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{{Short description|German World War II submarine}}
⚫
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
{{Infobox ship image
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|Ship motto=
|Ship motto=
|Ship nickname=
|Ship nickname=
|Ship fate=Taken over by Japan, May 1945
|Ship fate=Taken over by Japan on 5 May 1945
|Ship notes=
|Ship notes=
}}
}}
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|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Empire of Japan|naval}}
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Empire of Japan|naval}}
|Ship name= ''I-506''
|Ship name= ''I-506''
|Ship acquired= May 1945
|Ship acquired= 5 May 1945
|Ship commissioned= 15 July 1945
|Ship commissioned= 15 July 1945
|Ship homeport=
|Ship homeport=
|Ship motto=
|Ship motto=
|Ship nickname=
|Ship nickname=
|Ship fate= Surrendered, August 1945; scuttled by the RN, [[Ship breaking|broken up]], 1947
|Ship fate=*Surrendered in August 1945
*[[Scuttling|Scuttled]] on 15 February 1946
*Refloated and [[Ship breaking|scrapped]] in 1947
|Ship notes=
|Ship notes=
}}
}}
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|Ship class=[[German Type IX submarine#Type IXD|Type IXD1]] [[submarine]]
|Ship class=[[German Type IX submarine#Type IXD|Type IXD1]] [[submarine]]
|Ship displacement=
|Ship displacement=
*{{convert|1610|t|LT|abbr=on}} surfaced
*{{convert|1610|t|LT|abbr=on|lk=on}} surfaced
*{{convert|1799|t|LT|abbr=on}} submerged
*{{convert|1799|t|LT|abbr=on}} submerged
|Ship length=
|Ship length=
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*2 × [[diesel engine]]s
*2 × [[diesel engine]]s
*2 × [[Motor-generator|electric motors]]
*2 × [[Motor-generator|electric motors]]
|ship speed=
|Ship speed=
*{{convert|20.8|kn}} surfaced
*{{convert|20.8|kn}} surfaced
*{{convert|6.9|kn}} submerged
*{{convert|6.9|kn}} submerged
|Ship range=
|Ship range=
*{{convert|12,750|nmi|lk=in|abbr=on}} at {{convert|10|kn}} surfaced
*{{convert|12750|nmi|lk=in|abbr=on}} at {{convert|10|kn}} surfaced
*{{convert|213|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|4|kn}} submerged
*{{convert|213|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|4|kn}} submerged
|Ship test depth={{convert|230|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|Ship test depth={{convert|230|m|ft|abbr=on}}
Line 67: Line 71:
*6 × [[torpedo tube]]s (four bow, two stern)
*6 × [[torpedo tube]]s (four bow, two stern)
*22 × {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} [[torpedo]]es
*22 × {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} [[torpedo]]es
*1 × [[10.5 cm SK L/45 naval gun|{{convert|10.5|cm|in|abbr=on}} SK L/45 deck gun]] (150 rounds)
*1 × [[10.5 cm SK C/32 naval gun|{{convert|10.5|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/32 naval gun]] (150 rounds)
*1 × [[3.7 cm SK C/30|{{convert|3.7|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} SK C/30]] AA gun
*[[anti-aircraft gun]]s
*2 × [[2 cm FlaK 30|{{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30]] [[anti-aircraft gun]]s
|Ship notes=
|Ship notes=
}}
}}
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|is_ship= yes
|is_ship= yes
|label= Service record (''Kriegsmarine'')<ref name="uboatnet">{{Cite web
|label= Service record (''Kriegsmarine'')<ref name="uboatnet">{{Cite web
|url= http://uboat.net/boats/u195.htm
|url = http://uboat.net/boats/u195.htm
|title=The Type IXD1 boat U-195
|title = The Type IXD1 boat U-195
|last=Helgason
|last = Helgason
|first=Guðmundur
|first = Guðmundur
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|website = German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|accessdate=6 March 2010
|access-date = 6 March 2010
|url-status = live
⚫
}}</ref><ref name="patrols">{{Cite web
|url= http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/u195.html
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100217110543/http://www.uboat.net/boats/u195.htm
⚫
|archive-date = 17 February 2010}}</ref><ref name="patrols">{{Cite web
⚫
|title=War Patrols by German U-boat U-195
|url = http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/u195.html
⚫
|last=Helgason
⚫
|title = War Patrols by German U-boat U-195
⚫
|first=Guðmundur
|last = Helgason
⚫
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|first = Guðmundur
⚫
|accessdate=6 March 2010
|website = German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
⚫
}}</ref>
⚫
|access-date = 6 March 2010
|url-status = live
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080706182324/http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/u195.html
|archive-date = 6 July 2008}}</ref>
|partof=
|partof=
*[[4th U-boat Flotilla]]
*[[4th U-boat Flotilla]]
*5 September 1942 - 31 March 1943
*5 September 1942 – 31 March 1943
*[[12th U-boat Flotilla]]
*[[12th U-boat Flotilla]]
*1 May 1943 - 30 September 1944
*1 April – 1 September 1943
*1 May – 30 September 1944
*[[33rd U-boat Flotilla]]
*[[33rd U-boat Flotilla]]
*1 October 1944 - 8 May 1945
*1 October 1944 – 5 May 1945
|codes=
|codes=M 49 317
|commanders=
|commanders=
*''[[K.Kapt.]]'' Heinz Buchholz
*''[[K.Kapt.]]'' Heinz Buchholz
*5 September 1942 - 17 October 1943
*5 September 1942 – 17 October 1943
*''[[Oblt.z.S.]]'' Friedrich Steinfeldt
*''[[Oblt.z.S.]]'' Friedrich Steinfeldt
*16 April 1944 - 8 May 1945
*16 April 1944 – 5 May 1945
|operations=
|operations=*3 patrols:
*Three
*1st patrol:
*1st patrol:
*20 March - 23 July 1943
*20 March – 23 July 1943
*2nd patrol:
*2nd patrol:
*24 August - 28 December 1944
*24 August – 28 December 1944
*3rd patrol:
*3rd patrol:
*19 January - 4 March 1945
*a. 19 January – 4 March 1945
*b. 5 – 7 March 1945
|victories=
|victories=
*Two commercial ships sunk ({{GRT|14,391}})
*2 merchant ships sunk <br />({{GRT|14,391}})
*One commercial ship damaged ({{GRT|6,797|link=off}})
*1 merchant ship damaged <br />({{GRT|6,797}})
}}
{{Infobox service record
|is_ship=yes
|label =Service record (IJN)<ref name="ijnsubsite">{{cite web
|url=http://ijnsubsite.info/I-Sub%20Details/I-506.htm
|title=I-506
|website=IJN Submarine Service – Ijnsubsite.info
|access-date=3 June 2023
⚫
}}</ref>
|partof=
*[[Southern Expeditionary Fleet (Imperial Japanese Navy)|2nd Southern Expeditionary Fleet]]
*15 July – August 1945
|commanders=None
|operations=None
|victories=None
}}
}}
|}
|}
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'''German submarine ''U-195''''' was a [[German Type IX submarine#Type IXD|Type IXD1]] transport [[U-boat]] which served in [[World War II]]. The submarine was [[Keel laying|laid down]] on 15 May 1941 at the [[DeSchiMAG]] [[AG Weser]] yard in [[Bremen]] as yard number 1041, [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 8 April 1942, and [[Ship commissioning|commissioned]] on 5 September 1942 under the command of ''[[Korvettenkapitän]]'' Heinz Buchholz.<ref name="uboatnet"/>
'''German submarine ''U-195''''' was a [[German Type IX submarine#Type IXD|Type IXD1]] transport [[U-boat]] which served in [[World War II]]. The submarine was [[Keel laying|laid down]] on 15 May 1941 at the [[DeSchiMAG]] [[AG Weser]] yard in [[Bremen]] as yard number 1041, [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 8 April 1942, and [[Ship commissioning|commissioned]] on 5 September 1942 under the command of ''[[Korvettenkapitän]]'' Heinz Buchholz.<ref name="uboatnet"/>


