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{{Short description|Chinese passenger ferry}}
{{other ships|SS Fatshan}}
{{other ships|SS Fatshan}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin
{|{{Infobox ship begin
|display title=ital}}
| display title = ital
}}
{{Infobox ship image
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=Fatshan II Swire Flag.jpg
| Ship image = Fatshan II Swire Flag.jpg
|Ship caption=''Fatshan'' sailing under the [[Swire]] flag of the [[China Navigation Company]] and British Hong Kong likely taken between 1933 and 1941
| Ship caption = ''Fatshan'' sailing under the [[Swire]] flag of the [[China Navigation Company]] and British Hong Kong likely taken between 1933 and 1941
}}
}}
{{Infobox ship career
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
| Hide header =
|Ship country=[[British Hong Kong|Hong Kong]]
| Ship country = [[British Hong Kong|Hong Kong]]
|Ship flag= [[File:Flag_of_Hong_Kong_(1876–1955).svg|60px]]
| Ship flag = [[File:Flag of Hong Kong (1876–1955).svg|60px]]
|Ship name= ''Fatshan''
| Ship name = ''Fatshan''
|Ship namesake=City of [[Fatshan]] (now Foshan), [[Canton Province]]
| Ship namesake = City of [[Fatshan]] (now Foshan), [[Canton Province]]
|Ship builder=[[Taikoo Dockyard and Engineering Company]], [[Hong Kong]]
| Ship builder = [[Taikoo Dockyard and Engineering Company]], [[Hong Kong]]
|Ship yard number=262<ref name="WikiSwire">{{cite web |url=http://wikiswire.com/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Fatshan_II&oldid=16106 |title=Fatshan II |date=12 February 2019 |website=wikiswire.com |publisher=WikiSwire |access-date=23 October 2019 |quote=}}</ref>
| Ship yard number = 262<ref name="WikiSwire">{{cite web |url=http://wikiswire.com/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Fatshan_II&oldid=16106 |title=Fatshan II |date=12 February 2019 |website=wikiswire.com |publisher=WikiSwire |access-date=23 October 2019 }}</ref>
|Ship laid down=
| Ship laid down =
|Ship launched=1933<ref>{{cite book |last= |first= |year=1934 |title=Fairplay Weekly Shipping Journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=94EeAQAAMAAJ&dq |location=London |publisher=Fairplay Publications Limited |page=36 |volume=130 |author-link=}}</ref>
| Ship launched = 1933<ref>{{cite book |year=1934 |title=Fairplay Weekly Shipping Journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=94EeAQAAMAAJ |location=London |publisher=Fairplay Publications Limited |page=36 |volume=130 }}</ref>
|Ship sponsor=[[China Navigation Company]]
| Ship sponsor = [[China Navigation Company]]
|Ship commissioned=
| Ship commissioned =
|Ship decommissioned=
| Ship decommissioned =
|Ship struck=
| Ship struck =
|Ship honors=
| Ship honors =
|Ship fate=Captured by [[Imperial Japanese Army]] in December 1941 after the [[Battle of Hong Kong]].
| Ship fate = Captured by [[Imperial Japanese Army]] in December 1941 after the [[Battle of Hong Kong]].
}}
}}
{{Infobox ship career
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=title
| Hide header = title
|Ship country=[[Empire of Japan]]
| Ship country = [[Empire of Japan]]
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Empire of Japan|naval}}
| Ship flag = {{shipboxflag|Empire of Japan|naval}}
|Ship name= ''Nankai-201''
| Ship name = ''Nankai-201''
|Ship builder=[[Taikoo Dockyard and Engineering Company]]
| Ship builder = [[Taikoo Dockyard and Engineering Company]]
|Ship acquired=December 1941
| Ship acquired = December 1941
|Ship operator =Inland River Operations Company
| Ship operator = Inland River Operations Company
|Ship commissioned=1941
| Ship commissioned = 1941
|Ship decommissioned=
| Ship decommissioned =
|Ship struck=
| Ship struck =
|Ship identification=
| Ship identification =
|Ship fate=Requisitioned by IJN as troop and supply transport, renamed as ''Koto Maru''
| Ship fate = Requisitioned by IJN as troop and supply transport, renamed as ''Koto Maru''
}}
}}
{{Infobox ship career
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=title
| Hide header = title
|Ship country=Empire of Japan
| Ship country = Empire of Japan
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Empire of Japan|naval}}
| Ship flag = {{shipboxflag|Empire of Japan|naval}}
|Ship name={{ship||Koto Maru|1933|2}}
| Ship name = {{ship||Koto Maru|1933|2}}
|Ship builder=[[Taikoo Dockyard and Engineering Company]]
| Ship builder = [[Taikoo Dockyard and Engineering Company]]
|Ship acquired=1942
| Ship acquired = 1942
|Ship operator=[[Imperial Japanese Navy]]
| Ship operator = [[Imperial Japanese Navy]]
|Ship commissioned=1942
| Ship commissioned = 1942
|Ship decommissioned=
| Ship decommissioned =
|Ship struck=1945
| Ship struck = 1945
|Ship identification=
| Ship identification =
|Ship fate=Returned to [[China Navigation Company]] in August 1945
| Ship fate = Returned to [[China Navigation Company]] in August 1945
}}
}}
{{Infobox ship career
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=title
| Hide header = title
|Ship country=[[British Hong Kong|Hong Kong]]
| Ship country = [[British Hong Kong|Hong Kong]]
|Ship flag=[[File:Flag of Hong Kong (1959–1997).svg|60px]]
| Ship flag = [[File:Flag of Hong Kong (1959–1997).svg|60px]]
|Ship name=SS ''Fatshan''
| Ship name = SS ''Fatshan''
|Ship builder=[[Taikoo Dockyard and Engineering Company]]
| Ship builder = [[Taikoo Dockyard and Engineering Company]]
|Ship acquired=August 1945
| Ship acquired = August 1945
|Ship operator=
| Ship operator =
|Ship owner= * 1945–1951: [[File:Swire logo.svg|20px]] [[China Navigation Company]]
| Ship owner = * 1945–1951: [[File:Swire house flag.svg|20px]] [[China Navigation Company]]
* 1951–1951: [[Man On Shipping and Navigation Company]]<ref name="HKIH-YCLiang">{{cite web |url=https://industrialhistoryhk.org/y-c-liang-and-hk-macao-hydrofoil/ |title=Y.C. Liang and HK Macao Hydrofoil |last=Lo |first=York |date=5 February 2018 |website=industrialhistoryhk.org |publisher=The Industrial History of Hong Kong Group |access-date=23 October 2019 |quote=}}</ref>
* 1951–1951: [[Man On Shipping and Navigation Company]]<ref name="HKIH-YCLiang">{{cite web |url=https://industrialhistoryhk.org/y-c-liang-and-hk-macao-hydrofoil/ |title=Y.C. Liang and HK Macao Hydrofoil |last=Lo |first=York |date=5 February 2018 |website=industrialhistoryhk.org |publisher=The Industrial History of Hong Kong Group |access-date=23 October 2019 }}</ref>
* 1951–1968: [[Yu On Shipping Company]] (裕安輪船)<ref name="HKIH-YCLiang"/>
* 1951–1968: [[Yu On Shipping Company]] (裕安輪船)<ref name="HKIH-YCLiang"/>
* 1968–1971: [[Tai Tak Hing Shipping Company]]<ref name="HKIH-YCLiang"/>
* 1968–1971: [[Tai Tak Hing Shipping Company]]<ref name="HKIH-YCLiang"/>
|Ship commissioned=1951
| Ship commissioned = 1951
|Ship decommissioned=1971
| Ship decommissioned = 1971
|Ship struck=1971
| Ship struck = 1971
|Ship identification= * ID/IMO No. 5112846<ref name="WreckSite">{{cite web |url=https://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?106285 |title=SS Fatshan [+1971] |last= |first= |date=28 August 2008 |website=wrecksite.eu |publisher=WreckSite |access-date=23 October 2019 |quote=}}</ref>
| Ship identification = * ID/IMO No. 5112846<ref name="WreckSite">{{cite web |url=https://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?106285 |title=SS Fatshan [+1971] |date=28 August 2008 |website=wrecksite.eu |publisher=WreckSite |access-date=23 October 2019 }}</ref>
* UKHO Wreck No. 46616<ref name="HKUHGroup">{{cite web |url=http://www.hkuhgroup.com/cms/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=248%3A852148-fatshan&catid=18%3Adatabase&Itemid=14&lang=en |title=852148: FATSHAN |last= |first= |date=27 July 2015 |website=hkuhgroup.com |publisher=Hong Kong Underwater Heritage Group |access-date=23 October 2019 |quote=}}</ref>
* UKHO Wreck No. 46616<ref name="HKUHGroup">{{cite web |url=http://www.hkuhgroup.com/cms/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=248%3A852148-fatshan&catid=18%3Adatabase&Itemid=14&lang=en |title=852148: FATSHAN |date=27 July 2015 |website=hkuhgroup.com |publisher=Hong Kong Underwater Heritage Group |access-date=23 October 2019 }}</ref>
|Ship fate=Sunk on 16 August 1971 during [[Typhoon Rose (1971)|Typhoon Rose]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1052148/factbox-deadliest-accidents-hk-last-30-years |title=Factbox: the deadliest accidents in HK in the last 40 years |last= |first= |date=2 October 2012 |website=scmp.com |publisher=South China Morning Post |access-date=23 October 2019 |quote=}}</ref>
| Ship fate = Sank on 16 August 1971 during [[Typhoon Rose (1971)|Typhoon Rose]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1052148/factbox-deadliest-accidents-hk-last-30-years |title=Factbox: the deadliest accidents in HK in the last 40 years |date=2 October 2012 |website=scmp.com |publisher=South China Morning Post |access-date=23 October 2019 }}</ref>
}}
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Header caption=(as ''Fatshan'')
| Header caption = (as ''Fatshan'')
|Ship class=[[Steamship|Steam powered]] [[passenger ferry|ferry]]
| Ship class = [[Steamship|Steam powered]] [[passenger ferry|ferry]]
|Ship displacement=* {{GRT|2,639}}
| Ship tonnage = * {{GRT|2,639}}
* {{NRT|1579}}<ref name="WikiSwire"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/lines/cnc.shtml |title=The Fleets: China Navigation Company |last= |first= |date=2019 |website=theshipslist.com |publisher=TheShipsList |access-date=23 October 2019 |quote=}}</ref>
* {{NRT|1579}}<ref name="WikiSwire"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/lines/cnc.shtml |title=The Fleets: China Navigation Company |date=2019 |website=theshipslist.com |publisher=TheShipsList |access-date=23 October 2019 }}</ref>
|Ship length={{convert|241|ft|m|abbr=on|1}}<ref name="WikiSwire"/><ref name="WreckSite"/>
| Ship length = {{convert|241|ft|m|abbr=on|1}}<ref name="WikiSwire"/><ref name="WreckSite"/>
|Ship beam={{convert|45.5|ft|m|abbr=on|1}}<ref name="WikiSwire"/><ref name="WreckSite"/>
| Ship beam = {{convert|45.5|ft|m|abbr=on|1}}<ref name="WikiSwire"/><ref name="WreckSite"/>
|Ship depth={{convert|11|ft|m|abbr=on|1}}<ref name="WikiSwire"/><ref name="WreckSite"/>
| Ship depth = {{convert|11|ft|m|abbr=on|1}}<ref name="WikiSwire"/><ref name="WreckSite"/>
|Ship power=71 [[Horsepower#Nominal (or rated) horsepower|nhp]]. {{convert|2,600|ihp|lk=on|abbr=on}}<ref name="WikiSwire"/><ref name="WreckSite"/>
| Ship power = 71 [[Horsepower#Nominal horsepower|nhp]]. {{convert|2,600|ihp|lk=on|abbr=on}}<ref name="WikiSwire"/><ref name="WreckSite"/>
|Ship propulsion=Triple expansion steam engine<ref name="WikiSwire"/><ref name="WreckSite"/>
| Ship propulsion = Triple expansion steam engine<ref name="WikiSwire"/><ref name="WreckSite"/>
|Ship speed={{convert|13|kn|lk=in}}
| Ship speed = {{convert|13|kn|lk=in}}
|Ship capacity=* 39 first class
| Ship capacity = * 39 first class
* 23 cabin class
* 23 cabin class
* 60 [[steerage]]
* 60 [[steerage]]
* 1,261 unberthed
* 1,261 unberthed
|Ship boats= * Lifeboat: 54 persons
| Ship boats = * Lifeboat: 54 persons
* Raft: 550 persons
* Raft: 550 persons
|Ship complement=
| Ship complement =
|Ship armament=
| Ship armament =
}}
}}
|}
|}


