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{{short description|American actor, radio performer, comedian and ventriloquist (1903–1978)}}
{{short description|American ventriloquist, comedian and actor (1903–1978)}}
{{Use American English|date=August 2021}}
{{Use American English|date=August 2021}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2008}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name = Edgar Bergen
| name = Edgar Bergen
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| death_place = [[Paradise, Nevada]], U.S.
| death_place = [[Paradise, Nevada]], U.S.
| resting_place = [[Inglewood Park Cemetery]]
| resting_place = [[Inglewood Park Cemetery]]
| occupation = Actor, comedian, [[ventriloquist]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Ventriloquist|comedian|actor|vaudevillian|radio performer}}
| years_active = 1922–1978
| years_active = 1919–1978
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Frances Bergen|Frances Westerman]]|1945}}
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Frances Bergen|Frances Westerman]]|1945}}
| children = 2; including [[Candice Bergen|Candice]]
| children = 2; including [[Candice Bergen|Candice]]
}}
}}
'''Edgar John Bergen''' (born '''Edgar John Berggren'''; February 16, 1903 – September 30, 1978) was an American ventriloquist, actor, comedian, vaudevillian and radio performer, best known for his proficiency in [[ventriloquism]] and his characters [[Charlie McCarthy (ventriloquist)|Charlie McCarthy]] and Mortimer Snerd. He was the father of actress [[Candice Bergen]].
'''Edgar John Bergen''' (born '''Edgar John Berggren'''; February 16, 1903&nbsp;– September 30, 1978) was an American ventriloquist, comedian, actor, vaudevillian and radio performer. He was best known for his characters [[Charlie McCarthy]] and Mortimer Snerd. Bergen pioneered modern-day [[ventriloquism]] and has been described by puppetry organization [[UNIMA]] as the “quintessential ventriloquist of the 20th century”.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wepa.unima.org/en/edgar-bergen/|title=Edgar Bergen|date=July 29, 2016}}</ref> He was the father of actress [[Candice Bergen]].


==Early life==
==Early life==
[[File:Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy 1926.jpg|thumb|upright|Bergen and [[Charlie McCarthy (ventriloquist)|Charlie]] when they were vaudeville performers in 1926]]
[[File:Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy 1926.jpg|thumb|upright|Bergen and [[Charlie McCarthy (ventriloquist)|Charlie]] in 1926]]
Bergen was born in [[Chicago]], one of five children and the younger of two sons of [[Sweden|Swedish]] immigrants Nilla Svensdotter (née Osberg) and Johan Henriksson Berggren.<ref>{{cite web |first=Tammy |last=Luce |url=http://home.comcast.net/~buff.flyer2/mccarthy/Bergen_bio_new.html |title=Edgar Bergen And The life that he lead |website=Home.comcast.net |date=1978-09-21 |access-date=2013-12-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018024043/http://home.comcast.net/~buff.flyer2/mccarthy/Bergen_bio_new.html |archive-date=2013-10-18 }}</ref> He lived on a farm near [[Decatur, Michigan]] until he was four, when his family returned to Sweden, where he learned the language. After his family had returned to Chicago, when he was eleven, he taught himself ventriloquism from a pamphlet called "The Wizard's Manual". He attended [[Lake View High School (Chicago, Illinois)|Lake View High School]]. After his father died, when Edgar was 16, he went out to work as an apprentice accountant, a furnace stoker, a player-piano operator, and a projectionist in a silent-movie house.
Bergen was born in [[Chicago]], one of five children and the younger of two sons of [[Sweden|Swedish]] immigrants Nilla Svensdotter (née Osberg) and Johan Henriksson Berggren.<ref>{{cite web |first=Tammy |last=Luce |url=http://home.comcast.net/~buff.flyer2/mccarthy/Bergen_bio_new.html |title=Edgar Bergen And The life that he lead |website=Home.comcast.net |date=1978-09-21 |access-date=2013-12-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018024043/http://home.comcast.net/~buff.flyer2/mccarthy/Bergen_bio_new.html |archive-date=2013-10-18 }}</ref> He lived on a farm near [[Decatur, Michigan]] until he was four, when his family returned to Sweden, where he learned the language. After his family had returned to Chicago, when he was eleven, he taught himself ventriloquism from a pamphlet called "The Wizard's Manual". He attended [[Lake View High School (Chicago, Illinois)|Lake View High School]]. After his father died, when Edgar was 16, he went out to work as an apprentice accountant, a furnace stoker, a player-piano operator, and a projectionist in a silent-movie house.


Edgar so impressed the famous ventriloquist [[Harry Lester (ventriloquist)|Harry Lester]] that he gave the teenager almost daily lessons for three months in the fundamentals of ventriloquism. In the fall of 1919, Edgar paid Chicago woodcarver Theodore Mack $36 to sculpt a likeness of a rascally red-headed Irish [[newspaper hawker|newspaper boy]] he knew. The head went on a [[Ventriloquism|dummy]] named Charlie McCarthy, which became Bergen's lifelong [[sidekick]]. He had created the body himself, using a nine-inch length of broomstick for the backbone, and rubber bands and cords to control the lower jaw mechanism of the mouth.
Edgar so impressed the famous ventriloquist [[Harry Lester (ventriloquist)|Harry Lester]] that he gave the teenager almost daily lessons for three months in the fundamentals of ventriloquism. In the fall of 1919, Edgar paid Chicago woodcarver Theodore Mack $36 to sculpt a likeness of a rascally red-headed Irish [[newspaper hawker|newspaper boy]] he knew. The head went on a [[Ventriloquism|dummy]] named Charlie McCarthy, which became Bergen's lifelong [[sidekick]]. He had created the body himself, using a nine-inch length of broomstick for the backbone, and rubber bands and cords to control the lower jaw mechanism of the mouth.


For college, he attended [[Northwestern University]], where he enrolled in the pre-med program to please his mother. He later switched to speech and drama, but never completed his degree.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://exhibits.library.northwestern.edu/archives/exhibits/alumni/bergen.html |title=Edgar Bergen: Alumni Exhibit: Northwestern University Archives |date=September 17, 2000 |website=Northwestern Library Exhibits |access-date=2013-12-13}}</ref> He gave his first public performance at Waveland Avenue Congregational Church located on the northeast corner of Waveland and Janssen. He lived across the street from the church. In 1965, he gave the church a generous contribution, a thoughtful letter, and a photograph of himself which had been requested by the minister and was displayed in the church's assembly room which was dedicated to Bergen. He cut out an "R" and a "G" from his family name and went from Berggren to Bergen on the showbills. Between June 1922 and August 1925, he performed every summer on the professional [[Chautauqua circuit]] and at the Lyceum theater in Chicago. Bergen had an interest in aviation, becoming a private pilot.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=AOPA Pilot |date=May 2014 |page=79 |title=A Plane-Crazy America}}</ref>
For college, he attended [[Northwestern University]], where he enrolled in the pre-med program to please his mother. He later switched to speech and drama, but never completed his degree.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://exhibits.library.northwestern.edu/archives/exhibits/alumni/bergen.html |title=Edgar Bergen: Alumni Exhibit: Northwestern University Archives |date=September 17, 2000 |website=Northwestern Library Exhibits |access-date=2013-12-13 |archive-date=October 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029182526/http://exhibits.library.northwestern.edu/archives/exhibits/alumni/bergen.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> He gave his first public performance at Waveland Avenue Congregational Church located on the northeast corner of Waveland and Janssen. He lived across the street from the church. In 1965, he gave the church a generous contribution, a thoughtful letter, and a photograph of himself which had been requested by the minister and was displayed in the church's assembly room which was dedicated to Bergen. He cut out an "R" and a "G" from his family name and went from Berggren to Bergen on the showbills. Between June 1922 and August 1925, he performed every summer on the professional [[Chautauqua circuit]] and at the Lyceum theater in Chicago. Bergen had an interest in aviation, becoming a private pilot.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=AOPA Pilot |date=May 2014 |page=79 |title=A Plane-Crazy America}}</ref>


==''The Chase and Sanborn Hour''==
==''The Chase and Sanborn Hour''==
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His first performances were in [[vaudeville]], at which point he legally changed his last name to the easier-to-pronounce "Bergen". He worked in one-reel [[short subject|movie shorts]], but his real success was on the radio. He and Charlie were seen at a New York party by [[Elsa Maxwell]] for [[Noël Coward]], who recommended them for an engagement at the famous [[Rainbow Room]]. It was there that two producers saw Bergen and Charlie perform. They then recommended them for a guest appearance on [[Rudy Vallée]]'s program.
His first performances were in [[vaudeville]], at which point he legally changed his last name to the easier-to-pronounce "Bergen". He worked in one-reel [[short subject|movie shorts]], but his real success was on the radio. He and Charlie were seen at a New York party by [[Elsa Maxwell]] for [[Noël Coward]], who recommended them for an engagement at the famous [[Rainbow Room]]. It was there that two producers saw Bergen and Charlie perform. They then recommended them for a guest appearance on [[Rudy Vallée]]'s program.


