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{{use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
{{use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
{{use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
'''Irunkōvēl''', also known as ''Irungkōvēl'', ''Irukkuvēl'', and ''Ilangōvēlir'', was a title of the Irunkōvēl line of [[Velirs|Velir]] kings. The Irunkovel line of kings ruled over ''Konadu'' identified with the [[Kodumbalur]] and surrounding areas in ancient [[Ancient Tamil country|Tamilakkam]]. They trace their lineage to the clan of [[Krishna]]; one of the inscriptions at Kodumbalur belonging to one of the kings in the Irunkovel line, namely Tennavan Irunkōvēl alias Maravan Bhutiyar. They belong to [[Kallar]] family, [[K. A. Nilakanta Sastri]] mentions in his study.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Colas|publisher=G .S .Press |pages= 136 |url= https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.4293/page/n151/mode/2up|author=K. A. Nilakanta Sastri |year=1935}}</ref>


[[File:Moovar Koil Temple.jpg|thumb|right|[[Moovar Koil]] Temple Complex built by Irunkovel chieftain Boothi Vikramakesari]]
'''Irunkōvēl''', also known as '''Irungkōvēl''', '''Irukkuvēl''', and '''Ilangōvēlir''', was a title of the Irunkōvēl line of [[Yadu]] [[Velirs|Velir]] kings were from the kottai vellalar or nangudi vellalar who carries the title erungovel over 1000 years .it mentions there connection to thuvarai [[Dwaraka]].The Irunkovel line of kings ruled over ''Kō nādu'' identified with the Kodumbalur and surrounding areas in ancient [[Ancient Tamil country|Tamilakkam]].


==The contemporary of Karikala==
==The contemporary of Karikala==
The most famous among them was a contemporary of [[Karikala Chola]] as well as poet [[Kapilar]] and lived during the [[Sangam period|Sangam]] era.<ref>Historical heritage of the Tamils, page 287</ref> [[Sangam literature]] mentions a chieftain called Irunkovel who could trace his lineage back over 49 generations to residence in Thuvarai <ref>{{cite book |title=Pivot Politics: Changing Cultural Identities in Early State Formation Processes |page=165 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TXOc1WJVpoQC&pg=PA165 |first=Sudharshan |last=Seneviratne |chapter=The Twilight of ''Perumaka'': South Indian Polity Restructured and Incorporated |editor1-first=Martin |editor1-last=van Bakel |editor2-first=Renee |editor2-last=Hagesteijn |editor3-first=Pieter |editor3-last=van de Velde |year=1994 |publisher=Het Spinhuis}}</ref> He is later defeated by Karikala and becomes a subordinate to the [[Chola]] sovereign.<ref>Studies in Indian epigraphy, Volume 32, page 58</ref>
The most famous among them was a contemporary of [[Karikala Chola]] as well as poet [[Kapilar]] and lived during the [[Sangam period|Sangam]] era.<ref>Historical heritage of the Tamils, page 287</ref> There is a song of Kapilar when Irunkovel would not accept Pari s daughters.<ref>{{cite book |title=The four hundred songs of war and wisdom : an anthology of poems from classical Tamil : the Puṟanāṉūṟu|pages= 128|url=https://archive.org/details/fourhundredsongs00/page/128/mode/1up}}</ref> [[Sangam literature]] mentions a chieftain called Irunkovel who could trace his lineage back over 49 generations to residence in [[Dvārakā]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Pivot Politics: Changing Cultural Identities in Early State Formation Processes |page=165 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TXOc1WJVpoQC&pg=PA165 |first=Sudharshan |last=Seneviratne |chapter=The Twilight of ''Perumaka'': South Indian Polity Restructured and Incorporated |editor1-first=Martin |editor1-last=van Bakel |editor2-first=Renee |editor2-last=Hagesteijn |editor3-first=Pieter |editor3-last=van de Velde |year=1994 |publisher=Het Spinhuis|isbn=9789055890071 }}</ref> He is later defeated by [[Karikala Chola]] and becomes a subordinate to the [[Chola]] sovereign.<ref>Studies in Indian epigraphy, Volume 32, page 58</ref>


