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Coordinates: 25°17′9″N 121°35′10″E / 25.28583°N 121.58611°E / 25.28583; 121.58611
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{{Short description|Nuclear power plant in Shimen, New Taipei, Taiwan}}
{{update|date=October 2018}}
{{update|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox power station
{{Infobox power station
| name = Jinshan Nuclear Power Plant
| name = Jinshan Nuclear Power Plant
| name_official = 金山核能發電廠
| name_official = 金山核能發電廠
| image = Wongwt 台電第一核能發電廠 (16609015903).jpg
| image = Chin-shan Nuclear Power Plant-canal and containment building-P1020609.JPG
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| image_caption =
| image_alt =
| image_alt =
| location_map = Taiwan
| location_map_size =
| location_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|25|17|9|N|121|35|10|E|type:landmark_region:TW|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|25|17|9|N|121|35|10|E|type:landmark_region:TW|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref =
| coordinates_ref =
| country = [[Taiwan|Republic of China]]
| country = [[Taiwan|Republic of China]]
| location = [[Chin Shan Village]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20050223005832/en/GE-Energy-Supply-Monitoring-Control-Systems-Taiwan |title=GE Energy to Supply Monitoring and Control Systems for Taiwan Nuclear Power Plant |publisher=Business Wire |date=2005-02-23 |accessdate=2014-05-01}}</ref> [[Shimen District|Shimen]], [[New Taipei]]<ref name="pimagazine-asia1">{{cite web|url=http://www.pimagazine-asia.com/news/power-generation/taipower-working-towards-decommissioning-of-chinshan-nuclear-plant/ |title=Taipower working towards decommissioning of Chinshan Nuclear plant - Power Insider AsiaPower Insider Asia |publisher=Pimagazine-asia.com |date= |accessdate=2014-05-01}}</ref>
| location = Qianhua, [[Shimen District|Shimen]], [[New Taipei]]<ref name="pimagazine-asia1">{{cite web |url=http://www.pimagazine-asia.com/news/power-generation/taipower-working-towards-decommissioning-of-chinshan-nuclear-plant/ |title=Taipower working towards decommissioning of Chinshan Nuclear plant - Power Insider AsiaPower Insider Asia |publisher=Pimagazine-asia.com |date= |accessdate=2014-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827104549/http://www.pimagazine-asia.com/news/power-generation/taipower-working-towards-decommissioning-of-chinshan-nuclear-plant/ |archive-date=2016-08-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|status = O
| status = Decommisioned
|construction_began =
| construction_began =
|commissioned = 10 December 1978 (Unit 1)<br>15 July 1979 (Unit 2)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Country-Profiles/Others/Nuclear-Power-in-Taiwan/#.UYtwaKLdfSQ |title=Taiwan Nuclear Power |publisher=World-nuclear.org |date= |accessdate=2014-05-01}}</ref>
| commissioned = 10 December 1978 (Unit 1)<br />15 July 1979 (Unit 2)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Country-Profiles/Others/Nuclear-Power-in-Taiwan/#.UYtwaKLdfSQ |title=Taiwan Nuclear Power |publisher=World-nuclear.org |date= |accessdate=2014-05-01 |archive-date=2016-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128085352/http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/country-profiles/others/nuclear-power-in-taiwan/#.UYtwaKLdfSQ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| decommissioned = December 6, 2018 (Unit 1) {{cite web|url=https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=554 |title=PRIS - Reactor Details|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120205000/https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=554 |archive-date=20 January 2022 }}
|decommissioned = December 2018 (Unit 1) - Planned<br>July 2019 (Unit 2) - Planned<ref>http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan-business/2016/07/14/472166/First-Nuclear.htm</ref>
July 16, 2019 (Unit 2) {{cite web|url=https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=555 |title=PRIS - Reactor Details|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120211735/https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=555 |archive-date=20 January 2022 }}
|cost =
| cost =
|owner = [[Taiwan Power Company|Taipower]]
| owner = [[Taiwan Power Company|Taipower]]
|operator =
| operator =
|ps_units_operational= 2 x 604&nbsp;MW
| ps_units_operational = 2 x 604&nbsp;MW
|ps_units_uc =
| ps_units_uc =
|ps_units_planned=
| ps_units_planned =
|ps_units_decommissioned =
| ps_units_decommissioned =
|np_reactor_supplier =
| np_reactor_supplier =
|np_reactor_type = [[Boiling water reactor|BWR-4]]
| np_reactor_type = [[Boiling water reactor|BWR-4]]
|ps_units_manu_model =
| ps_units_manu_model =
|ps_electrical_capacity = <!-- sum of gross reactor power [MW]-->1,208
| ps_electrical_capacity = <!-- sum of gross reactor power [MW]-->1,208
|ps_annual_generation = 9,000
| ps_annual_generation = 9,000
|ps_electrical_cap_fac = 85.0%<!-- 9,000,000 MWh/year / ( 1,208 MW * 365 days/year * 24h/day) = 0.850 -->
| ps_electrical_cap_fac = 85.0%<!-- 9,000,000 MWh/year / ( 1,208 MW * 365 days/year * 24h/day) = 0.850 -->
|website =
| website =
|extra =
| extra =
}}
}}