Their initial appearance (December 17, 1936) was so successful that the following year they were given regular cast roles as part of ''[[The Chase and Sanborn Hour]]''.<ref name=Dunning>{{cite book |last1=Dunning |first1=John |title=On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio |date=May 7, 1998 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-1950-7678-3 |access-date=6 June 2020 |url=https://archive.org/details/onairencyclop00dunn/page/226/mode/2up |pages=226–229}}</ref> Under various sponsors (and two different networks), they were on the air from May 9, 1937, to July 1, 1956. The popularity of a ventriloquist on radio, when one could see neither the dummies nor his skill, surprised and puzzled many critics, then and now. Even knowing that Bergen provided the voice, listeners perceived Charlie as a genuine person.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Poole |first1=Gary |title=Radio Comedy Diary: A Researcher's Guide to the Actual Jokes and Quotes of the Top Comedy Programs of 1947–1950 |date=July 11, 2001 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-5064-0 |page=196 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Radio_Comedy_Diary/e_mIk6UtWJMC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22charlie+mccarthy%22&pg=PA196&printsec=frontcover |access-date=19 July 2020}}</ref> In 1947, Sam Berman caricatured Bergen and McCarthy for the network's glossy promotional book, ''NBC Parade of Stars: As Heard Over Your Favorite NBC Station''.
Their initial appearance (December 17, 1936) was so successful that the following year they were given regular cast roles as part of ''[[The Chase and Sanborn Hour]]''.<ref name=Dunning>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EwtRbXNca0oC&pg=PA226 |last=Dunning |first=John |author-link=John Dunning (detective fiction author) |title=On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio |date=1998 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-0-19-507678-3 |pages=226–230 |edition=Revised |access-date=2024-11-11}}</ref> Under various sponsors (and two different networks), they were on the air from May 9, 1937, to July 1, 1956. The popularity of a ventriloquist on radio, when one could see neither the dummies nor his skill, surprised and puzzled many critics, then and now. Even knowing that Bergen provided the voice, listeners perceived Charlie as a genuine person.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Poole |first1=Gary |title=Radio Comedy Diary: A Researcher's Guide to the Actual Jokes and Quotes of the Top Comedy Programs of 1947–1950 |date=July 11, 2001 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-5064-0 |page=196 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e_mIk6UtWJMC&dq=%22charlie+mccarthy%22&pg=PA196 |access-date=19 July 2020}}</ref> In 1947, Sam Berman caricatured Bergen and McCarthy for the network's glossy promotional book, ''NBC Parade of Stars: As Heard Over Your Favorite NBC Station''.


Bergen's skill as an entertainer, especially his characterization of Charlie, carried the show (many recordings of which have survived).<ref name=Dunning/> Bergen's success on radio was paralleled in the [[United Kingdom]] by [[Peter Brough]] and his dummy [[Archie Andrews (puppet)|Archie Andrews]] (''[[Educating Archie]]'').
Bergen's skill as an entertainer, especially his characterization of Charlie, carried the show (many recordings of which have survived).<ref name=Dunning/> Bergen's success on radio was paralleled in the [[United Kingdom]] by [[Peter Brough]] and his dummy [[Archie Andrews (puppet)|Archie Andrews]] (''[[Educating Archie]]'').
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:'''Charlie:''' "Oh. I wish you could. A harmless kiss doesn't sound very thrilling."
:'''Charlie:''' "Oh. I wish you could. A harmless kiss doesn't sound very thrilling."


Charlie and [[Mae West]] had this conversation on December 12, 1937.
Charlie and [[Mae West]] had this conversation in 1937.
:'''Charlie:''' "Not so loud, Mae, not so loud! All my girlfriends are listening."
:'''Charlie:''' "Not so loud, Mae, not so loud! All my girlfriends are listening."
:'''Mae:''' "Oh, yeah! You’re all wood and a yard long."
:'''Mae:''' "Oh, yeah! You're all wood and a yard long."
:'''Charlie:''' "Yeah."
:'''Charlie:''' "Yeah."
:'''Mae:''' "You weren’t so nervous and backward when you came up to see me at my apartment. In fact, you didn’t need any encouragement to kiss me."
:'''Mae:''' "You weren't so nervous and backward when you came up to see me at my apartment. In fact, you didn't need any encouragement to kiss me."
:'''Charlie:''' "Did I do that?"
:'''Charlie:''' "Did I do that?"
:'''Mae:''' "Why, you certainly did. I got marks to prove it. An' splinters, too."
:'''Mae:''' "Why, you certainly did. I got marks to prove it. An' splinters, too."
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:'''Charlie:''' "Mind if I stand in the shade of your nose?"
:'''Charlie:''' "Mind if I stand in the shade of your nose?"
[[File:Edgar Bergen Charlie McCarthy 1947.JPG|thumb|150px|Bergen and Charlie with an NBC-produced comic book ''On the Air'', 1947]]
[[File:Edgar Bergen Charlie McCarthy 1947.JPG|thumb|150px|Bergen and Charlie with an NBC-produced comic book ''On the Air'', 1947]]
Bergen was a technically skilled ventriloquist, but after his talent moved to radio, it was more important that Charlie McCarthy be clearly understood, so Bergen's skill at not moving his lips was allowed to slip—and Charlie McCarthy frequently twitted him for moving his lips—but Bergen's sense of comedic timing was superb, and he handled Charlie's snappy dialog with aplomb. Bergen's wit in creating McCarthy's striking personality and that of his other characters was the making of the show. Bergen's popularity as a ventriloquist on radio, where the trick of "throwing his voice" was not visible, suggests his appeal was primarily the personality he applied to his characters.
Bergen was not a technically skilled ventriloquist, and Charlie McCarthy frequently twitted him for moving his lips. However, Bergen's sense of comedic timing was superb, and he handled Charlie's snappy dialog with aplomb. Bergen's wit in creating McCarthy's striking personality and that of his other characters was the making of the show. Bergen's popularity as a ventriloquist on radio, where the trick of "throwing his voice" was not visible, suggests his appeal was primarily the personality he applied to his characters.


Bergen and McCarthy are sometimes credited with "saving the world" because, on the night of October 30, 1938, when [[Orson Welles]] performed his ''[[The War of the Worlds (radio)|War of the Worlds]]'' radio play that panicked many listeners, most of the American public had instead tuned to Bergen and McCarthy on another station and never heard Welles' play. Conversely, it has also been theorized that Bergen inadvertently contributed to the hysteria. When the musical portion of Bergen's show, ''The Chase and Sanborn Hour'', aired approximately 12 minutes into the show, many listeners adjusted their dial and found the ''War of the Worlds'' presentation already underway with a realistic-sounding reporter detailing terrible events.
Bergen and McCarthy are sometimes credited with "saving the world"{{whom|date=September 2023}} because, on the night of October 30, 1938, when [[Orson Welles]] performed his ''[[The War of the Worlds (radio)|War of the Worlds]]'' radio play that panicked many listeners, most of the American public had instead tuned to Bergen and McCarthy on another station and never heard Welles' play.{{cn|date=September 2023}} Conversely, it has also been theorized{{whom|date=September 2023}} that Bergen inadvertently contributed to the hysteria. When the musical portion of Bergen's show, ''The Chase and Sanborn Hour'', aired approximately 12 minutes into the show, many listeners adjusted their dial and found the ''War of the Worlds'' presentation already underway with a realistic-sounding reporter detailing terrible events.{{cn|date=September 2023}}


[[Ray Noble (musician)|Ray Noble]] was the musical director and composer, and teenage singer [[Anita Gordon]] provided the songs on his show. Gordon was said to have been discovered by Charlie, who had a crush on her.
[[Ray Noble (musician)|Ray Noble]] was the musical director and composer, and teenage singer [[Anita Gordon]] provided the songs on his show.{{cn|date=September 2023}} Gordon was said to have been discovered by Charlie, who had a crush on her.


