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{{about|the surname "Brady"|the given name|Brady (given name)|other uses|Brady (disambiguation)}}
The name '''Brady''' in [[Ireland]] is derived from the native [[Gaelic]] ''MacBradaigh'' [[Sept (social)|Sept]], which is taken from an [[Irish language|Irish word]] meaning 'spirited'. This Sept was based in [[County Cavan]]. A County Clare branch of the O'Gradaigh (O'Grady) Sept changed their name to Brady in the [[16th century|sixteenth century]].
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}


[[File:Brady.gif|thumb|The Brady [[coat of arms]]]]
In a listing of [http://names.mongabay.com/most_common_surnames.htm the Most Common U.S. Surnames] Brady ranked at #488.
'''Brady''' is a [[surname]] derived from the [[Irish language|Irish]] surname [[Ó Brádaigh]] or [[Mac Brádaigh]], meaning "spirited; broad".


In a listing by the U.S. Census Bureau of the Most Common U.S. Surnames, Brady was ranked at #411 in 2014.<ref>[https://www.census.gov/genealogy/www/freqnames2k.html Most Common U.S. Surnames] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818141800/http://www.census.gov/genealogy/www/freqnames2k.html |date=2014-08-18 }}</ref>
Spelling variations include: Grady, Brady, O'Grady, O'Brady, Braidy, Graidy, Bradie, Braidie, Braydy, Braydie, Gradie, Graidie, Graydy, Graydie, Bradigan, O'Bradigan and many more.


The surname was used as a test of [[nominative determinism]] in a humorous 2013 article in the ''British Medical Journal''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Keaney |first1=John J. |last2=Groarke |first2=John D. |last3=Galvin |first3=Zita |last4=McGorrian |first4=Catherine |last5=McCann |first5=Hugh A. |last6=Sugrue |first6=Declan |last7=Keelan |first7=Edward |last8=Galvin |first8=Joseph |last9=Blake |first9=Gavin |last10=Mahon |first10=Niall G. |last11=O'Neill |first11=James |title=The Brady Bunch? New evidence for nominative determinism in patients' health: retrospective, population based cohort study |journal=[[British Medical Journal]] |year=2013 |doi=10.1136/bmj.f6627 |pmid=24336304 |volume=347 |page=f6627|pmc=3898418 }}
== Other ==
</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Salim |first1=Natasya |title='Dermatologist called Rash, a rheumatologist called Knee': How names might impact your life outcomes |url=https://www.abc.net.au/triplej/programs/hack/how-names-might-impact-your-life-outcomes/13633630 |website=ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) |date=16 November 2021 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |access-date=4 October 2022}}</ref>


== Surname ==
* [[Brady Bonds]] - (a.k.a. the "[[Brady Plan]]")
{{compact TOC|name=no|side=yes|top=yes|q=|u=|x=|y=|z=|custom1=Fictional characters|custom2=See also}}
* ''[[The Brady Bunch]]''
** [[The Brady Kids]]
* [[Brady Campaign]] - a campaign to ban handguns in the United States.
** [[Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act]]
** [[Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence]]
* [[Brady Drum Company]] - manufacturer of drums in Western Australia
* [[Brady material]]


== Locations ==
===A===
*[[Aidan Brady (Gaelic footballer)]] (1930–1993), Irish Gaelic footballer
*[[Áine Brady]] (born 1954), Irish politician
*[[Al Brady]] (1910–1937), American criminal
*[[Alan Brady]] (1909–1969), Australian rugby union footballer
*[[Alec Brady]] (1870–1913), Scottish footballer
*[[Alfred Barton Brady]] (1856–1932), Australian architect
*[[Alice Brady]] (1892–1939), American silent-film actress
*[[Alice Brady (labour activist)]] (1898–1914), Irish labour activist
*[[Alison Brady]] (born 1979), American photographer
*[[Andrea Brady]] (born 1974), American poet
*[[Angela Brady]], Irish architect
*[[Anne-Marie Brady]] (born 1966), New Zealand political researcher
*[[Anthony Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people
*[[Antonio Brady]] (1811–1881), English naturalist
*[[Arthur Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people
*[[Austin Brady]] (born 1955), Irish footballer


