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{{Short description|Indian general election held to elect 20 members}}
{{Infobox election|
{{Infobox election
| seat_change1 = {{decrease}}1
| election_name = 1989 Indian general election
| seat_change2 = {{increase}}1
| map_image = Kerala in India.png
| country = India
| type = parliamentary
| percentage1 = 38.77%
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1984 Indian general election in Kerala
| previous_year = 1984
| next_election = 1991 Indian general election in Kerala
| next_year = 1991
| election_date = November 1989
| seats_for_election = 20 seats
| seats_for_election = 20 seats


| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=K. Karunakaran, Indian politician.jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=0|oTop=14}}
<!-- UDF -->| image1 = [[File:Hand INC.svg|75px]]
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=E.K.Nayanar 1.jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=0|oTop=08}}
| party1 = Indian National Congress
| alliance1 = [[United Democratic Front|UDF]]
| leader1 = [[K. Karunakaran]]
| alliance1 = [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]
| seats1 = 13
| last_election1 = 14
| leaders_seat1 = -

| seat_change4 = -

| ongoing = no
| leader2 = [[E. K. Nayanar]]
| seat_change3 = -
| alliance2 = [[Left Democratic Front|LDF]]
| turnout = 73.32% ({{decrease}}5.98%)
| percentage3 = 8.12%
| leaders_seat2 = -

| last_election4 = 2
| seats1 = 17
| election_date = May-June 1991
| alliance4 = [[United Democratic Front|UDF]]
| seats4 = 2
| percentage4 = 5.02%
| party4 = Indian Union Muslim League
| image 4 =
| previous_election = 1989 Indian general election
| type = parliamentary|<!-- BJP -->
| map_caption = [[Kerala]]
| image3 =
| last_election2 = 2
| post title =
| before_election =
| before_party =
| after_election =
| after_party = <!-- LDF -->
| image2 = [[File:Indian Election Symbol Hammer Sickle and Star.png|75px]]
| seats2 = 3
| seats2 = 3
| last_election1 = 18
| last_election2 = 2

| seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 1
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 1
| party1 = Indian National Congress
| party2 = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| party2 = Communist Party of India (Marxist)

| alliance2 = [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]
| country = India
| percentage1 = 49.29%
| previous_year = 1989
| percentage2 = 42.93%
}}
| next_election = 1996 Indian general election in Kerala
The '''[[1989 Indian general election]]''' were held to elect 20 members to the [[9th Lok Sabha|ninth Lok Sabha]] from [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=General Election, 1989|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4120-general-election-1989-vol-i-ii/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515060548/https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/4120-general-election-1989-vol-i-ii/ |archive-date=2019-05-15 |access-date=|website=}}</ref> [[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (INC)]]-led [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front (UDF)]] won 17 seats while [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Democratic Front (LDF)]], led by [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M))]] won the remaining 3 seats.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Kerala 1989|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/info?state=28&eid=09}}{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Turnout for the election was at 79.30%<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1989 TO THE 9th LOK SABHA|url=https://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/Links/Books/89_Vol_I.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413154801/http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in:80/Links/Books/89_Vol_I.pdf |archive-date=2018-04-13 |access-date=|website=}}</ref> In the Lok Sabha, INC won plurality of seats, however [[Janata Dal|Janata Dal (JD)]], led by [[Vishwanath Pratap Singh|V. P. Singh]] formed the government, albeit a short-lived one, with support from BJP and CPI(M).
| party3 = Communist Party of India
| alliance3 = [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]
| seats3 = 0
| last_election3 = 0
| title =
| map_size = 200px
| next_year = 1996
| election_name = 1991 Indian general election
| percentage2 = 20.71%
}}The '''[[1989 Indian general election]]''' were held to elect 20 members to the [[9th Lok Sabha|ninth Lok Sabha]] from [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=General Election, 1989|url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/4120-general-election-1989-vol-i-ii/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> [[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (INC)]]-led [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|United Democratic Front (UDF)]] won 17 seats while [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Democratic Front (LDF)]], led by [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M))]] won the remaining 3 seats.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Kerala 1989|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/info?state=28&eid=09|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> Turnout for the election was at 79.30%<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1989 TO THE 9th LOK SABHA|url=https://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/Links/Books/89_Vol_I.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> In the Lok Sabha, INC won plurality of seats, however [[Vishwanath Pratap Singh|V. P .Singh]] of [[Janata Dal|Janata Dal (JD)]] formed the government, albeit a short-lived one, with support from BJP and CPI(M).