In the fall (autumn) of 1948, Edgar and Charlie faced serious competition from [[ABC Radio Network|ABC's]] "jackpot" quiz show, ''[[Stop the Music (American TV series)|Stop the Music]]'', which suddenly drew more listeners ([[Fred Allen]] faced a similar problem because he directly appeared before them). In December 1948, Edgar announced he was temporarily "retiring" from radio, admitting that ''Stop the Music'' was too popular to compete with. His final NBC broadcast was on December 26, 1948.
In the fall (autumn) of 1948, Edgar and Charlie faced serious competition from [[ABC Radio Network|ABC's]] "jackpot" quiz show, ''[[Stop the Music (American TV series)|Stop the Music]]'', which suddenly drew more listeners ([[Fred Allen]] faced a similar problem because he directly appeared before them). In December 1948, Edgar announced he was temporarily "retiring" from radio, admitting that ''Stop the Music'' was too popular to compete with.{{cn|date=September 2023}} His final NBC broadcast was on December 26, 1948.


==''The Charlie McCarthy Show''==
==''The Charlie McCarthy Show''==
In October 1949, Bergen went to [[CBS Radio Network|CBS]], with a new weekly program, ''[[The Charlie McCarthy Show]]'', sponsored by [[Coca-Cola]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Barfield |first1=Ray |editor1-last=Sterling |editor1-first=Christopher H. |title=Encyclopedia of Radio |date=2003 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-1354-5649-8 |page=847 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Encyclopedia_of_Radio_3_Volume_Set/-UeveLMilioC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22edgar+bergen%22+radio&pg=PA847&printsec=frontcover |access-date=19 July 2020}}</ref> After their sponsorship ended in June 1952, [[Richard Hudnut]], on behalf of "Lanolin Plus" cosmetics, primarily sponsored the series until the end of the 1953–54 season. In October 1954, [[Kraft Foods]] sponsored a new ''Edgar Bergen Hour''. After Kraft's departure, the series continued with participating sponsors as a 55-minute series in the fall of 1955. However, because more people were watching television on Sunday nights than listened to radio (and advertisers preferred to sponsor TV shows by then), the series finally ended on July 1, 1956.
In October 1949, Bergen went to [[CBS Radio Network|CBS]], with a new weekly program, ''The Charlie McCarthy Show'', sponsored by [[Coca-Cola]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Barfield |first1=Ray |editor1-last=Sterling |editor1-first=Christopher H. |title=Encyclopedia of Radio |date=2003 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-1354-5649-8 |page=847 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-UeveLMilioC&dq=%22edgar+bergen%22+radio&pg=PA847 |access-date=19 July 2020}}</ref> After their sponsorship ended in June 1952, [[Warner–Lambert|Warner-Hudnut, Inc.]], on behalf of "Lanolin Plus" cosmetics, primarily sponsored the series until the end of the 1953–54 season. In October 1954, [[Kraft Foods]] sponsored a new ''Edgar Bergen Hour''. After Kraft's departure, the series continued with participating sponsors as a 55-minute series in the fall of 1955. However, because more people were watching television on Sunday nights than listened to radio (and advertisers preferred to sponsor TV shows by then), the series finally ended on July 1, 1956.


==Comic strip==
==Comic strip==
In addition to his work as a ventriloquist, Bergen was also an actor and comic strip creator. He established the syndicated comic strip ''Mortimer & Charlie'', which ran in newspapers from July 10, 1939, to May 1940,<ref name=Holtz>{{cite book |last1=Holtz |first1=Allan |title=American Newspaper Comics: An Encyclopedic Reference Guide |date=2012 |publisher=The University of Michigan Press |location=Ann Arbor |isbn=978-0-4721-1756-7 |page=277}}</ref> illustrated first by [[Ben Batsford]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/b/batsford_ben.htm |title=Ben Batsford |website=Lambiek Comicopedia}}</ref> and then by [[Carl Buettner]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/b/buettner_carl.htm |title=Carl Buettner |website=Lambiek Comicopedia}}</ref> The comic strip's writer was uncredited, but some of the gags certainly were lifted from the hit radio show.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://strippersguide.blogspot.com/2008/03/obscurity-of-day-mortimer-and-charlie.html |title=Obscurity of the Day: Mortimer and Charlie. Holtz, Allan. Stripper's Guide |website=Strippers Guide |access-date=2013-12-13}}</ref> Between 1947 and 1954 [[Harvey Eisenberg]] also drew a comic strip based on Charlie McCarthy, scripted by Bergen.<ref>{{cite web| title=Harvey Eisenberg (11 February 1912 – 22 April 1965, USA)| url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/e/eisenberg_harvey.htm| date=November 13, 2018| website=Lambiek Comicopedia| access-date=January 7, 2019}}</ref>
In addition to his work as a ventriloquist, Bergen was also an actor and comic strip creator. He established the syndicated comic strip ''Mortimer and Charlie'', which ran in newspapers from July 10, 1939, to May 1940,<ref name=Holtz>{{cite book |last1=Holtz |first1=Allan |title=American Newspaper Comics: An Encyclopedic Reference Guide |date=2012 |publisher=The University of Michigan Press |location=Ann Arbor |isbn=978-0-4721-1756-7 |page=277}}</ref> illustrated first by [[Ben Batsford]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/b/batsford_ben.htm |title=Ben Batsford |website=Lambiek Comicopedia}}</ref> and then by Carl Buettner.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/b/buettner_carl.htm |title=Carl Buettner |website=Lambiek Comicopedia}}</ref> The comic strip's writer was uncredited, but some of the gags certainly were lifted from the hit radio show.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://strippersguide.blogspot.com/2008/03/obscurity-of-day-mortimer-and-charlie.html |title=Obscurity of the Day: Mortimer and Charlie. Holtz, Allan. Stripper's Guide |website=Strippers Guide |access-date=2013-12-13}}</ref> Between 1947 and 1954 [[Harvey Eisenberg]] also drew a comic strip based on Charlie McCarthy, scripted by Bergen.<ref>{{cite web| title=Harvey Eisenberg (11 February 1912 – 22 April 1965, USA)| url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/e/eisenberg_harvey.htm| date=November 13, 2018| website=Lambiek Comicopedia| access-date=January 7, 2019}}</ref>


==Films==
==Films==
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Bergen and his alter ego Charlie McCarthy were given top billing in several films, including the [[Technicolor]] extravaganza ''[[The Goldwyn Follies]]'' (1938), opposite the [[Ritz Brothers]]. That year they also appeared in ''[[You Can't Cheat an Honest Man]]'' with [[W. C. Fields]]. At the height of their popularity in 1937, Bergen was presented an [[Academy Honorary Award|Honorary Oscar]] (in the form of a wooden Oscar statuette, the only wooden Oscar given so far) for his creation of Charlie McCarthy. Bergen, along with Charlie McCarthy and Mortimer Snerd, was also featured in the 1938 film ''[[Letter of Introduction (film)|Letter of Introduction]]''.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}
Bergen and his alter ego Charlie McCarthy were given top billing in several films, including the [[Technicolor]] extravaganza ''[[The Goldwyn Follies]]'' (1938), opposite the [[Ritz Brothers]]. That year they also appeared in ''[[You Can't Cheat an Honest Man]]'' with [[W. C. Fields]]. At the height of their popularity in 1937, Bergen was presented an [[Academy Honorary Award|Honorary Oscar]] (in the form of a wooden Oscar statuette, the only wooden Oscar given so far) for his creation of Charlie McCarthy. Bergen, along with Charlie McCarthy and Mortimer Snerd, was also featured in the 1938 film ''[[Letter of Introduction (film)|Letter of Introduction]]''.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}


