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{{Short description|Punjabi poet, Sufi mystic, and scholar (1630–1691)}}
'''Sultan Bahu''' was a [[Muslim]], [[Sufi]], [[Saint]] of [[Pakistan]], who founded the [[Sarwari Qadiri]] sufi order.
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sultan Bahu
| caption = Shrine of Sultan Bahu
| native_name = {{nq|سُلطان باہوُ}}
| image = Shrine of bahu.jpg
| alt =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 17 January 1630
| birth_place = [[Shorkot]], [[Subah of Lahore]], [[Mughal Empire]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1691|3|1|1630|1|17|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Jhang]], Subah of Lahore, Mughal Empire
| body_discovered =
| death_cause =
| resting_place = [[#Shrine|Darbar Sultan Bahu]], [[Garh Maharaja]]
| resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} -->
| nationality = Punjabi
| citizenship = [[Mughal Empire]]
| other_names =
| known_for = [[Sufi poetry]]
| education =
| notable works =
| occupation =
| years_active =
| predecessor =
| successor = Syed Mohammad Abdullah Shah Madni Jilani
| spouse =
| partner =
| children =
| father = Bayazid Muhammad
| mother = Mai Rasti-Quds-Sara
| relations =
}}
{{Sufism|Notable early}}


'''Sultan Bahu'''{{efn|{{langx|pa|{{nq|سُلطان باہُو}}}}, ਸੁਲਤਾਨ ਬਾਹੂ}} (also spelled as '''Sultan Bahoo'''; {{IPA-pa|sʊltaːn baːɦuː|lang}}; 17 January 1630 – 1 March 1691), was a [[Punjabi Muslims|Punjabi Muslim]] [[Islamic poetry|poet]], [[Sufi mystic|Sufi]], [[Ulama|scholar]], and [[historian]] of the 17th century.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kamal Aziz|first=Khursheed|title=The Pakistani Historian|publisher=Vanguard|others=Original from the University of Michigan|year=1993}}</ref> Renowned for his mystical poetry, he was active during the reigns of [[Mughal emperor]]s [[Shah Jahan]] and [[Aurangzeb]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Syed Ahmad Saeed Hamadani |title=Sultan Bahu Life & Work}}</ref><ref name="DT" />
Like many sufi saints of [[Indian Subcontinent]], Sultan Bahu was also a prolific writer, with more than forty books on [[Sufism]] attributed to him. However, as the majority of his books deal with specialized subjects related to [[Islam]] and ''Islamic Mysticsm'', it is his [[Punjabi]] poetry, that has caught the popular appeal and made him an household name in the region. His poetical verses are sung in many genres of ''Sufi Music'', including [[qawaali]]s and ''Kaafis''. In particular, tradition has established a particular style of singing his couplets, which is not used in any other genre of sufi music.
(Please see the External Links section for audio resources)


Little is known about Bahu's life, other than what is written in a [[hagiography]] called ''Manaqib-i Sultani'', which was written by one of Bahu's descendants seven generations after Bahu's own time.<ref name="Bāhū1998">{{cite book|author=Sult̤ān Bāhū|title=Death Before Dying: The Sufi Poems of Sultan Bahu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GlECx1j0B4IC|year=1998|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-92046-0}}</ref> According to these records, he was born in [[Shorkot]] into the [[Awan (tribe)|Awan]] tribe.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kumar |first=Raj |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e8o5HyC0-FUC&pg=PA187 |title=Encyclopaedia of Untouchables Ancient, Medieval and Modern |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |year=2008 |isbn=9788178356648 |page=187 |access-date=6 June 2021}}</ref><ref name="frembgen">{{cite book |last=Frembgen |first=Jürgen Wasim |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wzzYAAAAMAAJ |title=The Friends of God: Sufi Saints in Islam, Popular Poster Art from Pakistan |date=2006 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780195470062 |page=103}}</ref> He was son of Bayazid Muhammad, an officer in the [[Mughal Army]], and Rasti.<ref>{{cite book|title=Ganj ul Asrar|author=Sultan Bahu|translator=Hafiz Hamad Ur Rahman|publisher=Sultan ul Faqr Publications|date=29 March 2015|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=12EMCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT7|page=12|isbn=9789699795213}}</ref> He belonged to [[Qadiri]] [[Sufi order]],<ref name="frembgen" /> and started the mystic tradition known as [[Sarwari Qadiri]].<ref name="DT" />
The [[Shrine]] of Sultan Bahu is located in ''Garh Maharaja'', [[Punjab]], [[Pakistan]]. It is a popular and frequently visited sufi shrine of Pakistan, and the ''annual festival'' is celebrated with the usual fervour, which is now a distinguishing feature of what is being called a 'shrine culture' of the [[Indian Subcontinent]].