== Alliances and parties ==
== Alliances and parties ==
<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Alliances Kerala 1989|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/alliance/partyWise/09/28|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Alliances Kerala 1989|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/alliance/partyWise/09/28}}</ref>


UDF is a Kerala legislative alliance aligned with the [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]] at the national level and the LDF comprises primarily of CPI(M) and the [[Communist Party of India|CPI]], forming the [[Third Front (India)|Left Front]] in the national level. [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)]] contested in 19 seats.
UDF is a Kerala legislative alliance formed by INC veteran [[K. Karunakaran]]. LDF comprises primarily of CPI(M) and the [[Communist Party of India|CPI]], forming the [[Third Front (India)|Left Front]] in the national level. [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)]] contested in 19 seats.


=== United Democratic Front ===
=== United Democratic Front ===
Line 62: Line 49:
! scope="col" style="width:80px;" |Election Symbol
! scope="col" style="width:80px;" |Election Symbol
! scope="col" style="width:60px;" |Seats Contested
! scope="col" style="width:60px;" |Seats Contested
!Seats
Won
|- style="height: 45px;"
|- style="height: 45px;"
| style="text-align:center; background:{{Indian National Congress/meta/color}};color:white" |'''1.'''
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};color:white" |'''1.'''
|Indian National Congress
|Indian National Congress
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Hand_INC.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hand_INC.svg|40x40px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |17
| style="text-align:center;" |17
| style="text-align:center;" |14
|- style="height: 45px;"
|- style="height: 45px;"
| style="text-align:center; background:{{Indian Union Muslim League/meta/color}};color:white" |'''2.'''
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}};color:white" |'''2.'''
|[[Indian Union Muslim League]]
|[[Indian Union Muslim League]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Lader.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Lader.png|47x47px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Lader.svg|47x47px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |2
| style="text-align:center;" |2
| style="text-align:center;" |2
|- style="height: 45px;"
|- style="height: 45px;"
| style="text-align:center; background:{{Kerala Congress (Mani)/meta/color}};color:white" |'''3.'''
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Kerala Congress (Mani)}};color:white" |'''3.'''
|[[Kerala Congress (M)]]
|[[Kerala Congress (M)]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Two_Leaves.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Two_Leaves.png|45x45px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Indian Election Symbol Two Leaves.svg|45x45px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |1
| style="text-align:center;" |1
| style="text-align:center;" |1
|}
|}
Line 90: Line 72:
! scope="col" style="width:80px;" |Election Symbol
! scope="col" style="width:80px;" |Election Symbol
! scope="col" style="width:60px;" |Seats Contested
! scope="col" style="width:60px;" |Seats Contested
!Seats
Won
|- style="height: 45px;"
|- style="height: 45px;"
| style="text-align:center; background:{{Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)/meta/color}};color:white" |'''1.'''
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)}};color:white" |'''1.'''
|Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|[[File:CPI(M) election symbol - Hammer Sickle and Star.svg|center|45x45px|Key]]
|[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Hammer_Sickle_and_Star.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Hammer_Sickle_and_Star.png|center|45x45px|Key]]
| style="text-align:center;" |10
| style="text-align:center;" |10
| style="text-align:center;" |2
|- style="height: 4px;"
|- style="height: 4px;"
| style="text-align:center; background:{{Communist_Party_of_India/meta/color}};color:white" |'''2.'''
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Communist_Party_of_India}};color:white" |'''2.'''
|Communist Party of India
|Communist Party of India
|[[File:CPI symbol.svg|center|45x45px|Star]]
|[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Ears_of_Corn_and_Sickle.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Ears_of_Corn_and_Sickle.png|center|45x45px|Star]]
| style="text-align:center;" |3
| style="text-align:center;" |3
| style="text-align:center;" |0
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:{Indian Congress (Socialist)/meta/color}};color:black" |'''3.'''
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Indian Congress (Socialist)}};color:black" |'''3.'''
|[[Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha|Indian Congress (Socialist) - Sarat Chandra Singha]]
|[[Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha|Indian Congress (Socialist) - Sarat Chandra Singha]]
|
|
| style="text-align:center;" |1
| style="text-align:center;" |1
| style="text-align:center;" |1
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}};color:black" |'''4.'''
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};color:black" |'''4.'''
|Independents
|Independents
|
|
| style="text-align:center;" |2
| style="text-align:center;" |3
| style="text-align:center;" |0
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:{{Janata Dal/meta/color}};color:white" |'''5.'''
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Janata Dal}};color:white" |'''5.'''
|[[Janata Dal]]
|[[Janata Dal]]
|
|
| style="text-align:center;" |2
| style="text-align:center;" |1
| style="text-align:center;" |0
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:{{Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)/meta/color}};color:white" |'''6.'''
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}};color:white" |'''6.'''
|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]
|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]
|
|
| style="text-align:center;" |1
| style="text-align:center;" |1
| style="text-align:center;" |0
|- style="height: 4px;"
|- style="height: 4px;"
| style="text-align:center; background:{{Kerala Congress/meta/color}};color:black" |'''7.'''
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Kerala Congress}};color:black" |'''7.'''
|[[Kerala Congress]]
|[[Kerala Congress]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:center;" |1
| style="text-align:center;" |1
| style="text-align:center;" |0
|}
|}