===B===
* [[Brady, Nebraska]]
*[[Beau Brady]] (born 1981), Australian actor
* [[Brady, Texas]]
*[[Berkley Brady]], Canadian filmmaker
* [[Brady, Washington]]
*[[Bernie Brady]] (born 1947), Australian rules footballer
* [[Brady Township]]
** [[Brady Township, Michigan]]
*[[Bill Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people
*[[Bob Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people
** [[Brady Township, Pennsylvania]]
*[[Bobbi Ann Brady]], Canadian politician
** [[Brady Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania]]
*[[Brendan Brady (footballer)]] (1917–2010), Australian rules footballer
:: etc...
*[[Brian Brady]] (1903–1949), Irish politician
* [[East Brady, Pennsylvania]]
*[[Brian Brady (baseball)]] (born 1962), American baseball player
* [[Brady Lake, Ohio]]
*[[Brookner Brady]] (1905–1977), American pentathlete and colonel
* [[Bradys Bend Township, Pennsylvania]]


===C===
== Persons Surname ==
*[[Campbell Brady]] (1891–1947), Australian rules footballer
*[[Carolyn Brady]] (1937–2005), American artist
*[[Catherine Brady]], American writer
*[[Cathy Brady]] ({{fl.}} 2023), Irish film director and screenwriter
*[[Charles Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people
*[[Christopher Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people
*[[Christian M. M. Brady]] (born 1969), American translator
*[[Ciarán Brady]] (born 1994), Irish Gaelic footballer
*[[Claire Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people
*[[Cliff Brady]] (1897–1974), American baseball player
*[[Clifton Brady]] (1894–1963), American architect
*[[Colin Brady]], American animator
*[[Conor Brady]], Irish journalist
*[[Conor Brady (Gaelic footballer)]] (born 1998), Irish Gaelic footballer
*[[Cyprian Brady]] (born 1962), Irish politician


===D===
*[[Alice Brady]]
*[[Beau Brady]]
*[[Dan Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people
*[[Darren Brady]] (born 1981), Scottish footballer
*[[Bo and Hope Brady]]
*[[Dave Brady]] (fl. 1930–1988), American sportswriter
*[[Bob Brady]]
*[[Charles Brady (artist)]]
*[[David Brady]] (born 1974), Irish Gaelic footballer
*[[Charles E. Brady, Jr.]]
*[[David W. Brady]], American political scientist
*[[Denis Caulfield Brady]] (1804–1886), British politician
*[[Conor Brady]]
*[[Cyprian Brady]]
*[[Dennis Brady]] (born 1951), New Zealand cricketer
*[[Dan Brady]]
*[[Dennis Pat Brady]] (1928–2010), American boxer
*[[Edward Thomas Brady]]
*[[Donita Brady]], American biologist
*[[E. J. Brady]]
*[[Donny Brady]] (born 1973), American football player
*[[Dorothy Brady]] (1903–1977), American mathematician and economist
*[[George Brady]]
*[[Doug Brady]] (born 1969), American baseball player
*[[Gerard Brady]]
*[[Dylan Brady]] (born 1993), American singer-songwriter
*[[Graham Brady]]
*[[Dylan Brady (country singer)]] (born 1998), American singer-songwriter
*[[Hana Brady]]
*[[Ian Brady]]
*[[James Brady]]
*[[James H. Brady]]
*[[Jim Brady]]
*[[John Green Brady]]
*[[John Joseph Brady]]
*[[Kevin Brady]]
*[[Liam Brady]]
*[[Mathew Brady]]
*[[Mike Brady]]
*[[Mrs Brady the Old Lady]]
*[[Nicholas F. Brady]]
*[[Paul Brady]]
*[[Peta Brady]]
*[[Sami Brady]]
*[[Sarah Brady]]
*[[Tom Brady]]
*[[Vincent Brady]]
*[[Wayne Brady]]
*[[William Brady]]