As an actor alone, Bergen portrayed the timid suitor of the sister Trina in ''[[I Remember Mama (film)|I Remember Mama]]'' (1948), and appeared in ''[[Captain China]]'' (1949), ''[[The Hanged Man (1964 film)|The Hanged Man]]'' (1964) and ''[[Don't Make Waves]]'' (1967). Other film roles for the team include ''[[Look Who's Laughing]]'' (1941) and ''[[Here We Go Again (film)|Here We Go Again]]'' (1942), both with [[Fibber McGee and Molly]]. Charlie McCarthy wore a US Army uniform in ''[[Stage Door Canteen (film)|Stage Door Canteen]]'' (1943) with Mortimer Snerd. Bergen, McCarthy and Snerd were also featured in [[Walt Disney]]'s ''[[Fun and Fancy Free]]'' (1947). He later cameoed in all-star films such as ''[[The Phynx]]'' (1970), ''[[Won Ton Ton, the Dog Who Saved Hollywood]]'' (1976), and ''[[The Muppet Movie]]'' (1979). In 1977, Bergen had made a guest appearance on a second-season episode of ''[[The Muppet Show]]'', the highly acclaimed television comedy/variety program produced by [[Jim Henson]] who considered Bergen a major inspiration.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Garlen |first1=Jennifer C. |last2=Graham |first2=Anissa M. |title=Kermit Culture: Critical Perspectives on Jim Henson's Muppets |year=2009 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-4259-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/kermitculturecri0000unse/page/218 218]| url=https://archive.org/details/kermitculturecri0000unse/page/218}}</ref> His daughter Candice had also guest-starred on the show during its first season. Bergen died shortly after filming his ''Muppet Movie'' scene, which was also his final public appearance, and was subsequently dedicated to him. In 2009 Bergen was featured in the comedy documentary ''[[I'm No Dummy|<nowiki/>'I'm No Dummy]]'',<ref>[http://digitalcinemareport.com/node/1165 "Hollywood's Corporate Delusion"]. ''Digital Cinema Report''. @ IMDb; accessed July 22, 2016.</ref> directed by [[Bryan W. Simon]].
As an actor alone, Bergen portrayed the timid suitor of the sister Trina in ''[[I Remember Mama (film)|I Remember Mama]]'' (1948), and appeared in ''[[Captain China]]'' (1949), ''[[The Hanged Man (1964 film)|The Hanged Man]]'' (1964) and ''[[Don't Make Waves]]'' (1967). Other film roles for the team include ''[[Look Who's Laughing]]'' (1941) and ''[[Here We Go Again (film)|Here We Go Again]]'' (1942), both with [[Fibber McGee and Molly]]. Charlie McCarthy wore a US Army uniform in ''[[Stage Door Canteen (film)|Stage Door Canteen]]'' (1943) with Mortimer Snerd. Bergen, McCarthy and Snerd were also featured in [[Walt Disney]]'s ''[[Fun and Fancy Free]]'' (1947). He later cameoed in all-star films such as ''[[The Phynx]]'' (1970), ''[[Won Ton Ton, the Dog Who Saved Hollywood]]'' (1976), and ''[[The Muppet Movie]]'' (1979). In 1977, Bergen had made a guest appearance on a second-season episode of ''[[The Muppet Show]]'', the highly acclaimed television comedy/variety program produced by [[Jim Henson]] who considered Bergen a major inspiration.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Garlen |first1=Jennifer C. |last2=Graham |first2=Anissa M. |title=Kermit Culture: Critical Perspectives on Jim Henson's Muppets |year=2009 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-4259-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/kermitculturecri0000unse/page/218 218]| url=https://archive.org/details/kermitculturecri0000unse/page/218}}</ref> His daughter Candice had also guest-starred on the show during its first season. Bergen died shortly after filming his ''Muppet Movie'' scene, which was also his final public appearance, and was subsequently dedicated to him. In 2009 Bergen was featured in the comedy documentary ''[[I'm No Dummy|<nowiki/>I'm No Dummy]]'',<ref>[http://digitalcinemareport.com/node/1165 "Hollywood's Corporate Delusion"]. ''Digital Cinema Report''. @ IMDb; accessed July 22, 2016.</ref> directed by [[Bryan W. Simon]].


==Television appearances==
==Television appearances==
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On December 26, 1954, Bergen appeared on ''[[What's My Line]]'' as a mystery guest. Bergen also hosted the television game show ''[[Who Do You Trust?|Do You Trust Your Wife?]]'' in 1956–1957, later succeeded, in a daytime edition, by [[Johnny Carson]].
On December 26, 1954, Bergen appeared on ''[[What's My Line]]'' as a mystery guest. Bergen also hosted the television game show ''[[Who Do You Trust?|Do You Trust Your Wife?]]'' in 1956–1957, later succeeded, in a daytime edition, by [[Johnny Carson]].


He appeared in the [[Christmas]] 1957 episode of [[National Broadcasting Company|NBC]]'s ''The Gisele MacKenzie Show''. In 1958, Bergen appeared with his 12-year-old daughter [[Candice Bergen|Candice]] on an episode of ''[[You Bet Your Life]]'' starring [[Groucho Marx]]. In 1959, he appeared in the second episode titled "Dossier" of the NBC [[espionage]] [[television series|series]] ''[[Five Fingers (American TV series)|Five Fingers]]'' starring [[David Hedison]]. On May 21, 1959, he guest-starred with Charlie McCarthy on NBC's ''[[The Ford Show|The Ford Show, Starring Tennessee Ernie Ford]]''. Bergen continued to appear regularly on television during the 1960s and into the 1970s, appearing on ''[[The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson]]'' as late as 1977. He guest-starred as Charlie in the 1960 episode "Moment of Fear" of [[Columbia Broadcasting System|CBS]]'s ''[[The DuPont Show with June Allyson]]''. He did a stint as one of the ''[[What's My Line?]]'' mystery guests on the popular Sunday night CBS series. His colleague [[Paul Winchell]] happened to be a panel member during that episode.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YU98KwL_pQ8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140609151908/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YU98KwL_pQ8&feature=related |archive-date=2014-06-09 |url-status=dead |title=Edgar Bergen-What's My Line |website=YouTube |date=2008-09-13 |access-date=2013-12-13}}</ref> Bergen appeared on the NBC interview program ''[[Here's Hollywood]]''.
He appeared in the [[Christmas]] 1957 episode of [[National Broadcasting Company|NBC]]'s ''[[The Gisele MacKenzie Show]]''. In 1958, Bergen appeared with his 12-year-old daughter [[Candice Bergen|Candice]] on an episode of ''[[You Bet Your Life]]'' starring [[Groucho Marx]]. In 1959, he appeared in the second episode titled "Dossier" of the NBC [[espionage]] [[television series|series]] ''[[Five Fingers (American TV series)|Five Fingers]]'' starring [[David Hedison]]. On May 21, 1959, he guest-starred with Charlie McCarthy on NBC's ''[[The Ford Show|The Ford Show, Starring Tennessee Ernie Ford]]''. Bergen continued to appear regularly on television during the 1960s and into the 1970s, appearing on ''[[The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson]]'' as late as 1977. He guest-starred as Charlie in the 1960 episode "Moment of Fear" of [[Columbia Broadcasting System|CBS]]'s ''[[The DuPont Show with June Allyson]]''. He did a stint as one of the ''[[What's My Line?]]'' mystery guests on the popular Sunday night CBS series. His colleague [[Paul Winchell]] happened to be a panel member during that episode.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YU98KwL_pQ8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140609151908/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YU98KwL_pQ8&feature=related |archive-date=2014-06-09 |url-status=dead |title=Edgar Bergen-What's My Line |website=YouTube |date=2008-09-13 |access-date=2013-12-13}}</ref> Bergen appeared on the NBC interview program ''[[Here's Hollywood]]''.


Bergen appeared as Grandpa Zeb Walton in the original ''[[The Waltons|Waltons]]'' television movie, ''[[The Homecoming: A Christmas Story]]'' (1971). The role was played by [[Will Geer]] in the subsequent TV series. During the run of ''The Waltons''—which took place throughout the 1930s and 1940s—the voices of Bergen and Charlie McCarthy were sporadically heard from the Waltons' radio, as family members regularly tuned in for that program.
Bergen appeared as Grandpa Zeb Walton in the original ''[[The Waltons|Waltons]]'' television movie, ''[[The Homecoming: A Christmas Story]]'' (1971). The role was played by [[Will Geer]] in the subsequent TV series. During the run of ''The Waltons''—which took place throughout the 1930s and 1940s—the voices of Bergen and Charlie McCarthy were sporadically heard from the Waltons' radio, as family members regularly tuned in for that program.


He appeared on ''[[The Muppet Show]]'' in Season 2. His daughter, [[Candice Bergen]], who closely resembled her mother, appeared in Season 1.
He appeared on ''[[The Muppet Show]]'' in Season 2. His daughter, [[Candice Bergen]] had appeared in Season 1.


==Family==
==Family==
[[File:Yancy Derringer cast 2.JPG|left|thumb|[[X Brands]], [[Frances Bergen]], and [[Jock Mahoney]] in ''[[Yancy Derringer]]'' (1959)]]
[[File:Yancy Derringer cast 2.JPG|left|thumb|[[X Brands]], [[Frances Bergen]], and [[Jock Mahoney]] in ''[[Yancy Derringer]]'' (1959)]]
In 1941, Bergen met 18-year-old [[Frances Bergen|Frances Westerman]], a young fashion model, who had graduated from Los Angeles High School the prior year. He spotted her in the live audience of his radio program, where she was the guest of one of his staff members. From Westerman's front-row seat, her legs caught the attention of 38-year-old Bergen, who asked to meet her. A long-distance courtship, spanning years, ensued. The two were eventually married, in Mexico, on June 28, 1945. On May 9, 1946, Frances gave birth to future actress [[Candice Bergen]], whose first performances were on Bergen's radio show. In 1950, the family were living on Beverly Grove Drive in Los Angeles.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://1950census.archives.gov/search/?county=Los%20Angeles&ed=66-681&page=1 |title=Search &#124; 1950 Census}}</ref> The couple's second child was film and television editor Kris Bergen. Frances also acted, appearing in several movies, co-starring in the 1958 television series ''[[Yancy Derringer]]'', and guest-starring in many other shows.
In 1941, Bergen met 18-year-old [[Frances Bergen|Frances Westerman]], a young fashion model who had graduated from Los Angeles High School the prior year. He spotted her in the audience of his radio program, where she was the guest of one of his staff members. A long-distance courtship, spanning years, ensued. The two were married in Mexico on June 28, 1945.
On May 9, 1946, Frances gave birth to future actress [[Candice Bergen]], whose first performances were on Bergen's radio show. By 1950, the family lived on Beverly Grove Drive in Los Angeles.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://1950census.archives.gov/search/?county=Los%20Angeles&ed=66-681&page=1 |title=Search &#124; 1950 Census}}</ref> The couple's second child was film and TV editor Kris Bergen. Frances also acted in several movies, co-starred in the 1958 TV series ''[[Yancy Derringer]]'', and guest-starred in many other shows.