''U-195'' was one of two IX-D1 transport U-boats that had their forward [[torpedo tube]]s removed and the compartment converted into a cargo hold. The other IX-D1 was {{GS|U-180||2}}, which was lost in the [[Bay of Biscay]] in 1944 whilst setting out for a voyage to [[Japan]]. (''U-180'' had been trialled originally with six [[diesel engine]]s driving two [[propeller shaft]]s, but overheating proved such a problem that these engines were removed and replaced with a pair of 2,200&nbsp;hp [[MAN SE|MAN]] [[diesel engine]]s). It is unclear if ''U-195'' underwent the same engine history as ''U-180'', but it seems likely.
''U-195'' was one of two IX-D1 transport U-boats that had their forward [[torpedo tube]]s removed and the compartment converted into a cargo hold. The other IX-D1 was {{GS|U-180||2}}, which was lost in the [[Bay of Biscay]] in 1944 whilst setting out for a voyage to Japan. (''U-180'' had been trialled originally with six [[diesel engine]]s driving two [[propeller shaft]]s, but overheating proved such a problem that these engines were removed and replaced with a pair of 2,200&nbsp;hp [[MAN SE|MAN]] [[diesel engine]]s). It is unclear if ''U-195'' underwent the same engine history as ''U-180'', but it seems likely.


