Far Eastern Championship Games: Difference between revisions

Far Eastern Championship Games
First event	1913 in Manila, Philippine Islands
Occur every	2 years
Last event	1934 in Manila, Philippine Islands

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The Far Eastern Championship Games (also known as the Far Eastern Championships, Far Eastern Games or Far East Games) was an Asian multi-sport event considered to be a precursor to the Asian Games.

History

In 1913, Elwood Brown, president of the Philippine Amateur Athletic Association and Manila Carnival Games, proposed the creation of the "Far Eastern Olympic Games" to China and Japan. It was at that time that Governor-General William Cameron Forbes was the president of the Philippine Amateur Athletic Federation from 1911-1913. Governor-General Forbes formed the Far Eastern Olympic Association.

Brown collaborated with J. Howard Crocker and YMCA from missionaries in China, Japan and the Philippines, to establish the Far Eastern Championship Games.^[1]^[2]

The first event was held on the Manila Carnival grounds (later the Rizal Memorial Sports Complex) in Malate, Manila, Philippines on February 4, 1913 and was known as the "First Oriental Olympic Games". Forbes was also the one who formally declare the games open.^[3] Six countries participated in the eight-day event: the host country then-named Philippine Islands, Republic of China, Empire of Japan, British East Indies (Malaysia), Kingdom of Thailand and British crown colony Hong Kong. Critics of the YMCA's involvement with the creation of the Far Eastern Olympic Games point to it being an example of Western cultural imperialism as the YMCA's goals were to push western ideas of physical strength and culture onto these Asian countries.^[4]

In 1915, the name changed to Far Eastern Championship Games and the association to Far Eastern Athletic Association when the event was held at Hongkou Park in Shanghai, China.^[5] Many citizens in China were curious about the Far Eastern Championship Games and there was a great amount of interest in the novelty of the organized sporting event. This resulted in large crowds of people attending matches making them quite popular which justified the construction of the new sporting infrastructure in China. The games were deemed very popular and were observed by thousands of spectators in China as well as followed by many in the newspapers.^[6] They were held there again in 1921.^[7] The games were held every two years except in 1929 when Japan decided to delay the project to 1930. The FEAA decided to change the time table to four years and the Philippine Islands hosted the tenth games in 1934. Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) joined in the 1934 FECG.

The 1934 edition was held in a period of dispute between China and Japan, following the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931. Inclusion of people from this region in the games caused controversy between the two member nations, which resulted in the break-up of the Far Eastern Athletic Association. In September 1937, Japan invaded China with the Marco Polo Bridge Incident and started the Second Sino-Japanese War (which later became part of World War II), thus the planned games in 1938 were cancelled.^[3]

Editions

Year	Games	Dates	Host city	Host nation
1913	1	3–7 February	Manila	Philippines
1915	2	15–21 May	Shanghai	China
1917	3	8–12 May	Tokyo	Japan
1919	4	12–16 May	Manila	Philippines
1921	5	30 May–3 June	Shanghai	China
1923	6	21–25 May	Osaka	Japan
1925	7	17–22 May	Manila	Philippines
1927	8	28–31 August	Shanghai	China
1930	9	24–27 May	Tokyo	Japan
1934	10	16–20 May	Manila	Philippines
1938	11	Cancelled	Osaka	Japan

Sports

A total of nine different sports were contested over the lifetime of the competition. Eight of the sports featured on each programmes of the games, with the ninth sport – cycling – being held once only, in 1915.^[3]

Participating nations

Republic of China (all editions)
Dutch East Indies (1934 only)
Federated Malay States (1913 only)
British Hong Kong (1913 only)
British Raj (1930 only)
Empire of Japan (all editions)
Philippines (all editions)
Kingdom of Siam (1913 only)

References

^ Keyes, Mary Eleanor (October 1964). John Howard Crocker LL. D., 1870–1959 (Thesis). London, Ontario: University of Western Ontario. p. 52. OCLC 61578234.
^ Jones, Gordon R. (October 29, 1914). "Disappearance of German Merchantmen a Sore Blow". Brantford Expositor. Brantford, Ontario. p. 10. Archived from the original on April 21, 2023. Retrieved May 28, 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c Bell, Daniel (2003). Encyclopedia of International Games. McFarland and Company, Inc. Publishers, Jefferson, North Carolina. ISBN 0-7864-1026-4.
^ Morris 2004, p. 22.
^ Morris 2004, p. 25-30.
^ Morris 2004, p. 27-30.
^ Morris 2004, p. 89.