==Death==
==Death==
[[File:Candice Bergen.jpg|thumb|Bergen's daughter Candice Bergen and his wife, actress [[Frances Bergen]], at the 62nd Academy Awards in 1990]]
[[File:Candice Bergen.jpg|thumb|Bergen's daughter Candice Bergen and his wife, actress [[Frances Bergen]], at the 62nd Academy Awards in 1990]]
In mid-September 1978, Bergen announced that he was retiring after more than 50 years in show business, and sending his monocled, top-hatted partner, Charlie McCarthy, to the [[National Museum of American History]], at the [[Smithsonian Institution]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] He opened at [[Caesar's Palace Hotel]] Las Vegas on September 27, for a two-week "Farewell to Show Business" engagement. Three days later, on September 30, 1978, he died of kidney disease.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://yahoo.com/entertainment/blogs/celeb-news/candice-bergen-s-dad-cut-her-out-of-his-will-200446839.html |title=Candice Bergen's Dad Cut Her Out of His Will (But She's Got 'Murphy Brown' Money) |website=[[Yahoo!]] Entertainment |date=April 3, 2015 |access-date=March 2, 2023}}</ref> Bergen was interred with his parents (who are buried under their true surname of "Berggren"), in [[Inglewood Park Cemetery]], [[Inglewood, California]].
In mid-September 1978, Bergen announced his retirement and sent his monocled, top-hatted partner, Charlie McCarthy, to the [[National Museum of American History]] at the [[Smithsonian Institution]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] He opened at [[Caesar's Palace Hotel]] Las Vegas on September 27, for a two-week "Farewell to Show Business" engagement. Three days later, on September 30, 1978, he died of kidney disease.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://yahoo.com/entertainment/blogs/celeb-news/candice-bergen-s-dad-cut-her-out-of-his-will-200446839.html |title=Candice Bergen's Dad Cut Her Out of His Will (But She's Got 'Murphy Brown' Money) |website=[[Yahoo!]] Entertainment |date=April 3, 2015 |access-date=March 2, 2023}}</ref> Bergen was interred with his parents (buried under their true surname of "Berggren") in [[Inglewood Park Cemetery]], [[Inglewood, California]].

In his will, according to Candice Bergen's memoir, ''A Fine Romance'', he left his daughter nothing but bequeathed his dummy, Charlie McCarthy, $10,000. "I'd chased my father's approval all my life, and here was proof I'd never get it," the actress wrote. "I was hurt, shocked, when I discovered he had left me out of his will." She further explained that her father had provided this inheritance for the dummy so that the funds could be managed, invested, and reinvested to provide for his future performances. She said her father wrote in his will: "I make this provision for sentimental reasons, which to me are vital due to the association with Charlie McCarthy, who has been my constant companion and who has taken on the character of a real person and from whom I have never been separated even for a day." Throughout the book, she suggested that her father seemed to have a stronger kinship with Charlie than with her. The dummy "dominated" her childhood, she explained, and even had his own bedroom in their house. "Those were unique circumstances to grow up in," she wrote. "Sometimes I have to give myself credit for being a functional human being. I knew my father loved me, but with his Swedish reserve, it wasn't his nature to tell me."<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.closerweekly.com/posts/candice-bergen-reveals-her-ventriloquist-father-left-his-dummy-10-000-and-her-nothing-when-he-died-55555/ |title=Candice Bergen Reveals Her Ventriloquist Father Left His Dummy $10,000 and Her Nothing When He Died |date=April 7, 2015 |magazine=[[Closer (magazine)|Closer]]}}</ref>


In 1990, Bergen was elected to the [[Radio Hall of Fame]], the same year that ''The Charlie McCarthy Show'' was selected as an honored program. A message in the [[closing credits]] dedicates ''[[The Muppet Movie]]'' (which featured Bergen and Charlie in their last screen appearance) to the memory and magic of Bergen. In 1991, the United States Postal Service honored him with a 29-cent commemorative stamp.
In his will, according to Candice Bergen's memoir, 'A Fine Romance,' he left his daughter nothing, but bequeathed his dummy, Charlie McCarthy, $10,000. "I’d chased my father's approval all my life, and here was proof I’d never get it," the actress wrote. "I was hurt, shocked, when I discovered he had left me out of his will." She further explained that her father had provided this inheritance for the dummy, so that the funds could be managed, invested, and reinvested to provide for his future performances. She said her father wrote in his will: "I make this provision for sentimental reasons, which to me are vital due to the association with Charlie McCarthy, who has been my constant companion and who has taken on the character of a real person and from whom I have never been separated even for a day." Throughout the book, she suggested that her father seemed to have a stronger kinship with Charlie than with her. The dummy "dominated" her childhood, she explained, and even had his own bedroom in their house. "Those were unique circumstances to grow up in," she wrote. "Sometimes I have to give myself credit for being a functional human being. I knew my father loved me, but with his Swedish reserve, it wasn’t his nature to tell me."<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.closerweekly.com/posts/candice-bergen-reveals-her-ventriloquist-father-left-his-dummy-10-000-and-her-nothing-when-he-died-55555/ |title=Candice Bergen Reveals Her Ventriloquist Father Left His Dummy $10,000 and Her Nothing When He Died |date=April 7, 2015 |magazine=[[Closer (magazine)|Closer]]}}</ref>


On October 2, 2006, Bergen's wife of 33 years, Frances Westerman Bergen, died at [[Cedars-Sinai Medical Center]] in [[Los Angeles]], aged 84, from undisclosed causes.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://articles.latimes.com/2006/oct/04/local/me-bergen4| title=Frances Bergen, 84; Actress' No. 1 Role Was as Wife and Mother to Stars| date=October 4, 2006| first=Dennis| last=McLellan| newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]| access-date=January 7, 2019}}</ref> Unlike her husband, she is buried in [[Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)]]. In 1990, Bergen was elected to the [[Radio Hall of Fame]], the same year that ''The Charlie McCarthy Show'' was selected as an honored program. A message in the [[closing credits]] dedicates ''[[The Muppet Movie]]'' (which featured Bergen and Charlie in their last screen appearance) to the memory and magic of Bergen. In 1991, the United States Postal Service honored him with a 29-cent commemorative stamp.
On October 2, 2006, Bergen's widow, Frances Westerman Bergen, died at [[Cedars-Sinai Medical Center]] in [[Los Angeles]], aged 84, from undisclosed causes.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-oct-04-me-bergen4-story.html| title=Frances Bergen, 84; Actress' No. 1 Role Was as Wife and Mother to Stars| date=October 4, 2006| first=Dennis| last=McLellan| newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]| access-date=January 7, 2019}}</ref> Unlike her husband, she is buried in [[Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)]].