Line 142: Line 115:
! scope="col" style="width:80px;" |Election Symbol
! scope="col" style="width:80px;" |Election Symbol
! scope="col" style="width:60px;" |Seats Contested
! scope="col" style="width:60px;" |Seats Contested
!Seats
Won
|- style="height: 45px;"
|- style="height: 45px;"
| style="text-align:center; background:{{Bharatiya Janata Party/meta/color}}" |'''1.'''
| style="text-align:center; background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |'''1.'''
|Bharatiya Janata Party
|Bharatiya Janata Party
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:BJP_election_symbol.svg_-783x768.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BJP_election_symbol.svg_-783x768.png|40x40px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Lotos flower symbol.svg|40x40px]]
| style="text-align:center;" |19
| style="text-align:center;" |19
| style="text-align:center;" |0
|}
|}


== List of elected MPs ==
== List of elected MPs ==
<ref>{{Cite web|last=Roy Mathew|first=|date=|title=Indian Parliament Elections 1989: Kerala Winners|url=http://keralaassembly.org/lok/winners.php4?year=1989|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-09-15|website=keralaassembly.org}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|last=Roy Mathew|date=|title=Indian Parliament Elections 1989: Kerala Winners|url=http://keralaassembly.org/lok/winners.php4?year=1989|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040430125531/http://www.keralaassembly.org:80/lok/winners.php4?year=1989 |archive-date=2004-04-30 |access-date=2020-09-15|website=keralaassembly.org}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" border="2" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
!No.
!No.
!Constituency
!Constituency
Line 182: Line 152:
|5
|5
|[[Manjeri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Manjeri]]
|[[Manjeri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Manjeri]]
|[[E. Ahamed]]
|[[G.M. Banatwalia]]
|IUML
|IUML
|-
|-
Line 264: Line 234:


=== Performance of political parties ===
=== Performance of political parties ===
<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Party-wise performance for 1989 Kerala|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/party_list/28/09|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref>{{Pie chart|caption='''Vote Share by alliance'''|other=yes|value1=48.59|label1=[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|color1={{United Democratic Front (Kerala)/meta/color}}|value2=44.28|label2=[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|color2={{Left Democratic Front (Kerala)/meta/color}}|value3=4.61|label3=[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|color3={{Bharatiya Janata Party/meta/color}}}}
<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Party-wise performance for 1989 Kerala|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/party_list/28/09}}</ref>{{Pie chart|caption='''Vote Share by alliance'''|other=yes|value1=49.29|label1=[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]|color1={{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|value2=42.93|label2=[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]|color2={{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}|value3=4.51|label3=[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|color3={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
!No.
!No.
!Party
!Party
Line 272: Line 242:
!Votes
!Votes
!%Votes
!%Votes
!±pp
|-
|-
|1
|1
Line 277: Line 248:
|UDF
|UDF
|14
|14
|62,18,850
|6218850
|41.70%
|41.70%
|{{increase}}8.43
|-
|-
|2
|2
Line 284: Line 256:
|LDF
|LDF
|2
|2
|34,11,227
|3411227
|22.87%
|22.87%
|{{increase}}0.60
|-
|-
|3
|3
Line 291: Line 264:
|LDF
|LDF
|0
|0
|9,24,994
|924994
|6.20%
|6.20%
|{{decrease}}1.17
|-
|-
|4
|4
Line 298: Line 272:
|UDF
|UDF
|2
|2
|7,80,322
|780322
|5.23%
|5.23%
|{{decrease}}0.06
|-
|-
|5
|5
|Bharatiya Janata Party
|Bharatiya Janata Party
|NDA
|
|0
|0
|6,72,613
|672613
|4.51%
|4.51%
|{{increase}}2.76
|-
|-
|6
|6
Line 312: Line 288:
|LDF
|LDF
|1
|1
|3,70,434
|370434
|2.48%
|2.48%
|{{decrease}}1.90
|-
|-
|7
|7
Line 319: Line 296:
|LDF
|LDF
|0
|0
|3,59,393
|359393
|2.41%
|2.41%
|''new''
|-
|-
|8
|8
Line 326: Line 304:
|UDF
|UDF
|1
|1
|3,52,191
|352191
|2.36%
|2.36%
|''new''
|-
|-
|9
|9
Line 333: Line 312:
|LDF
|LDF
|0
|0
|2,77,682
|277682
|1.86%
|1.86%
|''new''
|-
|-
|10
|10
Line 340: Line 320:
|LDF
|LDF
|0
|0
|68,811
|68811
|0.46%
|0.46%
|{{decrease}}1.91
|-
|-
|11
|11
Line 347: Line 328:
|''none''
|''none''
|0
|0
|38,492
|38492
|0.26%
|0.26%
|{{increase}}1.87
|-
|-
|12
|12
Line 354: Line 336:
|''none''
|''none''
|0
|0
|17,762
|17762
|0.12%
|0.12%
|''new''
|-
|-
|13
|13
Line 361: Line 344:
|''none''
|''none''
|0
|0
|3,059
|3059
|0.02%
|0.02%
|''new''
|-
|-
|14
|14
|Socialist Unity Centre of India
|[[Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|Socialist Unity Centre of India]]
|''none''
|''none''
|0
|0
|2,151
|2151
|0.01%
|0.01%
|''new''
|-
|-
| colspan="3" |''Independents''
| colspan="3" |''Independents''
|0
|0
|14,14,560
|1414560
|9.49%
|9.49%
|{{increase}}2.40
|}
|}