Sources

Morris, Andrew D. (2004). Marrow of the Nation: A History of Sport and Physical Culture in Republican China. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520240841.
Far Eastern Championship Games and Asian Games Research Project
The Far Eastern Championship Games Archived 2008-04-11 at the Wayback Machine

External links

[1] Keyes, Mary Eleanor (October 1964). John Howard Crocker LL. D., 1870–1959 (Thesis). London, Ontario: University of Western Ontario. p. 52. OCLC 61578234.

[2] Jones, Gordon R. (October 29, 1914). "Disappearance of German Merchantmen a Sore Blow". Brantford Expositor. Brantford, Ontario. p. 10. Archived from the original on April 21, 2023. Retrieved May 28, 2023.

[DB-3] Bell, Daniel (2003). Encyclopedia of International Games. McFarland and Company, Inc. Publishers, Jefferson, North Carolina. ISBN 0-7864-1026-4.

[FOOTNOTEMorris200422-4] Morris 2004, p. 22.

[FOOTNOTEMorris200425-30-5] Morris 2004, p. 25-30.

[FOOTNOTEMorris200427-30-6] Morris 2004, p. 27-30.

[FOOTNOTEMorris200489-7] Morris 2004, p. 89.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Asian multi-sport event between 1913–1934}}
 {{Infobox sporting event organization
 |name         = Far Eastern Championship Games
 |image        = Far Eastern Championship Games logo.png
-|size         = 220px
 |caption      =
 |abbreviation =
 |motto        =
-|formation    = [[1913 Far Eastern Championship Games|1913]] in [[Manila]], [[Philippines]]
+|formation    = [[1913 Far Eastern Championship Games|1913]] in [[Manila]], [[Insular Government of the Philippine Islands|Philippine Islands]]
 |recurrence   = 2 years
-|last         = [[1934 Far Eastern Championship Games|1934]] in [[Manila]], [[Philippines]]
+|last         = [[1934 Far Eastern Championship Games|1934]] in [[Manila]], [[Insular Government of the Philippine Islands|Philippine Islands]]
 |purpose      =
 |headquarters =
@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 == History ==
 [[File:1927 Far Eastern Games.jpg|thumb|The Japanese delegation at the 1927 Far Eastern Games]]
-In 1913, [[Elwood Brown]], president of the Philippine Athletic Association and [[Manila Carnival]] Games, proposed the creation of the "''Far Eastern Olympic Games''" to China and Japan. It was at that time that [[Governor-General of the Philippines|Governor-General]] [[William Cameron Forbes]] was the president of the [[Philippine Amateur Athletic Association]] from 1911-1913. Governor-General Forbes formed the Far Eastern Olympic Association.
+In 1913, [[Elwood Brown]], president of the Philippine Amateur Athletic Association and [[Manila Carnival]] Games, proposed the creation of the "''Far Eastern Olympic Games''" to China and Japan. It was at that time that [[Governor-General of the Philippines|Governor-General]] [[William Cameron Forbes]] was the president of the [[Philippine Olympic Committee|Philippine Amateur Athletic Federation]] from 1911-1913. Governor-General Forbes formed the Far Eastern Olympic Association.
-The first event was held in the carnival grounds (now [[Rizal Memorial Sports Complex]]) in [[Malate, Manila|Malate]], [[Manila]], [[Philippines]] on February 4, 1913 and was known as the "First Oriental Olympic Games". Forbes was also the one who formally declare the games open.<ref name=DB>Bell, Daniel (2003). ''Encyclopedia of International Games''. McFarland and Company, Inc. Publishers, Jefferson, North Carolina. ISBN 0-7864-1026-4.</ref> Six countries participated in the eight day event: the host country then-named [[Philippine Islands]], [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]], [[Empire of Japan]], [[British East India Company|British East Indies]] (Malaysia), [[Kingdom of Thailand]] and British crown colony [[Hong Kong]].
