Irunkōvēl: Difference between revisions
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'''Irunkōvēl''', also known as ''Irungkōvēl'', ''Irukkuvēl'', and ''Ilangōvēlir'', was a title of the Irunkōvēl line of [[Velirs|Velir]] kings. The Irunkovel line of kings ruled over ''Konadu'' identified with the Kodumbalur and surrounding areas in ancient [[Ancient Tamil country|Tamilakkam]]. They trace their lineage to the clan of [[Krishna]]; one of the inscriptions at Kodumbalur belonging to one of the kings in the Irunkovel line, namely Tennavan Irunkōvēl alias Maravan Bhutiyar. |
'''Irunkōvēl''', also known as ''Irungkōvēl'', ''Irukkuvēl'', and ''Ilangōvēlir'', was a title of the Irunkōvēl line of [[Velirs|Velir]] kings. The Irunkovel line of kings ruled over ''Konadu'' identified with the [[Kodumbalur]] and surrounding areas in ancient [[Ancient Tamil country|Tamilakkam]]. They trace their lineage to the clan of [[Krishna]]; one of the inscriptions at Kodumbalur belonging to one of the kings in the Irunkovel line, namely Tennavan Irunkōvēl alias Maravan Bhutiyar. They belong to [[Kallar]] family, [[K. A. Nilakanta Sastri]] mentions in his study.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Colas|publisher=G .S .Press |pages= 136 |url= https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.4293/page/n151/mode/2up|author=K. A. Nilakanta Sastri |year=1935}}</ref> |
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[[File:Moovar Koil Temple.jpg|thumb|right|[[Moovar Koil]] Temple Complex built by Irunkovel chieftain Boothi Vikramakesari]] |
[[File:Moovar Koil Temple.jpg|thumb|right|[[Moovar Koil]] Temple Complex built by Irunkovel chieftain Boothi Vikramakesari]] |
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==The contemporary of Karikala== |
==The contemporary of Karikala== |
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The most famous among them was a contemporary of [[Karikala Chola]] as well as poet [[Kapilar]] and lived during the [[Sangam period|Sangam]] era.<ref>Historical heritage of the Tamils, page 287</ref> [[Sangam literature]] mentions a chieftain called Irunkovel who could trace his lineage back over 49 generations to residence in [[Dvārakā]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Pivot Politics: Changing Cultural Identities in Early State Formation Processes |page=165 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TXOc1WJVpoQC&pg=PA165 |first=Sudharshan |last=Seneviratne |chapter=The Twilight of ''Perumaka'': South Indian Polity Restructured and Incorporated |editor1-first=Martin |editor1-last=van Bakel |editor2-first=Renee |editor2-last=Hagesteijn |editor3-first=Pieter |editor3-last=van de Velde |year=1994 |publisher=Het Spinhuis|isbn=9789055890071 }}</ref> He is later defeated by Karikala and becomes a subordinate to the [[Chola]] sovereign.<ref>Studies in Indian epigraphy, Volume 32, page 58</ref> |
The most famous among them was a contemporary of [[Karikala Chola]] as well as poet [[Kapilar]] and lived during the [[Sangam period|Sangam]] era.<ref>Historical heritage of the Tamils, page 287</ref> There is a song of Kapilar when Irunkovel would not accept Pari s daughters.<ref>{{cite book |title=The four hundred songs of war and wisdom : an anthology of poems from classical Tamil : the Puṟanāṉūṟu|pages= 128|url=https://archive.org/details/fourhundredsongs00/page/128/mode/1up}}</ref> [[Sangam literature]] mentions a chieftain called Irunkovel who could trace his lineage back over 49 generations to residence in [[Dvārakā]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Pivot Politics: Changing Cultural Identities in Early State Formation Processes |page=165 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TXOc1WJVpoQC&pg=PA165 |first=Sudharshan |last=Seneviratne |chapter=The Twilight of ''Perumaka'': South Indian Polity Restructured and Incorporated |editor1-first=Martin |editor1-last=van Bakel |editor2-first=Renee |editor2-last=Hagesteijn |editor3-first=Pieter |editor3-last=van de Velde |year=1994 |publisher=Het Spinhuis|isbn=9789055890071 }}</ref> He is later defeated by [[Karikala Chola]] and becomes a subordinate to the [[Chola]] sovereign.<ref>Studies in Indian epigraphy, Volume 32, page 58</ref> |
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== Irungola Cholas == |