'''SS ''Fatshan''''' ([[Traditional Chinese characters|Chinese]]: 佛山輪<ref name="HKIH-YCLiang"/> ) was a [[passenger ferry]] [[Steamship|steamer]] which sank in stormy seas off [[Lantau Island]] during [[Typhoon Rose]] resulting in the loss of 88 lives.<ref name="HKMD">{{cite web |url=https://www.mardep.gov.hk/theme/port_hk/en/p2ch2_3.html |title=Major marine incidents since 1951 |last=Lau |first=Chi-pang |date=2019 |website=mardep.gov.hk |publisher=Hong Kong Marine Department |access-date=23 October 2019 |quote=}}</ref><ref name="HKUHGroup"/>
'''SS ''Fatshan''''' ({{zh|t=佛山輪|first=t}}<ref name="HKIH-YCLiang"/>) was a [[passenger ferry]] [[Steamship|steamer]] which sank in stormy seas off [[Lantau Island]] during [[Typhoon Rose (1971)|Typhoon Rose]] resulting in the loss of 88 lives.<ref name="HKMD">{{cite web |url=https://www.mardep.gov.hk/theme/port_hk/en/p2ch2_3.html |title=Major marine incidents since 1951 |last=Lau |first=Chi-pang |date=2019 |website=mardep.gov.hk |publisher=Hong Kong Marine Department |access-date=23 October 2019 }}</ref><ref name="HKUHGroup"/>