The '''Jinshan Nuclear Power Plant''' or '''Chin Shan Nuclear Power Plant'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.power-technology.com/projects/chin-san/ |title=Chin Shan Nuclear Power Plant |publisher=Power Technology |date=2011-06-15 |accessdate=2014-05-01}}</ref> (金山核能發電廠), '''First Nuclear Power Plant''' (第一核能發電廠 or 核一), is a [[nuclear power plant]] in [[Shimen District|Shimen]], [[New Taipei]], [[Taiwan]]. Commissioned in 1978 for its first [[nuclear reactor]], the plant is Taiwan's first nuclear power plant as well as Taiwan's smallest nuclear power plant.
The '''Jinshan Nuclear Power Plant''' or '''Chin Shan Nuclear Power Plant'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.power-technology.com/projects/chin-san/ |title=Chin Shan Nuclear Power Plant |publisher=Power Technology |date=2011-06-15 |accessdate=2014-05-01 |archive-date=2014-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502003542/http://www.power-technology.com/projects/chin-san/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> (金山核能發電廠), '''First Nuclear Power Plant''' (第一核能發電廠 or 核一), is a [[nuclear power plant]] being decommissioned in [[Shimen District]], [[New Taipei]], [[Taiwan]]. Commissioned in 1978, the plant was Taiwan's first and smallest nuclear power plant.

==Construction==
The village of Qianhua, in [[Shimen District]], [[Taipei]], primarily populated by a family surnamed Lien, was demolished to construct the Jinshan Nuclear Power Plant as a response to the [[1970s energy crisis]], and incorporated into the [[Ten Major Construction Projects]] in 1973.<ref name="hctt">{{cite news |author1=Han Cheung |title=Taiwan in Time: The dawn of Taiwan's nuclear age |url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2021/11/14/2003767838 |access-date=13 November 2021 |work=Taipei Times |date=14 November 2021}}</ref>


==Generation==
==Generation==
Jinshan began generating power on 16 November 1977, and started commercial operations in December 1978.<ref name="hctt"/>

The power plant can generate 9 billion kWh of electricity per year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2014/04/10/2003587711 |title=Taipower mulls extending use of three nuclear plants |publisher=Taipei Times |date=2014-04-24 |accessdate=2014-05-01}}</ref>
The power plant can generate 9 billion kWh of electricity per year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2014/04/10/2003587711 |title=Taipower mulls extending use of three nuclear plants |publisher=Taipei Times |date=2014-04-24 |accessdate=2014-05-01}}</ref>


The two [[spent fuel pool]]s at the plant have 3,074 and 3,076 [[control rod]]s respectively with a maximum storage of 3,083 rods per pool.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2016/05/28/2003647293|title=Nuclear power rotation plan mulled|publisher=}}</ref>
The two [[spent fuel pool]]s at the plant have 3,074 and 3,076 [[spent nuclear fuel]] assemblies, respectively, with a maximum storage of 3,083 assemblies per pool.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2016/05/28/2003647293|title=Nuclear power rotation plan mulled|date=28 May 2016|publisher=}}</ref>


==Decommissioning plan==
==Decommissioning plan==
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Taipower, as the operator of the power plant, was required by the [[Radiation Monitoring Center]] of the [[Atomic Energy Council]] to hand in the 2018 decommissioning plans for the plant by December 2015 for the authority to review all of the plans before the decommissioning date. Once the reactors have been shut down, the plant should be dismantled within 25 years.<ref name="pimagazine-asia1"/>
Taipower, as the operator of the power plant, was required by the [[Radiation Monitoring Center]] of the [[Atomic Energy Council]] to hand in the 2018 decommissioning plans for the plant by December 2015 for the authority to review all of the plans before the decommissioning date. Once the reactors have been shut down, the plant should be dismantled within 25 years.<ref name="pimagazine-asia1"/>


