Coast Salish languages: Difference between revisions

Coast Salish
Coast Salish
Geographic; distribution	Salish Sea (Strait of Georgia (British Columbia, Canada) and Puget Sound (Washington state)
Linguistic classification	Salishan
Subdivisions	Central Salish; Tsamosan †; Tillamook †;
Language codes
Glottolog	None
	Distribution of Coast Salish languages in the early 19th century

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The Coast Salish languages, also known as the Central Salish languages,^[1] are a branch of the Salishan language family. These languages are spoken by First Nations or Native American peoples inhabiting the Pacific Northwest, in the territory that is now known as the southwest coast of British Columbia around the Strait of Georgia and Washington State around Puget Sound. The term "Coast Salish" also refers to the cultures in British Columbia and Washington who speak one of these languages or dialects.

Geography

The Coast Salish languages are spoken around most of the Georgia and Puget Sound Basins, an area that encompasses the sites of the modern-day cities of Vancouver, British Columbia, Seattle, Washington, and others. Archeological evidence indicates that Coast Salish peoples may have inhabited the area as far back as 9000 BCE. What is now Seattle, for example, has been inhabited since the end of the last glacial period (c. 8,000 BCE—10,000 years ago).^[2]

In the past, the Nuxálk language (also known as Bella Coola) of British Columbia's Central Coast has also been considered Coast Salish. This language shares at least one phonological change with Coast Salish (the merger of the Proto-Salish pharyngeal approximants with the uvular fricatives), but it also displays certain similarities to the Interior Salish languages. If it is indeed a member of the Coast Salish branch, it was the first to split off from the rest.^{[citation needed]}

Classification

The Coast Salish languages can be classified in anywhere from one to three branches. The Tsamosan and Tillamook languages are often considered by linguists to be independent branches under the Salishan language family, and not part of the Coast Salish branch.^[1]^[3]

Overview

Below is a list of the Coast Salish languages.^[1]^[3] Languages and dialects with no living native speakers are marked with †.

Coast Salish
- Coast (Central) Salish
  - Comox †^[a]
    - Island Comox (ʔayʔajusəm)^{[citation needed]} †
    - Sliammon (ʔayajuθəm;^{[citation needed]} also known as Mainland Comox) †
  - Pentlatch †^[a]
  - shíshálh (also known as Sechelt)
  - Squamish (Sḵwx̱wú7mesh sníchim)^{[citation needed]}
  - Halkomelem
    - Upriver Halkomelem (Halq̓eméylem)^{[citation needed]}
    - Downriver Halkomelem (hən̓q̓əmin̓əm̓)^{[citation needed]}
    - Island Halkomelem (Hul̓q̓umín̓um̓)^{[citation needed]}
  - Nooksack (Lhéchelesem)^[4]^[5] †^[a]
  - Northern Straits (also known as North Straits)
    - Saanich (SENĆOŦEN)^{[citation needed]}
    - T'Souke
    - Lekwungen (also known as Songhees)
    - Semiahmoo
    - Lummi (Xwlemi' Chosen)^{[citation needed]}
    - Samish (Xws7ámeshqen)^[6]
  - S'Klallam (nəxʷsƛ̕áy̓emúcən;^[7] also known as Klallam) †^[a]
  - Lushootseed †^[a]
    - Northern Lushootseed (dxʷləšucid)^[8] †^[a]
    - Southern Lushootseed (txʷəlšucid, xʷəlšucid;^[9] also known as Twulshootseed or Whulshootseed) †^[a]
  - Twana (tuwaduq; also known as Skokomish)^[10] †^[a]
- Tsamosan^[b] †
  - Quinault (Kʷínaył)^{[citation needed]} †^[a]
  - Lower Chehalis (Łəw̓ál̕məš)^{[citation needed]} †
  - Upper Chehalis (Q̉ʷay̓áyiłq̉)^{[citation needed]} †
    - Satsop †
  - Cowlitz (ƛʼpúlmixq)^[11] †^[a]
- Tillamook/Oregon Salish^[3]^[b] †
  - Tillamook (Hutyáyu, Hutyéyu)^{[citation needed]} †
    - Tillamook †
    - Siletz †

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Currently undergoing revitalization.
^ ^a ^b Sometimes considered an independent branch, not part of the Coast Salish languages