+Brown collaborated with [[J. Howard Crocker]] and [[YMCA]] from missionaries in China, Japan and the Philippines, to establish the Far Eastern Championship Games.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Keyes|first=Mary Eleanor|title=John Howard Crocker LL. D., 1870–1959|publisher=[[University of Western Ontario]]|date=October 1964|location=London, Ontario|oclc=61578234|page=52}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Disappearance of German Merchantmen a Sore Blow|last=Jones|first=Gordon R.|date=October 29, 1914|newspaper=[[Brantford Expositor]]|location=Brantford, Ontario|page=10|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brantford-weekly-expositor-crocker-1/123001318/|access-date=May 28, 2023|archive-date=April 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421164729/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brantford-weekly-expositor-crocker-1/123001318/|url-status=live}}</ref>
-In 1915, the name changed to Far Eastern Championship Games and the association to Far Eastern Athletic Association when the event was held at [[Hongkou Park]] in [[Shanghai]], China.{{sfn|Morris|2004|p=25-30}} They were held there again in 1921.{{sfn|Morris|2004|p=89}} The games were held every two years except in 1929 when Japan decided to delay the project to 1930. The FEAA decided to change the time table to four years and the Philippine Islands hosted the tenth games in 1934. [[Dutch East Indies]] (Indonesia) joined in the 1934 FECG.
+The first event was held on the Manila Carnival grounds (later the [[Rizal Memorial Sports Complex]]) in [[Malate, Manila|Malate]], [[Manila]], [[Philippines]] on February 4, 1913 and was known as the "First Oriental Olympic Games". Forbes was also the one who formally declare the games open.<ref name=DB>Bell, Daniel (2003). ''Encyclopedia of International Games''. McFarland and Company, Inc. Publishers, Jefferson, North Carolina. {{ISBN|0-7864-1026-4}}.</ref> Six countries participated in the eight-day event: the host country then-named [[Philippine Islands]], [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]], [[Empire of Japan]], [[Federated Malay States|British East Indies]] (Malaysia), [[Kingdom of Thailand]] and British crown colony [[Hong Kong]]. Critics of the YMCA's involvement with the creation of the Far Eastern Olympic Games point to it being an example of Western cultural imperialism as the YMCA's goals were to push western ideas of physical strength and culture onto these Asian countries.{{sfn|Morris|2004|p=22}}
+In 1915, the name changed to Far Eastern Championship Games and the association to Far Eastern Athletic Association when the event was held at [[Hongkou Park]] in [[Shanghai]], China.{{sfn|Morris|2004|p=25-30}} Many citizens in China were curious about the Far Eastern Championship Games and there was a great amount of interest in the novelty of the organized sporting event. This resulted in large crowds of people attending matches making them quite popular which justified the construction of the new sporting infrastructure in China. The games were deemed very popular and were observed by thousands of spectators in China as well as followed by many in the newspapers.{{sfn|Morris|2004|p=27-30}} They were held there again in 1921.{{sfn|Morris|2004|p=89}} The games were held every two years except in 1929 when Japan decided to delay the project to 1930. The FEAA decided to change the time table to four years and the Philippine Islands hosted the tenth games in 1934. [[Dutch East Indies]] (Indonesia) joined in the 1934 FECG.