More than forty books on Sufism are attributed to him (mostly written in [[Persian language|Persian]]), largely dealing with specialised aspects of [[Islam]] and Islamic mysticism. However, it was his [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] poetry which had popular appeal and earned him lasting fame.<ref name="Bāhū1998"/>{{rp|14}} His verses are sung in many genres of Sufi music, including [[qawwali]] and [[kafi]], and tradition has established a unique style of singing his couplets.<ref name="Bāhū1998"/>{{rp|14}}
==Spiritual Geneology / Tareeqa==


==Education==
Sultan Bahu belonged to the [[Qadiri]] [[sufi]] order, and later initiated his own offshoot of [[Sarwari Qadiri]]. Sultan Bahu also refers to Muhiyuddin [[Abdul Qadir Jilani]] as his spiritual Master in a number of his books and poetry, but it is obvious that this relationship must have existed purely in the spiritual domain, as Abdul Qadir Jilani had since died before the birth of Sultan Bahu. However, a majority of sufi orders and saints maintain that [[Abdul Qadir Jilani]] has a special role in the mystic world and thus all Orders and Saints are always indepted to him directly or indirectly in some way.
Sultan Bahu's first teacher was his mother, Mai Rasti. She pushed him to seek spiritual guidance from Shah Habib Gilani.<ref name=DT>{{cite news|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/491621/metaphysics-of-sultan-bahu-dedicated-to-those-with-clear-concepts-of-philosophy/ |date=30 October 2019|title=Metaphysics of Sultan Bahu dedicated to those with clear concepts of philosophy|first=Amjad |last=Parvez|newspaper=Daily Times (newspaper)|access-date=18 May 2020}}</ref>


Around 1668, Sultan Bahu moved to [[Delhi]] for further training under the guidance of [[Syed Abdul Rehman Jilani Dehlvi]], a notable Sufi saint of the [[Qadiriyya]] order, and thereafter returned to [[Punjab]] where he spent the rest of his life.<ref name=DT/>
The complete spiritual lineage (''Silsila'') of Sultan Bahu,
is as follows:


==Literary works==
*[[Sultan Bahu]]
The exact number of books written by Sultan Bahu is not known, but it is assumed to be at least one hundred. Forty of them are on Sufism and Islamic mysticism. Most of his writings are in the Persian language except ''Abyat-e-Bahu'' which is in Punjabi verse.<ref>{{Cite book |last=ibn Ghulam Bahoo |first=Sultan Hamid |url=https://books.google.com.pk/books/about/Urdu_tarjumah_i_kitab_manaqib_i_sultani.html?id=gGIONAAACAAJ&redir_esc=y |title=Manaqib-i-Sultani |publisher=Allah Vale Ki Qaumi Dukan |year=1961 |edition=1st |location=Lahore}}</ref>
*Sayyid Abdur-Rahman
*Sayyid Abdul Jalil
*Sayyid Abdul Baqa
*Sayyid Abdul Sattar
*Sheikh Najmuddin
*Sayyid Yahya Wali
*Sayyid Abdul Jabbar
*Sayyid Abdur Razzaq
*Sheikh [[Abdul Qadir Jilani]]
*Sheikh bu Saeed Al Mubarak
*Sheikh bu Hassan
*Abul Farrah Yusuf
*Walid Abdul Wahid
*Sheikh Shibli
*Shaykh [[Junayd Baghdadi]]
*Sari As Saqati
*Maruf Karkhi
*Daud Tai
*Shah Habib Al Ajami
*Khwaja [[Hassan Basri]]
*[[Ali]] bin Abi Talib
*Prophet [[Muhammad]]