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Thompson, Laurence C.; Kinkade, Dale (1990). Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 7. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 34–35. ISBN 9780160203909.
^ Carlson, Keith Thor, ed. (2001). A Stó:lō-Coast Salish Historical Atlas. Vancouver, BC: Douglas & McIntyre. pp. 6–18. ISBN 1-55054-812-3.
^ ^a ^b ^c van Eijk, Jan P. (Fall 2017). "Salish Words for 'Black Bear' and 'Grizzly Bear'". Anthropological Linguistics. 59 (3): 324–325 – via JSTOR.
^ "About Us". Nooksack Indian Tribe. 2023-09-21. Retrieved 2023-09-22.
^ Richardson, Allan (2011). Nooksack Place Names: Geography, Culture, and Language. Vancouver: UBC Press. ISBN 9780774820455.
^ "Language". Samish Indian Nation. Retrieved 2023-06-24.
^ "Klallam Language". klallamlanguage.org. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
^ Bates, Dawn; Hess, Thom; Hilbert, Vi (1994). Lushootseed Dictionary. Seattle: University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0295973234.
^ "About Twulshootseed". Puyallup Tribal Language. Retrieved 2023-10-27.
^ Drachman, Gaberell (2020). tuwaduq - The Twana Language E-Dictionary Project (PDF). Skokomish Indian Tribe.
^ "Cowlitz Coast Salish Dictionary". Cowlitz Salish Dictionary. Cowlitz Indian Tribe. Retrieved 2023-11-08.

Bibliography

Bates, Dawn, Hess, Thom, and Hilbert, Vi; map by Dassow, Laura, 1994, Lushootseed dictionary, University of Washington Press, Seattle and London, ISBN 978-0-295-97323-4. (alk. paper) Revised and expanded update of Hess, Thom, Dictionary of Puget Salish (University of Washington Press, 1976). Accessed Sep 24, 2009.
Boyd, Robert (1999). The Coming of the Spirit of Pestilence: Introduced Infectious Diseases and Population Decline Among Northwest Coast Indians. Seattle and Vancouver: University of Washington Press and University of British Columbia Press. ISBN 978-0-295-97837-6. (alk. paper)
Cole, Douglas and Chaikin, Ira (1990). An iron hand upon the people: the law against the potlatch on the Northwest coast. Vancouver and Seattle: Douglas & McIntyre and University of Washington Press.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) ISBN 978-0-295-97050-9. (acid-free paper)
Czaykowska-Higgins, Ewa and M. Dale Kinkade (1998) "Salish languages and linguistics" in ibid. (eds.) Salish Languages and Linguistics: Theoretical and Descriptive Perspectives. New York: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 1–71. ISBN 978-3-11-015492-4.
Dailey, Tom (2006-06-14). "Duwamish-Seattle". Coast Salish Villages of Puget Sound. Retrieved 2006-04-21.
Page links to Village Descriptions Duwamish-Seattle section [1].
Dailey referenced "Puget Sound Geography" by T. T. Waterman. Washington DC: National Anthropological Archives, mss. [n.d.] [ref. 2];
Duwamish et al. vs. United States of America, F-275. Washington DC: US Court of Claims, 1927. [ref. 5];
"Indian Lake Washington" by David Buerge in the Seattle Weekly, 1–7 August 1984 [ref. 8];
"Seattle Before Seattle" by David Buerge in the Seattle Weekly, 17–23 December 1980. [ref. 9];
The Puyallup-Nisqually by Marian W. Smith. New York: Columbia University Press, 1940. [ref. 10].
Recommended start is "Coast Salish Villages of Puget Sound" [2].
Kroeber, Paul D. (1999) The Salish Language Family: Reconstructing Syntax. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, ISBN 978-0-8032-2740-8.
Lange, Greg (2003-02-04) [2000-12-08]. "Smallpox Epidemic of 1862 among Northwest Coast and Puget Sound Indians". HistoryLink.org Essay 5171. Retrieved 2006-07-21.
Lange referenced a very extensive list.
Summary article
- Lange, Greg (2000-12-08). "Smallpox kills 14,000 Northwest Coast Indians from April to December 1862". HistoryLink.org Essay 3176. Retrieved 2006-07-21.
  Lange referenced Lange, "Smallpox Epidemic of 1862 among Northwest Coast and Puget Sound Indians" [3], HistoryLink.org Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History. Accessed 8 December 2000.
Miller, Jay (Lenape) (1996). "Seattle (Si'al)". In Hoxie, Frederick E. (ed.). Encyclopedia of North American Indians. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 574–6. ISBN 978-0-395-66921-1.
"The people and their land". Puget Sound Native Art and Culture. Seattle Art Museum. 2003-07-04. per "Native Art of the Northwest Coast: Collection Insight" (Archived 2006-05-11 at the Wayback Machine. Additional archives: 2012-12-05 at Archive.today.). Retrieved 2006-04-21. ^{[dead link‍]}
Suttles, Wayne; Lane, Barbara (1990-08-20). "South Coast Salish". In Sturtevant, William C. (ed.). Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 7. Northwest coast. Washington: Smithsonian Institution. p. 491. ISBN 0-87474-187-4. (v. 7).
Talbert, Paul (2006-05-01). "SkEba'kst: The Lake People and Seward Park". The History of Seward Park. SewardPark.org. Archived from the original on 2005-12-14. Retrieved 2006-06-06.
Thompson, Lawrence C; Kinkade, M. Dale (1990-08-20). "Languages". In Sturtevant, William C. (ed.). Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 7. Northwest coast. Washington: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 30–51. ISBN 0-87474-187-4. (v. 7). Wayne Suttles (ed.)