== Construction and commissioning ==
== Construction and commissioning ==
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''Fatshan'' was ordered by the [[China Navigation Company]] as a replacement for the previous {{SS|Fatshan|1887|2}} to take up its relevant duties on the ferry service between [[Hong Kong]] and [[Guangzhou|Canton]] after 45 years of service.<ref name="WikiSwire"/><ref name="WreckSite"/>
''Fatshan'' was ordered by the [[China Navigation Company]] as a replacement for the previous {{SS|Fatshan|1887|2}} to take up its relevant duties on the ferry service between [[Hong Kong]] and [[Guangzhou|Canton]] after 45 years of service.<ref name="WikiSwire"/><ref name="WreckSite"/>


The ship was built at the Taikoo Dockyard's lot 262 by the [[Taikoo Dockyard and Engineering Company]], delivered to China Navigation Company in 1933. She was powered by a four-[[Cylinder (engine)|cylinder]] [[Turboexpander|triple expansion]] [[steam engine]] producing 71 [[Horsepower#Nominal (or rated) horsepower|nhp]] and displacing 2,639 [[gross register ton]]s.<ref name="WikiSwire"/><ref name="WreckSite"/>
The ship was built at the Taikoo Dockyard's lot 262 by the [[Taikoo Dockyard and Engineering Company]], delivered to China Navigation Company in 1933. She was powered by a four-[[Cylinder (engine)|cylinder]] [[Turboexpander|triple expansion]] [[steam engine]] producing 71 [[Horsepower#Nominal horsepower|nhp]] and displacing 2,639 [[gross register ton]]s.<ref name="WikiSwire"/><ref name="WreckSite"/>


== Hong Kong Canton route with the China Navigation Company ==
== Hong Kong Canton route with the China Navigation Company ==


