1989 Indian general election in Kerala: Difference between revisions

Content deleted Content added

Inline

Latest revision as of 16:18, 2 December 2024

The 1989 Indian general election were held to elect 20 members to the ninth Lok Sabha from Kerala.^[1] Indian National Congress (INC)-led United Democratic Front (UDF) won 17 seats while Left Democratic Front (LDF), led by Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)) won the remaining 3 seats.^[2] Turnout for the election was at 79.30%^[3] In the Lok Sabha, INC won plurality of seats, however Janata Dal (JD), led by V. P. Singh formed the government, albeit a short-lived one, with support from BJP and CPI(M).

Alliances and parties

^[4]

UDF is a Kerala legislative alliance formed by INC veteran K. Karunakaran. LDF comprises primarily of CPI(M) and the CPI, forming the Left Front in the national level. Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) contested in 19 seats.

United Democratic Front

No.	Party	Seats Contested
1.	Indian National Congress	17
2.	Indian Union Muslim League	2
3.	Kerala Congress (M)	1

Left Democratic Front

No.	Party	Election Symbol	Seats Contested
1.	Communist Party of India (Marxist)	Key	10
2.	Communist Party of India	Star	3
3.	Indian Congress (Socialist) - Sarat Chandra Singha		1
4.	Independents		3
5.	Janata Dal		1
6.	Revolutionary Socialist Party		1
7.	Kerala Congress		1

Bharatiya Janata Party

No.	Party	Election Symbol	Seats Contested
1.	Bharatiya Janata Party		19

List of elected MPs

^[5]

No.	Constituency	Name of Elected M.P.	Party Affiliation
1	Kasaragod	Ramanna Rai	CPI(M)
2	Kannur	Mullappally Ramachandran	INC
3	Vatakara	K. P. Unnikrishnan	ICS(SCS)
4	Kozhikode	K. Muraleedharan	INC
5	Manjeri	G.M. Banatwalia	IUML
6	Ponnani	Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait	IUML
7	Palakkad	A. Vijayaraghavan	CPI(M)
8	Ottapalam	K. R. Narayanan	INC
9	Thrissur	P. A. Antony	INC
10	Mukundapuram	Savitri Lakshmanan	INC
11	Ernakulam	K. V. Thomas	INC
12	Muvattupuzha	P. C. Thomas	KC(M)
13	Kottayam	Ramesh Chennithala	INC
14	Idukki	K. M. Mathew	INC
15	Alappuzha	Vakkom Purushothaman	INC
16	Mavelikkara	P. J. Kurien	INC
17	Adoor	Kodikunnil Suresh	INC
18	Kollam	S. Krishna Kumar	INC
19	Chirayankil	Thalekunnil Basheer	INC
20	Thiruvananthapuram	A. Charles	INC

Results

Performance of political parties

^[6]

Vote Share by alliance

UDF (49.29%)

LDF (42.93%)

BJP (4.51%)

Other (3.27%)

No.	Party	Political Front	Seats	Votes	%Votes	±pp
1	Indian National Congress	UDF	14	62,18,850	41.70%	8.43
2	Communist Party of India (Marxist)	LDF	2	34,11,227	22.87%	0.60
3	Communist Party of India	LDF	0	9,24,994	6.20%	1.17
4	Indian Union Muslim League	UDF	2	7,80,322	5.23%	0.06
5	Bharatiya Janata Party		0	6,72,613	4.51%	2.76
6	Indian Congress (Socialist) - Sarat Chandra Singha	LDF	1	3,70,434	2.48%	1.90
7	Revolutionary Socialist Party	LDF	0	3,59,393	2.41%	new
8	Kerala Congress (M)	UDF	1	3,52,191	2.36%	new
9	Janata Dal	LDF	0	2,77,682	1.86%	new
10	Kerala Congress	LDF	0	68,811	0.46%	1.91
11	Janata Party	none	0	38,492	0.26%	1.87
12	Bahujan Samaj Party	none	0	17,762	0.12%	new
13	Deseeya Karshaka Party	none	0	3,059	0.02%	new
14	Socialist Unity Centre of India	none	0	2,151	0.01%	new
Independents			0	14,14,560	9.49%	2.40

By constituency

^[7]