===E===
== Persons Firstname==
*[[E. J. Brady]] (1869–1952), Australian journalist and writer
*[[Brady Anderson]]
*[[Brady Finta]]
*[[Edward Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people
*[[Edwin James Brady]] (1869–1952), Australian poet
*[[Brady Caspar]], a prominent member of the American Socialist Party.
*[[Elizabeth Brady]] (1803–1874), British headmistress
*[[Elward Thomas Brady Jr.]] (1926–2007), American politician
*[[Emily Brady]], English philosopher
*[[Erin Brady]] (born 1987), American television host
*[[Erin Brady (politician)]], American politician
*[[Ernest Brady]] (1917–2003), English academic administrator
*[[Eugene R. Brady]] (1928–2011), American naval aviator


===F===
== Brady History ==
*[[Farmer Brady]] (1893–??), American baseball player
<blockquote>"In Irish the name Brady is Mac Bradaigh so that it should correctly be MacBrady in the anglicised form; the prefix Mac, however, has seldom if ever been used in modern times; the modern use of the prefix O instead of Mac with this name is erroneous. </blockquote>
*[[Fern Brady]] (born 1986), Scottish comedian
*[[Francis Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people
*[[Frank Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people


===G===
<blockquote>The MacBradys were a powerful [[Sept (social)|sept]] belonging to Breffny, their chief holding sway over a territory lying a few miles east of [[Cavan|Cavan town]], in the [[Baron|barony]] of Loughter Upper. The Four Masters record many illustrious chiefs of the name there. The historian Abbe MacGeoghegan says that the MacBradys are a branch of the O'Carrolls of Calry, [[Leitrim, County Down|County Leitrim]], a statement which has been often repeated, but modern authorities refute this. In any case they have always been prominently associated with County Cavan; and it is in County Cavan and adjacent areas the Bradys are mostly found today. They are indeed very numerous in Ireland with an estimated population of nearly 10,000 persons so called. Brady is among the sixty most common names in Ireland, among the forty most common in [[Ulster]], among the twenty most common in [[Monaghan]] and ranks third in County Cavan, the homeland of the sept. The [[1890]] [[census]] figures show the name in significant numbers in [[County Dublin]], [[County Antrim]], [[County Meath]] and [[County Longford]].</blockquote>
*[[Garry Brady]] (born 1976), Scottish footballer
*[[Gavin Brady]] (born 1973), New Zealand sailor
*[[Genevieve Garvan Brady]] (1880–1938), American philanthropist
*[[George Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people
*[[Ger Brady]], Gaelic footballer
*[[Gerald Brady]] (born 1956), American politician
*[[Gerard Brady]] (1936–2020), Irish politician
*[[Gerry Brady]] (born 1948), Irish politician
*[[Gerry Brady (sport shooter)]] (1925–2012), Irish sport shooter
*[[Glenn Brady]] (1935–2019), American football and baseball coach
*[[Gordon L. Brady]], American economist
*[[Graham Brady]] (born 1967), British politician
*[[Greg Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people


===H===
<blockquote>A number of families of Brady are also to be found in the district around the village of [[Tuamgraney]], [[County Clare]]. These are in fact not truly Bradys at all but O'Gradys, of the same family as O'Grady of Kilballyowen, [[County Limerick]]: from the time of [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] onwards these O'Gradys identified themselves with the [[English]] cause: for that reason, perhaps, they adopted the form Brady instead of Grady. The first [[Protestant]] [[Bishop of Meath and Kildare]], for example, was [[Hugh Brady]], a Clareman, son of [[Donough O'Grady]]. The Limerick branch, on the other hand, having been Brady for a generation or two, reverted to the correct form O'Grady.</blockquote>
*[[Hana Brady]] (1931–1944), Czechoslovakian-Jewish holocaust victim
*[[Henry Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people
*[[Holly A. Brady]] (born 1969), American judge
*[[Hugh Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people