External links

"Salishan Language Family." Native Languages of the Americas website

[rev1-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Currently undergoing revitalization.

[separate-12] Sometimes considered an independent branch, not part of the Coast Salish languages

[:3-1] Thompson, Laurence C.; Kinkade, Dale (1990). Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 7. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 34–35. ISBN 9780160203909.

[Atlas-2] Carlson, Keith Thor, ed. (2001). A Stó:lō-Coast Salish Historical Atlas. Vancouver, BC: Douglas & McIntyre. pp. 6–18. ISBN 1-55054-812-3.

[:4-3] van Eijk, Jan P. (Fall 2017). "Salish Words for 'Black Bear' and 'Grizzly Bear'". Anthropological Linguistics. 59 (3): 324–325 – via JSTOR.

[5] "About Us". Nooksack Indian Tribe. 2023-09-21. Retrieved 2023-09-22.

[:12-6] Richardson, Allan (2011). Nooksack Place Names: Geography, Culture, and Language. Vancouver: UBC Press. ISBN 9780774820455.

[:02-7] "Language". Samish Indian Nation. Retrieved 2023-06-24.

[:5-8] "Klallam Language". klallamlanguage.org. Retrieved 2023-10-26.

[:0-9] Bates, Dawn; Hess, Thom; Hilbert, Vi (1994). Lushootseed Dictionary. Seattle: University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0295973234.

[:1-10] "About Twulshootseed". Puyallup Tribal Language. Retrieved 2023-10-27.

[:2-11] Drachman, Gaberell (2020). tuwaduq - The Twana Language E-Dictionary Project (PDF). Skokomish Indian Tribe.

[13] "Cowlitz Coast Salish Dictionary". Cowlitz Salish Dictionary. Cowlitz Indian Tribe. Retrieved 2023-11-08.