In December 1939, ''Fatshan'' was underway under the command of Captain Whyte en route to Canton from Hong Kong when the steamer struck a submerged object which tore a large hole into the ships hull near the engine room. Captain Whyte managed to beach the steamer on nearby Japanese-occupied [[Lin Tin Island]], avoiding its sinking. A passing British warship, {{HMS|Tarantula}} of the [[China Station (Royal Navy)|China Station]] came to the ship's rescue, transferring around 1,800 passengers and their baggage onto the gunboat.<ref>{{cite news |date=7 December 1939 |title=Sinking Steamer: Passengers' Experience |language=English |issue=LXVI - No. 20,114 |edition=Print |location=Gisborne |publisher=The Gisborne Herald |page=4 |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/imageserver/newspapers/P29pZD1HSVNIMTkzOTEyMDcmZ2V0cGRmPXRydWU= |access-date=24 October 2019 }}</ref> The passengers were later transferred from the warship onto {{SS|Kinshan|1903|6}} of the [[HongKong Canton & Macao Steamboat Company]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?255963 |title=Kinshan SS (1903~1942) |last=Lettens |first=Jan |date=18 November 2014 |website=wrecksite.eu |publisher=WreckSite |access-date= |quote=}}</ref>
In December 1939, ''Fatshan'' was underway under the command of Captain Whyte en route to Canton from Hong Kong when the steamer struck a submerged object which tore a large hole into the ship's hull near the engine room. Captain Whyte managed to beach the steamer on nearby Japanese-occupied [[Lin Tin Island]], avoiding its sinking. A passing British warship, {{HMS|Tarantula}} of the [[China Station (Royal Navy)|China Station]] came to the ship's rescue, transferring around 1,800 passengers and their baggage onto the gunboat.<ref>{{cite news |date=7 December 1939 |title=Sinking Steamer: Passengers' Experience |language=en |issue=LXVI - No. 20,114 |edition=Print |location=Gisborne |publisher=The Gisborne Herald |page=4 |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/imageserver/newspapers/P29pZD1HSVNIMTkzOTEyMDcmZ2V0cGRmPXRydWU= |access-date=24 October 2019 }}</ref> The passengers were later transferred from the warship onto {{SS|Kinshan|1903|6}} of the [[HongKong Canton & Macao Steamboat Company]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?255963 |title=Kinshan SS (1903~1942) |last=Lettens |first=Jan |date=18 November 2014 |website=wrecksite.eu |publisher=WreckSite }}</ref>


In August 1940, ''Fatshan'' was detained by Japanese authorities over Swire's refusal to pay piloting fees. The detention led to a brief diplomatic incident between British and Japanese colonial authorities before the ship was finally released in April 1941.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mardep.gov.hk/theme/port_hk/en/p1ch5_1.html?query=fatshan |title=The port before and during the war |last=Wong |first=Kenneth Kwan-kin |date=2019 |website=mardep.gov.hk |publisher=Hong Kong Marine Department |access-date=23 October 2019 |quote=}}</ref>
In August 1940, ''Fatshan'' was detained by Japanese authorities over [[Swire]]'s refusal to pay piloting fees. The detention led to a brief diplomatic incident between British and Japanese colonial authorities before the ship was finally released in April 1941.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mardep.gov.hk/theme/port_hk/en/p1ch5_1.html?query=fatshan |title=The port before and during the war |last=Wong |first=Kenneth Kwan-kin |date=2019 |website=mardep.gov.hk |publisher=Hong Kong Marine Department |access-date=23 October 2019 }}</ref>


In December 1941, ''Fatshan'' was captured by the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] after their victory in the [[Battle of Hong Kong]] and renamed as ''Nankai-201''.<ref name="WikiSwire"/><ref name="WreckSite"/>
In December 1941, ''Fatshan'' was captured by the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] after their victory in the [[Battle of Hong Kong]] and renamed as ''Nankai-201''.<ref name="WikiSwire"/><ref name="WreckSite"/>
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During [[Japanese occupation of Hong Kong|Japanese rule]] of [[Hong Kong]] and until around 1942, ''Nankai-201'' continued operating as a ferry service between Hong Kong and [[Guangzhou|Canton]], likely with the Inland River Operations Company. In 1942, the ship was renamed as ''Koto Maru'' and began carrying out duties including troop and supply transport in the region for the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]].<ref name="KWIZ70"/>
During [[Japanese occupation of Hong Kong|Japanese rule]] of [[Hong Kong]] and until around 1942, ''Nankai-201'' continued operating as a ferry service between Hong Kong and [[Guangzhou|Canton]], likely with the Inland River Operations Company. In 1942, the ship was renamed as ''Koto Maru'' and began carrying out duties including troop and supply transport in the region for the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]].<ref name="KWIZ70"/>