 The 1934 edition was held in a period of dispute between China and Japan, following the [[Japanese invasion of Manchuria]] in 1931. Inclusion of people from this region in the games caused controversy between the two member nations, which resulted in the break-up of the Far Eastern Athletic Association. In September 1937, Japan invaded China with the [[Marco Polo Bridge Incident]] and started the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]] (which later became part of [[World War II]]), thus the planned games in 1938 were cancelled.<ref name=DB/>
@@ Line 30: / Line 33: @@
 ==Editions==
 [[Image:FECG1923BB.jpg|250px|thumb|right|[[1923 Far Eastern Championship Games]].]]
-{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
+{| class="wikitable sortable"
 |-
 !Year
@@ Line 38: / Line 41: @@
 !Host nation
 |-
-|1913
+|align=center|1913
-|'''[[1913 Far Eastern Championship Games|I]]'''
+|align=center|'''[[1913 Far Eastern Championship Games|1]]'''
 |3–7 February
 |[[Manila]]
+|{{Flagdeco|United States|1912|size=25px}} [[Insular Government of the Philippine Islands|Philippines]]
-|Philippines
 |-
-|1915
+|align=center|1915
-|'''[[1915 Far Eastern Championship Games|II]]'''
+|align=center|'''[[1915 Far Eastern Championship Games|2]]'''
 |15–21 May
 |[[Shanghai]]
+|{{flag|Republic of China (1912–1949)|1912|name=China}}
-|China
 |-
-|1917
+|align=center|1917
-|'''[[1917 Far Eastern Championship Games|III]]'''
+|align=center|'''[[1917 Far Eastern Championship Games|3]]'''
 |8–12 May
 |[[Tokyo]]
+|{{Flagdeco|Japan|1870|size=25px}} [[Empire of Japan|Japan]]
-|Japan
 |-
-|1919
+|align=center|1919
-|'''[[1919 Far Eastern Championship Games|IV]]'''
+|align=center|'''[[1919 Far Eastern Championship Games|4]]'''
 |12–16 May
 |[[Manila]]
+|{{Flagdeco|Philippines|1919}} [[Insular Government of the Philippine Islands|Philippines]]
-|Philippines
 |-
-|1921
+|align=center|1921
-|'''[[1921 Far Eastern Championship Games|V]]'''
+|align=center|'''[[1921 Far Eastern Championship Games|5]]'''
 |30 May–3 June
 |[[Shanghai]]
+|{{flag|Republic of China (1912–1949)|1912|name=China}}
-|China
 |-
-|1923
+|align=center|1923
-|'''[[1923 Far Eastern Championship Games|VI]]'''
+|align=center|'''[[1923 Far Eastern Championship Games|6]]'''
 |21–25 May
 |[[Osaka]]
+|{{Flagdeco|Japan|1870|size=25px}} [[Empire of Japan|Japan]]
-|Japan
 |-
-|1925
+|align=center|1925
-|'''[[1925 Far Eastern Championship Games|VII]]'''
+|align=center|'''[[1925 Far Eastern Championship Games|7]]'''
 |17–22 May
 |[[Manila]]
+|{{Flagdeco|Philippines|1919}} [[Insular Government of the Philippine Islands|Philippines]]
-|Philippines
 |-
-|1927
+|align=center|1927
-|'''[[1927 Far Eastern Championship Games|VIII]]'''
+|align=center|'''[[1927 Far Eastern Championship Games|8]]'''
 |28–31 August
 |[[Shanghai]]
+|{{flag|Republic of China (1912–1949)|1912|name=China}}
-|China
 |-
-|1930
+|align=center|1930
-|'''[[1930 Far Eastern Championship Games|IX]]'''
+|align=center|'''[[1930 Far Eastern Championship Games|9]]'''
 |24–27 May
 |[[Tokyo]]
+|{{Flagdeco|Japan|1870|size=25px}} [[Empire of Japan|Japan]]
-|Japan
 |-
-|1934
+|align=center|1934
-|'''[[1934 Far Eastern Championship Games|X]]'''
+|align=center|'''[[1934 Far Eastern Championship Games|10]]'''
 |16–20 May
 |[[Manila]]
+|{{Flagdeco|Philippines|1919}} [[Insular Government of the Philippine Islands|Philippines]]
-|Philippines
 |-
-|1938
+|align=center|1938
-|'''[[1938 Far Eastern Championship Games|XI]]'''
+|align=center|'''[[1938 Far Eastern Championship Games|11]]'''
 |Cancelled
 |[[Osaka]]
+|{{Flagdeco|Japan|1870|size=25px}} [[Empire of Japan|Japan]]
-|Japan
 |}
 ==Sports==
 A total of nine different sports were contested over the lifetime of the competition. Eight of the sports featured on each programmes of the games, with the ninth sport – [[cycling (sport)|cycling]] – being held once only, in 1915.<ref name=DB/>
-{{columns-list|3|
+{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