===I===
<blockquote>All the Bradys who have distinguished themselves in the cultural and political history of Ireland were from County Cavan. The most notable of these are
*[[Ian Brady]] (1938–2017), Scottish serial killer
*[[Fiachra MacBrady]] (fl. [[1710]]), and Rev. [[Philip MacBrady]] (died [[1719]]), both Gaelic poets, the latter of whom became a Protestant clergyman and was very popular with the people of County Cavan, perhaps because he satirised his colleagues. In this category we may also place [[Phelim Brady]] (fl. [[1710]]), usually referred to as "bold Phelim Brady the bard of Armagh".
*[[Thomas Brady]] ([[1752]]-[[1827]]), a farmer's son from [[Cootehill]], County Cavan, became a [[Field Marshal]] in the Austrian service and Governor of [[Dalmatia]];
*[[Michael Brady]] another who was prominent in military service outside Ireland was : he was executed for his part in the service of the "[[Charles Edward Stuart|Young Pretender]]" in [[1745]].
*In the ecclesiastical sphere [[Gilbert MacBrady]] was [[Bishop of Ardagh]] from [[1396]] to [[1400]]; and three MacBradys were bishops of Kilmore in the [[15th century|fifteenth]] and [[16th century|sixteenth centuries]]: in [[1580]] [[John MacBrady]] was succeeded in the same see by [[Richard Brady]] a distinguished Franciscan. [[Andrew MacBrady]] in [[1454]] was the first bishop of Kilmore to provide a cathedral church for the diocese. The Cavan Crosier, staff of the early MacBrady bishops, is one of the few Irish crosiers to have survived the Reformation and is now in the National Museum in Dublin.
*A Catholic descendant of [[Hugh Brady]], first Protestant [[Bishop of Meath and Kildare]], [[Edwin James Brady]] ([[1869]]-[[1952]]), had an adventurous life in many lands and was the author of some fine sea ballads. He was born at [[Carcour]], [[New South Wales]].
*Apart from the Gaelic poets the most important literary man of the name was [[William Maziere Brady]] ([[1825]]-[[1894]]), author of ''[[Episcopal Succession in England, Scotland and Ireland]]''.</blockquote>
source: [http://www.araltas.com/features/brady/]


==Heraldry==
===J===
*[[Jack Brady]] (born 1996), Irish footballer
*[[Jackie Brady]] (born 1975), British artistic gymnast
*[[Jackson Brady]] (born 1997), New Zealand footballer
*[[Jasper Ewing Brady]] (1797–1871), American politician
*[[James Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people
*[[Jeff Brady]] (born 1968), American football player
*[[Jeff Brady (reporter)]], American reporter
*[[Jennifer Brady]] (born 1995), American tennis player
*[[Jerry Brady]] (born 1936), American businessman
*[[James Brady (disambiguation)|Jim Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people
*[[Joan Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people
*[[John Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people
*[[Joseph Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people
*[[Julio Brady]] (1942–2015), U.S. Virgin Islander judge
*[[Justin Brady]], British actor


===K===
The [[Office of the Chief Herald of Ireland|Chief Herald of Ireland]] records the ancient sept arms of MacBrady
*[[Karen Brady]] (born 1986), Irish camogie player
*[[Kathleen Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people
*[[Karren Brady]] (born 1969), British sporting executive and broadcaster
*[[Kelly Brady]] (born 1979), American publicist
*[[Kerry Brady]] (born 1963), American football player
*[[Kevin Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people
*[[Kieron Brady]] (born 1971), Scottish footballer
*[[Killian Brady]] (born 1990), Irish Gaelic footballer
*[[King Brady]] (1881–1947), American baseball player
*[[Kyle Brady]] (born 1972), American football player


===L===
Sable, in the sinister base a dexter hand couped at the wrist proper pointing with the index finger at a sun in splendour in dexter chief or.
*[[Laurence Brady]] (1892–1973), Irish politician
*[[Laurie Brady]] (1895–1944), Australian rules footballer
*[[Leo Brady]] (1917–1984), American writer
*[[Liam Brady]] (born 1956), Irish footballer
*[[Lisa Brady]] (born 1992), Irish businesswoman