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@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 | family        = [[Salishan languages|Salishan]]
 | child1        = [[Central Salish languages|Central Salish]]
-| child2        = [[Tsamosan languages|Tsamosan]]
+| child2        = [[Tsamosan languages|Tsamosan]] †
 | child3        = [[Tillamook language|Tillamook]] †
 | glotto        = none
@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 }}
-The '''Coast Salish languages''' are a branch of the [[Salishan languages|Salishan language]] family. These languages are spoken by [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]] or [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] peoples inhabiting the [[Pacific Northwest]], in the territory that is now known as the southwest coast of [[British Columbia]] around the [[Strait of Georgia]] and [[Washington (state)|Washington State]] around [[Puget Sound]]. The term "[[Coast Salish peoples|Coast Salish]]" also refers to the cultures in British Columbia and Washington who speak one of these languages or dialects.
+The '''Coast Salish languages''', also known as the '''Central Salish languages''',<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Thompson |first=Laurence C. |title=Handbook of North American Indians |last2=Kinkade |first2=Dale |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |year=1990 |isbn=9780160203909 |volume=7 |location=Washington, D.C. |pages=34-35}}</ref> are a branch of the [[Salishan languages|Salishan language]] family. These languages are spoken by [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]] or [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] peoples inhabiting the [[Pacific Northwest]], in the territory that is now known as the southwest coast of [[British Columbia]] around the [[Strait of Georgia]] and [[Washington (state)|Washington State]] around [[Puget Sound]]. The term "[[Coast Salish peoples|Coast Salish]]" also refers to the cultures in British Columbia and Washington who speak one of these languages or dialects.
 == Geography ==
 The Coast Salish languages are spoken around most of the [[Georgia Depression|Georgia]] and [[Puget Sound]] Basins, an area that encompasses the sites of the modern-day cities of [[Vancouver|Vancouver, British Columbia]], [[Seattle|Seattle, Washington]], and others. Archeological evidence indicates that Coast Salish peoples may have inhabited the area as far back as 9000 BCE. What is now Seattle, for example, has been inhabited since the end of the last [[Ice age#Glacial stages in North America|glacial period]] (c. 8,000 BCE&mdash;10,000 years ago).<ref name = "Atlas">{{cite book | editor=Carlson, Keith Thor  | title= A Stó:lō-Coast Salish Historical Atlas | location=Vancouver, BC | publisher=Douglas & McIntyre | year=2001 | pages = 6–18 | isbn=1-55054-812-3}}</ref>
-In the past, the [[Nuxalk Nation|Nuxálk]] (or Bella Coola) of British Columbia's Central Coast have also been considered Coast Salish. This language shares at least one phonological change with Coast Salish (the merger of the Proto-Salish pharyngeal approximants with the uvular fricatives), but it also displays certain similarities to the Interior Salish languages. If it is indeed a member of the Coast Salish branch, it was the first to split off from the rest.
+In the past, the [[Nuxalk Nation|Nuxálk]] language (also known as Bella Coola) of British Columbia's Central Coast has also been considered Coast Salish. This language shares at least one phonological change with Coast Salish (the merger of the Proto-Salish pharyngeal approximants with the uvular fricatives), but it also displays certain similarities to the [[Interior Salish languages]]. If it is indeed a member of the Coast Salish branch, it was the first to split off from the rest.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}
-== Languages ==
+== Classification ==
