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{{Short description|French television channel}}
{{Short description|French free-to-air television channel}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2018}}
{{Expand French|date=December 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox television channel
{{Infobox television channel
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| defunct =
| defunct =
| country = France
| country = France
| area = [[France]]<br>Sub-Saharan Africa (as Gulli Africa)
| area = [[France]]<br>Belgium<br>Switzerland
| owner = [[Groupe M6]]
| owner = [[M6 Group]] (since 2 September 2019) ([[Lagardère Active]] from 18 November 2005 to 2 September 2019; [[France Télévisions]] from 18 November 2005 to 29 October 2014)
| website = {{url|gulli.fr}}<br />{{url|6play.fr/gulli}}<br />{{url|replay.gulli.fr}}<br />{{url|svod.gulli.fr}}<br>{{url|gulli.ru}} ([[Russia|Russian]])<br>{{url|gulli.com.br}} ([[Portuguese (language)|Portuguese]], schedule only)
| website = {{url|gulli.fr}} (Website in [[French language|French]])<br>{{url|gulli.com.br}} (Website in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]])<br>{{url|gulli.ru}} (Website in [[Russian language|Russian]])<br>{{url|m6.fr/gulli}} ([[M6+]] website)<br>{{url|replay.gulli.fr}} (Gulli Replay website)<br>{{url|svod.gulli.fr}} (On Demand website)
| terr_serv_1 = [[Digital terrestrial television|TNT]]
| terr_serv_1 = [[Digital terrestrial television|TNT]]
| terr_chan_1 = Channel 18
| terr_chan_1 = Channel 18
| sister_channels = [[M6 (TV channel)|M6]]<br />[[W9 (TV channel)|W9]]<br />[[6ter]]<br />[[Paris Première]]<br />[[Téva]]<br />[[TiJi]]<br />[[Canal J]]<br />[[M6 Music]]<br />[[Série Club]]
| sister_channels = [[M6 (TV channel)|M6]]<br />[[W9 (TV channel)|W9]]<br />[[6ter]]<br />[[Paris Première]]<br />[[Téva]]<br />[[TiJi]]<br />[[Canal J]]<br />[[MCM (TV channel)|MCM]]<br />[[MCM Top]]<br />[[M6 Music]]<br />[[Série Club]]
| picture_format = [[1080i]] [[HDTV]]
| picture_format = [[1080i]] [[HDTV]]
| headquarters = 89, avenue Charles de Gaulle
| headquarters = 89, avenue Charles de Gaulle
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}}
}}


'''Gulli''' ({{IPA-fr|ɡyli|pron}}; stylised as '''gulli''') is a French [[free-to-air]] [[television channel]] focused on kids' programming for those aged 3 to 14. It was created as a result of a partnership between [[Lagardère Active]] and state-owned broadcaster [[France Télévisions]]. In 2019, the [[Groupe M6|M6 Group]] bought Gulli as well as the television division of the Lagardère Active Group.
'''Gulli''' ({{IPA|fr|ɡyli|pron}}; stylised as '''gulli''') is a French [[free-to-air]] [[television channel]] focused on kids' programming for those aged 3 to 14. It was created as a result of a partnership between [[Lagardère Active]] and state-owned broadcaster [[France Télévisions]]. In 2019, [[Groupe M6]] bought Gulli as well as the television division of Lagardère Active.


==History==
==History==
The channel was launched on 18 November 2005 on the [[digital terrestrial television in France|digital terrestrial television]] platform in France.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2005-10-18|title=BFM TV et Gulli font leur entrée sur Freebox|url=https://www.universfreebox.com/article/575/BFM-TV-et-Gulli-font-leur-entree-sur-Freebox|access-date=2020-12-12|website=Univers Freebox|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Ten years later, on 1 July 2015, Gulli launched its own HD simulcast feed on the [[Astra 1]] satellite.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2015-08-01|title=TNT SAT prend de l'avance sur la HD !|url=http://www.onastra.fr/21321439/01-07-2015-TNTSAT-HD|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924215730/http://www.onastra.fr/21321439/01-07-2015-TNTSAT-HD|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2020-12-12|website=Univers Freebox|language=fr-FR}}</ref> On 5 April 2016, its HD feed was launched on [[Digital terrestrial television|DTT]].
The channel was launched on 18 November 2005 on the [[digital terrestrial television in France|digital terrestrial television]] platform in France.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2005-10-18|title=BFM TV et Gulli font leur entrée sur Freebox|url=https://www.universfreebox.com/article/575/BFM-TV-et-Gulli-font-leur-entree-sur-Freebox|access-date=2020-12-12|website=Univers Freebox|language=fr-FR}}</ref> On 1 July 2015, Gulli launched its own HD simulcast feed on the [[Astra 1]] satellite as part of [[Canalsat]]'s complete transition to HD.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2015-08-01|title=TNT SAT prend de l'avance sur la HD !|url=http://www.onastra.fr/21321439/01-07-2015-TNTSAT-HD|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924215730/http://www.onastra.fr/21321439/01-07-2015-TNTSAT-HD|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2020-12-12|website=Univers Freebox|language=fr-FR}}</ref> On 5 April 2016, its HD feed was launched on [[Digital terrestrial television|DTT]].


Gulli was created as a result of a partnership between a kids-television pioneer [[Lagardère Active]] and the state-owned [[France Télévisions]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|last=Kerviel|first=Sylvie|date=2006-09-15|title=La concurrence s'intensifie entre les nombreuses chaînes jeunesse|language=fr|work=Le Monde.fr|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/actualite-medias/article/2006/09/15/la-concurrence-s-intensifie-entre-les-nombreuses-chaines-jeunesse_813393_3236.html|access-date=2020-12-12}}</ref> The former is known due to its children's network, [[Canal J]], while the latter has a long history investing in kids programming through its youth-oriented division on [[France 3]]. On 23 December 2013, a deal was reached between Lagardère and France Télévisions to purchase the latter's shares in Gulli. The deal was finalised on 29 October 2014 with the transfer of 34% of France Télévisions's shares to Lagardère for €25&nbsp;million.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Lagardère finalise (enfin) le rachat de Gulli|url=https://www.bfmtv.com/economie/entreprises/culture-loisirs/lagardere-finalise-enfin-le-rachat-de-gulli_AN-201410290221.html|access-date=2020-12-12|website=BFM BUSINESS|language=fr}}</ref>
Gulli was created as a result of a partnership between a kids-television pioneer [[Lagardère Active]] and the state-owned [[France Télévisions]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|last=Kerviel|first=Sylvie|date=2006-09-15|title=La concurrence s'intensifie entre les nombreuses chaînes jeunesse|language=fr|work=Le Monde.fr|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/actualite-medias/article/2006/09/15/la-concurrence-s-intensifie-entre-les-nombreuses-chaines-jeunesse_813393_3236.html|access-date=2020-12-12}}</ref> The former is known due to its children's network, [[Canal J]], while the latter has a long history investing in kids programming through its youth-oriented division on [[France 3]].