===M===
No crest or motto is recorded, but in 1766, the arms of [[James Bernard MacBrady]], [[Count]] of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] were recorded as above with the addition of a crest "a cherub proper the wings or" and the motto "claritate dextra" (which roughly means, the right hand is clear). This crest and motto appears in the arms of at least four other Bradys - sufficiently numerous to be regarded as traditional sept symbols along with the shield.
*[[Marcus Brady]] (born 1979), American football coach
*[[Margaret Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people
*[[Mathew Brady]] (1823–1896), Irish-American photographer
*[[Matt Brady]] (born 1965), American basketball coach
*[[Matthew Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people
*[[Maureen Brady]] (born 1943), American writer
*[[Maurice V. Brady]] (1904–1991), American politician
*[[Mary Brady]] (1821–1864), American nurse
*[[Maya Brady]], American softball player
*[[Maziere Brady]] (1796–1871), Irish judge
*[[Michael Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people
*[[Mickey Brady]] (born 1950), Irish politician
*[[Mildred Edie Brady]] (1906–1965), American writer
*[[Millie Brady]] (born 1993), British actress
*[[M. Jane Brady]] (born 1951), American attorney and judge
*[[Moya Brady]] (born 1962), English actress


===N===
[[Category:Place names]]
*[[Neal Brady]] (1897–1947), American baseball player
[[Category:Surnames]]
*[[Neil Brady]] (born 1968), Canadian ice hockey player
[[Category:Irish surnames]]
*[[Nicholas Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people
{{disambig}}
*[[Nigel Brady]] (born 1979), Irish rugby union footballer
*[[Nyle C. Brady]] (1920–2015), American soil scientist


===O===
[[de:Brady]]
*[[Ollie Brady]], Irish Gaelic footballer
*[[Orla Brady]] (born 1961), Irish film and television actress
*[[Owen Brady]], Irish Orthopaedic Surgeon

===P===
*[[Pam Brady]], American television producer
*[[Pam Bristol Brady]] (born 1953), American badminton player
*[[Pat Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people
*[[Patrick Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people
*[[Paul Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people
*[[Peta Brady]] (born 1972), Australian actress
*[[Peter Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people
*[[Philip Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people

===R===
*[[Ray Brady]] (1937–2016), Irish footballer
*[[Rhonda Brady]] (born 1959), American track and field athlete
*[[Richard Brady]] (??–1607), Irish prelate
*[[Rickey Brady]] (born 1970), American football player
*[[Robert Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people
*[[Rodney H. Brady]] (1933–2017), American businessman
*[[Roger A. Brady]] (born 1946), American general
*[[Rory Brady]] (1957–2010), Irish barrister
*[[Roscoe Brady]] (1923–2016), American biochemist
*[[Royston Brady]] (born 1972), Irish businessman and politician

===S===
*[[Samuel Brady]] (1756–1795), American military captain
*[[Samuel Brady (Maryland politician)]] (??–1871), American politician
*[[Sarah Brady]] (1942–2015), American activist
*[[Scott Brady]] (1924–1985), American actor
*[[Scott Brady (lawyer)]], American attorney
*[[Seán Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people
*[[Shannon Brady]] (born 1996), Australian footballer
*[[Shaun Brady]], British trade unionist
*[[Shawn Brady]] (2014-??), Municipal Judge Denmark WI
*[[Spike Brady]] (1854–??), American baseball player
*[[St. Elmo Brady]] (1884–1966), American chemist
*[[Stephen Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people
*[[Stumpy Brady]] (1910–??), American musician
*[[Susan Brady]], American psychologist and literacy expert

===T===
*[[Tanya Brady]] (1973–2022), British army captain
*[[Terence Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people
*[[Terry Brady]], Irish businessman and sports owner
*[[Terry Brady (footballer)]] (born 1944), Australian rules footballer
*[[Tess Brady]] (born 1948), American writer
*[[Thérèse Brady]] (1930–1999), Irish psychologist
*[[Thomas Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people
*[[Tiernan Brady]], Irish-Australian politician
*[[Tom Brady]] (born 1977), American football player