Taipower plans to allocate NT$18.2 billion for the disposal of nuclear waste from the decommissioned plant over the next 25 years. Currently Taipower is doing feasibility study of building a nuclear waste storage facility on an uninhabited island around Taiwan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/asoc/201603010030.aspx|title=Taipower mulling plan for nuclear waste treatment|publisher=}}</ref>
Taipower plans to allocate NT$18.2 billion for the disposal of nuclear waste from the decommissioned plant over the next 25 years. Currently Taipower is doing feasibility study of building a nuclear waste storage facility on an uninhabited island around Taiwan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/asoc/201603010030.aspx|title=Taipower mulling plan for nuclear waste treatment|date=March 2016 |publisher=}}</ref>


==Events==
==Events==


⚫
The July 2013 [[Typhoon Soulik (2013)|Typhoon Soulik]] caused a trip to the generator and turbine of the power plant Unit-2 because one suspension ground line failed and hit the transmission line when the typhoon hit the island on 13–14 July. The typhoon also caused the seawater inlet to be blocked by large amount of debris and damaged three fine filters, traveling filter rake and the plant's switchyard. The damage caused the plant to be offline for several days.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nucnet.org/all-the-news/2013/07/16/taiwan-s-chinshan-2-faces-repairs-after-typhoon-shutdown |title=Taiwan's Chinshan-2 Faces Repairs After Typhoon Shutdown |publisher=Nucnet.org |date=2013-06-25 |accessdate=2014-05-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/RS_Taiwan_reactor_offline_after_typhoon_1607131.html |title=Taiwan reactor offline after typhoon |publisher=World-nuclear-news.org |date=2013-07-16 |accessdate=2014-05-01}}</ref>
===2013===
⚫
The '''July 2013''' [[Typhoon Soulik (2013)|Typhoon Soulik]] caused a trip to the generator and turbine of the power plant Unit-2 because one suspension ground line failed and hit the transmission line when the typhoon hit the island on 13–14 July. The typhoon also caused the seawater inlet to be blocked by large amount of debris and damaged three fine filters, traveling filter rake and the plant's switchyard. The damage caused the plant to be offline for several days.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nucnet.org/all-the-news/2013/07/16/taiwan-s-chinshan-2-faces-repairs-after-typhoon-shutdown |title=Taiwan’s Chinshan-2 Faces Repairs After Typhoon Shutdown |publisher=Nucnet.org |date=2013-06-25 |accessdate=2014-05-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/RS_Taiwan_reactor_offline_after_typhoon_1607131.html |title=Taiwan reactor offline after typhoon |publisher=World-nuclear-news.org |date=2013-07-16 |accessdate=2014-05-01}}</ref>


In '''August 2013''', it was reported that there might have been radioactive water leaks for three years from the storage pools of the nuclear power plant's two reactors. Official from [[Taipower]] said that the water might come from different sources, such as condensation water or water used for cleaning up the floors. The water however has been collected in a reservoir next to the storage pools used for spent nuclear rods and has been recycled back into the storage pools, thus is claimed to pose no threat to the environment.<ref>{{cite news|author=08/09/2013 12:07 am EDT |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/09/taiwan-nuclear-power-plant-leak_n_3729659.html |title=Taiwan's First Nuclear Power Plant In Shihmen May Have Been Leaking Radioactive Water For 3 Years |publisher=Huffingtonpost.com |date= 2013-08-09|accessdate=2014-05-01}}</ref>
In August 2013, it was reported that there might have been radioactive water leaks for three years from the storage pools of the nuclear power plant's two reactors. Official from [[Taipower]] said that the water might come from different sources, such as condensation water or water used for cleaning up the floors. The water however has been collected in a reservoir next to the storage pools used for spent nuclear rods and has been recycled back into the storage pools, thus is claimed to pose no threat to the environment.<ref>{{cite news|author=08/09/2013 12:07 am EDT |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/09/taiwan-nuclear-power-plant-leak_n_3729659.html |title=Taiwan's First Nuclear Power Plant In Shihmen May Have Been Leaking Radioactive Water For 3 Years |publisher=Huffingtonpost.com |date= 2013-08-09|accessdate=2014-05-01}}</ref>