==Design==
==Design==
[[German Type IX submarine#Type IXD|German Type IXD2 submarines]] were considerably larger than the original [[German Type IX submarine|Type IX]]s. ''U-195'' had a displacement of {{convert|1610|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|1799|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=74-75}} The U-boat had a total length of {{convert|87.58|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a [[pressure hull]] length of {{convert|68.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a [[beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|7.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|10.20|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a [[draught (ship)|draught]] of {{convert|5.35|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two [[MAN SE|MAN]] M 9 V 40/46 [[supercharged]] four-stroke, nine-cylinder [[diesel engine]]s plus two [[MWM GmbH|MWM]] RS34.5S six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines for cruising, producing a total of {{convert|9000|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two [[Siemens-Schuckert]] 2 GU 345/34 [[Motor–generator|double-acting electric motors]] producing a total of {{convert|1000|shp|PS kW|-1}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.85|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} [[propeller]]s. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|200|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=74-75}}
[[German Type IX submarine#Type IXD|German Type IXD2 submarines]] were considerably larger than the original [[German Type IX submarine|Type IX]]s. ''U-195'' had a displacement of {{convert|1610|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|1799|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=74–75}} The U-boat had a total length of {{convert|87.58|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a [[pressure hull]] length of {{convert|68.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a [[beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|7.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|10.20|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a [[draught (ship)|draught]] of {{convert|5.35|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two [[MAN SE|MAN]] M 9 V 40/46 [[supercharged]] four-stroke, nine-cylinder [[diesel engine]]s plus two [[MWM GmbH|MWM]] RS34.5S six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines for cruising, producing a total of {{convert|9000|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two [[Siemens-Schuckert]] 2 GU 345/34 [[Motor–generator|double-acting electric motors]] producing a total of {{convert|1000|shp|PS kW|-1}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.85|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} [[propeller]]s. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|200|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=74–75}}


The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|20.8|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|6.9|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=74-75}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|121|nmi}} at {{convert|2|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|12750|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. ''U-195'' was fitted with six {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 24 [[torpedo]]es, one [[10.5 cm SK C/32 naval gun|{{convert|10.5|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/32 naval gun]], 150 rounds, and a {{convert|3.7|cm|in|abbr=on}} with 2575 rounds as well as two {{convert|2|cm|in|abbr=on}} anti-aircraft guns with 8100 rounds. The boat had a [[Ship's company|complement]] of fifty-five.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=74-75}}
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|20.8|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|6.9|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=74–75}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|121|nmi}} at {{convert|2|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|12750|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. ''U-195'' was fitted with six {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 24 [[torpedo]]es, one [[10.5 cm SK C/32 naval gun|{{convert|10.5|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/32 naval gun]], 150 rounds, and a [[3.7 cm SK C/30|{{convert|3.7|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} SK C/30]] with 2575 rounds as well as two [[2 cm FlaK 30|{{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30]] anti-aircraft guns with 8100 rounds. The boat had a [[Ship's company|complement]] of fifty-five.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=74–75}}


==Operational history==
==Operational history==


===1st patrol===
===First patrol===
''U-195'' departed [[Kiel]] on 20 March 1943 and sailed to the waters off [[Union of South Africa|South Africa]] where she sank two ships and damaged another.<ref>{{Cite web
''U-195'' departed [[Kiel]] on 20 March 1943 and sailed to the waters off [[Union of South Africa|South Africa]] where she sank two ships and damaged another.<ref>{{Cite web
|url= http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_4099.html
|url = http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_4099.html
|title=Patrol of U-boat U-195 from 20 Mar 1943 to 23 Jul 1943
|title = Patrol of U-boat U-195 from 20 Mar 1943 to 23 Jul 1943
|last=Helgason
|last = Helgason
|first=Guðmundur
|first = Guðmundur
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|website = German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|accessdate=6 March 2010
|access-date = 6 March 2010
|url-status = live
⚫
}}</ref>
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081010224406/http://www.uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_4099.html
|archive-date = 10 October 2008}}</ref>


On 11 April she torpedoed the American 7,200 ton [[liberty ship]] ''James W. Denver'' about {{convert|475|nmi|abbr=on}} west of [[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria|Las Palmas]], [[Canary Islands]]. The ship, a straggler from [[List of World War II convoys|Convoy UGS-7]] en route from Baltimore to Casablanca, was loaded with sugar, acid, flour, aircraft parts, vehicles, bulldozers and had twelve [[P-38 Lightning]] aircraft as deck cargo. The crew of 69 abandoned ship in five lifeboats. The U-boat then fired two more torpedoes which sank the vessel.<ref>{{Cite web
On 11 April she torpedoed the American 7,200 GRT [[liberty ship]] ''James W. Denver'' about {{convert|475|nmi|abbr=on}} west of [[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria|Las Palmas]], [[Canary Islands]]. The ship, a straggler from [[List of World War II convoys|Convoy UGS-7]] en route from Baltimore to Casablanca, was loaded with sugar, acid, flour, aircraft parts, vehicles, bulldozers and had twelve [[P-38 Lightning]] aircraft as deck cargo. The crew of 69 abandoned ship in five lifeboats. The U-boat then fired two more torpedoes which sank the vessel.<ref>{{Cite web
|url= http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/2865.html
|url = http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/2865.html
|title=James W. Denver (Steam merchant)
|title = James W. Denver (Steam merchant)
|last=Helgason
|last = Helgason
|first=Guðmundur
|first = Guðmundur
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|website = German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|accessdate=6 March 2010
|access-date = 6 March 2010
|url-status = live
}}</ref>
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100612190720/http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/2865.html
|archive-date = 12 June 2010}}</ref>