== Irungola Cholas == |
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==Genealogy== |
==Genealogy== |
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Nangudi |
[[Nankudi Vellalar]] (Nangudi Vellalar or Sivakalai Pillaimar), is a Tamil sub caste of Vellalar found in Tamil Nadu, India. They claim descent from the Velir clan of Irungovels.<ref>Ramanathan, P. (1969), Iruṅkoveḷ and the Koṭṭai Veḷāḷar Pg no. 341</ref> The hereditary headman of the caste was always invested with the title Irungovel.<ref>Sinnakani Pg no. 248</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Latest revision as of 10:10, 1 December 2024
Irunkōvēl, also known as Irungkōvēl, Irukkuvēl, and Ilangōvēlir, was a title of the Irunkōvēl line of Velir kings. The Irunkovel line of kings ruled over Konadu identified with the Kodumbalur and surrounding areas in ancient Tamilakkam. They trace their lineage to the clan of Krishna; one of the inscriptions at Kodumbalur belonging to one of the kings in the Irunkovel line, namely Tennavan Irunkōvēl alias Maravan Bhutiyar. They belong to Kallar family, K. A. Nilakanta Sastri mentions in his study.[1]
The contemporary of Karikala
[edit]The most famous among them was a contemporary of Karikala Chola as well as poet Kapilar and lived during the Sangam era.[2] There is a song of Kapilar when Irunkovel would not accept Pari s daughters.[3] Sangam literature mentions a chieftain called Irunkovel who could trace his lineage back over 49 generations to residence in Dvārakā.[4] He is later defeated by Karikala Chola and becomes a subordinate to the Chola sovereign.[5]
Irungola Cholas
[edit]The Irungovel chieftains were not merely feudatories but were related to the Cholas through matrimony.[6][7] The Cholas considered the offspring of these unions as one of their own and referred to them as Irungolar meaning child or son in their epigraphs.[citation needed] These princes assumed both the Chola and Irungovel titles like for example there was one Adavallan Gangaikonda Cholan alias Irungolan during the time of Kulottunga I and then there was a certain Sendamangalam Udaiyan Araiyan Edirili Cholan alias Irungolan during the reign of Kulottunga III.[8]
Genealogy
[edit]Nankudi Vellalar (Nangudi Vellalar or Sivakalai Pillaimar), is a Tamil sub caste of Vellalar found in Tamil Nadu, India. They claim descent from the Velir clan of Irungovels.[9] The hereditary headman of the caste was always invested with the title Irungovel.[10]
References
[edit]Citations
- ^ K. A. Nilakanta Sastri (1935). The Colas. G .S .Press. p. 136.
- ^ Historical heritage of the Tamils, page 287
- ^ The four hundred songs of war and wisdom : an anthology of poems from classical Tamil : the Puṟanāṉūṟu. p. 128.
- ^ Seneviratne, Sudharshan (1994). "The Twilight of Perumaka: South Indian Polity Restructured and Incorporated". In van Bakel, Martin; Hagesteijn, Renee; van de Velde, Pieter (eds.). Pivot Politics: Changing Cultural Identities in Early State Formation Processes. Het Spinhuis. p. 165. ISBN 9789055890071.
- ^ Studies in Indian epigraphy, Volume 32, page 58
- ^ Indu Banga; Urban History Association of India; Nehru Memorial Museum and Library (1991). The City in Indian History: Urban Demography, Society, and Politics. South Asia Publications. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-945921-17-2. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
- ^ Tirumalai, R. (1994). Collected Papers: Studies in South Indian Epigraphy and History of Land Organisation, Development and Accounts and Select Chola, and Pandyan Townships. T.N.D.A. pub. Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamilnadu. p. 177. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
- ^ Balasubrahmanyam, S.R.; Venkataraman, B.; Ramachandran, B. (1979). Later Chola Temples: Kulottunga I to Rajendra III (A.D. 1070-1280) (in Javanese). Mudgala Trust. p. 80. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
- ^ Ramanathan, P. (1969), Iruṅkoveḷ and the Koṭṭai Veḷāḷar Pg no. 341
- ^ Sinnakani Pg no. 248
Bibliography
- Historical heritage of the Tamils By Ca. Vē Cuppiramaṇiyan̲, Ka. Ta Tirunāvukkaracu, International Institute of Tamil Studies
- Studies in Indian epigraphy, Volume 32 By Epigraphical Society of India