August 2024).
  10. ^ SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Chhattisgarh - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2125 (Accessed: 17 August 2024).
  11. ^ SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, NCT of Delhi - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2112 (Accessed: 17 August 2024).
  12. ^ SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Goa - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2133 (Accessed: 24 August 2024).
  13. ^ SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Gujarat - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2127 (Accessed: 17 August 2024).
  14. ^ SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Haryana - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2111 (Accessed: 17 August 2024).
  15. ^ SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Himachal Pradesh - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2107 (Accessed: 17 August 2024).
  16. ^ SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Jammu & Kashmir - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2106 (Accessed: 24 August 2024).
  17. ^ SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Jharkhand - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2123 (Accessed: 17 August 2024).
  18. ^ SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Karnataka - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2132 (Accessed: 17 August 2024).
  19. ^ SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Madhya Pradesh - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2126 (Accessed: 17 August 2024).
  20. ^ SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Maharashtra - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2130 (Accessed: 17 August 2024).
  21. ^ SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Mizoram - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2118 (Accessed: 24 August 2024).
  22. ^ SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Odisha - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2124 (Accessed: 24 August 2024).
  23. ^ SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Punjab - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2108 (Accessed: 17 August 2024).
  24. ^ SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Rajasthan - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2113 (Accessed: 17 August 2024).
  25. ^ SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Mizoram - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2119 (Accessed: 24 August 2024).
  26. ^ SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Uttarakhand - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2110 (Accessed: 17 August 2024).
  27. ^ SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Uttar Pradesh - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2114 (Accessed: 17 August 2024).
  28. ^ SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, West Bengal - 2011 (2021) India. Available at: https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2122 (Accessed: 24 August 2024).
  29. ^ Jacobs, Stephen (2010). Hinduism Today: An Introduction. A & C Black.
  30. ^ "Memorandum submitted by Central Valmiki Sabha International (UK)". United Kingdom Parliament. 12 November 2009. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
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