Only the following books written by Sultan Bahu can be found today:
{{div col | small=yes| colwidth=22em}}
* ''Abyat e Bahu''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://apnaorg.com/poetry/bahu/ |author=[[Sharif Sabir|Muhammad Sharif Sabir]]|title=Complete Book of Poems by Sultan Bahu|website=Academy of the Punjab in North America (APNA)|access-date=18 May 2020}}</ref>
* ''Risala e Ruhi''
* ''Sultan ul Waham''
* ''Nur ul Khuda''
* ''Aql e Baidar''
* ''Mahq ul Faqr''
* ''Aurang e Shahi''
* ''Jami ul Israr''
* ''Taufiq e Hidayat''
* ''Kalid Tauheed''
* ''Ain ul Faqr''<ref name=rekhta/>
* ''Israr e Qadri''<ref name=rekhta>[https://www.rekhta.org/Authors/hazrat-sultan-bahu/all Sultan Bahu books on Rekhta.org website] Retrieved 18 May 2020</ref>
* ''Kaleed e Jannat''
* ''Muhqam ul Faqr''
* ''Majlis un Nabi''
* ''Muftah ul Arifeen''
* ''Hujjat ul Israr''
* ''Kashf ul Israar''
* ''Mahabat ul Israr''
* ''Ganj ul Israr''
* ''Fazl ul Liqa''
* ''Dewaan e Bahu''<ref name=rekhta/>
{{div col end}}


== Spiritual lineage ==
==Genealogy==
Sultan Bahu refers to [[Abdul Qadir Jilani]] as his spiritual master, even though Jilani died long before the birth of Sultan Bahu. However, most Sufis maintain that Abdul Qadir Jilani has a special role in the [[Mysticism|mystic]] world and that all orders and saints are always indebted to him directly or indirectly in some way. Thus, whilst referring to Jilani's [[Qadiriyya]] tradition, Sultan Bahu has left an offshoot of his own which he named ''Sarwari Qadiri''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Padam |first=Piara S. |url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=UTGhYgEACAAJ&redir_esc=y |title=Dohrhe Sultan Bahu |year=1984 |edition=1st Pub. 1984}}</ref>.


According to tradition, the lineage reaches Sultan Bahu as follows:<ref name=TNI>[https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/520931-urs-of-sultan-bahu-begins "Urs of Sultan Bahu begins"] ''The News International'' (newspaper), Published 2 September 2019, Retrieved 18 May 2020</ref>
Sultan Bahu was from the progeny of Ali, cousin and son-in-law of Prophet [[Muhammad]]. His family is thus Hashimi, and tribe Awan.
The Awan tribe trace their descent to ''Ameer Shah'', son of ''Qutub Shah''.


{{div col | small=yes| colwidth=22em}}
Afte the incident of [[Karbala]], the household of the Prophet [[Muhammad]] had to migrate to other lands. Many of the descendants of the Prophet who lived in Egypt and nearby lands had to leave for Turkistan and [[Iran]] due to the persecution of [[Hujjaj bin Yusuf]] Safaqi.
# [[Muhammad]]
# [[Ali ibn Abi Talib]]
# [[Hasan al Basri]]
# [[Habib al Ajami]]
# [[Dawud Tai]]
# [[Maruf Karkhi]]
# [[Sirri Saqti]]
# [[Junaid Baghdadi]]
# [[Abu Bakr Shibli]]
# [[Abdul Aziz bin Hars bin Asad Yemeni Tamimi]]
# [[Abu Al Fazal Abdul Wahid Yemeni Tamimi]]
# [[Mohammad Yousaf Abu al-Farah Tartusi]]
# [[Abu-al-Hassan Ali Bin Mohammad Qureshi Hankari]]
# [[Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi]]
# [[Abdul Qadir Jilani]]
# [[Abdul Razzaq Jilani]]
# Abdul Jabbar Jilani
# Syed Mohammad Sadiq Yahya
# Najm-ud-Din Burhan Puri
# Abdul Fattah
# Abdul Sattar
# Abdul Baqqa
# Abdul Jaleel
#[[Syed Abdul Rehman Jilani Dehlvi]]
# '''Sultan Bahu'''


{{div col end}}
As time went by, they resettled in lands such as [[Bukhara]] and Hamadhan in Turkistan, [[Baghdad]] in [[Iraq]]. Some migrated to Khurasan and others to Herat in the mountainous regions of present day [[Afghanistan]].


The tradition has been continued to this day by Sultan Bahu's successors.
The ancestors of Sultan Bahu migrated and settled in [[India]], and the father of Sultan Bahu, ''Bazid Muhammed'' elevated to the rank of an important titleholder the court of the [[Mughal]] Emperors of India.