In 2011, the first Gulli indoor [[playground]] opened. Developped since 2009 and operated by ''La Boîte aux Enfants'', there is 15 Gulli Parcs opened in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gulli Parc ouvre ses 14ème et 15ème parcs en France en octobre 2024 à Vendeville et Lomme ! |url=https://laboiteauxenfants.fr/blog/gulli-parc-ouvre-ses-14eme-et-15eme-parcs-en-france-en-octobre-2024-a-vendeville-et-lomme/ |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=La Boîte aux Enfants |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Qui sommes-nous |url=https://www.gulli-parc.com/qui-sommes-nous/ |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=Gulli Parc |language=fr-FR}}</ref>
⚫
The network has been launched in [[Russia]], [[Africa]], the [[MENA]] region, and [[Brazil]], broadcasting in Russian, French, Arabic and [[Brazilian Portuguese]]. The brand itself was sold alongside the rest of the Lagadère channels to [[Groupe M6]] in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=M6 rachète le pôle TV de Lagardère pour 215 millions d'euros|url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-eco/m6-rachete-le-pole-tv-de-lagardere-pour-215-millions-d-euros-20190524|access-date=2020-12-12|website=LEFIGARO|date=24 May 2019 |language=fr}}</ref> The Russian feed utilizes the name "Gulli Girl" and broadcasts series aimed at a young female audience.
On 23 December 2013, a deal was reached between Lagardère and [[France Télévisions]] to purchase the latter's shares in Gulli.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montarou |first=Maël |date=2013-12-22 |title=France Télévisions va céder Gulli à Lagardère |url=https://www.programme.tv/news/actu/83666-gulli-france-televisions-et-lagardere-trouvent-un-accord/ |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=Télé 2 semaines |language=fr}}</ref> Until then, the two groups were bound by a shareholders' agreement with a non-competition clause, which made it impossible for France Télévisions to create a public youth channel, as the [[Ministry of Culture (France)|Minister of Culture]] [[Aurélie Filippetti]] had hoped.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-01 |title=Gulli vendue, France 4 mue |url=https://www.sudouest.fr/culture/programmes-tv/gulli-vendue-france-4-mue-8596750.php |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=SudOuest.fr |language=fr-FR}}</ref> By exiting Gulli, France Télévisions was able to create its own children's channel on [[France 4]]. As part of the negotiations for the purchase of the public service's 34% stake in Gulli, the total volume of advertising was capped in the children's programming slots on France 4 during 3 years so as not to compete in advertising with Gulli. The deal was finalised on 29 October 2014 with the transfer of 34% of France Télévisions's shares to Lagardère for €25&nbsp;million.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Lagardère finalise (enfin) le rachat de Gulli|url=https://www.bfmtv.com/economie/entreprises/culture-loisirs/lagardere-finalise-enfin-le-rachat-de-gulli_AN-201410290221.html|access-date=2020-12-12|website=BFM BUSINESS|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-02-15 |title=France Télévisions va céder Gulli pour 25 millions d'euros |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/medias/2014/02/15/20004-20140215ARTFIG00011-france-televisions-va-ceder-gulli-pour-25millions-d-euros.php |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=Le Figaro |language=fr}}</ref>

In June 2014, its SVOD service Gulli Max was launched.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2015 |title=Gulli : nouvelle version de l'application de SVOD jeunesse GulliMax |url=https://www.satellifacts.com/fr/tour/news/223874/gulli-nouvelle-version-application-svod-jeunesse-gullimax.html |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=Satellifacts}}</ref>

In 2019, Lagardère Active sold its television division to [[Groupe M6]] in a €215 million deal, effective from 2 September.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-24 |title=M6 rachète le pôle TV de Lagardère pour 215 millions d'euros |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-eco/m6-rachete-le-pole-tv-de-lagardere-pour-215-millions-d-euros-20190524 |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=Le Figaro |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-18 |title=Le CSA autorise le rachat de la chaîne Gulli par le groupe M6 |url=https://m6pub.fr/le-csa-autorise-le-rachat-de-la-chaine-gulli-par-le-groupe-m6/ |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=M6 Publicité |language=fr-FR}}</ref>