No.	Constituency	UDF candidate	Votes	%	Party	LDF candidate	Votes	%	Party	BJP / Other candidate	Votes	%	Party	Winning alliance	Margin
1	Kasaragod	I. Rama Rai	3,57,177	44.5%	INC	M. Rammana Rai	3,58,723	44.7%	CPI(M)	C. K. Padmanabhan	69,419	8.6%	BJP	LDF	1,546
2	Kannur	Mullappally Ramachandran	3,91,042	50.1%	INC	P. Sasi	3,48,638	44.6%	CPI(M)	Palliyara Raman	31,266	4.0%	BJP	UDF	42,404
3	Vatakara	A. Sujanapal	3,62,225	45.5%	INC	K. P. Unnikrishnan	3,70,434	46.5%	ICS(SCS)	P. K. Krishnadas	45,558	5.7%	BJP	LDF	8,209
4	Kozhikode	K. Muraleedharan	3,77,858	47.9%	INC	E. K. Imbichibava	3,48,901	44.3%	CPI(M)	P. S. Sreedharan Pillai	49,696	6.3%	BJP	UDF	28,957
5	Manjeri	Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait	4,01,975	49.6%	IUML	K. V. Salahuddin	3,31,693	40.9%	IND	Ahalya Sankar	51,634	7.0%	BJP	UDF	70,282
6	Ponnani	G. M. Banatwalia	3,78,347	53.2%	IUML	M. Rahmathulia	2,70,828	38.1%	CPI	K. Janachandran	48,892	6.9%	BJP	UDF	1,07,519
7	Palakkad	V. S. Vijayaraghavan	3,47,115	46.8%	INC	A. Vijayaraghavan	3,48,401	47.0%	CPI(M)	T. Chandrasekharan	27,220	3.7%	BJP	LDF	1,286
8	Ottapalam	K. R. Narayanan	3,50,683	48.5%	INC	Lenin Rajendran	3,24,496	44.9%	CPI(M)	Lakshmanan	32,892	4.5%	BJP	UDF	26,187
9	Thrissur	P. A. Antony	3,38,271	47.0%	INC	Meenakshi Thampan	3,32,036	46.2%	CPI	K. V. Sreedharan	38,205	5.3%	BJP	UDF	6,235
10	Mukundapuram	Savithri Lakshmanan	3,67,931	48.5%	INC	C. O. Poulose	3,49,177	46.0%	CPI(M)	K. K. Gangadharan	28,781	3.8%	BJP	UDF	18,754
11	Ernakulam	K. V. Thomas	3,85,176	49.6%	INC	P. Subramnoian Poti	3,48,711	44.9%	IND	A. N. Radhakrishnan	29,162	3.8%	BJP	UDF	36,465
12	Muvattupuzha	P. C. Thomas	3,52,191	48.1%	KC(M)	P. J. Joseph	68,811	9.4%	KEC	C. Poulose	2,83,380	38.7%	IND	UDF	68,811
13	Kottayam	Ramesh Chennithala	3,84,809	51.1%	INC	K. Suresh Kurup	3,31,276	44.0%	CPI(M)	Ettumanoor Radhakrishnan	18,449	2.5%	BJP	UDF	53,533
14	Idukki	K. M. Mathew	3,98,516	53.4%	INC	M. C. Josephine	3,07,037	41.1%	CPI(M)	M. N. Jayachandran	25,354	3.4%	BJP	UDF	91,479
15	Alappuzha	Vakkom Purushotham	3,75,763	50.0%	INC	K. V. Devadas	3,50,640	46.7%	CPI(M)	K. D. Ramakrishnan	15,127	2.0%	BJP	UDF	25,123
16	Mavelikkara	P. J. Kurian	3,34,864	50.9%	INC	Thampan Thomas	2,77,682	42.2%	JD	Prathapachandra Verma	30,229	4.6%	BJP	UDF	57,182
17	Adoor	Kodikunnil Suresh	3,43,672	49.6%	INC	N. Rajan	3,22,130	46.5%	CPI	E. K. Sasidharan	17,123	2.5%	BJP	UDF	21,542
18	Kollam	S. Krishnakumar	3,86,855	49.9%	INC	Babu Divakaran	3,59,393	46.4%	RSP	P. K. S. Rajeev	16,202	2.1%	IND	UDF	27,462
19	Chirayinkil	Thalekunnil Basheer	3,49,068	47.8%	INC	Susheela Gopalan	3,43,938	47.1%	CPI(M)	V. N. Gopalakrishnan Nair	23,049	3.2%	BJP	UDF	5,130
20	Trivandrum	A. Charles	3,67,825	48.6%	INC	O. N. V. Kurup	3,16,912	41.9%	IND	P. Asok Kumar	56,046	7.4%	BJP	UDF	50,913

References

^ "General Election, 1989". Archived from the original on 2019-05-15.
^ "PC: Kerala 1989".^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ "STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1989 TO THE 9th LOK SABHA" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-04-13.
^ "PC: Alliances Kerala 1989".
^ Roy Mathew. "Indian Parliament Elections 1989: Kerala Winners". keralaassembly.org. Archived from the original on 2004-04-30. Retrieved 2020-09-15.
^ "PC: Party-wise performance for 1989 Kerala".
^ "PC: Kerala 1989".^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[1] "General Election, 1989". Archived from the original on 2019-05-15.