=== By constituency ===
=== By constituency ===
<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Kerala 1989|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/info?state=28&eid=09|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref>
<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PC: Kerala 1989|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/info?state=28&eid=09}}{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
!No.
!No.
!Constituency
!Constituency
Line 390: Line 376:
!%
!%
!Party
!Party
!NDA / Other candidate
!BJP / Other candidate
!Votes
!Votes
!%
!%
Line 399: Line 385:
|'''1'''
|'''1'''
|'''Kasaragod'''
|'''Kasaragod'''
|I. Rama Rai
|[[I. Rama Rai]]
|3,57,177
|3,57,177
|44.5%
|44.5%
Line 411: Line 397:
|8.6%
|8.6%
|BJP
|BJP
! style="background:{{Left Democratic Front (Kerala)/meta/color}}" |LDF
! style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |LDF
|1,546
|''1,546''
|-
|-
|'''2'''
|'''2'''
Line 420: Line 406:
|50.1%
|50.1%
|INC
|INC
|P.Sasi
|P. Sasi
|3,48,638
|3,48,638
|44.6%
|44.6%
Line 428: Line 414:
|4.0%
|4.0%
|BJP
|BJP
! style="background:{{United Democratic Front (Kerala)/meta/color}}" |UDF
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|42,404
|''42,404''
|-
|-
|'''3'''
|'''3'''
Line 445: Line 431:
|5.7%
|5.7%
|BJP
|BJP
! style="background:{{Left Democratic Front (Kerala)/meta/color}}" |LDF
! style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |LDF
|8,209
|''8,209''
|-
|-
|'''4'''
|'''4'''
Line 462: Line 448:
|6.3%
|6.3%
|BJP
|BJP
! style="background:{{United Democratic Front (Kerala)/meta/color}}" |UDF
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|28,957
|''28,957''
|-
|-
|'''5'''
|'''5'''
Line 479: Line 465:
|7.0%
|7.0%
|BJP
|BJP
! style="background:{{United Democratic Front (Kerala)/meta/color}}" |UDF
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|70,282
|''70,282''
|-
|-
|'''6'''
|'''6'''
|'''Ponnani'''
|'''Ponnani'''
| style="background:lightgreen;" |G. M. Banat Walia
| style="background:lightgreen;" |G. M. Banatwalia
|3,78,347
|3,78,347
|53.2%
|53.2%
Line 496: Line 482:
|6.9%
|6.9%
|BJP
|BJP
! style="background:{{United Democratic Front (Kerala)/meta/color}}" |UDF
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|1,07,519
|''1,07,519''
|-
|-
|'''7'''
|'''7'''
|'''Palakkad'''
|'''Palakkad'''
| style="background:lightgreen;" |V. S. Vijayaraghavan
|V. S. Vijayaraghavan
|3,47,115
|3,47,115
|46.8%
|46.8%
|INC
|INC
|A. Vijayaraghavan
| style="background:lightgreen;" |A. Vijayaraghavan
|3,48,401
|3,48,401
|47.0%
|47.0%
Line 513: Line 499:
|3.7%
|3.7%
|BJP
|BJP
! style="background:{{United Democratic Front (Kerala)/meta/color}}" |UDF
! style="background:{{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |LDF
|1,286
|''1,286''
|-
|-
|'''8'''
|'''8'''
Line 522: Line 508:
|48.5%
|48.5%
|INC
|INC
|Lenin Rajendran
|[[Lenin Rajendran]]
|3,24,496
|3,24,496
|44.9%
|44.9%
Line 530: Line 516:
|4.5%
|4.5%
|BJP
|BJP
! style="background:{{United Democratic Front (Kerala)/meta/color}}" |UDF
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|26,187
|''26,187''
|-
|-
|'''9'''
|'''9'''
Line 539: Line 525:
|47.0%
|47.0%
|INC
|INC
|Meenakshy Thampan
|[[Meenakshi Thampan]]
|3,32,036
|3,32,036
|46.2%
|46.2%
|CPI
|CPI
|K. V. Sreedharan
|K. V. Sreedharan
|38,205
|38,205
|5.3%
|5.3%
|BJP
|BJP
! style="background:{{United Democratic Front (Kerala)/meta/color}}" |UDF
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|6,235
|''6,235''
|-
|-
|'''10'''
|'''10'''
Line 556: Line 542:
|48.5%
|48.5%
|INC
|INC
|C. O. Poulose
|C. O. Poulose
|3,49,177
|3,49,177
|46.0%
|46.0%
|CPI(M)
|CPI(M)
|K. K. Gangadharan
|K. K. Gangadharan
|28,781
|28,781
|3.8%
|3.8%
|BJP
|BJP
! style="background:{{United Democratic Front (Kerala)/meta/color}}" |UDF
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|18,754
|''18,754''
|-
|-
|'''11'''
|'''11'''
Line 581: Line 567:
|3.8%
|3.8%
|BJP
|BJP
! style="background:{{United Democratic Front (Kerala)/meta/color}}" |UDF
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|36,465
|''36,465''
|-
|-
|'''12'''
|'''12'''
Line 590: Line 576:
|48.1%
|48.1%
|KC(M)
|KC(M)
|P. J. Joseph
|[[P. J. Joseph]]
|68,811
|68,811
|9.4%
|9.4%
Line 598: Line 584:
|38.7%
|38.7%
|IND
|IND
! style="background:{{United Democratic Front (Kerala)/meta/color}}" |UDF
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|68,811
|''68,811''
|-
|-
|'''13'''
|'''13'''
Line 607: Line 593:
|51.1%
|51.1%
|INC
|INC
|K. Suresh Kurup
|[[K. Suresh Kurup]]
|3,31,276
|3,31,276
|44.0%
|44.0%
Line 615: Line 601:
|2.5%
|2.5%
|BJP
|BJP
! style="background:{{United Democratic Front (Kerala)/meta/color}}" |UDF
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|53,533
|''53,533''
|-
|-
|'''14'''
|'''14'''
Line 624: Line 610:
|53.4%
|53.4%
|INC
|INC
|M. C. Josephine
|[[M. C. Josephine]]
|3,07,037
|3,07,037
|41.1%
|41.1%
Line 632: Line 618:
|3.4%
|3.4%
|BJP
|BJP
! style="background:{{United Democratic Front (Kerala)/meta/color}}" |UDF
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|91,479
|''91,479''
|-
|-
|'''15'''
|'''15'''
|'''Alappuzha'''
|'''Alappuzha'''
|Vakkom Purushotham
| style="background:lightgreen;" |Vakkom Purushotham
|3,75,763
|3,75,763
|50.0%
|50.0%
|INC
|INC
| style="background:lightgreen;" |K. V. Devadas
|K. V. Devadas
|3,50,640
|3,50,640
|46.7%
|46.7%
Line 649: Line 635:
|2.0%
|2.0%
|BJP
|BJP
! style="background:{{Left Democratic Front (Kerala)/meta/color}}" |LDF
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|25,123
|''25,123''
|-
|-
|'''16'''
|'''16'''
Line 658: Line 644:
|50.9%
|50.9%
|INC
|INC
|Thampan Thomas
|[[Thampan Thomas]]
|2,77,682
|2,77,682
|42.2%
|42.2%
Line 666: Line 652:
|4.6%
|4.6%
|BJP
|BJP
! style="background:{{United Democratic Front (Kerala)/meta/color}}" |UDF
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|57,182
|''57,182''
|-
|-
|'''17'''
|'''17'''
Line 683: Line 669:
|2.5%
|2.5%
|BJP
|BJP
! style="background:{{United Democratic Front (Kerala)/meta/color}}" |UDF
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|21,542
|''21,542''
|-
|-
|'''18'''
|'''18'''
Line 692: Line 678:
|49.9%
|49.9%
|INC
|INC
|Bagu Divakaran
|[[Babu Divakaran]]
|3,59,393
|3,59,393
|46.4%
|46.4%
Line 700: Line 686:
|2.1%
|2.1%
|IND
|IND
! style="background:{{United Democratic Front (Kerala)/meta/color}}" |UDF
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|27,462
|''27,462''
|-
|-
|'''19'''
|'''19'''
|'''Chirayinkil'''
|'''Chirayinkil'''
|Thalekunnil Basheer
| style="background:lightgreen;" |Thalekunnil Basheer
|3,49,068
|3,49,068
|47.8%
|47.8%
|INC
|INC
| style="background:lightgreen;" |Susheela Gopalan
|[[Susheela Gopalan]]
|3,43,938
|3,43,938
|47.1%
|47.1%
Line 717: Line 703:
|3.2%
|3.2%
|BJP
|BJP
! style="background:{{Left Democratic Front (Kerala)/meta/color}}" |LDF
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|5,130
|''5,130''
|-
|-
|'''20'''
|'''20'''
Line 734: Line 720:
|7.4%
|7.4%
|BJP
|BJP
! style="background:{{United Democratic Front (Kerala)/meta/color}}" |UDF
! style="background:{{party color|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}}" |UDF
|50,913
|''50,913''
|}
|}