Another unescorted liberty ship, ''Samuel Jordan Kirkwood'' was torpedoed on 7 May about {{convert|125|nmi|abbr=on}} southeast of [[Ascension Island]]. The crew of 71 abandoned ship in four lifeboats and a raft before the U-boat sank the ship with another torpedo.<ref>{{Cite web
Another unescorted liberty ship, ''Samuel Jordan Kirkwood'' was torpedoed on 7 May about {{convert|125|nmi|abbr=on}} southeast of [[Ascension Island]]. The crew of 71 abandoned ship in four lifeboats and a raft before the U-boat sank the ship with another torpedo.<ref>{{Cite web
|url= http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/2913.html
|url = http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/2913.html
|title=Samuel Jordan Kirkwood (Steam merchant)
|title = Samuel Jordan Kirkwood (Steam merchant)
|last=Helgason
|last = Helgason
|first=Guðmundur
|first = Guðmundur
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|website = German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|accessdate=6 March 2010
|access-date = 6 March 2010
|url-status = live
}}</ref>
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100612190524/http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/2913.html
|archive-date = 12 June 2010}}</ref>


On 12 May, the unescorted 6,797 ton American merchant ship ''Cape Neddick'' was hit by two torpedoes. One failed to explode, while the other tore a hole {{convert|25|ft|abbr=on}} by {{convert|30|ft|abbr=on}} in the side. Still under way, the ship's [[United States Navy Armed Guard|armed guards]] opened fire at the U-boat with their {{convert|4|in|mm|abbr=on}}, {{convert|3|in|mm|abbr=on}}, and 20&nbsp;mm guns. The vessel began to sink, and most of the crew abandoned ship in two lifeboats and three rafts. After more than an hour the master and six volunteers re-boarded the ship and got her under way, just as ''U-195'' fired another torpedo, which missed. The next day, the ship returned to pick up the men in the boats and rafts, and on 16 May arrived safely at [[Walvis Bay]], South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web
On 12 May, the unescorted 6,797 GRT American merchant ship ''Cape Neddick'' was hit by two torpedoes. One failed to explode, while the other tore a hole {{convert|25|ft|abbr=on}} by {{convert|30|ft|abbr=on}} in the side. Still under way, the ship's [[United States Navy Armed Guard|armed guards]] opened fire at the U-boat with their {{convert|4|in|mm|abbr=on}}, {{convert|3|in|mm|abbr=on}}, and 20&nbsp;mm guns. The vessel began to sink, and most of the crew abandoned ship in two lifeboats and three rafts. After more than an hour the master and six volunteers re-boarded the ship and got her under way, just as ''U-195'' fired another torpedo, which missed. The next day, the ship returned to pick up the men in the boats and rafts, and on 16 May arrived safely at [[Walvis Bay]], South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web
|url= http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/2922.html
|url = http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/2922.html
|title=Cape Neddick (Steam merchant)
|title = Cape Neddick (Steam merchant)
|last=Helgason
|last = Helgason
|first=Guðmundur
|first = Guðmundur
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|website = German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|accessdate=6 March 2010
|access-date = 6 March 2010
|url-status = live
⚫
}}</ref> ''U-195'' arrived at Bordeaux on 23 July after a patrol lasting 126 days.<ref name="patrols"/>
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100612190706/http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/2922.html
⚫
|archive-date = 12 June 2010}}</ref> ''U-195'' arrived at Bordeaux on 23 July after a patrol lasting 126 days.<ref name="patrols"/>