== Irungola Cholas ==
== Irungola Cholas ==


The Irungovel chieftains were not merely feudatories but were related to the [[Chola]]s through matrimony.{{cn|date=July 2020}} The [[Chola]]s considered the offspring of these unions as one of their own and referred to them as ''Pillai'' meaning child or son in their epigraphs.{{cn|date=July 2020}} These princes assumed both the Chola and Irungovel titles like for example there was one Adavallan Gangaikonda Cholan alias Irungolan during the time of [[Kulottunga I]] and then there was a certain Sendamangalam Udaiyan Araiyan Edirili Cholan alias Irungolan during the reign of [[Kulothunga_Chola_III|Kulottunga III]].{{cn|date=July 2020}}
The Irungovel chieftains were not merely feudatories but were related to the [[Chola]]s through matrimony.<ref name="Indu Banga Urban History Association of India Nehru Memorial Museum and Library 1991 p.61 ">{{cite book | author=Indu Banga | author2=Urban History Association of India | author3=Nehru Memorial Museum and Library | title=The City in Indian History: Urban Demography, Society, and Politics | publisher=South Asia Publications | year=1991 | isbn=978-0-945921-17-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M2TaAAAAMAAJ&q=irukkuvel%20chola%20matrimonial | access-date=2022-12-20 | page=61}}</ref><ref name="Tirumalai 1994 p.177 ">{{cite book | last=Tirumalai | first=R. | title=Collected Papers: Studies in South Indian Epigraphy and History of Land Organisation, Development and Accounts and Select Chola, and Pandyan Townships | publisher=Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamilnadu | series=T.N.D.A. pub | year=1994 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-C9uAAAAMAAJ&q=irukkuvel+chola+matrimonial | access-date=2022-12-20 | page=177}}</ref> The [[Chola]]s considered the offspring of these unions as one of their own and referred to them as ''Irungolar'' meaning child or son in their epigraphs.{{cn|date=July 2020}} These princes assumed both the Chola and Irungovel titles like for example there was one Adavallan Gangaikonda Cholan alias Irungolan during the time of [[Kulottunga I]] and then there was a certain Sendamangalam Udaiyan Araiyan Edirili Cholan alias Irungolan during the reign of [[Kulothunga_Chola_III|Kulottunga III]].<ref name="Balasubrahmanyam Venkataraman Ramachandran 1979 p.80 ">{{cite book | last1=Balasubrahmanyam | first1=S.R. | last2=Venkataraman | first2=B. | last3=Ramachandran | first3=B. | title=Later Chola Temples: Kulottunga I to Rajendra III (A.D. 1070-1280) | publisher=Mudgala Trust | year=1979 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ujVAAAAMAAJ&q=Gangaikonda+Cholan+alias+Irungolan+during+the+time+of+Kulottunga+I | language=jv | access-date=2022-12-20 | page=80}}</ref>

==Genealogy==
[[Nankudi Vellalar]] (Nangudi Vellalar or Sivakalai Pillaimar), is a Tamil sub caste of Vellalar found in Tamil Nadu, India. They claim descent from the Velir clan of Irungovels.<ref>Ramanathan, P. (1969), Iruṅkoveḷ and the Koṭṭai Veḷāḷar Pg no. 341</ref> The hereditary headman of the caste was always invested with the title Irungovel.<ref>Sinnakani Pg no. 248</ref>


==References==
==References==
Line 22: Line 26:


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
*{{cite journal |title=Iruṅkoveḷ and the Koṭṭai Veḷāḷar--The Possible Origins of a Closed Community |first=P. |last=Ramanathan |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London |volume=32 |issue=2 |year=1969 |pages=323-343 |jstor=614004 }}
*{{cite journal |title=Iruṅkoveḷ and the Koṭṭai Veḷāḷar--The Possible Origins of a Closed Community |first=P. |last=Ramanathan |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London |volume=32 |issue=2 |year=1969 |pages=323–343 |doi=10.1017/S0041977X00055324 |jstor=614004 |s2cid=130792459 }}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Irunkovel}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Irunkovel}}