== See also ==
== See also ==

* [[Elections in Kerala]]
* [[Elections in Kerala]]
* [[Politics of Kerala]]
* [[Politics of Kerala]]
Line 745: Line 730:
== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}{{Kerala elections}}
{{reflist}}{{Kerala elections}}
[[Category:1989 Indian general election by state or union territory]]
[[Category:1989 Indian general election|K]]
[[Category:Indian general elections in Kerala]]

Latest revision as of 16:18, 2 December 2024

1989 Indian general election
← 1984 November 1989 1991 →
20 seats
  First party Second party
 
K. Karunakaran, Indian politician.jpg
E.K.Nayanar 1.jpg
Leader K. Karunakaran E. K. Nayanar
Party INC CPI(M)
Alliance UDF LDF
Leader's seat - -
Last election 18 2
Seats won 17 3
Seat change Decrease 1 Increase 1
Percentage 49.29% 42.93%

The 1989 Indian general election were held to elect 20 members to the ninth Lok Sabha from Kerala.[1] Indian National Congress (INC)-led United Democratic Front (UDF) won 17 seats while Left Democratic Front (LDF), led by Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)) won the remaining 3 seats.[2] Turnout for the election was at 79.30%[3] In the Lok Sabha, INC won plurality of seats, however Janata Dal (JD), led by V. P. Singh formed the government, albeit a short-lived one, with support from BJP and CPI(M).