===2nd patrol===
===Second patrol===
Now under the command of ''Oblt.z.S.'' Friedrich Steinfeldt, ''U-195'' left [[Bordeaux]] in occupied France on 24 August 1944 and arrived at [[Jakarta|Batavia]] (now part of Indonesia), 127 days later on 28 December.<ref>{{Cite web
Now under the command of ''Oblt.z.S.'' Friedrich Steinfeldt,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uboat.net/men/commanders/1224.html |title=Friedrich Steinfeldt: Oberleutnant zur See der Reserve (entry, Jahrgang 40) |work=uboat.net |date= |access-date=26 November 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241126213247/https://uboat.net/men/commanders/1224.html |archive-date=26 November 2024}}</ref> ''U-195'' left [[Bordeaux]] in occupied France on 24 August 1944 and arrived at [[Jakarta|Batavia]] (now part of Indonesia), 127 days later on 28 December.<ref>{{Cite web
|url= http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_4100.html
|url = http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_4100.html
|title=Patrol of U-boat U-195 from 24 Aug 1944 to 28 Dec 1944
|title = Patrol of U-boat U-195 from 24 Aug 1944 to 28 Dec 1944
|last=Helgason
|last = Helgason
|first=Guðmundur
|first = Guðmundur
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|website = German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|accessdate=6 March 2010
|access-date = 6 March 2010
|url-status = live
}}</ref>
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081011194749/http://www.uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_4100.html
|archive-date = 11 October 2008}}</ref>


Amongst her cargo were parts of 12 dismantled [[V-2 rocket]]s for the Japanese military. {{GS|U-219||2}} also carried part of the same V-2 rocket consignment. Both U-boats arrived at [[Batavia, Dutch East Indies|Batavia]] in December 1944. These two U-boats are also thought to have carried [[Uranium oxide]] requested for Japan's [[Japanese nuclear weapon program|atomic bomb project]] by General [[Toranouke Kawashima]] in July 1943. The signals requesting Uranium were part of the [[Purple (cipher machine)|PURPLE]] decrypts which have since been declassified by the [[United States]].<ref>Wilcox, Robert K., ''Japan's Secret War''</ref>
Amongst her cargo were parts of 12 dismantled [[V-2 rocket]]s for the Japanese military. {{GS|U-219||2}} also carried part of the same V-2 rocket consignment. Both U-boats arrived at [[Batavia, Dutch East Indies|Batavia]] in December 1944. These two U-boats are also thought to have carried [[Uranium oxide]] requested for Japan's [[Japanese nuclear weapon program|atomic bomb project]] by General [[Toranouke Kawashima]] in July 1943. The signals requesting Uranium were part of the [[Purple (cipher machine)|PURPLE]] decrypts which have since been declassified by the United States. U-195 head north to Brunei in order to refuel for the next journey.<ref>Wilcox, Robert K., ''Japan's Secret War''</ref>


===3rd patrol===
===Third patrol===
''U-195''{{'}}s final patrol involved an abortive attempt by several U-boats to sail back to Europe. Leaving Batavia on 19 January 1945 she sailed out into the Indian Ocean, south of [[Madagascar]].<ref>{{Cite web
''U-195''{{'}}s final patrol involved an abortive attempt by several U-boats to sail back to Europe. Leaving Batavia on 19 January 1945 she sailed out into the Indian Ocean, south of [[Madagascar]].<ref>{{Cite web
|url= http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_4101.html
|url = http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_4101.html
|title=Patrol of U-boat U-195 from 19 Jan 1945 to 4 Mar 1945
|title = Patrol of U-boat U-195 from 19 Jan 1945 to 4 Mar 1945
|last=Helgason
|last = Helgason
|first=Guðmundur
|first = Guðmundur
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|website = German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|accessdate=6 March 2010
|access-date = 6 March 2010
|url-status = live
⚫
}}</ref> There she refuelled U-boats of the ''[[Monsun Gruppe]]'' and then returned to Batavia on 4 March.
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080907153512/http://www.uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_4101.html
⚫
|archive-date = 7 September 2008}}</ref> There she refuelled U-boats of the ''[[Monsun Gruppe]]'' and then returned to Batavia on 4 March.


===Imperial Japanese Navy===
===Imperial Japanese Navy===
After Germany's surrender in early May 1945, ''U-195'' was taken over by the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]] and was commissioned as ''I-506'' on 15 July. The U-boat surrendered to the Allies at Batavia in August 1945, she was scuttled later that month<ref name="uboatnet"/> and was [[Ship breaking|broken up]] in 1947. Some members of the German crew were apprehended by Dutch military forces in Malang (East-Java) on 1 August 1947<ref>http://proxy.handle.net/10648/c8569997-e185-7055-81c5-f70cad6da942</ref>
After Germany's surrender in early May 1945, ''U-195'' was taken over by the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]] and was commissioned as ''I-506'' on 15 July. The U-boat surrendered to the Allies at Batavia in August 1945, she was scuttled on 15 February 1946<ref name="uboatnet"/> and was [[Ship breaking|broken up]] in 1947. Some members of the German crew were apprehended by Dutch military forces in Malang (East-Java) on 1 August 1947<ref>{{cite web|url=http://proxy.handle.net/10648/c8569997-e185-7055-81c5-f70cad6da942|title=Fotocollectie » Zoeken – gahetNA|website=proxy.handle.net|access-date=25 April 2018}}</ref>