On 9 August 1944, ''Koto Maru'' was spotted and reported on by agents of the [[British Army Aid Group]]as part of their Naval Section's Kweilin Intelligence Summary No. 70. The ship was recorded as having arrived at Hong Kong around 18 July from Canton and had been laid up for repairs at the [[Taikoo Dockyard]] for repairs to its [[stern]], [[Hull (watercraft)|hull]], [[propeller]] and [[rudder]] for discharge on around 1 September. The vessel was recorded as having a [[Ship camouflage|light grey color scheme]] with armament modifications including an [[Anti-aircraft warfare|anti-aircraft]] [[machine gun]] on the [[Bridge (nautical)|bridge]] and was crewed by 4 Japanese, 30 Chinese and 6 Indian sailors.<ref name="KWIZ70">{{cite report |date=13 October 1944 |title=Kweilin Intelligence Summary No. 70. |location=Ishan, Kwangsi Province |url=https://industrialhistoryhk.org/baag-report-kwiz-70-naval-reports/ |publisher=British Army Aid Group, Naval Section |via=Ride, Elizabeth: The Industrial History of Hong Kong Group |access-date=23 October 2019 |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.combinedfleet.com/IJN%20No.%202%20Naval%20Working%20Department%20at%20Hong%20Kong.htm |title=History of the IJN's No. 2 Naval Working Department at Britain's Crown Colony of Hong Kong |last=Hackett |first=Bob |date=2016 |website=combinedfleet.com |publisher=Combined Fleet |access-date=23 October 2019 |quote=}}</ref>
On 9 August 1944, ''Koto Maru'' was spotted and reported on by agents of the [[British Army Aid Group]] as part of their Naval Section's Kweilin Intelligence Summary No. 70. The ship was recorded as having arrived at Hong Kong around 18 July from Canton and had been laid up for repairs at the [[Taikoo Dockyard]] for repairs to its [[stern]], [[Hull (watercraft)|hull]], [[propeller]], and [[rudder]] for discharge on around 1 September. The vessel was recorded as having a [[Ship camouflage|light grey colour scheme]] with armament modifications including an [[Anti-aircraft warfare|anti-aircraft]] [[machine gun]] on the [[Bridge (nautical)|bridge]] and was crewed by 4 Japanese, 30 Chinese and 6 Indian sailors.<ref name="KWIZ70">{{cite report |date=13 October 1944 |title=Kweilin Intelligence Summary No. 70. |location=Ishan, Kwangsi Province |url=https://industrialhistoryhk.org/baag-report-kwiz-70-naval-reports/ |publisher=British Army Aid Group, Naval Section |via=Ride, Elizabeth: The Industrial History of Hong Kong Group |access-date=23 October 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.combinedfleet.com/IJN%20No.%202%20Naval%20Working%20Department%20at%20Hong%20Kong.htm |title=History of the IJN's No. 2 Naval Working Department at Britain's Crown Colony of Hong Kong |last=Hackett |first=Bob |date=2016 |website=combinedfleet.com |publisher=Combined Fleet |access-date=23 October 2019 }}</ref>


An earlier sketch of ''Koto Maru'' from September 1944 indicated that there was no significant changes to the ship's peacetime configuration aside from the color scheme and light armament.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://industrialhistoryhk.org/baag-report-kwiz66-naval-reports/ |title=BAAG Report KWIZ #66 Naval Reports – information about Taikoo, Aberdeen, Kowloon & Cosmopolitan dockyards |last=Ride |first=Elizabeth |date=2 April 2019 |website=industrialhistoryhk.org |publisher=The Industrial History of Hong Kong Group |access-date=23 October 2019 |quote=}}</ref>
An earlier sketch of ''Koto Maru'' from September 1944 indicated that there was no significant changes to the ship's peacetime configuration aside from the colour scheme and light armament.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://industrialhistoryhk.org/baag-report-kwiz66-naval-reports/ |title=BAAG Report KWIZ #66 Naval Reports – information about Taikoo, Aberdeen, Kowloon & Cosmopolitan dockyards |last=Ride |first=Elizabeth |date=2 April 2019 |website=industrialhistoryhk.org |publisher=The Industrial History of Hong Kong Group |access-date=23 October 2019 }}</ref>


== Resumed Hong Kong Canton route with the China Navigation Company ==
== Resumed Hong Kong Canton route with the China Navigation Company ==
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In August 1945 with the [[British Hong Kong|reestablishment of British rule]] in [[Hong Kong]], ''Fatshan'' was returned to the [[China Navigation Company]].<ref name="HKIH-YCLiang"/>
In August 1945 with the [[British Hong Kong|reestablishment of British rule]] in [[Hong Kong]], ''Fatshan'' was returned to the [[China Navigation Company]].<ref name="HKIH-YCLiang"/>


In January 1949, ''Fatshan'' participated in the opening of the [[Pearl River (China)|Pearl River]]'s [[Elliot Passage]] carrying the British delegation to officiate the ceremony.<ref name="WikiSwire"/> In May of 1950, the [[Communist Party of China|Communist government]] passed legislation barring foreign vessels from calling at [[Guangzhou|Canton]]. As a result, ''Fatshan'' was moved to the Hong Kong [[Macao]] route.<ref name="WikiSwire"/>
In January 1949, ''Fatshan'' participated in the opening of the [[Pearl River (China)|Pearl River]]'s [[Elliot Passage]] carrying the British delegation to officiate the ceremony.<ref name="WikiSwire"/> In May 1950, the [[Communist Party of China|Communist government]] passed legislation barring foreign vessels from calling at [[Guangzhou|Canton]]. As a result, ''Fatshan'' was moved to the Hong Kong [[Macao]] route.<ref name="WikiSwire"/>


== Hong Kong Macao route with the Man On Shipping and Navigation Company ==
== Hong Kong Macao route with the Man On Shipping and Navigation Company ==


In May 1951, ''Fatshan'' was acquired by [[Chau Tsun-nin|Sir Tsun-Nin Chau]] for the [[Man On Shipping and Navigation Company]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://industrialhistoryhk.org/baag-records-of-shipping-in-hk-during-1944-45-the-koto-maru-ex-s-s-fatshan/ |title=BAAG records of shipping in HK during 1944-45 – the Koto Maru ex S.S. Fatshan, built at Taikoo Docks |last=Ride |first=Elizabeth |date=26 November 2016 |website=industrialhistoryhk.org |publisher=The Industrial History of Hong Kong Group |access-date=23 October 2019 |quote=}}</ref> At the time, ''Fatshan'' was one of the main ferry boats operating the [[Hong Kong]] to [[Macao]] route, the others being MV ''Tai Loy'' and SS ''Tak Shing''.<ref name="HKIH-YCLiang"/>
In May 1951, ''Fatshan'' was acquired by [[Chau Tsun-nin|Sir Tsun-Nin Chau]] for the [[Man On Shipping and Navigation Company]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://industrialhistoryhk.org/baag-records-of-shipping-in-hk-during-1944-45-the-koto-maru-ex-s-s-fatshan/ |title=BAAG records of shipping in HK during 1944-45 – the Koto Maru ex S.S. Fatshan, built at Taikoo Docks |last=Ride |first=Elizabeth |date=26 November 2016 |website=industrialhistoryhk.org |publisher=The Industrial History of Hong Kong Group |access-date=23 October 2019 }}</ref> At the time, ''Fatshan'' was one of the main ferry boats operating the [[Hong Kong]] to [[Macao]] route, the others being MV ''Tai Loy'' and SS ''Tak Shing''.<ref name="HKIH-YCLiang"/>