Alliances and parties

[edit]

[4]

UDF is a Kerala legislative alliance formed by INC veteran K. Karunakaran. LDF comprises primarily of CPI(M) and the CPI, forming the Left Front in the national level. Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) contested in 19 seats.

United Democratic Front

[edit]
No. Party Election Symbol Seats Contested
1. Indian National Congress 17
2. Indian Union Muslim League 2
3. Kerala Congress (M) 1

Left Democratic Front

[edit]
No. Party Election Symbol Seats Contested
1. Communist Party of India (Marxist)
Key
Key
 10
2. Communist Party of India
Star
Star
 3
3. Indian Congress (Socialist) - Sarat Chandra Singha 1
4. Independents 3
5. Janata Dal 1
6. Revolutionary Socialist Party 1
7. Kerala Congress 1

Bharatiya Janata Party

[edit]
No. Party Election Symbol Seats Contested
1. Bharatiya Janata Party 19

List of elected MPs

[edit]

[5]

No. Constituency Name of Elected M.P. Party Affiliation
1 Kasaragod Ramanna Rai CPI(M)
2 Kannur Mullappally Ramachandran INC
3 Vatakara K. P. Unnikrishnan ICS(SCS)
4 Kozhikode K. Muraleedharan INC
5 Manjeri G.M. Banatwalia IUML
6 Ponnani Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait IUML
7 Palakkad A. Vijayaraghavan CPI(M)
8 Ottapalam K. R. Narayanan INC
9 Thrissur P. A. Antony INC
10 Mukundapuram Savitri Lakshmanan INC
11 Ernakulam K. V. Thomas INC
12 Muvattupuzha P. C. Thomas KC(M)
13 Kottayam Ramesh Chennithala INC
14 Idukki K. M. Mathew INC
15 Alappuzha Vakkom Purushothaman INC
16 Mavelikkara P. J. Kurien INC
17 Adoor Kodikunnil Suresh INC
18 Kollam S. Krishna Kumar INC
19 Chirayankil Thalekunnil Basheer INC
20 Thiruvananthapuram A. Charles INC

Results

[edit]

Performance of political parties

[edit]

[6]

Vote Share by alliance

  UDF (49.29%)
  LDF (42.93%)
  BJP (4.51%)
  Other (3.27%)
No. Party Political Front Seats Votes %Votes ±pp
1 Indian National Congress UDF 14 62,18,850 41.70% Increase8.43
2 Communist Party of India (Marxist) LDF 2 34,11,227 22.87% Increase0.60
3 Communist Party of India LDF 0 9,24,994 6.20% Decrease1.17
4 Indian Union Muslim League UDF 2 7,80,322 5.23% Decrease0.06
5 Bharatiya Janata Party 0 6,72,613 4.51% Increase2.76
6 Indian Congress (Socialist) - Sarat Chandra Singha LDF 1 3,70,434 2.48% Decrease1.90
7 Revolutionary Socialist Party LDF 0 3,59,393 2.41% new
8 Kerala Congress (M) UDF 1 3,52,191 2.36% new
9 Janata Dal LDF 0 2,77,682 1.86% new
10 Kerala Congress LDF 0 68,811 0.46% Decrease1.91
11 Janata Party none 0 38,492 0.26% Increase1.87
12 Bahujan Samaj Party none 0 17,762 0.12% new
13 Deseeya Karshaka Party none 0 3,059 0.02% new
14 Socialist Unity Centre of India none 0 2,151 0.01% new
Independents 0 14,14,560 9.49% Increase2.40

By constituency

[edit]

[7]