+The Coast Salish languages can be classified in anywhere from one to three branches. The Tsamosan and Tillamook languages are often considered by linguists to be independent branches under the Salishan language family, and not part of the Coast Salish branch.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=van Eijk |first=Jan P. |date=Fall 2017 |title=Salish Words for 'Black Bear' and 'Grizzly Bear' |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26528944 |journal=Anthropological Linguistics |volume=59 |issue=3 |pages=324-325 |via=JSTOR}}</ref>
-Listings are from north to south.  Peoples generally inhabited the mentioned watershed and the shores if a body of water is mentioned, as well as further environs.  Adjacent tribes or nations often shared adjacent resources and other
-practices, so boundaries were seldom distinct.  Languages and dialects with no living speakers are marked with (†).
+=== Overview ===
-{| class="wikitable" width="95%"
+Below is a list of the Coast Salish languages.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> Languages and dialects with no living native speakers are marked with {{extinct}}.
-|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
-! Language
+{{tree list}}
-! Endonym
+* '''Coast Salish'''
-! IPA
+** '''Coast (Central) Salish'''
-! Communities which speak, or historically spoke, the language
+*** [[Comox language|'''Comox''']] {{extinct}}'''{{efn|Currently undergoing revitalization.|name=rev1}}'''
-|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
+**** Island Comox ({{Lang|com|ʔayʔajusəm}}){{Citation needed|date=November 2023}} {{extinct}}
-| '''[[Island Comox]]''' (†)
+**** Sliammon (''{{Lang|com|ʔayajuθəm}}'';{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}} also known as Mainland Comox) {{extinct}}
-''also known as''
+*** [[Pentlatch language|'''Pentlatch''']] {{extinct}}'''{{efn|Currently undergoing revitalization.|name=rev1}}'''
-'''Kʼómoks'''
+*** [[shíshálh language|'''shíshálh''']] (also known as '''Sechelt''')
-| ''ʔayʔajusəm''
+*** [[Squamish language|'''Squamish''']] ({{Langx|squ|Sḵwx̱wú7mesh sníchim|label=none}}){{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}
-|
+*** '''[[Halkomelem]]'''
-| [[Comox people|Comox]], Island Comox ([[Courtenay, British Columbia|Courtenay]] area).
+**** Upriver Halkomelem ({{Langx|hur|Halq̓eméylem|label=none}}){{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}
-|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
+**** Downriver Halkomelem ({{Langx|hur|hən̓q̓əmin̓əm̓|label=none}}){{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}
-| '''[[Mainland Comox]]'''
+**** Island Halkomelem ({{Langx|hur|Hul̓q̓umín̓um̓|label=none}}){{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}
-''also known as''
+*** [[Nooksack language|'''Nooksack''']] ({{Langx|nok|Lhéchelesem|label=none}})<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-21 |title=About Us |url=https://nooksacktribe.org/about/ |access-date=2023-09-22 |website=Nooksack Indian Tribe |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite book |last=Richardson |first=Allan |title=Nooksack Place Names: Geography, Culture, and Language |publisher=UBC Press |year=2011 |isbn=9780774820455 |location=Vancouver}}</ref> {{extinct}}'''{{efn|Currently undergoing revitalization.|name=rev1}}'''
-'''[[Sliammon]]'''
+*** [[North Straits Salish language|'''Northern Straits''']] (also known as '''North Straits''')
-| ''ʔayajuθəm''
+**** [[Saanich dialect|Saanich]] (''{{Langx|str|SENĆOŦEN|label=none}}''){{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}
-|
+**** T'Souke
-| [[Homalco]] (Xwemalhkwu), [[Klahoose]], and [[Sliammon]] (Tla A'min).
+**** Lekwungen (also known as Songhees)
-|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
+**** Semiahmoo
-| '''[[Pentlatch language|Pentlatch]]''' (†)'''{{efn|Currently undergoing revitalization.|name=rev1}}'''
+**** [[Lummi dialect|Lummi]] (''{{Langx|str|Xwlemi' Chosen|label=none}}''){{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}
-''also known as''
+**** [[Samish dialect|Samish]] (''{{Langx|str|Xws7ámeshqen|label=none}}'')<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Language |url=https://www.samishtribe.nsn.us/departments/language |access-date=2023-06-24 |website=Samish Indian Nation}}</ref>
-'''Pentl'ach'''