== Hong Kong Macao route with the Yu On Shipping Company ==
== Hong Kong Macao route with the Yu On Shipping Company ==


In July 1951, ''Fatshan'' was acquired from Man On by the newly formed [[Yu On Shipping Company]] (裕安輪船). Yu On had been founded in that same year by [[YC Liang|Yuen-Cheong Liang]], [[Ho Yin]] and [[Ho Tim]]. YC Liang had previously made use of ''Fatshan'' in 1945 when he was charged with ferrying relief supplies to Hong Kong from [[Macao]] after the end of [[World War II]].<ref name="HKIH-YCLiang"/>
In July 1951, ''Fatshan'' was acquired from Man On by the newly formed [[Yu On Shipping Company]] (裕安輪船). Yu On had been founded in that same year by [[YC Liang|Yuen-Cheong Liang]], [[Ho Yin]], and [[Ho Tim]]. YC Liang had previously made use of ''Fatshan'' in 1945 when he was charged with ferrying relief supplies to Hong Kong from [[Macao]] after the end of [[World War II]].<ref name="HKIH-YCLiang"/>


By 1961, competing ferry services on the Hong Kong to Macao route were set up with the establishment of [[Stanley Ho]]'s [[Shun Tak Holdings|Shun Tak Shipping]]. The competition for the route further escalated in the mid to late 60's with the introduction of [[hydrofoil]] ferry services.<ref name="HKIH-YCLiang"/>
By 1961, competing ferry services on the Hong Kong to Macao route were set up with the establishment of [[Stanley Ho]]'s [[Shun Tak Holdings|Shun Tak Shipping]]. The competition for the route further escalated in the mid to late 60's with the introduction of [[hydrofoil]] ferry services.<ref name="HKIH-YCLiang"/>
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=== Sinking ===
=== Sinking ===


[[File:Wreck of Fatshan.jpg|thumb|left|Wreck of ''Fatshan'' off [[Lantau Island]] taken between August and November 1971 after [[Typhoon Rose]]]]
[[File:Wreck of Fatshan.jpg|thumb|left|Wreck of ''Fatshan'' off [[Lantau Island]] taken between August and November 1971 after [[Typhoon Rose (1971)|Typhoon Rose]]]]


On 16 August 1971, ''Fatshan'' was sailing with a compliment of 92 passengers and crew when she was caught in a severe storm brought about by [[Typhoon Rose]]. The vessel was forced to anchor off [[Stonecutters Island]] due to the heavy winds.<ref name="HKMD"/> During the course of the storm, the ship's anchor was broken and it was apparently struck by several drifting ships causing ''Fatshan'' to capsize and sink about {{convert|120|m}} offshore of [[Lantau Island]] at a depth of about {{convert|6|m}} of water. 88 lives were lost as a result of the sinking.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/2181334/hong-kongs-worst-maritime-accidents-lamma-ferry |title=Hong Kong’s worst maritime accidents: from Lamma ferry crash on National Day 2012 to fire on former luxury liner Queen Elizabeth |last=Low |first=Zoe |date=9 January 2019 |website=scmp.com |publisher=South China Morning Post |access-date=23 October 2019 |quote=}}</ref> Only four people survived the sinking of ''Fatshan'' and the wreck was not discovered until the tide went out and a passing ship found floating bodies.<ref name="HKMD"/><ref name="HKUHGroup"/>
On 16 August 1971, ''Fatshan'' was sailing with a complement of 92 passengers and crew when she was caught in a severe storm brought about by [[Typhoon Rose (1971)|Typhoon Rose]]. The vessel was forced to anchor off [[Stonecutters Island]] due to the heavy winds.<ref name="HKMD"/> During the course of the storm, the ship's anchor was broken and it was apparently struck by several drifting ships causing ''Fatshan'' to capsize and sink about {{convert|120|m}} offshore of [[Lantau Island]] at a depth of about {{convert|6|m}} of water. 88 lives were lost as a result of the sinking.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/2181334/hong-kongs-worst-maritime-accidents-lamma-ferry |title=Hong Kong's worst maritime accidents: from Lamma ferry crash on National Day 2012 to fire on former luxury liner Queen Elizabeth |last=Low |first=Zoe |date=9 January 2019 |website=scmp.com |publisher=South China Morning Post |access-date=23 October 2019 }}</ref> Only four people survived the sinking of ''Fatshan'' and the wreck was not discovered until the tide went out and a passing ship found floating bodies.<ref name="HKMD"/><ref name="HKUHGroup"/>


Salvage rights were sold to Lai Man Yau in September of 1971 and operations to raise ''Fatshan'' took place over the course of around three months following the disaster.<ref name="HKUHGroup"/><ref name="WikiSwire"/>
Salvage rights were sold to Lai Man Yau in September 1971 and operations to raise ''Fatshan'' took place over the course of around three months following the disaster.<ref name="HKUHGroup"/><ref name="WikiSwire"/>