 *{{GamesSport|Athletics}}
 *{{GamesSport|Baseball}}
@@ Line 120: / Line 123: @@
 ==Participating nations==
-{{col-start}}
+{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
+*{{flag|Republic of China (1912–1949)|name=Republic of China}} (all editions)
-{{col-2}}
-*{{flag|China|1929}} (all editions)
 *{{flag|Dutch East Indies}} (1934 only)
-*{{flagicon|Malaysia|1895}} [[Federated Malay States]] (1913 only)
+*{{flagdeco|Malayan Union}} [[Federated Malay States]] (1913 only)
-*{{flag|Hong Kong|1910}} (1913 only)
+*{{flag|British Hong Kong}} (1913 only)
+*{{flag|British Raj}} (1930 only)
-{{col-2}}
-*{{flag|India|British}} (1930 only)
+*{{flag|Empire of Japan|1870}} (all editions)
-*{{flag|Japan|1870}} (all editions)
+*{{Flagdeco|Philippines|1919}} [[Insular Government of the Philippine Islands|Philippines]] (all editions)
-*{{flag|Philippines|1919}} (all editions)
+*{{flag|Thailand|1855|name=Kingdom of Siam}} (1913 only)
+{{div col end}}
-*{{flag|Thailand|1855|name=Siam}} (1913 only)
-{{col-end}}
 == See also ==
@@ Line 141: / Line 142: @@
 ==References==
 {{Reflist}}
+===Sources===
 * {{cite book
 |last=Morris |first=Andrew D.
@@ Line 148: / Line 151: @@
 |isbn=9780520240841
 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bs1Qw7yv-DQC
-|ref=harv
 }}
-* [https://www.unibw.de/geschichte/neueste/researchprojects/buildingasiannations Far Eastern Championship Games and Asian Games Research Project]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140714145335/https://www.unibw.de/geschichte/neueste/researchprojects/buildingasiannations Far Eastern Championship Games and Asian Games Research Project]
-* [http://www.la84foundation.org/OlympicInformationCenter/OlympicReview/1926/BODE3/BODE3i.pdf The Far Eastern Championship Games]
+* [http://www.la84foundation.org/OlympicInformationCenter/OlympicReview/1926/BODE3/BODE3i.pdf The Far Eastern Championship Games] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411151038/http://www.la84foundation.org/OlympicInformationCenter/OlympicReview/1926/BODE3/BODE3i.pdf|date=2008-04-11}}
 ==External links==
 * [http://www.calpoly.edu/~admorris/TiyuPhotosFECG.html Far Eastern Championship Games in pictures]
 * [http://ejmas.com/jalt/jaltart_abe_0600.htm Japan, China and the Far Eastern Championship Games]
-* [http://philippinebasketballteam.com/islanders/ Philippines Roster in Far Eastern Championship Games]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110824094024/http://philippinebasketballteam.com/islanders/ Philippines Roster in Far Eastern Championship Games]
 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120211171150/http://fpok.upi.edu/the_origin_asiangames.htm A brief history of the Games] (archived)
-* [http://www.unibw.de/geschichte/neueste/researchprojects/buildingasiannations Stefan Hübner Research on games in Asia]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20151208060808/http://www.unibw.de/geschichte/neueste/researchprojects/buildingasiannations Stefan Hübner Research on games in Asia]
+*[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14725886.2021.1898747 A Historical Article on the Jewish Delegation from Palestine]
 {{Far Eastern Games}}
 [[Category:Far Eastern Championship Games| ]]
-[[Category:Asian Games| ]]
+[[Category:Asian Games|*]]
 [[Category:Recurring sporting events established in 1913]]
+[[Category:Recurring sporting events disestablished in 1934]]
 [[Category:Asian international sports competitions]]
 [[Category:Defunct multi-sport events]]

v t e Far Eastern Championship Games
Games	Manila 1913 Shanghai 1915 Tokyo 1917 Manila 1919 Shanghai 1921 Osaka 1923 Manila 1925 Shanghai 1927 Tokyo 1930 Manila 1934 Osaka 1938 (cancelled)
Events	Athletics Baseball Basketball Cycling Diving Football Swimming Tennis Volleyball