On 3 January 2022, the new time-slot brand Gulli Prime was launched for evenings, targeting all family with a focus on adults. It was a move to revitalize Gulli despite its declining audience due to the lowering consumption of linear TV among childrens, to consolidate its value as the channel was considered to be sold as part of the planned merger of [[Groupe M6]] with [[TF1 Group|Groupe TF1]] initiated in September 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomassin |first=Geoffrey |date=2021-09-15 |title=Fusion TF1/M6 : Gulli, 6Ter, TFX et TF1 Séries Films pourraient être revendues |url=https://alloforfait.fr/tv/news/84683-fusion-tf1-m6-gulli-6ter-tfx-tf1-series-films-revendues.html |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=alloforfait.fr |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Natacha |date=2022-01-27 |title=Fusion TF1-M6 : Gulli se transforme pour mieux se vendre |url=https://alloforfait.fr/tv/news/93919-fusion-tf1-m6-gulli-transforme-mieux-se-vendre.html |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=alloforfait.fr |language=fr-FR}}</ref> As Gulli is the only consistently profitable digital channel, M6 was hoping to sell it at a good price along with [[Tiji]] and [[Canal J]]. In February, it was decided not to sell Gulli but [[6ter]] (along with [[TFX (TV channel)|TFX]]),<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2022 |title=TF1 et M6 veulent garder la chaîne enfants Gulli mais céderont 6Ter et TFX à Altice |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/tech-medias/medias/tf1-et-m6-veulent-garder-la-chaine-enfants-gulli-mais-cederont-6ter-et-tfx-a-altice-1390256 |website=Les Echos}}</ref> and the sale was even signed in April to [[Altice Média]] in the event of the merger being completed,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-10 |title=TF1, M6 et Altice s'accordent sur les cessions de TFX et 6ter |url=https://www.cbnews.fr/medias/image-tf1-m6-altice-s-accordent-cessions-tfx-6ter-68470 |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=CB News |language=fr}}</ref> which was cancelled in September due to the concessions demanded by the Competition Authority, in particular the sale of the [[TF1]] or [[M6 (TV channel)|M6]] channel.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 September 2022 |title=Abandon de la fusion TF1-M6 : le patron de l'Autorité de la concurrence s'explique |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/tech-medias/medias/abandon-de-la-fusion-tf1-m6-le-patron-de-lautorite-de-la-concurrence-sexplique-1788696 |website=Les Echos}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-09-16 |title=TF1 et M6 abandonnent leur projet de fusion |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/actualite-medias/article/2022/09/16/tf1-et-m6-abandonnent-leur-projet-de-fusion_6141970_3236.html |access-date=2024-11-17 |language=fr}}</ref> [[Bertelsmann]] then considered selling Groupe M6 for a few weeks but the timing was too tight before M6's frequency renewal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 September 2022 |title=Quel avenir pour TF1 et M6 après la fusion avortée? |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/tech-medias/medias/quel-avenir-pour-tf1-et-m6-apres-la-fusion-avortee-1852568 |website=Les Echos}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Alcaraz |first=Marina |date=4 October 2022 |title=Vente avortée de M6 : retour sur un feuilleton épique en 7 épisodes |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/tech-medias/medias/vente-de-m6-avortee-retour-sur-un-feuilleton-epique-en-7-episodes-1865759 |website=Les Echos}}</ref>

⚫
The network has been exported in dedicated versions for [[Russia]], [[Africa]], the [[MENA]] region, and [[Brazil]], broadcasting in Russian, French, Arabic and [[Brazilian Portuguese]]. The brand itself was sold alongside the rest of the Lagadère channels to [[Groupe M6]] in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=M6 rachète le pôle TV de Lagardère pour 215 millions d'euros|url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-eco/m6-rachete-le-pole-tv-de-lagardere-pour-215-millions-d-euros-20190524|access-date=2020-12-12|website=LEFIGARO|date=24 May 2019 |language=fr}}</ref> The Russian feed utilizes the name "Gulli Girl" and broadcasts series aimed at a young female audience.


The channel was launched in Brazil on 9 August 2020, on the newly established satellite TV provider BluTV, being the first expansion of the channel to the Americas.
The channel was launched in Brazil on 9 August 2020, on the newly established satellite TV provider BluTV, being the first expansion of the channel to the Americas.
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At the French media regulator [[Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel|CSA]]'s hearings for the new DTT channels, the channel was presented under the name of ''Gulliver'', named after [[Jonathan Swift]]'s character from ''[[Gulliver's Travels]]'', before being renamed and shortened to ''Gulli''.
At the French media regulator [[Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel|CSA]]'s hearings for the new DTT channels, the channel was presented under the name of ''Gulliver'', named after [[Jonathan Swift]]'s character from ''[[Gulliver's Travels]]'', before being renamed and shortened to ''Gulli''.


The first design of the channel as well as the logo were designed by the Dream On agency.<ref name=":1" />
Gulli launched on 18 November 2005, with their first branding and logo designed by Dream On.<ref name=":1" />


On 8 April 2010, ''Gulli'' decided to use a new on-the-air branding designed by Gédéon. On the same occasion, the channel started modernising its logo, which has become darker, giving it volume and changing to 16/9 but somewhat dynamically, in the 4:3 and 16:9 aspect ratios.
On 8 April 2010, Gulli decided to use a new on-the-air branding designed by Gédéon. The same day, the logo has changed, becoming darker and 3D. They also switched to widescreen in a somewhat dynamic way, with both the 4:3 and 16:9 aspect ratios.


A new branding, again designed by Gédéon, came in September 2013.
In September 2013, Gulli introduced a new branding, again designed by Gédéon.


On 28 August 2017, ''Gulli'' changed its branding. This branding was made by 17MARS. This new branding received very positive reviews and gave a lot of colour to the channel.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />
On 28 August 2017, Gulli changed its branding again and introduced a new logo. This time, their branding was designed by 17MARS. The 2017 branding received very positive reviews and gave a lot of color to the channel.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />


On 4 September 2023, Gulli changes its branding once again and introduced a new logo. This new branding was designed by Gédéon, who also did the 2010 and 2013 brandings.
Following the announcement of Gulli Prime, a temporary logo is presented. Finally, this logo is then shown in another form on 14 December 2021.

On 28 August 2023, the channel announced that it would adopt a new logo as well as a new on-air design for 4 September both designed by the Gédéon agency.<ref name=":0" />


===Logos===
===Logos===
<gallery widths=180>
<gallery widths="180">
File:Gulli arrive sur la TNT.PNG|Announcement of Gulli on 18 November 2005.
File:Gulli arrive sur la TNT.PNG|Announcement of Gulli on 18 November 2005.
File:Gulli-2005logo.png|Old logo used from 18h on 18 November 2005 until 8 April 2010.
File:Gulli-2005logo.png|Original logo used from 18 November 2005 to 8 April 2010.
File:Gulli Logo.png|Old logo from 00h30 on 8 April 2010 until 28 August 2017.
File:Gulli Logo.png|Second logo from 8 April 2010 to 28 August 2017.
File:Gulli 2017 nouveau logo.jpg|Old logo on 28 August 2017 until 3 September 2023.
File:Gulli 2017 nouveau logo.jpg|Third logo from 28 August 2017 to 3 September 2023.
File:Gulli logo 2023.png|New logo current on 3 September 2023.
File:Gulli logo 2023.png|Current logo since 4 September 2023.
</gallery>
</gallery>