[2] "PC: Kerala 1989".^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[3] "STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1989 TO THE 9th LOK SABHA" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-04-13.

[4] "PC: Alliances Kerala 1989".

[5] Roy Mathew. "Indian Parliament Elections 1989: Kerala Winners". keralaassembly.org. Archived from the original on 2004-04-30. Retrieved 2020-09-15.

[6] "PC: Party-wise performance for 1989 Kerala".

[:0-7] "PC: Kerala 1989".^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Indian general election held to elect 20 members}}
-{{Infobox election|
+{{Infobox election
-| seat_change1 = {{increase}}1
+| election_name = 1989 Indian general election
-| seat_change2 = {{increase}}1
-| map_image = Kerala in India.png
-| percentage1 = 41.70%
-| seats_for_election = 20 seats
-<!-- UDF -->| image1 =
-| party1 = Indian National Congress
-| alliance1 = [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]
-| seats1 = 14
-| last_election1 = 13
-| seat_change4 = -
-| ongoing = no
-| seat_change3 = -
-| turnout = 79.30% ({{increase}}2.18%)
-| percentage3 = 6.20%
-| last_election4 = 2
-| election_date = November 1989
-| alliance4 = [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]
-| seats4 = 2
-| percentage4 = 5.23%
-| party4 = Indian Union Muslim League
-| image 4 =
-| previous_election = 1984 Indian general election
-| type = parliamentary|<!-- BJP -->
-| map_caption = [[Kerala]]
-| image3 =
-| last_election2 = 1
-| post title =
-| before_election =
-| before_party =
-| after_election =
-| after_party = <!-- LDF -->
-| image2 = [[File:Indian Election Symbol Hammer Sickle and Star.png|75px]]
-| seats2 = 2
-| party2 = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
-| alliance2 = [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]
 | country = India
+| type = parliamentary
+| ongoing = no
+| previous_election = 1984 Indian general election in Kerala
 | previous_year = 1984
 | next_election = 1991 Indian general election in Kerala
-| party3 = Communist Party of India
-| alliance3 = [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]
-| seats3 = 0
-| last_election3 = 0
-| title =
-| map_size = 200px
 | next_year = 1991
+| election_date = November 1989
-| election_name = 1989 Indian general election
+| seats_for_election = 20 seats
-| percentage2 = 22.87%
-}}The '''[[1989 Indian general election]]''' were held to elect 20 members to the [[9th Lok Sabha|ninth Lok Sabha]] from [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=General Election, 1989|url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/4120-general-election-1989-vol-i-ii/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515060548/https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/4120-general-election-1989-vol-i-ii/ |archive-date=2019-05-15 |access-date=|website=}}</ref> [[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (INC)]]-led [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front (UDF)]] won 17 seats while [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Democratic Front (LDF)]], led by [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M))]] won the remaining 3 seats.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Kerala 1989|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/info?state=28&eid=09|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Turnout for the election was at 79.30%<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1989 TO THE 9th LOK SABHA|url=https://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/Links/Books/89_Vol_I.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413154801/http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in:80/Links/Books/89_Vol_I.pdf |archive-date=2018-04-13 |access-date=|website=}}</ref> In the Lok Sabha, INC won plurality of seats, however [[Janata Dal|Janata Dal (JD)]], led by [[Vishwanath Pratap Singh|V. P. Singh]] formed the government, albeit a short-lived one, with support from BJP and CPI(M).
+| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=K. Karunakaran, Indian politician.jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=0|oTop=14}}
+| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=E.K.Nayanar 1.jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=0|oTop=08}}
+| leader1 = [[K. Karunakaran]]
+| alliance1 = [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]
+| leaders_seat1 = -
+| leader2 = [[E. K. Nayanar]]
+| alliance2 = [[Left Democratic Front|LDF]]
+| leaders_seat2 = -
+| seats1 = 17
+| seats2 = 3
+| last_election1 =  18
+| last_election2 =  2
+| seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 1
+| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 1
+| party1 = Indian National Congress
+| party2 = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
+| percentage1 = 49.29%
+| percentage2 = 42.93%
+}}
+The '''[[1989 Indian general election]]''' were held to elect 20 members to the [[9th Lok Sabha|ninth Lok Sabha]] from [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=General Election, 1989|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4120-general-election-1989-vol-i-ii/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515060548/https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/4120-general-election-1989-vol-i-ii/ |archive-date=2019-05-15 |access-date=|website=}}</ref> [[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (INC)]]-led [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front (UDF)]] won 17 seats while [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Democratic Front (LDF)]], led by [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M))]] won the remaining 3 seats.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Kerala 1989|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/info?state=28&eid=09}}{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Turnout for the election was at 79.30%<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1989 TO THE 9th LOK SABHA|url=https://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/Links/Books/89_Vol_I.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413154801/http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in:80/Links/Books/89_Vol_I.pdf |archive-date=2018-04-13 |access-date=|website=}}</ref> In the Lok Sabha, INC won plurality of seats, however [[Janata Dal|Janata Dal (JD)]], led by [[Vishwanath Pratap Singh|V. P. Singh]] formed the government, albeit a short-lived one, with support from BJP and CPI(M).