==Shrine==
The complete genealogy of Sultan Bahu is as follows:


The [[shrine]] of Sultan Bahu is located in [[Garh Maharaja]], Punjab.<ref name="Dehlvi">{{cite book|author=Sadia Dehlvi|title=Sufism: Heart of Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zw_Q2Rbh7yIC&pg=PT185|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers|isbn=978-93-5029-448-2|pages=185–|date=1 December 2013}}</ref> It was originally built on Bahu's grave site until the [[Chenab River]] changed its course causing the need to relocate twice and as witnessed by those present at the time of relocation, claims that his body was still intact at the time.<ref name="Dehlvi"/> It is a popular Sufi shrine, and the annual ''[[Urs]]'' festival commemorating his death is celebrated there with great fervour on the first Thursday of [[Jumada al-Thani]] month. People come from far-off places to join the celebrations.<ref>Book Name: ''Tareekh-e-Jhang'', Author: Iqbal Zuberi, Publisher: Jhang Adibi Academy, Jhang Sadar, Pakistan, First Edition, Date: 2002</ref><ref name=TNI/>
Sultan Bahu, Bazid Muhammed, Fatah Muhammed, Alla-Radatta, Muhammed Tameem, Muhammed Mannan, Mogila, Peera, Muhammed Sughra, Muhammed Noor, Sulla, Muhammed Baharie, Muhammed Jayoon, Muhammed Hargun, Noor Shah, Ameer Shah, Qutub Shah, Emmaan Shah, Husein Shah, Firoze Shah, Mahmud Shah, Fartak Shah, Nawaab Shah, Darrab Shah, Awhum Shah, Abeeq Shah, Ahmed Shah, Ameer Zubeir, Caliph [[Ali]], [[Abu Talib]], [[Abul Mutallib]] (''Grandfather of Prophet [[Muhammad]]''), *[[Hashim]], *[[Abdul Munaf]]


Sultan Bahu also used to hold an annual Urs to commemorate the martyrs of [[Karbala]] from the 1st to the 10th day of the month of [[Muharram]]. This tradition continues to this day and every year, thousands of [[pilgrim]]s visit the shrine during the first ten days of Muharram.<ref name=TNI/>
==Literary Works==


== External Links ==
The actual number of books written by him is not certain. According to tradition, he is supposed to have authored of over hundred works and treatises. The following is a list of the important works of Sultan Bahu that still exist today, and can be traced back to with credibility.
https://www.sultanbahoo.net/


==See also==
Nurul Huda, Risala-e-Roohi, Aql Baidaar , Mahq-ul-Fuqara, Qurb Daidaar,
{{portal|Poetry}}
Aurang-Shaahi, Jami-il-Asraar, Taufiq-Hedaayat, Kaleed Tauheed,
*[[List of famous Sufis]]
Ainul Faqr, Shamsul Arifeen, Magzane Faiz, Ameerul Quonain,
*[[Sufism in Pakistan]]
Asrare Qaderi, Kaleed Jannat, Muhqamul Fuqara, Majaalis-tun Nabi,
Muftahul Arifeen, Hujjatul Asraar, Jannatul Firdaus, Kash-ful Asraar,
Risaala Ruhi Shareef, Abyaat Bahu (poetry), Muhabbatul Asraar,
Ganjul Asraar, Dewaan Bahu, Panj Ganj, Fazlul Laqa, Jhook Sultany,
Ameerul Mumineen.


==References==
Of all the above, Nurul Huda (Light of Guidance), and Risala-e-Roohi (Book of Soul) are more popular, along with the poetry collection, Abiyaate Bahu.
{{notelist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{South Asian Muslim Saints}}
==Related articles==

*[[Sufism]]
{{Authority control}}
*[[List of famous Sufis]]
*[[Sarwari Qadiri]]


{{DEFAULTSORT:Sultan Bahu}}
==External links==
[[Category:Indian Sufi saints]]
*[http://www.apnaorg.com/poetry/bahu Complete Punjabi Poetry of Sultan Bahu]
[[Category:Sufi poets]]
*[http://www.apnaorg.com/music/bahu Sufi Music - Kalaam of Sultan Bahu]
[[Category:1630 births]]
*[http://www.sultanbahu.net The Sultan Bahu network]
[[Category:1691 deaths]]
*[http://www.bahu.co.za Sarwari Qaderi Silsila - South Africa]
[[Category:17th-century Persian-language poets]]
*[http://www.sultanbahu.org.za Sultan Bahu Center, South Africa]
[[Category:Punjabi-language poets]]
*[http://www.hazratsultanbahu.com Free Online Books by Sultan Bahu - English & Urdu]
[[Category:Punjabi Sufi saints]]
*[http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/search-handle-url/index=books-uk&field-author=Sultan%20Bahu/202-1249813-9113463 Death Before Dying, and Other Books - Amazon Books]
[[Category:17th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:17th-century Islamic religious leaders]]
[[Category:17th-century Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Sufi shrines in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Mystic poets]]