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==== Reality programming (Gulli Prime) ====
==== Reality programming (Gulli Prime) ====
* ''[[Battlebots]]''
* ''[[BattleBots]]''
* ''[[:fr:C'est_bon_signe|C'est bon signe]]''
* ''[[:fr:C'est_bon_signe|C'est bon signe]]''
* ''[[:fr:E=M6_Family|E=M6 Family]]''
* ''[[:fr:E=M6_Family|E=M6 Family]]''
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* '''''Girl Power''''': Programming series for girls between 7–11 years old. Aired on Wednesdays and weekends at 1:15&nbsp;pm (until 28 August 2017).
* '''''Girl Power''''': Programming series for girls between 7–11 years old. Aired on Wednesdays and weekends at 1:15&nbsp;pm (until 28 August 2017).
* '''''Gros Cartoon''''': Programming dedicated to the most popular ([[comedic]]) cartoons. Broadcast with [[Ratz (TV series)|Ratz]], Rudolf, La Famille Pirate and [[Space Goofs|Les Zinzins de l'Espace]], as well as many others. Discontinued on 26 August 2012.
* '''''Gros Cartoon''''': Programming dedicated to the most popular ([[comedic]]) cartoons. Broadcast with [[Ratz (TV series)|Ratz]], Rudolf, La Famille Pirate and [[Space Goofs|Les Zinzins de l'Espace]], as well as many others. Discontinued on 26 August 2012.
* '''''GRRR!!!/Grrr...''''': Programming dedicated to animals ([[Oggy and the Cockroaches]], Ralf the Record Rat, Animaliens, Trop fort l'Animal and [[Woody Woodpecker]]). Aired in the morning (as Grrr... at 6:35&nbsp;am, stopped on 26 June 2010) and the afternoon (at 4:35&nbsp;pm, stopped on 27 August 2012). The predominant color was blue in the morning and the predominant color in the afternoon was orange. In the morning, the animals were slightly less agitated than in the afternoon.
* '''''GRRR!!!/Grrr...''''': Programming dedicated to animals ([[Oggy and the Cockroaches]], Ralf the Record Rat, Animaliens, Trop fort l'Animal and [[Woody Woodpecker]]). Aired in the morning (as Grrr... at 6:35&nbsp;am, stopped in 2009) and the afternoon (at 4:35&nbsp;pm, stopped on 27 August 2012). The predominant color was blue in the morning and the predominant color in the afternoon was orange.
* '''''Gulli Bang''''': Aired every Wednesday at 8:25&nbsp;am and 4:25&nbsp;pm, Saturday at 1:40&nbsp;pm and Sunday at 8:25&nbsp;am between 2012 and 2013. ([[Pet Alien]], [[Pokémon (TV series)|Pokémon]])
* '''''Gulli Bang''''': Aired every Wednesday at 8:25&nbsp;am and 4:25&nbsp;pm, Saturday at 1:40&nbsp;pm and Sunday at 8:25&nbsp;am between 2012 and 2013. ([[Pet Alien]], [[Pokémon (TV series)|Pokémon]])
* '''''Gulli Bonus''''': This block was the interstitials block. Aired in multiple parts of the day (most notably 20h00 and 10h45). From 2007 to 2021.
* '''''Gulli Bonus''''': This block was the interstitials block. Aired in multiple parts of the day (most notably 20h00 and 10h45). From 2007 to 2021.
* '''''Gulli d'or''''': A program broadcast on the channel's first anniversary on 18 November 2006. Broadcast [[Oggy and the Cockroaches]], Grand Galop and more.
* '''''Gulli d'or''''': A program broadcast on the channel's first anniversary on 18 November 2006. Broadcast [[Oggy and the Cockroaches]], Grand Galop and more.
* '''''Gulli Gang''''': Broadcast every day around 4:30&nbsp;pm (stopped in September 2006) a comedy-action block,<ref>[https://www.lagardere.com/fichiers/fckeditor/File/Presse/Communique_presse/presse/gulli_DP.pdf dossier de presse] lagardere.com (in French)</ref> aired [[Oggy and the Cockroaches]], [[Lil' Elvis Jones and the Truckstoppers]] and [[Mot (TV series)|Mot]].<ref name="auto">[https://www.csa.fr/content/download/17126/314057/version/1/file/gulli.pdf File Gulli]</ref> Replaced by Gulli Good on 2 September 2006.
* '''''Gulli Gang''''': Broadcast every day around 4:30&nbsp;pm (stopped in September 2006) a comedy-action block,<ref>[https://www.lagardere.com/fichiers/fckeditor/File/Presse/Communique_presse/presse/gulli_DP.pdf dossier de presse] lagardere.com (in French)</ref> aired [[Oggy and the Cockroaches]], [[Lil' Elvis Jones and the Truckstoppers]] and [[Mot (TV series)|Mot]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.csa.fr/content/download/17126/314057/version/1/file/gulli.pdf|title=File Gulli}}</ref> Replaced by Gulli Good on 2 September 2006.
* '''''Gulli Land''''': Cartoon programming about fantasy. Stopped in September 2008.
* '''''Gulli Land''''': Cartoon programming about fantasy. Stopped in September 2008.
* '''''Gulli Gulli''''': Broadcast in the morning after at 6:45&nbsp;am (stopped in 2006 and replaced by Grrr...). Aired shows like [[Donkey Kong Country (TV series)|Donkey Kong]], [[Mot (TV series)|Mot]], and [[Lil' Elvis Jones and the Truckstoppers]].<ref name="auto"/> It returned in 2007 as part of the "rentrée" at 20h45, airing shows like [[Oggy and the Cockroaches]], [[Mr. Bean]] and Intervilles Juniors.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z_0Q_ov8QyE?t=450 | title=La rentrée 2007 de Gulli ! | website=[[YouTube]] }}</ref>