==Hollywood Walk of Fame==
==Hollywood Walk of Fame==
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==Filmography==
==Filmography==
* 1931: ''The Eyes Have It'' as Dr. Wilbur Grant
* 1931: ''The Eyes Have It'' as Dr. Wilbur Grant
* 1938: ''[[The Goldwyn Follies]]'' as Himself / [[Charlie McCarthy]]
* 1938: ''[[The Goldwyn Follies]]'' as himself / [[Charlie McCarthy]]
* 1938: ''[[Letter of Introduction (film)|Letter of Introduction]]'' as Himself / Charlie McCarthy / Mortimer Snerd
* 1938: ''[[Letter of Introduction (film)|Letter of Introduction]]'' as himself / Charlie McCarthy / Mortimer Snerd
* 1939: ''[[You Can't Cheat an Honest Man]]'' as The Great Edgar / Charlie McCarthy / Mortimer Snerd
* 1939: ''[[You Can't Cheat an Honest Man]]'' as The Great Edgar / Charlie McCarthy / Mortimer Snerd
* 1939: ''[[Charlie McCarthy, Detective]]'' as Himself / Charlie McCarthy / Mortimer Snerd
* 1939: ''[[Charlie McCarthy, Detective]]'' as himself / Charlie McCarthy / Mortimer Snerd
* 1941: ''[[Look Who's Laughing]]'' as Himself / Charlie McCarthy
* 1941: ''[[Look Who's Laughing]]'' as himself / Charlie McCarthy
* 1942: ''[[Here We Go Again (film)|Here We Go Again]]'' as Himself / Charlie McCarthy / Mortimer Snerd
* 1942: ''[[Here We Go Again (film)|Here We Go Again]]'' as himself / Charlie McCarthy / Mortimer Snerd
* 1943: ''[[Stage Door Canteen (film)|Stage Door Canteen]]'' as Himself / Charlie McCarthy / Mortimer Snerd
* 1943: ''[[Stage Door Canteen (film)|Stage Door Canteen]]'' as himself / Charlie McCarthy / Mortimer Snerd
* 1944: ''[[Song of the Open Road]]'' as Himself / Charlie McCarthy
* 1944: ''[[Song of the Open Road]]'' as himself / Charlie McCarthy
* 1947: ''[[Fun and Fancy Free]]'' as Himself / Charlie McCarthy / Mortimer Snerd
* 1947: ''[[Fun and Fancy Free]]'' as himself / Charlie McCarthy / Mortimer Snerd
* 1948: ''[[I Remember Mama (film)|I Remember Mama]]'' as Mr. Thorkelson
* 1948: ''[[I Remember Mama (film)|I Remember Mama]]'' as Mr. Thorkelson
* 1950: ''[[Captain China]]'' as Mr. Haasvelt
* 1950: ''[[Captain China]]'' as Mr. Haasvelt
* 1950: ''Charlie's Haunt'' as Himself / Charlie McCarthy
* 1950: ''Charlie's Haunt'' as himself / Charlie McCarthy
* 1953: ''Mystery Lake'' as Dr. Sorenson
* 1953: ''Mystery Lake'' as Dr. Sorenson
* 1964: ''[[The Hanged Man (1964 film)|The Hanged Man]]'' (TV Movie) as Hotel Clerk
* 1964: ''[[The Hanged Man (1964 film)|The Hanged Man]]'' (TV Movie) as Hotel Clerk
Line 144: Line 147:
* 1967: ''[[Don't Make Waves]]'' as Madame Lavinia
* 1967: ''[[Don't Make Waves]]'' as Madame Lavinia
* 1968: ''[[Rogue's Gallery (1968 film)|Rogue's Gallery]]'' as Roy Benz
* 1968: ''[[Rogue's Gallery (1968 film)|Rogue's Gallery]]'' as Roy Benz
* 1970: ''[[The Phynx]]'' as Himself / Charlie McCarthy
* 1970: ''[[The Phynx]]'' as himself / Charlie McCarthy
* 1976: ''[[Won Ton Ton, the Dog Who Saved Hollywood]]'' as Professor Quicksand
* 1976: ''[[Won Ton Ton, the Dog Who Saved Hollywood]]'' as Professor Quicksand
* 1979: ''[[The Muppet Movie]]'' as Himself / Charlie McCarthy (final film role)
* 1979: ''[[The Muppet Movie]]'' as himself / Charlie McCarthy (final film role)
* 2009: ''[[I'm No Dummy]]'' as Himself / Charlie McCarthy (archival footage)
* 2009: ''[[I'm No Dummy]]'' as himself / Charlie McCarthy (archival footage)


==See also==
==See also==
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{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category}}
{{wikiquote}}
{{wikiquote}}
* [http://www.charliemccarthy.org "Edgar Bergen"] Website
* [http://www.charliemccarthy.org "Edgar Bergen"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511153924/https://www.charliemccarthy.org/ |date=May 11, 2021 }} Website
* {{IMDb name|1944}}
* {{IMDb name|1944}}
* {{tcmdb name|id=14411|name=Edgar Bergen}}
* {{tcmdb name|id=14411|name=Edgar Bergen}}
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===Audio===
===Audio===
* Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy's first show for [http://jack_benny.podomatic.com/entry/eg/2010-01-25T13_50_52-08_00 The Chase And Sanborn Hour 1937-05-09 (01) Guest: Ann Harding, with a new introduction.]
* Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy's first show for [http://jack_benny.podomatic.com/entry/eg/2010-01-25T13_50_52-08_00 The Chase And Sanborn Hour 1937-05-09 (01) Guest: Ann Harding, with a new introduction.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604021136/http://jack_benny.podomatic.com/entry/eg/2010-01-25T13_50_52-08_00 |date=June 4, 2011 }}
* [http://jack_benny.podomatic.com/entry/eg/2009-08-03T09_42_32-07_00 Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy 1942-05-03 Guest: Judy Garland]
* [http://jack_benny.podomatic.com/entry/eg/2009-08-03T09_42_32-07_00 Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy 1942-05-03 Guest: Judy Garland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303180916/http://jack_benny.podomatic.com/entry/eg/2009-08-03T09_42_32-07_00 |date=March 3, 2016 }}
* [http://zootradio.com/Bergen_And_McCarthy.php Zoot Radio, Free Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy old time radio shows]
* [http://zootradio.com/Bergen_And_McCarthy.php Zoot Radio, Free Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy old time radio shows]


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[[Category:American people of Swedish descent]]
[[Category:American people of Swedish descent]]
[[Category:American male radio actors]]
[[Category:American male radio actors]]
[[Category:American vaudeville performers]]
[[Category:Burials at Inglewood Park Cemetery]]
[[Category:Burials at Inglewood Park Cemetery]]
[[Category:Deaths from kidney failure]]
[[Category:Deaths from kidney failure in the United States]]
[[Category:Peabody Award winners]]
[[Category:Peabody Award winners]]
[[Category:People from Van Buren County, Michigan]]
[[Category:People from Van Buren County, Michigan]]
[[Category:Vaudeville performers]]
[[Category:Ventriloquists]]
[[Category:Ventriloquists]]
[[Category:20th-century American male actors]]
[[Category:20th-century American male actors]]
[[Category:Northwestern University School of Communication alumni]]
[[Category:Northwestern University School of Communication alumni]]
[[Category:Comedy franchises]]
[[Category:American male comedians]]
[[Category:Comedians from Chicago]]
[[Category:Comedians from Michigan]]

Latest revision as of 09:27, 1 December 2024

Edgar Bergen
Bergen with his ventriloquist dummies Charlie McCarthy and Mortimer Snerd in 1949
Born
Edgar John Berggren

(1903-02-16)February 16, 1903
DiedSeptember 30, 1978(1978-09-30) (aged 75)
Resting placeInglewood Park Cemetery
Occupations
  • Ventriloquist
  • comedian
  • actor
  • vaudevillian
  • radio performer
Years active1919–1978
Spouse
(m. 1945)
Children2; including Candice

Edgar John Bergen (born Edgar John Berggren; February 16, 1903 – September 30, 1978) was an American ventriloquist, comedian, actor, vaudevillian and radio performer. He was best known for his characters Charlie McCarthy and Mortimer Snerd. Bergen pioneered modern-day ventriloquism and has been described by puppetry organization UNIMA as the “quintessential ventriloquist of the 20th century”.[1] He was the father of actress Candice Bergen.

Early life

[edit]
Bergen and Charlie in 1926

Bergen was born in Chicago, one of five children and the younger of two sons of Swedish immigrants Nilla Svensdotter (née Osberg) and Johan Henriksson Berggren.[2] He lived on a farm near Decatur, Michigan until he was four, when his family returned to Sweden, where he learned the language. After his family had returned to Chicago, when he was eleven, he taught himself ventriloquism from a pamphlet called "The Wizard's Manual". He attended Lake View High School. After his father died, when Edgar was 16, he went out to work as an apprentice accountant, a furnace stoker, a player-piano operator, and a projectionist in a silent-movie house.

Edgar so impressed the famous ventriloquist Harry Lester that he gave the teenager almost daily lessons for three months in the fundamentals of ventriloquism. In the fall of 1919, Edgar paid Chicago woodcarver Theodore Mack $36 to sculpt a likeness of a rascally red-headed Irish newspaper boy he knew. The head went on a dummy named Charlie McCarthy, which became Bergen's lifelong sidekick. He had created the body himself, using a nine-inch length of broomstick for the backbone, and rubber bands and cords to control the lower jaw mechanism of the mouth.