+*** [[Klallam language|'''S'Klallam''']] (''nəxʷsƛ̕áy̓emúcən;''<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Klallam Language |url=https://klallamlanguage.org/ |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=klallamlanguage.org}}</ref> also known as '''Klallam''') {{extinct}}'''{{efn|Currently undergoing revitalization.|name=rev1}}'''
-|
+*** '''[[Lushootseed]]''' {{extinct}}'''{{efn|Currently undergoing revitalization.|name=rev1}}'''
-|
+**** Northern Lushootseed ({{Langx|lut|dxʷləšucid|label=none}})<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Bates |first=Dawn |title=Lushootseed Dictionary |last2=Hess |first2=Thom |last3=Hilbert |first3=Vi |publisher=[[University of Washington Press]] |year=1994 |isbn=978-0295973234 |location=Seattle}}</ref> {{extinct}}'''{{efn|Currently undergoing revitalization.|name=rev1}}'''
-| [[Qualicum First Nation]]
+**** [[Whulshootseed dialect|Southern Lushootseed]] ({{Langx|slh|txʷəlšucid, xʷəlšucid|label=none}};<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=About Twulshootseed |url=https://www.puyalluptriballanguage.org/about/ |access-date=2023-10-27 |website=Puyallup Tribal Language}}</ref> also known as Twulshootseed or Whulshootseed) {{extinct}}'''{{efn|Currently undergoing revitalization.|name=rev1}}'''
-|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
+*** [[Twana language|'''Twana''']] ({{Langx|twa|tuwaduq|label=none}}; also known as '''Skokomish''')<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Drachman |first=Gaberell |url=https://www.skokomish.org/Twana/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Tuwaduq-Twana-Language-Project-EDictionary.pdf |title=tuwaduq - The Twana Language E-Dictionary Project |publisher=[[Skokomish Indian Tribe]] |year=2020}}</ref> {{extinct}}'''{{efn|Currently undergoing revitalization.|name=rev1}}'''
-| rowspan=3|'''[[Halkomelem]]'''
+**'''Tsamosan{{Efn|Sometimes considered an independent branch, not part of the Coast Salish languages|name=separate}}''' {{extinct}}
-| ''Hul'q'umín'um'''
+*** [[Quinault language|'''Quinault''']] ({{Lang|qun|Kʷínaył}}){{Citation needed|date=November 2023}} {{extinct}}'''{{efn|Currently undergoing revitalization.|name=rev1}}'''
-|
+*** [[Lower Chehalis language|'''Lower Chehalis''']] ({{Lang|cea|Łəw̓ál̕məš}}){{Citation needed|date=November 2023}} {{extinct}}
-| [[Snaw-naw-as]], [[Snuneymuxw]], [[Somena]], [[Chemainus]], [[Cowichan peoples|Cowichan]], [[Halalt]], [[Lyackson First Nation|Lyackson]], [[Hwlitsum First Nation|Lamalchi]], and [[Penelakut]].
+*** [[Upper Chehalis language|'''Upper Chehalis''']] ({{Lang|cjh|Q̉ʷay̓áyiłq̉}}){{Citation needed|date=November 2023}} {{extinct}}
-|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
+**** Satsop {{extinct}}
-| ''Hǝn̓q̓ǝmin̓ǝm̓''
+*** [[Cowlitz language|'''Cowlitz''']] ({{Lang|cow|ƛʼpúlmixq}})<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cowlitz Coast Salish Dictionary |url=https://dictionary.cowlitzsalish.org/ |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=Cowlitz Salish Dictionary |publisher=[[Cowlitz Indian Tribe]]}}</ref> {{extinct}}'''{{efn|Currently undergoing revitalization.|name=rev1}}'''
-|
+** '''Tillamook/Oregon Salish<ref name=":4" />{{Efn|Sometimes considered an independent branch, not part of the Coast Salish languages|name=separate}}''' {{extinct}}
-| [[Musqueam]], [[Tsleil-waututh First Nation|Tsleil-waututh]], [[Kwikwetlem First Nation|Kwikwetlem]], [[Tsawwassen First Nation|Tsawwassen]], Kwantlen (both Halkomelem and Halkomelem or up river and down river).
+*** [[Tillamook language|'''Tillamook''']] ({{Lang|til|Hutyáyu, Hutyéyu}}){{Citation needed|date=November 2023}} {{extinct}}
-|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
+**** Tillamook {{extinct}}
-| ''Halq'eméylem'', ''Stó:lō, Teyt''
+**** Siletz {{extinct}}
-| [[Help:IPA/English|/ˌhɒlkəˈmeɪləm/]]
+{{tree list/end}}