== See also ==
== See also ==
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{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


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{{1971 shipwrecks}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fatshan (1933)}}
[[Category:1933 ships]]
[[Category:1933 ships]]
[[Category:Cargo ships]]
[[Category:Troop ships]]
[[Category:Troop ships]]
[[Category:Troop ships of Japan]]
[[Category:Troop ships of Japan]]
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[[Category:Ships of the Imperial Japanese Navy]]
[[Category:Ships of the Imperial Japanese Navy]]
[[Category:World War II naval ships of Japan]]
[[Category:World War II naval ships of Japan]]
[[Category:Ships of Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks of Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks of Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Ships of Japan]]
[[Category:Cargo ships of Japan]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1971]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1971]]
[[Category:Steamships of Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Steamships of Hong Kong]]
[[Category:World War II ships of Hong Kong]]
[[Category:World War II merchant ships of Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Ships built by the Taikoo Dockyard and Engineering Company]]

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{{1971 shipwrecks}}

Latest revision as of 16:20, 2 December 2024

For other ships with the same name, see SS Fatshan.
Fatshan sailing under the Swire flag of the China Navigation Company and British Hong Kong likely taken between 1933 and 1941
History
Hong Kong
NameFatshan
NamesakeCity of Fatshan (now Foshan), Canton Province
BuilderTaikoo Dockyard and Engineering Company, Hong Kong
Yard number262[1]
Launched1933[2]
Sponsored byChina Navigation Company
FateCaptured by Imperial Japanese Army in December 1941 after the Battle of Hong Kong.
Empire of Japan
NameNankai-201
OperatorInland River Operations Company
BuilderTaikoo Dockyard and Engineering Company
AcquiredDecember 1941
Commissioned1941
FateRequisitioned by IJN as troop and supply transport, renamed as Koto Maru
Empire of Japan
NameKoto Maru
OperatorImperial Japanese Navy
BuilderTaikoo Dockyard and Engineering Company
Acquired1942
Commissioned1942
Stricken1945
FateReturned to China Navigation Company in August 1945
Hong Kong
NameSS Fatshan
Owner
BuilderTaikoo Dockyard and Engineering Company
AcquiredAugust 1945
Commissioned1951
Decommissioned1971
Stricken1971
Identification
  • ID/IMO No. 5112846[4]
  • UKHO Wreck No. 46616[5]
FateSank on 16 August 1971 during Typhoon Rose[6]
General characteristics (as Fatshan)
Class and typeSteam powered ferry
Tonnage
Length241 ft (73.5 m)[1][4]
Beam45.5 ft (13.9 m)[1][4]
Depth11 ft (3.4 m)[1][4]
Installed power71 nhp. 2,600 ihp (1,900 kW)[1][4]
PropulsionTriple expansion steam engine[1][4]
Speed13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph)
Boats & landing
craft carried
  • Lifeboat: 54 persons
  • Raft: 550 persons
Capacity
  • 39 first class
  • 23 cabin class
  • 60 steerage
  • 1,261 unberthed

SS Fatshan (Chinese: 佛山輪[3]) was a passenger ferry steamer which sank in stormy seas off Lantau Island during Typhoon Rose resulting in the loss of 88 lives.[8][5]

Construction and commissioning

[edit]

Fatshan was ordered by the China Navigation Company as a replacement for the previous Fatshan to take up its relevant duties on the ferry service between Hong Kong and Canton after 45 years of service.[1][4]

The ship was built at the Taikoo Dockyard's lot 262 by the Taikoo Dockyard and Engineering Company, delivered to China Navigation Company in 1933. She was powered by a four-cylinder triple expansion steam engine producing 71 nhp and displacing 2,639 gross register tons.[1][4]

Hong Kong Canton route with the China Navigation Company

[edit]

In December 1939, Fatshan was underway under the command of Captain Whyte en route to Canton from Hong Kong when the steamer struck a submerged object which tore a large hole into the ship's hull near the engine room. Captain Whyte managed to beach the steamer on nearby Japanese-occupied Lin Tin Island, avoiding its sinking. A passing British warship, HMS Tarantula of the China Station came to the ship's rescue, transferring around 1,800 passengers and their baggage onto the gunboat.[9] The passengers were later transferred from the warship onto SS Kinshan of the HongKong Canton & Macao Steamboat Company.[10]

In August 1940, Fatshan was detained by Japanese authorities over Swire's refusal to pay piloting fees. The detention led to a brief diplomatic incident between British and Japanese colonial authorities before the ship was finally released in April 1941.[11]

In December 1941, Fatshan was captured by the Imperial Japanese Army after their victory in the Battle of Hong Kong and renamed as Nankai-201.[1][4]

Japanese service

[edit]

During Japanese rule of Hong Kong and until around 1942, Nankai-201 continued operating as a ferry service between Hong Kong and Canton, likely with the Inland River Operations Company. In 1942, the ship was renamed as Koto Maru and began carrying out duties including troop and supply transport in the region for the Imperial Japanese Navy.[12]

On 9 August 1944, Koto Maru was spotted and reported on by agents of the British Army Aid Group as part of their Naval Section's Kweilin Intelligence Summary No. 70. The ship was recorded as having arrived at Hong Kong around 18 July from Canton and had been laid up for repairs at the Taikoo Dockyard for repairs to its stern, hull, propeller, and rudder for discharge on around 1 September. The vessel was recorded as having a light grey colour scheme with armament modifications including an anti-aircraft machine gun on the bridge and was crewed by 4 Japanese, 30 Chinese and 6 Indian sailors.[12][13]