===V===
*[[Vanessa Brady]] (born 1959), English interior designer
*[[Veronica Brady]] (1929–2015), Australian religious figure
*[[Vincent Brady]] (1936–2020), Irish politician

===W===
*[[Wayne Brady]] (born 1972), American comedian and TV personality
*[[William Brady (disambiguation)]], multiple people
*[[W. Tate Brady]] (1870–1925), American businessman

==Fictional characters==
*[[Bo Brady]], character in [[Days of Our Lives]]
*[[Brendan Brady]], character in [[Hollyoaks]]
*[[Caroline Brady]], character in [[Days of Our Lives]]
*[[Carrie Brady]], character in [[Days of Our Lives]]
*[[Cassie Brady]], character in [[Days of Our Lives]]
*Charles Brady, character in ''[[Sleepwalkers (1992 film)|Sleepwalkers]]'' (1992 film)
*[[Chelsea Brady]], character in [[Days of Our Lives]]
*[[Cheryl Brady]], character in [[Days of Our Lives]]
*[[Ciara Brady]], character in [[Days of Our Lives]]
*[[Eric Brady]], character in [[Days of Our Lives]]
*[[Frankie Brady]], character in [[Days of Our Lives]]
*[[Hope Williams Brady]], character in [[Days of Our Lives]]
*[[Kayla Brady]], character in [[Days of Our Lives]]
*[[Kimberly Brady]], character in [[Days of Our Lives]]
*[[Roman Brady]], character in [[Days of Our Lives]]
*[[Sami Brady]], character in [[Days of Our Lives]]
*[[Shawn Brady]], character in [[Days of Our Lives]]
*[[Shawn-Douglas Brady]], character in [[Days of Our Lives]]

== See also ==
*[[Brady (disambiguation)]], a disambiguation page
*[[Brady (given name)]], people with the given name of Brady
*[[Attorney General Brady (disambiguation)]], a disambiguation page for Attorney Generals surnamed Brady
*[[General Brady (disambiguation)]], a disambiguation page for generals surnamed Brady
*[[Judge Brady (disambiguation)]], a disambiguation page for judges surnamed Brady
*[[Justice Brady (disambiguation)]], a disambiguation page for justices surnamed Brady
*[[Senator Brady (disambiguation)]], a disambiguation page for senators surnamed Brady

== Notes ==
<references />
{{surname|Brady}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brady}}
[[Category:English-language surnames]]
[[Category:Anglicised Irish-language surnames]]

Latest revision as of 14:19, 2 December 2024

The Brady coat of arms

Brady is a surname derived from the Irish surname Ó Brádaigh or Mac Brádaigh, meaning "spirited; broad".

In a listing by the U.S. Census Bureau of the Most Common U.S. Surnames, Brady was ranked at #411 in 2014.[1]

The surname was used as a test of nominative determinism in a humorous 2013 article in the British Medical Journal.[2][3]

Surname

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D

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E

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F

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I

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  • Ian Brady (1938–2017), Scottish serial killer

J

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K

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L

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M

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N

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O

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P

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R

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S

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T

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V

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W

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Fictional characters

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Most Common U.S. Surnames Archived 2014-08-18 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ Keaney, John J.; Groarke, John D.; Galvin, Zita; McGorrian, Catherine; McCann, Hugh A.; Sugrue, Declan; Keelan, Edward; Galvin, Joseph; Blake, Gavin; Mahon, Niall G.; O'Neill, James (2013). "The Brady Bunch? New evidence for nominative determinism in patients' health: retrospective, population based cohort study". British Medical Journal. 347: f6627. doi:10.1136/bmj.f6627. PMC 3898418. PMID 24336304.
  3. ^ Salim, Natasya (16 November 2021). "'Dermatologist called Rash, a rheumatologist called Knee': How names might impact your life outcomes". ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 4 October 2022.