==Summary of raiding history==
==Summary of raiding history==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
! Date
! Date
! Name
! Name
! Nationality
! Nationality
! Tonnage<br/>([[Gross register tonnage|GRT]])
! Tonnage<br />([[Gross register tonnage|GRT]])
! Fate
! Fate<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://uboat.net/boats/successes/u195.html
|title=Ships hit by U-195
⚫
| last=Helgason
⚫
| first=Guðmundur
⚫
| website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
⚫
}}</ref>
|-
|-
| 11 April 1943 || ''James W. Denver'' || {{flag|USA|1912}} || 7,200 || Sunk
| 11 April 1943 || [[List of shipwrecks in April 1943#11 April|''James W. Denver'']] || {{flag|United States|1912}} || 7,200 || Sunk
|-
|-
| 7 May 1943 || ''Samuel Jordan Kirkwood''|| {{flag|USA|1912}} || 7,191 || Sunk
| 7 May 1943 || [[List of shipwrecks in May 1943#7 May|''Samuel Jordan Kirkwood'']]|| {{flag|United States|1912}} || 7,191 || Sunk
|-
|-
|12 May 1943 || ''Cape Neddick'' || {{flag|USA|1912}} || 6,797 || Damaged
|12 May 1943 || [[List of shipwrecks in May 1943#12 May|''Cape Neddick'']] || {{flag|United States|1912}} || 6,797 || Damaged
|-
|-
|}
|}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{reflist}}


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
{{Refbegin}}
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite book | last1 = Busch | first1 = Rainer | last2 = Röll | first2 = Hans-Joachim | translator-last = Brooks | translator-first = Geoffrey | title = German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary | publisher = Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press | location = London, Annapolis, Md | year = 1999 | isbn = 1-55750-186-6 }}
*{{cite book
*{{cite book
|last1=Busch
|last1=Busch
Line 216: Line 260:
|first2=Hans-Joachim
|first2=Hans-Joachim
|title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945
|title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945
|trans-title=German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945
|work=Der U-Boot-Krieg
|series=Der U-Boot-Krieg
|volume=IV
|volume=IV
|publisher=Mittler
|publisher=Mittler
Line 222: Line 267:
|year=1999
|year=1999
|isbn=3-8132-0514-2
|isbn=3-8132-0514-2
|language=German
|language=de
|ref=harv
}}
}}
*{{cite book
*{{cite book
|last1=Gröner
|last1=Gröner
|first1=Erich
|first1=Erich
|author-link1=
|author-mask1=
|last2=Jung
|last2=Jung
|first2=Dieter
|first2=Dieter
|display-authors=
|last-author-amp=
|last3=Maass
|last3=Maass
|first3=Martin
|first3=Martin
Line 243: Line 283:
|title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels
|title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels
|volume=2
|volume=2
|work=German Warships 1815–1945
|series=German Warships 1815–1945
|location=London
|location=London
|publisher=Conway Maritime Press
|publisher=Conway Maritime Press
|isbn=0-85177-593-4
|isbn=0-85177-593-4
|ref=CITEREFGröner1991
|ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991
}}
}}


Line 259: Line 299:
|first=Guðmundur
|first=Guðmundur
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|accessdate= 7 December 2014
|access-date= 7 December 2014
}}
}}
* {{cite web
* {{cite web
Line 266: Line 306:
| last =Hofmann
| last =Hofmann
| first =Markus
| first =Markus
| website =Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de
| website =Deutsche U-Boote 1935–1945 – u-boot-archiv.de
| language =German
| language =de
| accessdate=7 December 2014
| access-date=7 December 2014
}}
}}
* [http://www.combinedfleet.com/I-506.htm Submarine ''I-506'': Tabular Record of Movement]
* [http://www.combinedfleet.com/I-506.htm Submarine ''I-506'': Tabular Record of Movement]


{{German Type IXD submarines}}
{{German Type IXD submarines}}
{{1946 shipwrecks}}
⚫
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2011}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:U0195}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:U0195}}
Line 284: Line 324:
[[Category:1942 ships]]
[[Category:1942 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built in Bremen (state)]]
[[Category:Ships built in Bremen (state)]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1946]]
[[Category:Scuttled vessels]]