In '''December 2013''', the circulating pump of the second reactor tripped due to the low lube oil pressure which caused a built-in lube oil pump. The [[Atomic Energy Council]] was criticized due to their very slow respond in giving answers to the public only 10 hours after the trip.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2013/12/18/2003579283 |title=AEC criticized on Jinshan plant safety |publisher=Taipei Times |date=2014-04-24 |accessdate=2014-05-01}}</ref>
In December 2013, the circulating pump of the second reactor tripped due to the low lube oil pressure which caused a built-in lube oil pump. The [[Atomic Energy Council]] was criticized due to their very slow respond in giving answers to the public only 10 hours after the trip.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2013/12/18/2003579283 |title=AEC criticized on Jinshan plant safety |publisher=Taipei Times |date=2014-04-24 |accessdate=2014-05-01}}</ref>


⚫
On 4 August 2016, smoke rose out from the power plant resulted from unstable voltage frequency which caused external [[circuit breaker]]s to trip and produced smoke.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/2016/08/06/474618/Smoke-at.htm |title=Smoke at Nuke No. 1 traced to 'irregular' generator - the China Post |access-date=2016-08-06 |archive-date=2016-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808035501/http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/2016/08/06/474618/Smoke-at.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
===2014===
On '''10 December 2014''', two reactors were deactivated for annual maintenance operation.<ref>http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national-news/2015/04/29/434717/Natural-gas.htm</ref>

On '''28 December 2014''', the number 1 reactor of the plant was shut down and went out of service due to a component failure.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/asoc/201504270010.aspx|title=Reactor shut down after fire at 3rd nuclear power plant (update)|publisher=}}</ref>

===2015===
On '''16 May 2015''', an air conditioning unit in the seawater pump house of the plant caught fire. The fire was put out immediately and did not cause any safety concern or affect the power generation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/asoc/201505160027.aspx|title=Air conditioner at nuclear power plant catches fire|publisher=}}</ref>

===2016===
On '''10 March 2016''', a reactor of the plant was shut down due to a higher than normal water level caused by negligence from the plant employees who inadvertently touched a power button. Safety inspection was completed on 14 March 2016 and the plant resumed its operation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aeco/201603140029.aspx|title=Taipower apologizes over nuclear power plant mishap|publisher=}}</ref>

⚫
On '''4 August 2016''', smoke rose out from the power plant resulted from unstable voltage frequency which caused external [[circuit breaker]]s to trip and produced smoke.<ref>http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/2016/08/06/474618/Smoke-at.htm</ref>

===2017===
On '''2 June 2017''', a reactor of the plant tripped after a [[transmission tower]] on a nearby hilltop toppled due to heavy rain. The second reactor was subsequently shut down automatically as a safety measure.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/asoc/201706020012.aspx|date=2 June 2017|first1=Li-yun|last1=Huang|first2=Elizabeth|last2=Hsu|title=Nuclear reactor trips as electric pylon falls during rain|publisher=Focus Taiwan|accessdate=2 June 2017}}</ref>

===2018===
On '''11 June 2018''', the emergency backup generators were started unexpectedly due to the sudden voltage drop from an incoming high voltage transmission line. They were started at 6:42 a.m. and were shut down at 9:03 a.m. after the power line had returned to normal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3454425|date=11 June 2018|title=No threat from generator incident at nuclear plant: Taipower|publisher=Taiwan News|accessdate=12 June 2018}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 86: Line 71:
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


{{commons category|Chin Shan Nuclear Power Plant}}
{{Taiwan-struct-stub}}
{{powerstation-stub}}
{{nuclear-energy-stub}}
{{Power plants of Taiwan}}
{{Power plants of Taiwan}}

⚫
[[Category:Nuclear power stations in Taiwan]]
[[Category:1978 establishments in Taiwan]]
[[Category:1978 establishments in Taiwan]]
[[Category:2019 disestablishments in Taiwan]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in New Taipei]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in New Taipei]]
[[Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 1978]]
⚫
[[Category:Nuclear power stations in Taiwan]]

Latest revision as of 20:20, 1 December 2024

Jinshan Nuclear Power Plant
Map
Official name金山核能發電廠
CountryRepublic of China
LocationQianhua, Shimen, New Taipei[1]
Coordinates25°17′9″N 121°35′10″E / 25.28583°N 121.58611°E / 25.28583; 121.58611
StatusDecommisioned
Commission date10 December 1978 (Unit 1)
15 July 1979 (Unit 2)[2]
Decommission dateDecember 6, 2018 (Unit 1) "PRIS - Reactor Details". Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. July 16, 2019 (Unit 2) "PRIS - Reactor Details". Archived from the original on 20 January 2022.
OwnerTaipower
Operator
Nuclear power station
Reactor typeBWR-4
Power generation
Units operational2 x 604 MW
Nameplate capacity1,208 MW
Capacity factor85.0%
Annual net output9,000 GW·h
External links
CommonsRelated media on Commons
[edit on Wikidata]

The Jinshan Nuclear Power Plant or Chin Shan Nuclear Power Plant[3] (金山核能發電廠), First Nuclear Power Plant (第一核能發電廠 or 核一), is a nuclear power plant being decommissioned in Shimen District, New Taipei, Taiwan. Commissioned in 1978, the plant was Taiwan's first and smallest nuclear power plant.