For college, he attended Northwestern University, where he enrolled in the pre-med program to please his mother. He later switched to speech and drama, but never completed his degree.[3] He gave his first public performance at Waveland Avenue Congregational Church located on the northeast corner of Waveland and Janssen. He lived across the street from the church. In 1965, he gave the church a generous contribution, a thoughtful letter, and a photograph of himself which had been requested by the minister and was displayed in the church's assembly room which was dedicated to Bergen. He cut out an "R" and a "G" from his family name and went from Berggren to Bergen on the showbills. Between June 1922 and August 1925, he performed every summer on the professional Chautauqua circuit and at the Lyceum theater in Chicago. Bergen had an interest in aviation, becoming a private pilot.[4]

The Chase and Sanborn Hour

[edit]
Edgar Bergen and his dummy Charlie McCarthy with W.C. Fields on The Chase and Sanborn Hour

His first performances were in vaudeville, at which point he legally changed his last name to the easier-to-pronounce "Bergen". He worked in one-reel movie shorts, but his real success was on the radio. He and Charlie were seen at a New York party by Elsa Maxwell for Noël Coward, who recommended them for an engagement at the famous Rainbow Room. It was there that two producers saw Bergen and Charlie perform. They then recommended them for a guest appearance on Rudy Vallée's program.

Their initial appearance (December 17, 1936) was so successful that the following year they were given regular cast roles as part of The Chase and Sanborn Hour.[5] Under various sponsors (and two different networks), they were on the air from May 9, 1937, to July 1, 1956. The popularity of a ventriloquist on radio, when one could see neither the dummies nor his skill, surprised and puzzled many critics, then and now. Even knowing that Bergen provided the voice, listeners perceived Charlie as a genuine person.[6] In 1947, Sam Berman caricatured Bergen and McCarthy for the network's glossy promotional book, NBC Parade of Stars: As Heard Over Your Favorite NBC Station.

Bergen's skill as an entertainer, especially his characterization of Charlie, carried the show (many recordings of which have survived).[5] Bergen's success on radio was paralleled in the United Kingdom by Peter Brough and his dummy Archie Andrews (Educating Archie).

For the radio program, Bergen developed other characters, notably the slow-witted Mortimer Snerd and the man-hungry Effie Klinker. The star remained Charlie, who was always presented as a highly precocious child (albeit in top hat, cape, and monocle)—a debonair, girl-crazy, child-about-town. As a child, and a wooden one at that, Charlie could get away with double entendres which were otherwise impossible under broadcast standards of the time.

Charlie: "May I have a kiss good-bye?"
Dale Evans: "Well, I can't see any harm in that!"
Charlie: "Oh. I wish you could. A harmless kiss doesn't sound very thrilling."

Charlie and Mae West had this conversation in 1937.

Charlie: "Not so loud, Mae, not so loud! All my girlfriends are listening."
Mae: "Oh, yeah! You're all wood and a yard long."
Charlie: "Yeah."
Mae: "You weren't so nervous and backward when you came up to see me at my apartment. In fact, you didn't need any encouragement to kiss me."
Charlie: "Did I do that?"
Mae: "Why, you certainly did. I got marks to prove it. An' splinters, too."

Charlie's feud with W. C. Fields was a regular feature of the show.

W. C. Fields: "Well, if it isn't Charlie McCarthy, the woodpecker's pinup boy!"
Charlie: "Well, if it isn't W.C. Fields, the man who keeps Seagram's in business!"
W. C. Fields: "I love children. I can remember when, with my own little unsteady legs, I toddled from room to room."
Charlie: "When was that? Last night?"
W. C. Fields: "Quiet, Wormwood, or I'll whittle you into a venetian blind."
Charlie: "Ooh, that makes me shutter!"
W. C. Fields: "Tell me, Charles, is it true that your father was a gate-leg table?"
Charlie: "If it is, your father was under it."
W. C. Fields: "Why, you stunted spruce, I'll throw a Japanese beetle on you."
Charlie: "Why, you bar-fly you, I'll stick a wick in your mouth, and use you for an alcohol lamp!"
Charlie: "Pink elephants take aspirin to get rid of W. C. Fields."
W.C. Fields: "Step out of the sun Charles. You may come unglued."
Charlie: "Mind if I stand in the shade of your nose?"
Bergen and Charlie with an NBC-produced comic book On the Air, 1947

Bergen was not a technically skilled ventriloquist, and Charlie McCarthy frequently twitted him for moving his lips. However, Bergen's sense of comedic timing was superb, and he handled Charlie's snappy dialog with aplomb. Bergen's wit in creating McCarthy's striking personality and that of his other characters was the making of the show. Bergen's popularity as a ventriloquist on radio, where the trick of "throwing his voice" was not visible, suggests his appeal was primarily the personality he applied to his characters.

Bergen and McCarthy are sometimes credited with "saving the world"[according to whom?] because, on the night of October 30, 1938, when Orson Welles performed his War of the Worlds radio play that panicked many listeners, most of the American public had instead tuned to Bergen and McCarthy on another station and never heard Welles' play.[citation needed] Conversely, it has also been theorized[according to whom?] that Bergen inadvertently contributed to the hysteria. When the musical portion of Bergen's show, The Chase and Sanborn Hour, aired approximately 12 minutes into the show, many listeners adjusted their dial and found the War of the Worlds presentation already underway with a realistic-sounding reporter detailing terrible events.[citation needed]

Ray Noble was the musical director and composer, and teenage singer Anita Gordon provided the songs on his show.[citation needed] Gordon was said to have been discovered by Charlie, who had a crush on her.

In the fall (autumn) of 1948, Edgar and Charlie faced serious competition from ABC's "jackpot" quiz show, Stop the Music, which suddenly drew more listeners (Fred Allen faced a similar problem because he directly appeared before them). In December 1948, Edgar announced he was temporarily "retiring" from radio, admitting that Stop the Music was too popular to compete with.[citation needed] His final NBC broadcast was on December 26, 1948.

The Charlie McCarthy Show

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In October 1949, Bergen went to CBS, with a new weekly program, The Charlie McCarthy Show, sponsored by Coca-Cola.[7] After their sponsorship ended in June 1952, Warner-Hudnut, Inc., on behalf of "Lanolin Plus" cosmetics, primarily sponsored the series until the end of the 1953–54 season. In October 1954, Kraft Foods sponsored a new Edgar Bergen Hour. After Kraft's departure, the series continued with participating sponsors as a 55-minute series in the fall of 1955. However, because more people were watching television on Sunday nights than listened to radio (and advertisers preferred to sponsor TV shows by then), the series finally ended on July 1, 1956.

Comic strip

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In addition to his work as a ventriloquist, Bergen was also an actor and comic strip creator. He established the syndicated comic strip Mortimer and Charlie, which ran in newspapers from July 10, 1939, to May 1940,[8] illustrated first by Ben Batsford[9] and then by Carl Buettner.[10] The comic strip's writer was uncredited, but some of the gags certainly were lifted from the hit radio show.[11] Between 1947 and 1954 Harvey Eisenberg also drew a comic strip based on Charlie McCarthy, scripted by Bergen.[12]

Films

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In the film Stage Door Canteen (1943) with Charlie McCarthy
In the film Stage Door Canteen (1943) with Mortimer Snerd

Bergen and his alter ego Charlie McCarthy were given top billing in several films, including the Technicolor extravaganza The Goldwyn Follies (1938), opposite the Ritz Brothers. That year they also appeared in You Can't Cheat an Honest Man with W. C. Fields. At the height of their popularity in 1937, Bergen was presented an Honorary Oscar (in the form of a wooden Oscar statuette, the only wooden Oscar given so far) for his creation of Charlie McCarthy. Bergen, along with Charlie McCarthy and Mortimer Snerd, was also featured in the 1938 film Letter of Introduction.[citation needed]

As an actor alone, Bergen portrayed the timid suitor of the sister Trina in I Remember Mama (1948), and appeared in Captain China (1949), The Hanged Man (1964) and Don't Make Waves (1967). Other film roles for the team include Look Who's Laughing (1941) and Here We Go Again (1942), both with Fibber McGee and Molly. Charlie McCarthy wore a US Army uniform in Stage Door Canteen (1943) with Mortimer Snerd. Bergen, McCarthy and Snerd were also featured in Walt Disney's Fun and Fancy Free (1947). He later cameoed in all-star films such as The Phynx (1970), Won Ton Ton, the Dog Who Saved Hollywood (1976), and The Muppet Movie (1979). In 1977, Bergen had made a guest appearance on a second-season episode of The Muppet Show, the highly acclaimed television comedy/variety program produced by Jim Henson who considered Bergen a major inspiration.[13] His daughter Candice had also guest-starred on the show during its first season. Bergen died shortly after filming his Muppet Movie scene, which was also his final public appearance, and was subsequently dedicated to him. In 2009 Bergen was featured in the comedy documentary I'm No Dummy,[14] directed by Bryan W. Simon.