Latest revision as of 13:20, 1 December 2024

History
Nazi Germany
NameU-195
Ordered4 November 1940
BuilderDeSchiMAG AG Weser, Bremen
Yard number1041
Laid down15 May 1941
Launched8 April 1942
Commissioned5 September 1942
FateTaken over by Japan on 5 May 1945
Japan
NameI-506
Acquired5 May 1945
Commissioned15 July 1945
Fate
  • Surrendered in August 1945
  • Scuttled on 15 February 1946
  • Refloated and scrapped in 1947
General characteristics
Class and typeType IXD1 submarine
Displacement
  • 1,610 t (1,580 long tons) surfaced
  • 1,799 t (1,771 long tons) submerged
Length
Beam
  • 7.50 m (24 ft 7 in) o/a
  • 4.40 m (14 ft 5 in) pressure hull
Height10.20 m (33 ft 6 in)
Draught5.40 m (17 ft 9 in)
Installed power
  • 9,000 PS (6,620 kW; 8,880 bhp) (diesels)
  • 1,000 PS (740 kW; 990 shp) (electric)
Propulsion
Speed
  • 20.8 knots (38.5 km/h; 23.9 mph) surfaced
  • 6.9 knots (12.8 km/h; 7.9 mph) submerged
Range
  • 12,750 nmi (23,610 km; 14,670 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced
  • 213 nmi (394 km; 245 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged
Test depth230 m (750 ft)
Complement55 to 63
Armament
Service record (Kriegsmarine)[1][2]
Part of:
Identification codes: M 49 317
Commanders:
  • K.Kapt. Heinz Buchholz
  • 5 September 1942 – 17 October 1943
  • Oblt.z.S. Friedrich Steinfeldt
  • 16 April 1944 – 5 May 1945
Operations:
  • 3 patrols:
  • 1st patrol:
  • 20 March – 23 July 1943
  • 2nd patrol:
  • 24 August – 28 December 1944
  • 3rd patrol:
  • a. 19 January – 4 March 1945
  • b. 5 – 7 March 1945
Victories:
  • 2 merchant ships sunk
    (14,391 GRT)
  • 1 merchant ship damaged
    (6,797 GRT)
Service record (IJN)[3]
Part of:
Commanders: None
Operations: None
Victories: None

German submarine U-195 was a Type IXD1 transport U-boat which served in World War II. The submarine was laid down on 15 May 1941 at the DeSchiMAG AG Weser yard in Bremen as yard number 1041, launched on 8 April 1942, and commissioned on 5 September 1942 under the command of Korvettenkapitän Heinz Buchholz.[1]

U-195 was one of two IX-D1 transport U-boats that had their forward torpedo tubes removed and the compartment converted into a cargo hold. The other IX-D1 was U-180, which was lost in the Bay of Biscay in 1944 whilst setting out for a voyage to Japan. (U-180 had been trialled originally with six diesel engines driving two propeller shafts, but overheating proved such a problem that these engines were removed and replaced with a pair of 2,200 hp MAN diesel engines). It is unclear if U-195 underwent the same engine history as U-180, but it seems likely.

Design

[edit]

German Type IXD2 submarines were considerably larger than the original Type IXs. U-195 had a displacement of 1,610 tonnes (1,580 long tons) when at the surface and 1,799 tonnes (1,771 long tons) while submerged.[4] The U-boat had a total length of 87.58 m (287 ft 4 in), a pressure hull length of 68.50 m (224 ft 9 in), a beam of 7.50 m (24 ft 7 in), a height of 10.20 m (33 ft 6 in), and a draught of 5.35 m (17 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines plus two MWM RS34.5S six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines for cruising, producing a total of 9,000 metric horsepower (6,620 kW; 8,880 shp) for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 1,000 shaft horsepower (1,010 PS; 750 kW) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.85 m (6 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 200 metres (660 ft).[4]

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 20.8 knots (38.5 km/h; 23.9 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 6.9 knots (12.8 km/h; 7.9 mph).[4] When submerged, the boat could operate for 121 nautical miles (224 km; 139 mi) at 2 knots (3.7 km/h; 2.3 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 12,750 nautical miles (23,610 km; 14,670 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-195 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 24 torpedoes, one 10.5 cm (4.13 in) SK C/32 naval gun, 150 rounds, and a 3.7 cm (1.5 in) SK C/30 with 2575 rounds as well as two 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns with 8100 rounds. The boat had a complement of fifty-five.[4]

Operational history

[edit]

First patrol

[edit]

U-195 departed Kiel on 20 March 1943 and sailed to the waters off South Africa where she sank two ships and damaged another.[5]

On 11 April she torpedoed the American 7,200 GRT liberty ship James W. Denver about 475 nmi (880 km; 547 mi) west of Las Palmas, Canary Islands. The ship, a straggler from Convoy UGS-7 en route from Baltimore to Casablanca, was loaded with sugar, acid, flour, aircraft parts, vehicles, bulldozers and had twelve P-38 Lightning aircraft as deck cargo. The crew of 69 abandoned ship in five lifeboats. The U-boat then fired two more torpedoes which sank the vessel.[6]

Another unescorted liberty ship, Samuel Jordan Kirkwood was torpedoed on 7 May about 125 nmi (232 km; 144 mi) southeast of Ascension Island. The crew of 71 abandoned ship in four lifeboats and a raft before the U-boat sank the ship with another torpedo.[7]