* '''''Gulli Gulli''''': Broadcast in the morning after at 6:45&nbsp;am (stopped in July 2006 and replaced by Grrr...). Aired shows like [[Donkey Kong Country (TV series)|Donkey Kong]], [[Mot (TV series)|Mot]], and [[Lil' Elvis Jones and the Truckstoppers]].<ref name="auto"/> It returned in 2007 as part of the "rentrée" at 20h45, airing shows like [[Oggy and the Cockroaches]], [[Mr. Bean]] and Intervilles Juniors.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z_0Q_ov8QyE?t=450 | title=La rentrée 2007 de Gulli ! | website=[[YouTube]] }}</ref>
* '''''Home Cinéma''''': Broadcast in 2008 and stopped in 2010.
* '''''Home Cinéma''''': Broadcast in 2008 and stopped in 2010.
* '''''La méteo de Gulli''''': Starred a monkey named Toobo who gives a forecast and dressing info. Stopped in the "rentrée" of 2013.
* '''''La méteo de Gulli''''': Starred a monkey named Toobo who gives a forecast and dressing info. Stopped in the "rentrée" of 2013.
* '''''Raid Dingues d'Oggy''''': Aired Saturday nights from 2006 to 2008, to broadcast marathons of Oggy and the Cockroaches.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://catalogue.ina.fr/doc/TV-RADIO/SA_97640.044/oggy-contre-les-fantomes-la-balle-au-but-les-joies-du-plein-air?rang=1194}}</ref>
* '''''La labo de Gulli''''': Aired Monday to Friday from 2&nbsp;pm to 4&nbsp;pm during the summer of 2007.
* '''''La labo de Gulli''''': Aired Monday to Friday from 2&nbsp;pm to 4&nbsp;pm during the summer of 2007.
* '''''Méchamment Drôle''''': Funny cartoon programming. Aired on weekends at 5&nbsp;pm. Aired Zig and Sharko, Corneil and Bernie, [[A Kind of Magic (TV series)|A Kind of Magic]], [[Oggy and the Cockroaches|Oggy et les cafards]] and many more.
* '''''Méchamment Drôle''''': Funny cartoon programming. Aired on weekends at 5&nbsp;pm. Aired Zig and Sharko, Corneil and Bernie, [[A Kind of Magic (TV series)|A Kind of Magic]], [[Oggy and the Cockroaches|Oggy et les cafards]] and many more.
Line 202: Line 209:
* '''''Gulli Club''''': Film programming. Every Tuesday at 8:55 p.m. starting 12 February 2019 and discontinued the following spring 2019 after the channel began showing movies almost every night.
* '''''Gulli Club''''': Film programming. Every Tuesday at 8:55 p.m. starting 12 February 2019 and discontinued the following spring 2019 after the channel began showing movies almost every night.
* '''''Gulli Gold''''': A programming block of the [[Yu-Gi-Oh!]] (from 7 November to 29 November 2020)
* '''''Gulli Gold''''': A programming block of the [[Yu-Gi-Oh!]] (from 7 November to 29 November 2020)
* '''''Gulli Toon''''': Comedy/Funny/Humor-oriented cartoons. Aired on weekdays at 7&nbsp;am and 12&nbsp;pm and also weekends at 5&nbsp;pm. Shows that aired in this block include [[Oggy and the Cockroaches]] and [[Zig & Sharko]]. (from 28 August 2017 to 4 September 2023)
* '''''Gulli Toon''''': Comedy-oriented cartoons. Aired on weekdays at 7&nbsp;am and 12&nbsp;pm and also weekends at 5&nbsp;pm. Shows that aired in this block include [[Oggy and the Cockroaches]] and [[Zig & Sharko]]. (from 28 August 2017 to 4 September 2023)
* '''''Gulli Pop''''': Girl oriented cartoons. Aired weekends at 1:30&nbsp;pm. Shows that aired in this block include [[My Little Pony]], [[Barbie (media franchise)|Barbie]], [[The Thundermans]], [[Lego Friends]], [[The Powerpuff Girls (2016 TV series)|The Powerpuff Girls]] and [[Totally Spies!|Totally Spies]]. (stopped in 2021)
* '''''Gulli Pop''''': Girl oriented cartoons. Aired weekends at 1:30&nbsp;pm. Shows that aired in this block include [[My Little Pony]], [[Barbie (media franchise)|Barbie]], [[The Thundermans]], [[Lego Friends]], [[The Powerpuff Girls (2016 TV series)|The Powerpuff Girls]] and [[Totally Spies!|Totally Spies]]. (stopped in 2021)
* '''''Gulli Go''''': Action-oriented cartoons. Aired weekends at 3&nbsp;pm. Shows that aired in that block include [[Pokémon (anime)|Pokémon]], [[Power Rangers]], [[Transformers]], and [[Beyblade: Metal Fusion]]. (broadcast from 2 September 2017 to 4 December 2021)
* '''''Gulli Go''''': Action-oriented cartoons. Aired weekends at 3&nbsp;pm. Shows that aired in that block include [[Pokémon (anime)|Pokémon]], [[Power Rangers]], [[Transformers]], and [[Beyblade: Metal Fusion]]. (broadcast from 2 September 2017 to 4 December 2021)
* '''''Gulli Doo''''': Preschool block with cartoons for little children. A former show in this block was [[Zig and Sharko|Zig And Sharko]]. Airing weekdays morning at 8:30&nbsp;am and at 12&nbsp;pm. (from 8 April 2010 to 4 September 2023, replaced by Gulli Up)
* '''''Gulli Doo''''': Preschool block with cartoons for little children. A former show in this block was [[Zig and Sharko|Zig And Sharko]]. Airing weekdays morning at 8:30&nbsp;am and at 12&nbsp;pm. (from 8 April 2010 to 4 September 2023, replaced by Gulli Up)
* '''''PaKataK''''': [[Easter]] celebration block, broadcast in 2006. <ref>https://catalogue.ina.fr/doc/TV-RADIO/SA_93833.048/pakatak-programme-du-12-avril-2006?rang=35</ref>