An earlier sketch of Koto Maru from September 1944 indicated that there was no significant changes to the ship's peacetime configuration aside from the colour scheme and light armament.[14]

Resumed Hong Kong Canton route with the China Navigation Company

[edit]

In August 1945 with the reestablishment of British rule in Hong Kong, Fatshan was returned to the China Navigation Company.[3]

In January 1949, Fatshan participated in the opening of the Pearl River's Elliot Passage carrying the British delegation to officiate the ceremony.[1] In May 1950, the Communist government passed legislation barring foreign vessels from calling at Canton. As a result, Fatshan was moved to the Hong Kong Macao route.[1]

Hong Kong Macao route with the Man On Shipping and Navigation Company

[edit]

In May 1951, Fatshan was acquired by Sir Tsun-Nin Chau for the Man On Shipping and Navigation Company.[15] At the time, Fatshan was one of the main ferry boats operating the Hong Kong to Macao route, the others being MV Tai Loy and SS Tak Shing.[3]

Hong Kong Macao route with the Yu On Shipping Company

[edit]

In July 1951, Fatshan was acquired from Man On by the newly formed Yu On Shipping Company (裕安輪船). Yu On had been founded in that same year by Yuen-Cheong Liang, Ho Yin, and Ho Tim. YC Liang had previously made use of Fatshan in 1945 when he was charged with ferrying relief supplies to Hong Kong from Macao after the end of World War II.[3]

By 1961, competing ferry services on the Hong Kong to Macao route were set up with the establishment of Stanley Ho's Shun Tak Shipping. The competition for the route further escalated in the mid to late 60's with the introduction of hydrofoil ferry services.[3]

Hong Kong Macao route with the Tai Tak Hing Shipping Company

[edit]

In 1968, Stanley Ho's Tai Tak Hing Shipping Company, a Shun Tak subsidiary, acquired Fatshan together with SS Tai Loi from Yu On and continued sailing the vessel on the Hong Kong Macao route.[3]

Sinking

[edit]
Wreck of Fatshan off Lantau Island taken between August and November 1971 after Typhoon Rose

On 16 August 1971, Fatshan was sailing with a complement of 92 passengers and crew when she was caught in a severe storm brought about by Typhoon Rose. The vessel was forced to anchor off Stonecutters Island due to the heavy winds.[8] During the course of the storm, the ship's anchor was broken and it was apparently struck by several drifting ships causing Fatshan to capsize and sink about 120 metres (390 ft) offshore of Lantau Island at a depth of about 6 metres (20 ft) of water. 88 lives were lost as a result of the sinking.[16] Only four people survived the sinking of Fatshan and the wreck was not discovered until the tide went out and a passing ship found floating bodies.[8][5]

Salvage rights were sold to Lai Man Yau in September 1971 and operations to raise Fatshan took place over the course of around three months following the disaster.[5][1]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Fatshan II". wikiswire.com. WikiSwire. 12 February 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  2. ^ Fairplay Weekly Shipping Journal. Vol. 130. London: Fairplay Publications Limited. 1934. p. 36.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Lo, York (5 February 2018). "Y.C. Liang and HK Macao Hydrofoil". industrialhistoryhk.org. The Industrial History of Hong Kong Group. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i "SS Fatshan [+1971]". wrecksite.eu. WreckSite. 28 August 2008. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  5. ^ a b c d "852148: FATSHAN". hkuhgroup.com. Hong Kong Underwater Heritage Group. 27 July 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  6. ^ "Factbox: the deadliest accidents in HK in the last 40 years". scmp.com. South China Morning Post. 2 October 2012. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  7. ^ "The Fleets: China Navigation Company". theshipslist.com. TheShipsList. 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  8. ^ a b c Lau, Chi-pang (2019). "Major marine incidents since 1951". mardep.gov.hk. Hong Kong Marine Department. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  9. ^ "Sinking Steamer: Passengers' Experience". No. LXVI - No. 20, 114 (Print ed.). Gisborne: The Gisborne Herald. 7 December 1939. p. 4. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
  10. ^ Lettens, Jan (18 November 2014). "Kinshan SS (1903~1942)". wrecksite.eu. WreckSite.
  11. ^ Wong, Kenneth Kwan-kin (2019). "The port before and during the war". mardep.gov.hk. Hong Kong Marine Department. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  12. ^ a b Kweilin Intelligence Summary No. 70 (Report). Ishan, Kwangsi Province: British Army Aid Group, Naval Section. 13 October 1944. Retrieved 23 October 2019 – via Ride, Elizabeth: The Industrial History of Hong Kong Group.
  13. ^ Hackett, Bob (2016). "History of the IJN's No. 2 Naval Working Department at Britain's Crown Colony of Hong Kong". combinedfleet.com. Combined Fleet. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  14. ^ Ride, Elizabeth (2 April 2019). "BAAG Report KWIZ #66 Naval Reports – information about Taikoo, Aberdeen, Kowloon & Cosmopolitan dockyards". industrialhistoryhk.org. The Industrial History of Hong Kong Group. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  15. ^ Ride, Elizabeth (26 November 2016). "BAAG records of shipping in HK during 1944-45 – the Koto Maru ex S.S. Fatshan, built at Taikoo Docks". industrialhistoryhk.org. The Industrial History of Hong Kong Group. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  16. ^ Low, Zoe (9 January 2019). "Hong Kong's worst maritime accidents: from Lamma ferry crash on National Day 2012 to fire on former luxury liner Queen Elizabeth". scmp.com. South China Morning Post. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
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