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Coordinates: 42°25′19″N 12°6′25″E / 42.42194°N 12.10694°E / 42.42194; 12.10694
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{{Short description|Parish church and minor basilica in Viterbo, Italy}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox religious building
{{Infobox religious building
| building_name= Basilica of St. Francis<br /><small>{{lang|it|San Francesco alla Rocca}} {{it icon}}</small>
| building_name = Basilica of St Francis<br /><small>{{lang|it|San Francesco alla Rocca}}</small>
| image = Viterbo, san francesco, esterno 01.jpg
| infobox_width= 320px
| image_size = 300px
| image= Viterbo - Chiesa di San Francesco alla Rocca 4.JPG
| caption=Romanesque façade of San Francesco
| caption = Romanesque façade of San Francesco
| location= [[Viterbo]], [[Lazio]], [[Italy]]
| location = [[Viterbo]], [[Lazio]], [[Italy]]
| geo = {{coord|42|25|19|N|12|6|25|E|type:landmark_scale:1000_region:IT|display=inline,title}}
| geo = {{coord|42|25|19|N|12|6|25|E|type:landmark_scale:1000_region:IT|display=inline,title}}
| religious_affiliation=[[Roman Catholic]]
| religious_affiliation = [[Roman Catholic]]
| rite=
| rite =
| province=[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Viterbo|Diocese of Viterbo]]
| province = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Viterbo|Diocese of Viterbo]]
| district=
| district =
| consecration_year=
| consecration_year =
| status= [[Parish]] church, [[minor basilica]]<ref name="AAS"/>
| status = [[Parish]] church, [[minor basilica]]<ref name="AAS" />
| leadership=
| leadership =
| website={{url|www.sanfrancescoviterbo.it}}
| website = {{URL|www.sanfrancescoviterbo.it}}
| architect=
| architect =
| architecture_type= [[Church (building)|Church]]
| architecture_type = [[Church (building)|Church]]
| architecture_style= [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]]
| architecture_style = [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]]
| facade_direction=
| facade_direction =
| groundbreaking= 1237{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}
| groundbreaking = 1237{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}
| year_completed=XIII century
| year_completed = 13th century
| construction_cost=
| construction_cost =
| specifications=no
| specifications = no
| capacity=
| capacity =
| length=
| length =
| width=
| width =
| width_nave=
| width_nave =
| height_max=
| height_max =
| materials=
| materials =
}}
}}


The '''Basilica of St. Francis''' ({{lang-it|Basilica di San Francesco alla Rocca}}) is a parish church and [[minor basilica]]<ref name="AAS">{{cite book|chapter=Templum (Ad Arcem) Nuncupatum, Deo In Honorem S. Francisci Assisiensis, Viterbii Exsistens, Basilicae Minoris Titulo Ac Privilegiis Cohonestatur|year=1950|publisher=Holy See|url=http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS%2042%20%5B1950%5D%20-%20ocr.pdf|title=[[Acta Apostolicae Sedis]]|volume=42|page=715|accessdate=9 July 2011|language=Latin}}</ref> in [[Viterbo]], central [[Italy]].
The '''Basilica of St Francis''' ({{langx|it|Basilica di San Francesco alla Rocca}}) is a parish church and [[minor basilica]]<ref name="AAS">{{cite book|chapter=Templum (Ad Arcem) Nuncupatum, Deo In Honorem S. Francisci Assisiensis, Viterbii Exsistens, Basilicae Minoris Titulo Ac Privilegiis Cohonestatur|year=1950|publisher=Holy See|chapter-url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS%2042%20%5B1950%5D%20-%20ocr.pdf|title=[[Acta Apostolicae Sedis]] | volume=42|page=715|accessdate=9 July 2011|language=Latin}}</ref> located on Piazza San Francesco #6 in [[Viterbo]], region of Lazio, [[Italy]]. The museological management of the church is run by the [[Polo Museale del Lazio]]. The church is just northeast of the [[Fontana della Rocca, Viterbo|Piazza della Rocca Albornoz]], just diagonally behind the Palazzo Grandori, at the northern edge (near Porta Fiorentina) of historic Viterbo.


==History==
== History ==
The church was built from 1237, on land donated by [[Pope Gregory IX]] to the [[Franciscan Order]]. The pre-existing Palazzo degli Alemanni, dating to 1208, was incorporated in the convent complex annexed to the church.
The church was built from 1237, on land donated by [[Pope Gregory IX]] to the [[Franciscan Order]]. A pre-existing ''Palazzo degli Alemanni'', dating to 1208, was incorporated in the convent complex annexed to the church. Pope Urban IV celebrated the canonization of the English Bishop [[Richard of Chichester]] in 1262.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=SdRaAAAAcAAJ Brevi Notizie della città di Viterbo e degli uomini illustri dalla medesima]; by Gaetano Coretini, Stamperia di San Michele a Ripa Grande, presso paolo Giunchi, (1774), page 59</ref> The structure was restored in the 16th and 17th centuries, with the addition of [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] elements which hid the original [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] ones. An inscription on the façade states that the church, partly destroyed by the [[Allies (World War II)|Allied]] bombings of 17 January 1944, was rebuilt and reopened in 1953. These restorations led to the removal of the Baroque add-ons and the restoration of the original Romanesque appearance.