==Broadcast hours==
==Broadcast hours==
At the channel's launch on 18 November 2005, Gulli was broadcast from 6:30&nbsp;am to 11:30&nbsp;pm. From 10 December 2007 (about three months after the "rentrée" of 2007) to 31 August 2008, the channel broadcast from 6:00&nbsp;am to 12:30&nbsp;am. Since 1 September 2008, the channel broadcasts 24 hours a day.{{fact|date=June 2024}}
When the channel launched on 18 November 2005, Gulli was initially broadcast from 6:30&nbsp;am to 11:30&nbsp;pm. Starting on 10 December 2007 (about three months after the "rentrée" of 2007) until 31 August 2008, the channel broadcasts from 6:00&nbsp;am to 12:30&nbsp;am. The channel has been broadcasting 24 hours a day since 1 September 2008.{{fact|date=June 2024}}


==International versions==
==International versions==
*Gulli Africa
*Gulli Africa
*Gulli Bil Arabi
*Gulli Bil Arabi
*Gulli Brasil
*Gulli Brasil (defunct since 2023)
*Gulli Girl (formerly Gulli Russia)
*Gulli Girl (formerly Gulli Russia)


Revision as of 16:19, 2 December 2024

Gulli
CountryFrance
Broadcast areaFrance
Belgium
Switzerland
Headquarters89, avenue Charles de Gaulle 92575 Neuilly-sur-Seine
Programming
Picture format1080i HDTV
Ownership
OwnerGroupe M6
Sister channelsM6
W9
6ter
Paris Première
Téva
TiJi
Canal J
MCM
MCM Top
M6 Music
Série Club
History
Launched18 November 2005; 19 years ago (2005-11-18)
Links
Websitegulli.fr (Website in French)
gulli.com.br (Website in Portuguese)
gulli.ru (Website in Russian)
m6.fr/gulli (M6+ website)
replay.gulli.fr (Gulli Replay website)
svod.gulli.fr (On Demand website)
Availability
Terrestrial
TNTChannel 18

Gulli (pronounced [ɡyli]; stylised as gulli) is a French free-to-air television channel focused on kids' programming for those aged 3 to 14. It was created as a result of a partnership between Lagardère Active and state-owned broadcaster France Télévisions. In 2019, Groupe M6 bought Gulli as well as the television division of Lagardère Active.

History

The channel was launched on 18 November 2005 on the digital terrestrial television platform in France.[1] On 1 July 2015, Gulli launched its own HD simulcast feed on the Astra 1 satellite as part of Canalsat's complete transition to HD.[2] On 5 April 2016, its HD feed was launched on DTT.

Gulli was created as a result of a partnership between a kids-television pioneer Lagardère Active and the state-owned France Télévisions.[3] The former is known due to its children's network, Canal J, while the latter has a long history investing in kids programming through its youth-oriented division on France 3.

In 2011, the first Gulli indoor playground opened. Developped since 2009 and operated by La Boîte aux Enfants, there is 15 Gulli Parcs opened in 2024.[4][5]

On 23 December 2013, a deal was reached between Lagardère and France Télévisions to purchase the latter's shares in Gulli.[6] Until then, the two groups were bound by a shareholders' agreement with a non-competition clause, which made it impossible for France Télévisions to create a public youth channel, as the Minister of Culture Aurélie Filippetti had hoped.[7] By exiting Gulli, France Télévisions was able to create its own children's channel on France 4. As part of the negotiations for the purchase of the public service's 34% stake in Gulli, the total volume of advertising was capped in the children's programming slots on France 4 during 3 years so as not to compete in advertising with Gulli. The deal was finalised on 29 October 2014 with the transfer of 34% of France Télévisions's shares to Lagardère for €25 million.[8][9]

In June 2014, its SVOD service Gulli Max was launched.[10]

In 2019, Lagardère Active sold its television division to Groupe M6 in a €215 million deal, effective from 2 September.[11][12]

On 3 January 2022, the new time-slot brand Gulli Prime was launched for evenings, targeting all family with a focus on adults. It was a move to revitalize Gulli despite its declining audience due to the lowering consumption of linear TV among childrens, to consolidate its value as the channel was considered to be sold as part of the planned merger of Groupe M6 with Groupe TF1 initiated in September 2021.[13][14] As Gulli is the only consistently profitable digital channel, M6 was hoping to sell it at a good price along with Tiji and Canal J. In February, it was decided not to sell Gulli but 6ter (along with TFX),[15] and the sale was even signed in April to Altice Média in the event of the merger being completed,[16] which was cancelled in September due to the concessions demanded by the Competition Authority, in particular the sale of the TF1 or M6 channel.[17][18] Bertelsmann then considered selling Groupe M6 for a few weeks but the timing was too tight before M6's frequency renewal.[19][20]

The network has been exported in dedicated versions for Russia, Africa, the MENA region, and Brazil, broadcasting in Russian, French, Arabic and Brazilian Portuguese. The brand itself was sold alongside the rest of the Lagadère channels to Groupe M6 in 2019.[21] The Russian feed utilizes the name "Gulli Girl" and broadcasts series aimed at a young female audience.

The channel was launched in Brazil on 9 August 2020, on the newly established satellite TV provider BluTV, being the first expansion of the channel to the Americas.

Branding

At the French media regulator CSA's hearings for the new DTT channels, the channel was presented under the name of Gulliver, named after Jonathan Swift's character from Gulliver's Travels, before being renamed and shortened to Gulli.

Gulli launched on 18 November 2005, with their first branding and logo designed by Dream On.[2]

On 8 April 2010, Gulli decided to use a new on-the-air branding designed by Gédéon. The same day, the logo has changed, becoming darker and 3D. They also switched to widescreen in a somewhat dynamic way, with both the 4:3 and 16:9 aspect ratios.

In September 2013, Gulli introduced a new branding, again designed by Gédéon.

On 28 August 2017, Gulli changed its branding again and introduced a new logo. This time, their branding was designed by 17MARS. The 2017 branding received very positive reviews and gave a lot of color to the channel.[3][8]

On 4 September 2023, Gulli changes its branding once again and introduced a new logo. This new branding was designed by Gédéon, who also did the 2010 and 2013 brandings.

Logos

  • Announcement of Gulli on 18 November 2005.
    Announcement of Gulli on 18 November 2005.
  • Original logo used from 18 November 2005 to 8 April 2010.
    Original logo used from 18 November 2005 to 8 April 2010.
  • Second logo from 8 April 2010 to 28 August 2017.
    Second logo from 8 April 2010 to 28 August 2017.
  • Third logo from 28 August 2017 to 3 September 2023.
    Third logo from 28 August 2017 to 3 September 2023.
  • Current logo since 4 September 2023.
    Current logo since 4 September 2023.

Logos of derived channels

  • New logo of Gulli Girl since 2018
    New logo of Gulli Girl since 2018
  • Logo of Gulli Brasil from 9 August 2020 to 18 June 2023
    Logo of Gulli Brasil from 9 August 2020 to 18 June 2023

Slogans

Version 1 (2005 – 2010)

  • 18 November 2005 to 26 September 2007: "Gulli, la chaîne des enfants sur la TNT."
  • 26 September 2007 to 26 December 2008: "Gulli, pour tous les yeux."
  • 26 December 2008 to 7 April 2010: "Gardez le contact !"