Television appearances

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Bergen interviewing an actual Mortimer Snerd doppelganger in 1956 on the game show Who Do You Trust?
Bergen with Ellen Corby in The Homecoming: A Christmas Story
Guest stars for the 1961 premiere episode of The Dick Powell Show, "Who Killed Julie Greer?". Standing, from left: Ronald Reagan, Nick Adams, Lloyd Bridges, Mickey Rooney, Edgar Bergen, Jack Carson, Ralph Bellamy, Kay Thompson, Dean Jones. Seated, from left, Carolyn Jones and Dick Powell.

Although his regular series never made the transition to television, Bergen made numerous appearances on the medium during his career. His first appearance was with Charlie McCarthy on NBC's pioneering television variety show Hour Glass in November 1946. In a filmed Thanksgiving special, billed as his official TV debut, sponsored by Coca-Cola on CBS in 1950, the new character Podine Puffington was introduced; this saucy Southern belle was as tall as a real woman, in contrast to Bergen's other sit-on-the-knee sized characters. On Christmas Day that same year, Bergen and McCarthy appeared as guests on Walt Disney's first television show, One Hour in Wonderland.

In 1954, Bergen was a co-host on a memorable TV musical special, General Foods 25th Anniversary Show: A Salute to Rodgers and Hammerstein.

On December 26, 1954, Bergen appeared on What's My Line as a mystery guest. Bergen also hosted the television game show Do You Trust Your Wife? in 1956–1957, later succeeded, in a daytime edition, by Johnny Carson.

He appeared in the Christmas 1957 episode of NBC's The Gisele MacKenzie Show. In 1958, Bergen appeared with his 12-year-old daughter Candice on an episode of You Bet Your Life starring Groucho Marx. In 1959, he appeared in the second episode titled "Dossier" of the NBC espionage series Five Fingers starring David Hedison. On May 21, 1959, he guest-starred with Charlie McCarthy on NBC's The Ford Show, Starring Tennessee Ernie Ford. Bergen continued to appear regularly on television during the 1960s and into the 1970s, appearing on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson as late as 1977. He guest-starred as Charlie in the 1960 episode "Moment of Fear" of CBS's The DuPont Show with June Allyson. He did a stint as one of the What's My Line? mystery guests on the popular Sunday night CBS series. His colleague Paul Winchell happened to be a panel member during that episode.[15] Bergen appeared on the NBC interview program Here's Hollywood.

Bergen appeared as Grandpa Zeb Walton in the original Waltons television movie, The Homecoming: A Christmas Story (1971). The role was played by Will Geer in the subsequent TV series. During the run of The Waltons—which took place throughout the 1930s and 1940s—the voices of Bergen and Charlie McCarthy were sporadically heard from the Waltons' radio, as family members regularly tuned in for that program.

He appeared on The Muppet Show in Season 2. His daughter, Candice Bergen had appeared in Season 1.

Family

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X Brands, Frances Bergen, and Jock Mahoney in Yancy Derringer (1959)

In 1941, Bergen met 18-year-old Frances Westerman, a young fashion model who had graduated from Los Angeles High School the prior year. He spotted her in the audience of his radio program, where she was the guest of one of his staff members. A long-distance courtship, spanning years, ensued. The two were married in Mexico on June 28, 1945.

On May 9, 1946, Frances gave birth to future actress Candice Bergen, whose first performances were on Bergen's radio show. By 1950, the family lived on Beverly Grove Drive in Los Angeles.[16] The couple's second child was film and TV editor Kris Bergen. Frances also acted in several movies, co-starred in the 1958 TV series Yancy Derringer, and guest-starred in many other shows.

Death

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Bergen's daughter Candice Bergen and his wife, actress Frances Bergen, at the 62nd Academy Awards in 1990

In mid-September 1978, Bergen announced his retirement and sent his monocled, top-hatted partner, Charlie McCarthy, to the National Museum of American History at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. He opened at Caesar's Palace Hotel Las Vegas on September 27, for a two-week "Farewell to Show Business" engagement. Three days later, on September 30, 1978, he died of kidney disease.[17] Bergen was interred with his parents (buried under their true surname of "Berggren") in Inglewood Park Cemetery, Inglewood, California.

In his will, according to Candice Bergen's memoir, A Fine Romance, he left his daughter nothing but bequeathed his dummy, Charlie McCarthy, $10,000. "I'd chased my father's approval all my life, and here was proof I'd never get it," the actress wrote. "I was hurt, shocked, when I discovered he had left me out of his will." She further explained that her father had provided this inheritance for the dummy so that the funds could be managed, invested, and reinvested to provide for his future performances. She said her father wrote in his will: "I make this provision for sentimental reasons, which to me are vital due to the association with Charlie McCarthy, who has been my constant companion and who has taken on the character of a real person and from whom I have never been separated even for a day." Throughout the book, she suggested that her father seemed to have a stronger kinship with Charlie than with her. The dummy "dominated" her childhood, she explained, and even had his own bedroom in their house. "Those were unique circumstances to grow up in," she wrote. "Sometimes I have to give myself credit for being a functional human being. I knew my father loved me, but with his Swedish reserve, it wasn't his nature to tell me."[18]

In 1990, Bergen was elected to the Radio Hall of Fame, the same year that The Charlie McCarthy Show was selected as an honored program. A message in the closing credits dedicates The Muppet Movie (which featured Bergen and Charlie in their last screen appearance) to the memory and magic of Bergen. In 1991, the United States Postal Service honored him with a 29-cent commemorative stamp.

On October 2, 2006, Bergen's widow, Frances Westerman Bergen, died at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, aged 84, from undisclosed causes.[19] Unlike her husband, she is buried in Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills).

Hollywood Walk of Fame

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Bergen was inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame with three stars in 1960, for his contributions to television, motion pictures, and radio. The stars are located at 6425, 6766, and 6801 Hollywood Boulevard, respectively.[20]

Filmography

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Edgar Bergen". July 29, 2016.
  2. ^ Luce, Tammy (September 21, 1978). "Edgar Bergen And The life that he lead". Home.comcast.net. Archived from the original on October 18, 2013. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
  3. ^ "Edgar Bergen: Alumni Exhibit: Northwestern University Archives". Northwestern Library Exhibits. September 17, 2000. Archived from the original on October 29, 2012. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
  4. ^ "A Plane-Crazy America". AOPA Pilot: 79. May 2014.
  5. ^ a b Dunning, John (1998). On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio (Revised ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 226–230. ISBN 978-0-19-507678-3. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
  6. ^ Poole, Gary (July 11, 2001). Radio Comedy Diary: A Researcher's Guide to the Actual Jokes and Quotes of the Top Comedy Programs of 1947–1950. McFarland. p. 196. ISBN 978-0-7864-5064-0. Retrieved July 19, 2020.
  7. ^ Barfield, Ray (2003). Sterling, Christopher H. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Radio. Taylor & Francis. p. 847. ISBN 978-1-1354-5649-8. Retrieved July 19, 2020.
  8. ^ Holtz, Allan (2012). American Newspaper Comics: An Encyclopedic Reference Guide. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press. p. 277. ISBN 978-0-4721-1756-7.
  9. ^ "Ben Batsford". Lambiek Comicopedia.
  10. ^ "Carl Buettner". Lambiek Comicopedia.
  11. ^ "Obscurity of the Day: Mortimer and Charlie. Holtz, Allan. Stripper's Guide". Strippers Guide. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
  12. ^ "Harvey Eisenberg (11 February 1912 – 22 April 1965, USA)". Lambiek Comicopedia. November 13, 2018. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  13. ^ Garlen, Jennifer C.; Graham, Anissa M. (2009). Kermit Culture: Critical Perspectives on Jim Henson's Muppets. McFarland. p. 218. ISBN 978-0-7864-4259-1.
  14. ^ "Hollywood's Corporate Delusion". Digital Cinema Report. @ IMDb; accessed July 22, 2016.
  15. ^ "Edgar Bergen-What's My Line". YouTube. September 13, 2008. Archived from the original on June 9, 2014. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
  16. ^ "Search | 1950 Census".
  17. ^ "Candice Bergen's Dad Cut Her Out of His Will (But She's Got 'Murphy Brown' Money)". Yahoo! Entertainment. April 3, 2015. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  18. ^ "Candice Bergen Reveals Her Ventriloquist Father Left His Dummy $10,000 and Her Nothing When He Died". Closer. April 7, 2015.
  19. ^ McLellan, Dennis (October 4, 2006). "Frances Bergen, 84; Actress' No. 1 Role Was as Wife and Mother to Stars". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  20. ^ "Edgar Bergen". Hollywood Walk of Fame. Retrieved November 16, 2017.

Further reading

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Audio

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Video

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