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== Description ==
The structure was restored in the 16th and 17th centuries, with the addition of [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] elements which hid the original [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] ones. An inscription on the façade states that the church, partly destroyed by the [[Allies (World War II)|Allied]] bombings of 17 January 1944, was rebuilt and reopened in 1953. These restorations led to the removal of the Baroque add-ons and the restoration of the original Romanesque appearance.
{{multiple image|width1=135|width2=130
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| image1=Mausoleo Adriano V.jpg|caption1=Funerary monument of [[Pope Adrian V]]
| image2=Pietro di oderisio, monumento di clemente IV e del card. pierre le gros di saint-gilles, post 1268, 01.jpg|caption2=Funerary monument of [[Pope Clement IV]]
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}}
{{multiple image|width1=250
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| image1=Sfranvt4.jpg|caption1=Statue of Vicedomino de Vicedominis.
}}
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The façade has a Romanesque portal with twisting columns. Above it are the insignia of Pope [[Pius XII]], who elevated the church to the rank of [[minor basilica]] in 1949,<ref name="AAS" /> and, above it, three single [[mullioned window]]s and an [[Oculus (architecture)|oculus]]. The original medieval façade features a portico and several frescoes. At the right corner is a hexagonal pulpit, erected in 1238 as a memorial of [[Bernardino of Siena]]'s preaching in Viterbo. The church has a bell tower with a bell from 1259.


⚫
The convent housed in its history several saints, popes and emperors. It is now the seat of the military district of Viterbo.
⚫
==Description==
⚫
The façade has a Romanesque portal with twisting columns. Above it are the insignia of Pope [[Pius XII]], who elevated the church to the rank of [[minor basilica]] in 1949,<ref name="AAS"/> and, above it, three single [[mullioned window]]s and an [[oculus]]. The original medieval façade features a portico and several frescoes. At the right corner is a hexagonal pulpit, erected in 1238 as a memorial of [[Bernardino of Siena]]'s preaching in Viterbo. The church has a bell tower with a bell from 1259.

⚫
The convent housed in is history several saints, popes and emperors. It is now the seat of the military district of Viterbo.


The interior is on the Latin cross plan, with a square apse and [[truss]]ed ceiling. The latter was covered in Baroque times by a fake barrel vault. Artworks which have survived the 1944 bombing include:
The interior is on the Latin cross plan, with a square apse and [[truss]]ed ceiling. The latter was covered in Baroque times by a fake barrel vault. Artworks which have survived the 1944 bombing include:
*Right wall:
* Right wall:
**panel portraying ''Viterbo with Saints Antony of Padua and Rose of Viterbo'' (1572)
** Panel portraying ''Viterbo with Saints Antony of Padua and Rose of Viterbo'' (1572)
**''Pietà'' by [[Tommaso Masini]]
** ''Pietà'' by [[Tommaso Masini]]
*Right transept:
* Right transept:
**remains of the funerary monument of [[Pietro di Vico]] by [[Pietro Oderisi]] (1269)
** Remains of the funerary monument of [[Pietro di Vico]] by [[Pietro Oderisi]] (1269)
**Gothic funerary monument of pope [[Adrian V]] (died 1276), attributed to [[ Arnolfo di Cambio]], with a rich [[Cosmatesque]] decoration
** Gothic funerary monument of pope [[Adrian V]] (died 1276), attributed to [[Arnolfo di Cambio]], with a rich [[Cosmatesque]] decoration
*Left transept:
* Left transept:
**damaged remains of the funerary monument of Pope [[Clement IV]] (died 1268), executed by Pietro Oderisi in 1270
** damaged remains of the funerary monument of Pope [[Clement IV]] (died 1268), executed by Pietro Oderisi in 1270
**funerary statue, in [[peperino]], of cardinal [[Vicedomino de Vicedominis]], the only remain of his monument
** Funerary statue, in [[peperino]] stone, of the tomb of cardinal [[Vicedomino de Vicedominis]]
**16th century entrance of the sacristy, where once was a ''Pietà'' by [[ Sebastiano del Piombo]], now in the city's musem
** 16th century entrance of the sacristy, which formerly displayed the [[Pietà (Sebastiano del Piombo)|''Pietà'' by Sebastiano del Piombo]], now in the [[Civic Museum of Viterbo]]
**remains of the large funerary monument of cardinal [[ Gerardo Landriani]] (died in 1445)
** Remains of the large funerary monument of cardinal [[Gerardo Landriani]] (died 1445)
*Right wall of the nave:
* Right wall of the nave:
**remains of the funerary monument of cardinal Marco of Viterbo (died in 1369)
** Remains of the funerary monument of Cardinal Fra Marco of Viterbo, general of the Order of Friars Minor (died 1369)
**baptismal font and a canvas of ''Madonna with Child and Saints'' by Monaldo Trofi.
** Baptismal font and a canvas of ''Madonna with Child and Saints'' by [[Monaldo Trofi]].