Version 2 (2010 – 2017)

  • 7 April 2010 to 3 August 2013: "Gulli remue toute la famille !"
  • 3 August 2013 to 17 March 2014: "Gulli. Bienvenue dans la Famili !"
  • 17 March 2014 to 19 January 2018: "Avec Gulli, colore ta vie !"

Version 3 (2017–present)

  • 19 January 2018 to 18 July 2020: "Gulli, Bienvenue dans la Famili."
  • Since 18 July 2020: "Gulli, La chaîne préférée des enfants... gentils !"

Programming

Gulli broadcasts cartoons, series, shows, and films.

Current programming

Live-action (Gulli Prime)

Animated

Reality programming (Gulli Prime)

Programming blocks

Current

  • Gulli Good: The most watched shows as well as new shows. Airing at 4:30 pm on weekdays (5:15 pm until 2012). Until September 2009, the block was also aired on weekends, at the same hours as weekdays. Shows that aired in this block include with Pokémon, Power Rangers, and The Loud House. (Since 2 September 2006)
  • Gulli Up: broadcast in the morning at 6:30 a.m., contains programs for children (since 4 September 2023).
  • Gulli Midi: Broadcast every day at 11:45 a.m. (since 4 September 2023).
  • Gulliwood: Cinema block that aired movies. Aired on Fridays nights at 7 pm (Since 28 August 2017)
  • Gulli Prime: block of programs for adults. Shows that aired in this block include The Thundermans, Mr. Bean, Tiny House Nation and Power Rangers. Daily from 9:05 pm to 1:45 am (since 3 January 2022).

Former

  • Boing: Block that aired Cartoon Network shows. Show that aired in this block include Dexter's Laboratory, Foster's: House of imaginary Friends and Codename: Kids Next Door. This block was created for promoting the launch of the Boing channel. (3 April 2010 to March 2012)
  • Code Aventure: Action oriented block that aired shows like Pokémon. replaced by Gulli Go (from 19 November 2005 until 28 August 2017. Redesigned twice, once in 2006, the other in 2011).
  • Girl Power: Programming series for girls between 7–11 years old. Aired on Wednesdays and weekends at 1:15 pm (until 28 August 2017).
  • Gros Cartoon: Programming dedicated to the most popular (comedic) cartoons. Broadcast with Ratz, Rudolf, La Famille Pirate and Les Zinzins de l'Espace, as well as many others. Discontinued on 26 August 2012.
  • GRRR!!!/Grrr...: Programming dedicated to animals (Oggy and the Cockroaches, Ralf the Record Rat, Animaliens, Trop fort l'Animal and Woody Woodpecker). Aired in the morning (as Grrr... at 6:35 am, stopped in 2009) and the afternoon (at 4:35 pm, stopped on 27 August 2012). The predominant color was blue in the morning and the predominant color in the afternoon was orange.
  • Gulli Bang: Aired every Wednesday at 8:25 am and 4:25 pm, Saturday at 1:40 pm and Sunday at 8:25 am between 2012 and 2013. (Pet Alien, Pokémon)
  • Gulli Bonus: This block was the interstitials block. Aired in multiple parts of the day (most notably 20h00 and 10h45). From 2007 to 2021.
  • Gulli d'or: A program broadcast on the channel's first anniversary on 18 November 2006. Broadcast Oggy and the Cockroaches, Grand Galop and more.
  • Gulli Gang: Broadcast every day around 4:30 pm (stopped in September 2006) a comedy-action block,[28] aired Oggy and the Cockroaches, Lil' Elvis Jones and the Truckstoppers and Mot.[29] Replaced by Gulli Good on 2 September 2006.
  • Gulli Land: Cartoon programming about fantasy. Stopped in September 2008.
  • Gulli Gulli: Broadcast in the morning after at 6:45 am (stopped in July 2006 and replaced by Grrr...). Aired shows like Donkey Kong, Mot, and Lil' Elvis Jones and the Truckstoppers.[29] It returned in 2007 as part of the "rentrée" at 20h45, airing shows like Oggy and the Cockroaches, Mr. Bean and Intervilles Juniors.[30]
  • Home Cinéma: Broadcast in 2008 and stopped in 2010.
  • La méteo de Gulli: Starred a monkey named Toobo who gives a forecast and dressing info. Stopped in the "rentrée" of 2013.
  • Raid Dingues d'Oggy: Aired Saturday nights from 2006 to 2008, to broadcast marathons of Oggy and the Cockroaches.[31]
  • La labo de Gulli: Aired Monday to Friday from 2 pm to 4 pm during the summer of 2007.
  • Méchamment Drôle: Funny cartoon programming. Aired on weekends at 5 pm. Aired Zig and Sharko, Corneil and Bernie, A Kind of Magic, Oggy et les cafards and many more.
  • Sitcomédies: Sitcom programming. Aired Monday to Friday at 12 pm (disappeared in 2007 and replaced by In ze boîte)
  • Télé Grenadine: Cartoon programming of the 1970s and 80s. On Thursday evenings (formerly Tuesday evenings from 2007 to September 2009) (Stopped in 2011). Aired Les Shadoks, Lucky Luke, and Calimero.
  • Toon Party: The programs in this block are Lucky Luke, Woody Woodpecker, Pink Panther, Les Zinzins de l'Espace, Les Ratz etc. This event block was broadcast on New Year's Eve 2009 and in the summer 2012, Christmas 2012, and April 2013.
  • Podium Gulli: Cartoon marathon that viewers could vote on gullitv.fr for broadcast on Saturday afternoon. From 2 September 2006 to 2 September 2009.
  • Gulli Goal: A cartoon block while waiting for the World Cup. Broadcast every Saturday at 4 p.m. from 2 June 2018, and stopped on 10 July 2018, of the same year after France's victory.
  • Gulli Club: Film programming. Every Tuesday at 8:55 p.m. starting 12 February 2019 and discontinued the following spring 2019 after the channel began showing movies almost every night.
  • Gulli Gold: A programming block of the Yu-Gi-Oh! (from 7 November to 29 November 2020)
  • Gulli Toon: Comedy-oriented cartoons. Aired on weekdays at 7 am and 12 pm and also weekends at 5 pm. Shows that aired in this block include Oggy and the Cockroaches and Zig & Sharko. (from 28 August 2017 to 4 September 2023)
  • Gulli Pop: Girl oriented cartoons. Aired weekends at 1:30 pm. Shows that aired in this block include My Little Pony, Barbie, The Thundermans, Lego Friends, The Powerpuff Girls and Totally Spies. (stopped in 2021)
  • Gulli Go: Action-oriented cartoons. Aired weekends at 3 pm. Shows that aired in that block include Pokémon, Power Rangers, Transformers, and Beyblade: Metal Fusion. (broadcast from 2 September 2017 to 4 December 2021)
  • Gulli Doo: Preschool block with cartoons for little children. A former show in this block was Zig And Sharko. Airing weekdays morning at 8:30 am and at 12 pm. (from 8 April 2010 to 4 September 2023, replaced by Gulli Up)
  • PaKataK: Easter celebration block, broadcast in 2006. [32]