-| [[Aitchelitz First Nation|Aitchelitz]], [[Chawathil First Nation|Chawathil]], [[Cheam Indian Band|Cheam]], [[Chehalis First Nation|Chehalis (Sts'Ailes)]], [[Katzie First Nation|Katzie]], [[Kwantlen First Nation|Kwantlen]], [[Kwaw-kwaw-Apilt First Nation|Kwaw-kwaw-Apilt]], [[Leq' a: mel First Nation|Leq'a:mel]], [[Matsqui First Nation|Matsqui]], [[Peters Band|Peters]], [[Popkum First Nation|Popkum]], [[Scowlitz First Nation|Scowlitz (Skaulits)]], [[Seabird Island First Nation|Seabird Island]], [[Shxw'ow'hamel First Nation|Shxw'ow'hamel]], [[Skawahlook First Nation|Skawahlook]], [[Skowkale First Nation|Skowkale]], [[Skwah First Nation|Skwah]], [[Skway First Nation|Skway (Shxwhá:y)]], [[Soowahlie First Nation|Soowahlie]], [[Squiala First Nation|Squiala]], [[Sumas First Nation|Sumas]], [[Tzeachten First Nation|Tzeachten]], [[Union Bar First Nation|Union Bar]], [[:New Westminster Indian Band]], and [[Yakweakwioose First Nation]]s.
-|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
-| '''[[Sechelt language|Sechelt]]'''
-| ''Shíshalh, Sháshíshálhem''
-| [[Help:IPA|/siʃɜlt/]]
-| [[Shishalh]]
-|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
-| '''[[Squamish language|Squamish]]'''
-| ''Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Snichim''
-| [[Help:IPA/English|/ˈskwɔːmɪʃ/]]
-|  [[Squamish people|Squamish]]
-|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
-| '''[[Nooksack language|Nooksack]]''' (†)'''{{efn|name=rev1}}'''
-| {{Lang-nok|Lhéchelesem|label=none}}
-| [[Help:IPA|/ɬə.t͡ʃə.lə.səm/]]
-| [[Nooksack people|Nooksack]] ({{Lang-nok|Noxwsá7aq|label=none}})
-|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
-| rowspan="3" | [[North Straits Salish language|'''North Straits Salish''']]
-| ''SENĆOŦEN''
-| [[Help:IPA|/sənˈt͡ʃɑs̪ən/]]
-| [[Saanich people|Saanich]], [[T'sou-ke Nation|T'souke]]
-|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
-| ''Xwlemi' Chosen''
-| [[Help:IPA|/xʷləmi tʃɔsən/]]
-| [[Lummi]] ''({{Lang-str|Lhaq'temish|label=none}} or {{Lang-str|Xwlemi'|label=none}})''
-|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
-|''Xws7ámeshqen''
-|
-|[[Samish people|Samish]] ''({{Lang-str|Xws7ámesh|label=none}})''
-|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
-| '''[[Klallam language|Klallam]]''' (†)'''{{efn|name=rev1}}'''
-''also known as'' '''S'Klallam'''
-| ''nəxʷsƛ̕áy̓emúcən''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Klallam Language |url=https://klallamlanguage.org/ |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=klallamlanguage.org}}</ref>
-| [[Help:IPA|''/''nəxʷst͡ɬʼajˀˈmut͡sn/]]
-| [[Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe|Lower Elwha Klallam]], [[Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe of Washington|Jamestown S'Klallam]], [[Port Gamble Band of S'Klallam Indians|Port Gamble S'Klallam]], [[Scia'new First Nation]]
-|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
-| rowspan="3" | '''[[Lushootseed|Lushootseed]]''' (†){{efn|name=rev1}}
-| ''dxʷləšucid''<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Bates |first=Dawn |title=Lushootseed Dictionary |last2=Hess |first2=Thom |last3=Hilbert |first3=Vi |publisher=[[University of Washington Press]] |year=1994 |isbn=978-0295973234 |location=Seattle}}</ref>
-|
-| [[Upper Skagit Indian Tribe|Upper Skagit]] ({{Lang-lut|sqaǰətabš|label=none}}),<ref name=":0" /> [[Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe of Washington|Sauk-Suiattle]] ({{Lang-lut|saʔqʷəbixʷ-suyaƛ̕bixʷ|label=none}}), [[Swinomish]] ({{Lang-lut|swədəbš|label=none}}),<ref name=":0" /> [[Stillaguamish people|Stillaguamish]] ({{Lang-lut|stuləgʷabš|label=none}}),<ref name=":0" /> and [[Tulalip]] ({{Lang-lut|dxʷlilap|label=none}})<ref name=":0" />
-|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
-|''txʷəlšucid''<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=About Twulshootseed |url=https://www.puyalluptriballanguage.org/about/ |access-date=2023-10-27 |website=Puyallup Tribal Language}}</ref>
-|
-|[[Duwamish people|Duwamish]] ({{Lang-lut|dxʷdəwʔabš|label=none}}),<ref name=":0" /> [[Suquamish]] ({{Lang-lut|suq̓ʷabš|label=none}}),<ref name=":0" /> [[Puyallup people|Puyallup]] ({{Lang-lut|spuyaləpabš|label=none}}), [[Nisqually people|Nisqually]] ({{Lang-lut|dxʷsqʷaliʔabš|label=none}}),<ref name=":0" /> and [[Squaxin Island Tribe|Squaxin]] ({{Lang-lut|sqʷax̌sədabš|label=none}})<ref name=":0" />
-|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
-|''xʷəlšucid''<ref name=":1" />
-|