No. Constituency UDF candidate Votes % Party LDF candidate Votes % Party BJP / Other candidate Votes % Party Winning alliance Margin
1 Kasaragod I. Rama Rai 3,57,177 44.5% INC M. Rammana Rai 3,58,723 44.7% CPI(M) C. K. Padmanabhan 69,419 8.6% BJP LDF 1,546
2 Kannur Mullappally Ramachandran 3,91,042 50.1% INC P. Sasi 3,48,638 44.6% CPI(M) Palliyara Raman 31,266 4.0% BJP UDF 42,404
3 Vatakara A. Sujanapal 3,62,225 45.5% INC K. P. Unnikrishnan 3,70,434 46.5% ICS(SCS) P. K. Krishnadas 45,558 5.7% BJP LDF 8,209
4 Kozhikode K. Muraleedharan 3,77,858 47.9% INC E. K. Imbichibava 3,48,901 44.3% CPI(M) P. S. Sreedharan Pillai 49,696 6.3% BJP UDF 28,957
5 Manjeri Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait 4,01,975 49.6% IUML K. V. Salahuddin 3,31,693 40.9% IND Ahalya Sankar 51,634 7.0% BJP UDF 70,282
6 Ponnani G. M. Banatwalia 3,78,347 53.2% IUML M. Rahmathulia 2,70,828 38.1% CPI K. Janachandran 48,892 6.9% BJP UDF 1,07,519
7 Palakkad V. S. Vijayaraghavan 3,47,115 46.8% INC A. Vijayaraghavan 3,48,401 47.0% CPI(M) T. Chandrasekharan 27,220 3.7% BJP LDF 1,286
8 Ottapalam K. R. Narayanan 3,50,683 48.5% INC Lenin Rajendran 3,24,496 44.9% CPI(M) Lakshmanan 32,892 4.5% BJP UDF 26,187
9 Thrissur P. A. Antony 3,38,271 47.0% INC Meenakshi Thampan 3,32,036 46.2% CPI K. V. Sreedharan 38,205 5.3% BJP UDF 6,235
10 Mukundapuram Savithri Lakshmanan 3,67,931 48.5% INC C. O. Poulose 3,49,177 46.0% CPI(M) K. K. Gangadharan 28,781 3.8% BJP UDF 18,754
11 Ernakulam K. V. Thomas 3,85,176 49.6% INC P. Subramnoian Poti 3,48,711 44.9% IND A. N. Radhakrishnan 29,162 3.8% BJP UDF 36,465
12 Muvattupuzha P. C. Thomas 3,52,191 48.1% KC(M) P. J. Joseph 68,811 9.4% KEC C. Poulose 2,83,380 38.7% IND UDF 68,811
13 Kottayam Ramesh Chennithala 3,84,809 51.1% INC K. Suresh Kurup 3,31,276 44.0% CPI(M) Ettumanoor Radhakrishnan 18,449 2.5% BJP UDF 53,533
14 Idukki K. M. Mathew 3,98,516 53.4% INC M. C. Josephine 3,07,037 41.1% CPI(M) M. N. Jayachandran 25,354 3.4% BJP UDF 91,479
15 Alappuzha Vakkom Purushotham 3,75,763 50.0% INC K. V. Devadas 3,50,640 46.7% CPI(M) K. D. Ramakrishnan 15,127 2.0% BJP UDF 25,123
16 Mavelikkara P. J. Kurian 3,34,864 50.9% INC Thampan Thomas 2,77,682 42.2% JD Prathapachandra Verma 30,229 4.6% BJP UDF 57,182
17 Adoor Kodikunnil Suresh 3,43,672 49.6% INC N. Rajan 3,22,130 46.5% CPI E. K. Sasidharan 17,123 2.5% BJP UDF 21,542
18 Kollam S. Krishnakumar 3,86,855 49.9% INC Babu Divakaran 3,59,393 46.4% RSP P. K. S. Rajeev 16,202 2.1% IND UDF 27,462
19 Chirayinkil Thalekunnil Basheer 3,49,068 47.8% INC Susheela Gopalan 3,43,938 47.1% CPI(M) V. N. Gopalakrishnan Nair 23,049 3.2% BJP UDF 5,130
20 Trivandrum A. Charles 3,67,825 48.6% INC O. N. V. Kurup 3,16,912 41.9% IND P. Asok Kumar 56,046 7.4% BJP UDF 50,913

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "General Election, 1989". Archived from the original on 2019-05-15.
  2. ^ "PC: Kerala 1989".[permanent dead link‍]
  3. ^ "STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1989 TO THE 9th LOK SABHA" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-04-13.
  4. ^ "PC: Alliances Kerala 1989".
  5. ^ Roy Mathew. "Indian Parliament Elections 1989: Kerala Winners". keralaassembly.org. Archived from the original on 2004-04-30. Retrieved 2020-09-15.
  6. ^ "PC: Party-wise performance for 1989 Kerala".
  7. ^ "PC: Kerala 1989".[permanent dead link‍]
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