Broadcast hours

When the channel launched on 18 November 2005, Gulli was initially broadcast from 6:30 am to 11:30 pm. Starting on 10 December 2007 (about three months after the "rentrée" of 2007) until 31 August 2008, the channel broadcasts from 6:00 am to 12:30 am. The channel has been broadcasting 24 hours a day since 1 September 2008.[citation needed]

International versions

  • Gulli Africa
  • Gulli Bil Arabi
  • Gulli Brasil (defunct since 2023)
  • Gulli Girl (formerly Gulli Russia)

References

  1. ^ "BFM TV et Gulli font leur entrée sur Freebox". Univers Freebox (in French). 18 October 2005. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  2. ^ a b "TNT SAT prend de l'avance sur la HD !". Univers Freebox (in French). 1 August 2015. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  3. ^ a b Kerviel, Sylvie (15 September 2006). "La concurrence s'intensifie entre les nombreuses chaînes jeunesse". Le Monde.fr (in French). Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  4. ^ "Gulli Parc ouvre ses 14ème et 15ème parcs en France en octobre 2024 à Vendeville et Lomme !". La Boîte aux Enfants (in French). Retrieved 17 November 2024.
  5. ^ "Qui sommes-nous". Gulli Parc (in French). Retrieved 17 November 2024.
  6. ^ Montarou, Maël (22 December 2013). "France Télévisions va céder Gulli à Lagardère". Télé 2 semaines (in French). Retrieved 17 November 2024.
  7. ^ "Gulli vendue, France 4 mue". SudOuest.fr (in French). 1 November 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
  8. ^ a b "Lagardère finalise (enfin) le rachat de Gulli". BFM BUSINESS (in French). Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  9. ^ "France Télévisions va céder Gulli pour 25 millions d'euros". Le Figaro (in French). 15 February 2014. Retrieved 17 November 2024.
  10. ^ "Gulli : nouvelle version de l'application de SVOD jeunesse GulliMax". Satellifacts. 22 April 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2024.
  11. ^ "M6 rachète le pôle TV de Lagardère pour 215 millions d'euros". Le Figaro (in French). 24 May 2019. Retrieved 17 November 2024.
  12. ^ "Le CSA autorise le rachat de la chaîne Gulli par le groupe M6". M6 Publicité (in French). 18 July 2019. Retrieved 17 November 2024.
  13. ^ Thomassin, Geoffrey (15 September 2021). "Fusion TF1/M6 : Gulli, 6Ter, TFX et TF1 Séries Films pourraient être revendues". alloforfait.fr (in French). Retrieved 17 November 2024.
  14. ^ Natacha (27 January 2022). "Fusion TF1-M6 : Gulli se transforme pour mieux se vendre". alloforfait.fr (in French). Retrieved 17 November 2024.
  15. ^ "TF1 et M6 veulent garder la chaîne enfants Gulli mais céderont 6Ter et TFX à Altice". Les Echos. 28 February 2022.
  16. ^ "TF1, M6 et Altice s'accordent sur les cessions de TFX et 6ter". CB News (in French). 10 April 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2024.
  17. ^ "Abandon de la fusion TF1-M6 : le patron de l'Autorité de la concurrence s'explique". Les Echos. 18 September 2022.
  18. ^ "TF1 et M6 abandonnent leur projet de fusion" (in French). 16 September 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2024.
  19. ^ "Quel avenir pour TF1 et M6 après la fusion avortée?". Les Echos. 29 September 2022.
  20. ^ Alcaraz, Marina (4 October 2022). "Vente avortée de M6 : retour sur un feuilleton épique en 7 épisodes". Les Echos.
  21. ^ "M6 rachète le pôle TV de Lagardère pour 215 millions d'euros". LEFIGARO (in French). 24 May 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  22. ^ "Bienvenue chez les Casagrandes - le dessin animé sur Gulli".
  23. ^ "My Little Pony: Pony Life - Série Animation - Programme TV Gulli". www.gulli.fr. Archived from the original on 25 August 2020.
  24. ^ "Chaine-TV/Dessins-animes/Oggy-et-les-cafards". Gulli.fr (in French). 27 August 2017. Retrieved 18 November 2022.
  25. ^ "Oggy et les cafards - Next Gen le 11 novembre 2021 à 08h13 sur Gulli". www.cesoirtv.com. Archived from the original on 13 November 2021.
  26. ^ "Totally Spies : TF1 reprend la diffusion face au succès de Gulli, les audiences ne rivalisent pas avec sa concurrente". Toutelatele (in French). 21 July 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  27. ^ "Totally spies ! : le retour des célèbres espionnes des années 2000 est annoncé". Tele-Loisirs (in French). 25 January 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  28. ^ dossier de presse lagardere.com (in French)
  29. ^ a b "File Gulli" (PDF).
  30. ^ "La rentrée 2007 de Gulli !". YouTube.
  31. ^ https://catalogue.ina.fr/doc/TV-RADIO/SA_97640.044/oggy-contre-les-fantomes-la-balle-au-but-les-joies-du-plein-air?rang=1194. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  32. ^ https://catalogue.ina.fr/doc/TV-RADIO/SA_93833.048/pakatak-programme-du-12-avril-2006?rang=35
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