{{Image gallery
|title=
|lines=2
|width=250
|align=center
⚫
|Mausoleo Adriano V.jpg ||Funerary monument of [[Pope Adrian V]]
|Clemente IV lapide.JPG||Funerary monument of [[Pope Clement IV]]
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|Sfranvt4.jpg||Statue of Vicedomino de Vicedominis.
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}}


The paintings of the ancient basilica were entirely frescoed, similarly to the mother Franciscan [[Basilica di San Francesco di Assisi|Basilica of Assisi]]. They were mostly executed by [[Antonio del Massaro]]. They were lost during the 18th century restoration and the 1944 bombing.
The paintings of the ancient basilica were entirely frescoed, similarly to the mother Franciscan [[Basilica di San Francesco di Assisi|Basilica of Assisi]]. They were mostly executed by [[Antonio del Massaro]]. They were lost during the 18th century restoration and the 1944 bombing.


==Notes==
== Notes ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
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==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline|San Francesco alla Rocca (Viterbo)}}


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== External links ==
[[category:Churches in Lazio|Francesco Viterbo]]
[[category:Buildings and structures in Viterbo]]
* {{Commons category-inline|San Francesco alla Rocca (Viterbo)}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2011}}
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[[Category:Romanesque architecture in Italy]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in the 13th century]]
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[[Category:Burial places of popes]]


{{Authority control}}
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[[de:San Francesco (Viterbo)]]

[[it:Basilica di San Francesco alla Rocca]]
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Francesco Viterbo}}
[[Category:Roman Catholic churches in Viterbo]]
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[[Category:Romanesque architecture in Lazio]]
[[Category:13th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy|Francesco]]
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[[Category:Burial places of popes]]
[[Category:Franciscan churches in Italy]]
[[Category:Minor basilicas in Lazio]]

Latest revision as of 13:18, 2 December 2024

Basilica of St Francis
San Francesco alla Rocca
Romanesque façade of San Francesco
Religion
AffiliationRoman Catholic
ProvinceDiocese of Viterbo
Ecclesiastical or organizational statusParish church, minor basilica[1]
Location
LocationViterbo, Lazio, Italy
Geographic coordinates42°25′19″N 12°6′25″E / 42.42194°N 12.10694°E / 42.42194; 12.10694
Architecture
TypeChurch
StyleRomanesque
Groundbreaking1237[citation needed]
Completed13th century
Website
www.sanfrancescoviterbo.it

The Basilica of St Francis (Italian: Basilica di San Francesco alla Rocca) is a parish church and minor basilica[1] located on Piazza San Francesco #6 in Viterbo, region of Lazio, Italy. The museological management of the church is run by the Polo Museale del Lazio. The church is just northeast of the Piazza della Rocca Albornoz, just diagonally behind the Palazzo Grandori, at the northern edge (near Porta Fiorentina) of historic Viterbo.

History

[edit]

The church was built from 1237, on land donated by Pope Gregory IX to the Franciscan Order. A pre-existing Palazzo degli Alemanni, dating to 1208, was incorporated in the convent complex annexed to the church. Pope Urban IV celebrated the canonization of the English Bishop Richard of Chichester in 1262.[2] The structure was restored in the 16th and 17th centuries, with the addition of Baroque elements which hid the original Romanesque ones. An inscription on the façade states that the church, partly destroyed by the Allied bombings of 17 January 1944, was rebuilt and reopened in 1953. These restorations led to the removal of the Baroque add-ons and the restoration of the original Romanesque appearance.

Description

[edit]
Funerary monument of Pope Adrian V
Funerary monument of Pope Clement IV
Statue of Vicedomino de Vicedominis.

The façade has a Romanesque portal with twisting columns. Above it are the insignia of Pope Pius XII, who elevated the church to the rank of minor basilica in 1949,[1] and, above it, three single mullioned windows and an oculus. The original medieval façade features a portico and several frescoes. At the right corner is a hexagonal pulpit, erected in 1238 as a memorial of Bernardino of Siena's preaching in Viterbo. The church has a bell tower with a bell from 1259.

The convent housed in its history several saints, popes and emperors. It is now the seat of the military district of Viterbo.

The interior is on the Latin cross plan, with a square apse and trussed ceiling. The latter was covered in Baroque times by a fake barrel vault. Artworks which have survived the 1944 bombing include:

The paintings of the ancient basilica were entirely frescoed, similarly to the mother Franciscan Basilica of Assisi. They were mostly executed by Antonio del Massaro. They were lost during the 18th century restoration and the 1944 bombing.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "Templum (Ad Arcem) Nuncupatum, Deo In Honorem S. Francisci Assisiensis, Viterbii Exsistens, Basilicae Minoris Titulo Ac Privilegiis Cohonestatur" (PDF). Acta Apostolicae Sedis (in Latin). Vol. 42. Holy See. 1950. p. 715. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
  2. ^ Brevi Notizie della città di Viterbo e degli uomini illustri dalla medesima; by Gaetano Coretini, Stamperia di San Michele a Ripa Grande, presso paolo Giunchi, (1774), page 59
[edit]
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