-|[[Muckleshoot]] ({{Lang-lut|bəqəlšuɬ|label=none}})<ref name=":0" /> and [[Snoqualmie people|Snoqualmie]] ({{Lang-lut|sdukʷalbixʷ|label=none}})<ref name=":0" />
-|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
-| '''[[Twana language|Twana]]''' (†)
-''also known as''
-'''Skokomish'''
-| ''tuwaduq''<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Drachman |first=Gaberell |url=https://www.skokomish.org/Twana/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Tuwaduq-Twana-Language-Project-EDictionary.pdf |title=tuwaduq - The Twana Language E-Dictionary Project |publisher=[[Skokomish Indian Tribe]] |year=2020}}</ref>
-|
-|  [[Skokomish people|Skokomish]] ({{Lang-twa|squqəʔbəš|label=none}})<ref name=":2" />
-|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
-| '''[[Cowlitz language|Cowlitz]]''' (†){{efn|name=rev1}}
-|
-|
-| [[Chehalis people|Chehalis]]
-|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
-| '''[[Quinault language|Quinault]]''' (†)
-| ''Kʷínaył''
-|
-| [[Quinault people|Quinault]]
-|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
-| '''[[Tillamook language|Tillamook]]''' (†)
-| ''Hutyáyu, Hutyéyu''
-|
-| [[Tillamook people|Tillamook]]
-|}
 == Notes ==
@@ Line 158: / Line 88: @@
 ** {{cite web | last =Lange | first =Greg | date =2000-12-08 | url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=3176 | title =Smallpox kills 14,000 Northwest Coast Indians from April to December 1862. | work =HistoryLink.org Essay 3176 | access-date =2006-07-21 }}  <br>Lange referenced Lange, "Smallpox Epidemic of 1862 among Northwest Coast and Puget Sound Indians" [https://web.archive.org/web/20041106114041/http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=5171], HistoryLink.org ''Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History''.  Accessed 8 December 2000.
 * {{cite encyclopedia | last =Miller | first =Jay (Lenape) | editor =Hoxie, Frederick E. | encyclopedia =Encyclopedia of North American Indians | title =Seattle (Si'al) | year =1996 | publisher =Houghton Mifflin| location =Boston | isbn =978-0-395-66921-1| pages =574&ndash;6}}<!--| access-date =2006-05-21 -->
-* {{cite web | date =2003-07-04 |at= per [http://www.seattleartmuseum.org/exhibit/exhibitDetail.asp?WHEN=PAST&eventID=2926 "Native Art of the Northwest Coast: Collection Insight"] | url=http://www.seattleartmuseum.org/Learn/Teach/SongStorySpeech/Content/SalishArtCulture.htm | title =The people and their land | work =Puget Sound Native Art and Culture | publisher =Seattle Art Museum | access-date =2006-04-21}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}
+* {{cite web |date=2003-07-04 |at=per [http://www.seattleartmuseum.org/exhibit/exhibitDetail.asp?WHEN=PAST&eventID=2926 "Native Art of the Northwest Coast: Collection Insight"] ({{Webarchive |url1=https://web.archive.org/web/20060511155030/http://www.seattleartmuseum.org:80/Exhibit/exhibitDetail.asp?WHEN=PAST&eventID=2926 |date1=2006-05-11 |url2=https://archive.today/20121205074409/http://www.seattleartmuseum.org/exhibit/exhibitDetail.asp?WHEN=PAST&eventID=2926 |date2=2012-12-05 |title2=2012-12-05 at Archive.today }}) |url=http://www.seattleartmuseum.org/Learn/Teach/SongStorySpeech/Content/SalishArtCulture.htm |title=The people and their land |work=Puget Sound Native Art and Culture |publisher=Seattle Art Museum |access-date=2006-04-21}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}
 * {{cite encyclopedia | last =Suttles | first =Wayne |author2=Lane, Barbara | editor =Sturtevant, William C. | encyclopedia =[[Handbook of North American Indians#Volume 7|Handbook of North American Indians]] | title =South Coast Salish | date =1990-08-20 | publisher =Smithsonian Institution | volume =7. Northwest coast | location =Washington | id =(v. 7) | page =491| isbn =0-87474-187-4 }}
 * {{cite web|last=Talbert |first=Paul |date=2006-05-01 |url=http://www.sewardpark.org/sewardpark/history.html |title=SkEba'kst: The Lake People and Seward Park |work=The History of Seward Park |publisher=SewardPark.org |access-date=2006-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051214035236/http://www.sewardpark.org/sewardpark/history.html |archive-date=2005-12-14 |url-status=dead }}