Latest revision as of 11:54, 1 December 2024

Sultan Bahu
سُلطان باہوُ
Shrine of Sultan Bahu
Born17 January 1630
Shorkot, Subah of Lahore, Mughal Empire
Died1 March 1691(1691-03-01) (aged 61)
Jhang, Subah of Lahore, Mughal Empire
Resting placeDarbar Sultan Bahu, Garh Maharaja
NationalityPunjabi
CitizenshipMughal Empire
Known forSufi poetry
SuccessorSyed Mohammad Abdullah Shah Madni Jilani
Parents
  • Bayazid Muhammad (father)
  • Mai Rasti-Quds-Sara (mother)
Part of a series on Islam
Sufism
Tomb of Abdul Qadir Gilani, Baghdad, Iraq
Ideas
Practices
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Topics in Sufism
Islam portal

Sultan Bahu[a] (also spelled as Sultan Bahoo; Punjabi: [sʊltaːn baːɦuː]; 17 January 1630 – 1 March 1691), was a Punjabi Muslim poet, Sufi, scholar, and historian of the 17th century.[1] Renowned for his mystical poetry, he was active during the reigns of Mughal emperors Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb.[2][3]

Little is known about Bahu's life, other than what is written in a hagiography called Manaqib-i Sultani, which was written by one of Bahu's descendants seven generations after Bahu's own time.[4] According to these records, he was born in Shorkot into the Awan tribe.[5][6] He was son of Bayazid Muhammad, an officer in the Mughal Army, and Rasti.[7] He belonged to Qadiri Sufi order,[6] and started the mystic tradition known as Sarwari Qadiri.[3]

More than forty books on Sufism are attributed to him (mostly written in Persian), largely dealing with specialised aspects of Islam and Islamic mysticism. However, it was his Punjabi poetry which had popular appeal and earned him lasting fame.[4]: 14  His verses are sung in many genres of Sufi music, including qawwali and kafi, and tradition has established a unique style of singing his couplets.[4]: 14 

Education

[edit]

Sultan Bahu's first teacher was his mother, Mai Rasti. She pushed him to seek spiritual guidance from Shah Habib Gilani.[3]

Around 1668, Sultan Bahu moved to Delhi for further training under the guidance of Syed Abdul Rehman Jilani Dehlvi, a notable Sufi saint of the Qadiriyya order, and thereafter returned to Punjab where he spent the rest of his life.[3]

Literary works

[edit]

The exact number of books written by Sultan Bahu is not known, but it is assumed to be at least one hundred. Forty of them are on Sufism and Islamic mysticism. Most of his writings are in the Persian language except Abyat-e-Bahu which is in Punjabi verse.[8]

Only the following books written by Sultan Bahu can be found today:

  • Abyat e Bahu[9]
  • Risala e Ruhi
  • Sultan ul Waham
  • Nur ul Khuda
  • Aql e Baidar
  • Mahq ul Faqr
  • Aurang e Shahi
  • Jami ul Israr
  • Taufiq e Hidayat
  • Kalid Tauheed
  • Ain ul Faqr[10]
  • Israr e Qadri[10]
  • Kaleed e Jannat
  • Muhqam ul Faqr
  • Majlis un Nabi
  • Muftah ul Arifeen
  • Hujjat ul Israr
  • Kashf ul Israar
  • Mahabat ul Israr
  • Ganj ul Israr
  • Fazl ul Liqa
  • Dewaan e Bahu[10]

Spiritual lineage

[edit]

Sultan Bahu refers to Abdul Qadir Jilani as his spiritual master, even though Jilani died long before the birth of Sultan Bahu. However, most Sufis maintain that Abdul Qadir Jilani has a special role in the mystic world and that all orders and saints are always indebted to him directly or indirectly in some way. Thus, whilst referring to Jilani's Qadiriyya tradition, Sultan Bahu has left an offshoot of his own which he named Sarwari Qadiri[11].