 == Alliances and parties ==
-<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Alliances Kerala 1989|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/alliance/partyWise/09/28|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref>
+<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Alliances Kerala 1989|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/alliance/partyWise/09/28}}</ref>
 UDF is a Kerala legislative alliance formed by INC veteran [[K. Karunakaran]]. LDF comprises primarily of CPI(M) and the [[Communist Party of India|CPI]], forming the [[Third Front (India)|Left Front]] in the national level. [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)]] contested in 19 seats.
@@ Line 88: / Line 75: @@
 | style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)}};color:white" |'''1.'''
 |Communist Party of India (Marxist)
-|[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Hammer_Sickle_and_Star.png|center|45x45px|Key]]
+|[[File:CPI(M) election symbol - Hammer Sickle and Star.svg|center|45x45px|Key]]
 | style="text-align:center;" |10
 |- style="height: 4px;"
@@ Line 136: / Line 123: @@
 == List of elected MPs ==
-<ref>{{Cite web|last=Roy Mathew|first=|date=|title=Indian Parliament Elections 1989: Kerala Winners|url=http://keralaassembly.org/lok/winners.php4?year=1989|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040430125531/http://www.keralaassembly.org:80/lok/winners.php4?year=1989 |archive-date=2004-04-30 |access-date=2020-09-15|website=keralaassembly.org}}</ref>
+<ref>{{Cite web|last=Roy Mathew|date=|title=Indian Parliament Elections 1989: Kerala Winners|url=http://keralaassembly.org/lok/winners.php4?year=1989|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040430125531/http://www.keralaassembly.org:80/lok/winners.php4?year=1989 |archive-date=2004-04-30 |access-date=2020-09-15|website=keralaassembly.org}}</ref>
 {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
 !No.
@@ Line 247: / Line 234: @@
 === Performance of political parties ===
-<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Party-wise performance for 1989 Kerala|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/party_list/28/09|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref>{{Pie chart|caption='''Vote Share by alliance'''|other=yes|value1=49.29|label1=[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|color1={{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|value2=42.93|label2=[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|color2={{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|value3=4.51|label3=[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|color3={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
+<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Party-wise performance for 1989 Kerala|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/party_list/28/09}}</ref>{{Pie chart|caption='''Vote Share by alliance'''|other=yes|value1=49.29|label1=[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|color1={{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|value2=42.93|label2=[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|color2={{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|value3=4.51|label3=[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|color3={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
-{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
+{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
 !No.
 !Party
@@ Line 291: / Line 278: @@
 |5
 |Bharatiya Janata Party
-|NDA
+|
 |0
 |6,72,613
@@ Line 372: / Line 359: @@
 |0
 |14,14,560
 |9.49%
 |{{increase}}2.40
 |}
 === By constituency ===
-<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Kerala 1989|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/info?state=28&eid=09|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
+<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Kerala 1989|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/info?state=28&eid=09}}{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
-{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
+{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
 !No.
 !Constituency
@@ Line 542: / Line 529: @@
 |46.2%
 |CPI
 |K. V. Sreedharan
 |38,205
 |5.3%
@@ Line 555: / Line 542: @@
 |48.5%
 |INC
 |C. O. Poulose
 |3,49,177
 |46.0%
 |CPI(M)
 |K. K. Gangadharan
 |28,781
 |3.8%
@@ Line 738: / Line 725: @@
 == See also ==
 * [[Elections in Kerala]]
 * [[Politics of Kerala]]
@@ Line 745: / Line 731: @@
 {{reflist}}{{Kerala elections}}
 [[Category:1989 Indian general election by state or union territory]]
-[[Category:1989 Indian general election]]
+[[Category:1989 Indian general election|K]]
 [[Category:Indian general elections in Kerala]]

v t e Elections in Kerala
General elections	1957 1962 1967 1971 1977 1980 1984 1989 1991 1996 1998 1999 2004 2009 2014 2019 2024
Legislative Assembly	1952 (TC) 1954 (TC) 1957 1960 1965 1967 1970 1977 1980 1982 1987 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 2021 2026
Local elections	... 2010 2015 2020
See also: Elections in India