Latest revision as of 10:10, 1 December 2024

Irunkōvēl, also known as Irungkōvēl, Irukkuvēl, and Ilangōvēlir, was a title of the Irunkōvēl line of Velir kings. The Irunkovel line of kings ruled over Konadu identified with the Kodumbalur and surrounding areas in ancient Tamilakkam. They trace their lineage to the clan of Krishna; one of the inscriptions at Kodumbalur belonging to one of the kings in the Irunkovel line, namely Tennavan Irunkōvēl alias Maravan Bhutiyar. They belong to Kallar family, K. A. Nilakanta Sastri mentions in his study.[1]

Moovar Koil Temple Complex built by Irunkovel chieftain Boothi Vikramakesari

The contemporary of Karikala

[edit]

The most famous among them was a contemporary of Karikala Chola as well as poet Kapilar and lived during the Sangam era.[2] There is a song of Kapilar when Irunkovel would not accept Pari s daughters.[3] Sangam literature mentions a chieftain called Irunkovel who could trace his lineage back over 49 generations to residence in Dvārakā.[4] He is later defeated by Karikala Chola and becomes a subordinate to the Chola sovereign.[5]

Irungola Cholas

[edit]

The Irungovel chieftains were not merely feudatories but were related to the Cholas through matrimony.[6][7] The Cholas considered the offspring of these unions as one of their own and referred to them as Irungolar meaning child or son in their epigraphs.[citation needed] These princes assumed both the Chola and Irungovel titles like for example there was one Adavallan Gangaikonda Cholan alias Irungolan during the time of Kulottunga I and then there was a certain Sendamangalam Udaiyan Araiyan Edirili Cholan alias Irungolan during the reign of Kulottunga III.[8]

Genealogy

[edit]

Nankudi Vellalar (Nangudi Vellalar or Sivakalai Pillaimar), is a Tamil sub caste of Vellalar found in Tamil Nadu, India. They claim descent from the Velir clan of Irungovels.[9] The hereditary headman of the caste was always invested with the title Irungovel.[10]

References

[edit]

Citations

  1. ^ K. A. Nilakanta Sastri (1935). The Colas. G .S .Press. p. 136.
  2. ^ Historical heritage of the Tamils, page 287
  3. ^ The four hundred songs of war and wisdom : an anthology of poems from classical Tamil : the Puṟanāṉūṟu. p. 128.
  4. ^ Seneviratne, Sudharshan (1994). "The Twilight of Perumaka: South Indian Polity Restructured and Incorporated". In van Bakel, Martin; Hagesteijn, Renee; van de Velde, Pieter (eds.). Pivot Politics: Changing Cultural Identities in Early State Formation Processes. Het Spinhuis. p. 165. ISBN 9789055890071.
  5. ^ Studies in Indian epigraphy, Volume 32, page 58
  6. ^ Indu Banga; Urban History Association of India; Nehru Memorial Museum and Library (1991). The City in Indian History: Urban Demography, Society, and Politics. South Asia Publications. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-945921-17-2. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
  7. ^ Tirumalai, R. (1994). Collected Papers: Studies in South Indian Epigraphy and History of Land Organisation, Development and Accounts and Select Chola, and Pandyan Townships. T.N.D.A. pub. Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamilnadu. p. 177. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
  8. ^ Balasubrahmanyam, S.R.; Venkataraman, B.; Ramachandran, B. (1979). Later Chola Temples: Kulottunga I to Rajendra III (A.D. 1070-1280) (in Javanese). Mudgala Trust. p. 80. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
  9. ^ Ramanathan, P. (1969), Iruṅkoveḷ and the Koṭṭai Veḷāḷar Pg no. 341
  10. ^ Sinnakani Pg no. 248

Bibliography

  • Historical heritage of the Tamils By Ca. Vē Cuppiramaṇiyan̲, Ka. Ta Tirunāvukkaracu, International Institute of Tamil Studies
  • Studies in Indian epigraphy, Volume 32 By Epigraphical Society of India

Further reading

[edit]
  • Ramanathan, P. (1969). "Iruṅkoveḷ and the Koṭṭai Veḷāḷar--The Possible Origins of a Closed Community". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 32 (2): 323–343. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00055324. JSTOR 614004. S2CID 130792459.
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