Construction

[edit]

The village of Qianhua, in Shimen District, Taipei, primarily populated by a family surnamed Lien, was demolished to construct the Jinshan Nuclear Power Plant as a response to the 1970s energy crisis, and incorporated into the Ten Major Construction Projects in 1973.[4]

Generation

[edit]

Jinshan began generating power on 16 November 1977, and started commercial operations in December 1978.[4]

The power plant can generate 9 billion kWh of electricity per year.[5]

The two spent fuel pools at the plant have 3,074 and 3,076 spent nuclear fuel assemblies, respectively, with a maximum storage of 3,083 assemblies per pool.[6]

Decommissioning plan

[edit]

Taipower, as the operator of the power plant, was required by the Radiation Monitoring Center of the Atomic Energy Council to hand in the 2018 decommissioning plans for the plant by December 2015 for the authority to review all of the plans before the decommissioning date. Once the reactors have been shut down, the plant should be dismantled within 25 years.[1]

Taipower plans to allocate NT$18.2 billion for the disposal of nuclear waste from the decommissioned plant over the next 25 years. Currently Taipower is doing feasibility study of building a nuclear waste storage facility on an uninhabited island around Taiwan.[7]

Events

[edit]

The July 2013 Typhoon Soulik caused a trip to the generator and turbine of the power plant Unit-2 because one suspension ground line failed and hit the transmission line when the typhoon hit the island on 13–14 July. The typhoon also caused the seawater inlet to be blocked by large amount of debris and damaged three fine filters, traveling filter rake and the plant's switchyard. The damage caused the plant to be offline for several days.[8][9]

In August 2013, it was reported that there might have been radioactive water leaks for three years from the storage pools of the nuclear power plant's two reactors. Official from Taipower said that the water might come from different sources, such as condensation water or water used for cleaning up the floors. The water however has been collected in a reservoir next to the storage pools used for spent nuclear rods and has been recycled back into the storage pools, thus is claimed to pose no threat to the environment.[10]

In December 2013, the circulating pump of the second reactor tripped due to the low lube oil pressure which caused a built-in lube oil pump. The Atomic Energy Council was criticized due to their very slow respond in giving answers to the public only 10 hours after the trip.[11]

On 4 August 2016, smoke rose out from the power plant resulted from unstable voltage frequency which caused external circuit breakers to trip and produced smoke.[12]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Taipower working towards decommissioning of Chinshan Nuclear plant - Power Insider AsiaPower Insider Asia". Pimagazine-asia.com. Archived from the original on 2016-08-27. Retrieved 2014-05-01.
  2. ^ "Taiwan Nuclear Power". World-nuclear.org. Archived from the original on 2016-01-28. Retrieved 2014-05-01.
  3. ^ "Chin Shan Nuclear Power Plant". Power Technology. 2011-06-15. Archived from the original on 2014-05-02. Retrieved 2014-05-01.
  4. ^ a b Han Cheung (14 November 2021). "Taiwan in Time: The dawn of Taiwan's nuclear age". Taipei Times. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  5. ^ "Taipower mulls extending use of three nuclear plants". Taipei Times. 2014-04-24. Retrieved 2014-05-01.
  6. ^ "Nuclear power rotation plan mulled". 28 May 2016.
  7. ^ "Taipower mulling plan for nuclear waste treatment". March 2016.
  8. ^ "Taiwan's Chinshan-2 Faces Repairs After Typhoon Shutdown". Nucnet.org. 2013-06-25. Retrieved 2014-05-01.
  9. ^ "Taiwan reactor offline after typhoon". World-nuclear-news.org. 2013-07-16. Retrieved 2014-05-01.
  10. ^ 08/09/2013 12:07 am EDT (2013-08-09). "Taiwan's First Nuclear Power Plant In Shihmen May Have Been Leaking Radioactive Water For 3 Years". Huffingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2014-05-01.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ "AEC criticized on Jinshan plant safety". Taipei Times. 2014-04-24. Retrieved 2014-05-01.
  12. ^ "Smoke at Nuke No. 1 traced to 'irregular' generator - the China Post". Archived from the original on 2016-08-08. Retrieved 2016-08-06.
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