On 12 May, the unescorted 6,797 GRT American merchant ship Cape Neddick was hit by two torpedoes. One failed to explode, while the other tore a hole 25 ft (7.6 m) by 30 ft (9.1 m) in the side. Still under way, the ship's armed guards opened fire at the U-boat with their 4 in (100 mm), 3 in (76 mm), and 20 mm guns. The vessel began to sink, and most of the crew abandoned ship in two lifeboats and three rafts. After more than an hour the master and six volunteers re-boarded the ship and got her under way, just as U-195 fired another torpedo, which missed. The next day, the ship returned to pick up the men in the boats and rafts, and on 16 May arrived safely at Walvis Bay, South Africa.[8] U-195 arrived at Bordeaux on 23 July after a patrol lasting 126 days.[2]

Second patrol

[edit]

Now under the command of Oblt.z.S. Friedrich Steinfeldt,[9] U-195 left Bordeaux in occupied France on 24 August 1944 and arrived at Batavia (now part of Indonesia), 127 days later on 28 December.[10]

Amongst her cargo were parts of 12 dismantled V-2 rockets for the Japanese military. U-219 also carried part of the same V-2 rocket consignment. Both U-boats arrived at Batavia in December 1944. These two U-boats are also thought to have carried Uranium oxide requested for Japan's atomic bomb project by General Toranouke Kawashima in July 1943. The signals requesting Uranium were part of the PURPLE decrypts which have since been declassified by the United States. U-195 head north to Brunei in order to refuel for the next journey.[11]

Third patrol

[edit]

U-195's final patrol involved an abortive attempt by several U-boats to sail back to Europe. Leaving Batavia on 19 January 1945 she sailed out into the Indian Ocean, south of Madagascar.[12] There she refuelled U-boats of the Monsun Gruppe and then returned to Batavia on 4 March.

Imperial Japanese Navy

[edit]

After Germany's surrender in early May 1945, U-195 was taken over by the Imperial Japanese Navy and was commissioned as I-506 on 15 July. The U-boat surrendered to the Allies at Batavia in August 1945, she was scuttled on 15 February 1946[1] and was broken up in 1947. Some members of the German crew were apprehended by Dutch military forces in Malang (East-Java) on 1 August 1947[13]

Summary of raiding history

[edit]
Date Name Nationality Tonnage
(GRT) 		Fate[14]
11 April 1943 James W. Denver  United States 7,200 Sunk
7 May 1943 Samuel Jordan Kirkwood  United States 7,191 Sunk
12 May 1943 Cape Neddick  United States 6,797 Damaged

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Helgason, Guðmundur. "The Type IXD1 boat U-195". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Archived from the original on 17 February 2010. Retrieved 6 March 2010.
  2. ^ a b Helgason, Guðmundur. "War Patrols by German U-boat U-195". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Archived from the original on 6 July 2008. Retrieved 6 March 2010.
  3. ^ "I-506". IJN Submarine Service – Ijnsubsite.info. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  4. ^ a b c d Gröner 1991, pp. 74–75.
  5. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Patrol of U-boat U-195 from 20 Mar 1943 to 23 Jul 1943". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Archived from the original on 10 October 2008. Retrieved 6 March 2010.
  6. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "James W. Denver (Steam merchant)". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Archived from the original on 12 June 2010. Retrieved 6 March 2010.
  7. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Samuel Jordan Kirkwood (Steam merchant)". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Archived from the original on 12 June 2010. Retrieved 6 March 2010.
  8. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Cape Neddick (Steam merchant)". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Archived from the original on 12 June 2010. Retrieved 6 March 2010.
  9. ^ "Friedrich Steinfeldt: Oberleutnant zur See der Reserve (entry, Jahrgang 40)". uboat.net. Archived from the original on 26 November 2024. Retrieved 26 November 2024.
  10. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Patrol of U-boat U-195 from 24 Aug 1944 to 28 Dec 1944". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Archived from the original on 11 October 2008. Retrieved 6 March 2010.
  11. ^ Wilcox, Robert K., Japan's Secret War
  12. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Patrol of U-boat U-195 from 19 Jan 1945 to 4 Mar 1945". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Archived from the original on 7 September 2008. Retrieved 6 March 2010.
  13. ^ "Fotocollectie » Zoeken – gahetNA". proxy.handle.net. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  14. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit by U-195". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary. Translated by Brooks, Geoffrey. London, Annapolis, Md: Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-186-6.
  • Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 [German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945]. Der U-Boot-Krieg (in German). Vol. IV. Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn: Mittler. ISBN 3-8132-0514-2.
  • Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991). U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. German Warships 1815–1945. Vol. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-593-4.
[edit]
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