According to tradition, the lineage reaches Sultan Bahu as follows:[12]

  1. Muhammad
  2. Ali ibn Abi Talib
  3. Hasan al Basri
  4. Habib al Ajami
  5. Dawud Tai
  6. Maruf Karkhi
  7. Sirri Saqti
  8. Junaid Baghdadi
  9. Abu Bakr Shibli
  10. Abdul Aziz bin Hars bin Asad Yemeni Tamimi
  11. Abu Al Fazal Abdul Wahid Yemeni Tamimi
  12. Mohammad Yousaf Abu al-Farah Tartusi
  13. Abu-al-Hassan Ali Bin Mohammad Qureshi Hankari
  14. Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi
  15. Abdul Qadir Jilani
  16. Abdul Razzaq Jilani
  17. Abdul Jabbar Jilani
  18. Syed Mohammad Sadiq Yahya
  19. Najm-ud-Din Burhan Puri
  20. Abdul Fattah
  21. Abdul Sattar
  22. Abdul Baqqa
  23. Abdul Jaleel
  24. Syed Abdul Rehman Jilani Dehlvi
  25. Sultan Bahu

The tradition has been continued to this day by Sultan Bahu's successors.

Shrine

[edit]

The shrine of Sultan Bahu is located in Garh Maharaja, Punjab.[13] It was originally built on Bahu's grave site until the Chenab River changed its course causing the need to relocate twice and as witnessed by those present at the time of relocation, claims that his body was still intact at the time.[13] It is a popular Sufi shrine, and the annual Urs festival commemorating his death is celebrated there with great fervour on the first Thursday of Jumada al-Thani month. People come from far-off places to join the celebrations.[14][12]

Sultan Bahu also used to hold an annual Urs to commemorate the martyrs of Karbala from the 1st to the 10th day of the month of Muharram. This tradition continues to this day and every year, thousands of pilgrims visit the shrine during the first ten days of Muharram.[12]

[edit]

https://www.sultanbahoo.net/

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Punjabi: سُلطان باہُو, ਸੁਲਤਾਨ ਬਾਹੂ
  1. ^ Kamal Aziz, Khursheed (1993). The Pakistani Historian. Original from the University of Michigan. Vanguard.
  2. ^ Syed Ahmad Saeed Hamadani. Sultan Bahu Life & Work.
  3. ^ a b c d Parvez, Amjad (30 October 2019). "Metaphysics of Sultan Bahu dedicated to those with clear concepts of philosophy". Daily Times (newspaper). Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  4. ^ a b c Sult̤ān Bāhū (1998). Death Before Dying: The Sufi Poems of Sultan Bahu. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-92046-0.
  5. ^ Kumar, Raj (2008). Encyclopaedia of Untouchables Ancient, Medieval and Modern. Gyan Publishing House. p. 187. ISBN 9788178356648. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
  6. ^ a b Frembgen, Jürgen Wasim (2006). The Friends of God: Sufi Saints in Islam, Popular Poster Art from Pakistan. Oxford University Press. p. 103. ISBN 9780195470062.
  7. ^ Sultan Bahu (29 March 2015). Ganj ul Asrar. Translated by Hafiz Hamad Ur Rahman. Sultan ul Faqr Publications. p. 12. ISBN 9789699795213.
  8. ^ ibn Ghulam Bahoo, Sultan Hamid (1961). Manaqib-i-Sultani (1st ed.). Lahore: Allah Vale Ki Qaumi Dukan.
  9. ^ Muhammad Sharif Sabir. "Complete Book of Poems by Sultan Bahu". Academy of the Punjab in North America (APNA). Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  10. ^ a b c Sultan Bahu books on Rekhta.org website Retrieved 18 May 2020
  11. ^ Padam, Piara S. (1984). Dohrhe Sultan Bahu (1st Pub. 1984 ed.).
  12. ^ a b c "Urs of Sultan Bahu begins" The News International (newspaper), Published 2 September 2019, Retrieved 18 May 2020
  13. ^ a b Sadia Dehlvi (1 December 2013). Sufism: Heart of Islam. HarperCollins Publishers. pp. 185–. ISBN 978-93-5029-448-2.
  14. ^ Book Name: Tareekh-e-Jhang, Author: Iqbal Zuberi, Publisher: Jhang Adibi Academy, Jhang Sadar, Pakistan, First Edition, Date: 2002
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Sultan_Bahu&oldid=1260554346"