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|image_size=
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|caption= Cartwright in August 2007
|caption= "Hoss" Cartwright in August 2007
|nickname= "Hoss"<ref name=WH_PressRelease_20070628>{{cite web|access-date=August 28, 2008|url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2007/06/20070628-1.html|author=Bush, President George W.|title=President Bush Nominates Admiral Michael Mullen and General James Cartwright to Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff|publisher=Office of the Press Secretary, The White House|date=June 28, 2007|author-link=George W. Bush}}</ref>
|nickname= "Hoss"<ref name=WH_PressRelease_20070628>{{cite web|access-date=August 28, 2008|url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2007/06/20070628-1.html|author=Bush, President George W.|title=President Bush Nominates Admiral Michael Mullen and General James Cartwright to Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff|publisher=Office of the Press Secretary, The White House|date=June 28, 2007|author-link=George W. Bush}}</ref>
|birth_date= {{birth date and age|1949|9|22}}
|birth_date= {{birth date and age|1949|9|22}}
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'''James Edward "Hoss" Cartwright'''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.justice.gov/pardon/obama-pardons#PJAN172017 |title=Pardons Granted by President Barack Obama (2009-2014) {{!}} PARDON {{!}} Department of Justice |website=www.justice.gov |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221132806/http://www.justice.gov/pardon/obama-pardons |archive-date=2015-02-21}}</ref> (born September 22, 1949) is a retired [[United States Marine Corps]] four-star [[General (United States)|general]] who last served as the eighth [[vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff]] from August 31, 2007, to August 3, 2011. He previously served as the Commander, [[United States Strategic Command|U.S. Strategic Command]], from September 1, 2004, to August 10, 2007, and as Acting Commander, U.S. Strategic Command from July 9, 2004, to September 1, 2004. He retired from the Marine Corps on August 3, 2011, after nearly 40 years of service.
'''James Edward "Hoss" Cartwright'''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.justice.gov/pardon/obama-pardons#PJAN172017 |title=Pardons Granted by President Barack Obama (2009-2014) {{!}} PARDON {{!}} Department of Justice |website=www.justice.gov |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221132806/http://www.justice.gov/pardon/obama-pardons |archive-date=2015-02-21}}</ref> (born September 22, 1949) is a retired [[United States Marine Corps]] [[General (United States)|general]] who last served as the eighth [[vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff]] from August 31, 2007, to August 3, 2011. He previously served as the Commander, [[United States Strategic Command|U.S. Strategic Command]], from September 1, 2004, to August 10, 2007, and as Acting Commander, U.S. Strategic Command from July 9, 2004, to September 1, 2004. He retired from the Marine Corps on August 3, 2011, after nearly 40 years of service.


Cartwright was accused of providing classified information that was published in the book ''Confront and Conceal'' by [[David E. Sanger|David Sanger]].<ref name="CBS171016">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/17/us/politics/obama-pardons-james-cartwright-general-who-lied-to-fbi-in-leak-case.html|title=Obama Pardons James Cartwright, General Who Lied to F.B.I. in Leak Case|last=Savage|first=Charlie|date=January 17, 2017|website=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=17 October 2016}}</ref> During the course of the investigation, Cartwright agreed to be interviewed by the FBI without a lawyer present.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The perfect weapon : war, sabotage, and fear in the cyber age|last=Sanger|first=David E.|isbn=9780451497895|edition= First|location=New York|oclc=1039082430}}</ref> He was indicted for lying to the FBI regarding the time and locations of meetings with Sanger.<ref name=":0" /> Cartwright was never charged with leaking any classified information; Sanger maintains that Cartwright did not provide him with any classified material.<ref name=":0" /> On October 17, 2016, he pleaded guilty to lying to the FBI regarding an investigation into the source of leaked classified information. He had been scheduled to be sentenced on January 31, 2017,<ref name="Politico">{{cite web|last1=Gerstein|first1=Josh|title=Journalists' letters submitted in Cartwright leniency bid|website=[[Politico]]|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/01/journalists-letters-cartwright-leniency-bid-233443|date=January 10, 2017|access-date=January 10, 2017}}</ref> but was pardoned and had his security clearance restored<ref name=":0" /> by [[President of the United States|President]] [[Barack Obama]] on January 17, 2017.<ref name="The Hill">{{cite web|last1=Williams|first1=Katie Bo|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|title=Obama pardons James Cartwright in leak case|url=http://thehill.com/policy/national-security/314674-obama-pardons-james-cartwright-in-leak-case|date=January 17, 2017|access-date=January 17, 2017}}</ref>
Cartwright was accused of providing classified information that was published in the book ''[[Confront and Conceal]]'' by [[David E. Sanger|David Sanger]].<ref name="CBS171016">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/17/us/politics/obama-pardons-james-cartwright-general-who-lied-to-fbi-in-leak-case.html|title=Obama Pardons James Cartwright, General Who Lied to F.B.I. in Leak Case|last=Savage|first=Charlie|date=January 17, 2017|website=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=17 October 2016}}</ref> During the course of the investigation, Cartwright agreed to be interviewed by the FBI without a lawyer present.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The perfect weapon : war, sabotage, and fear in the cyber age|last=Sanger|first=David E.|isbn=9780451497895|edition= First|location=New York|oclc=1039082430}}</ref> He was indicted for lying to the FBI regarding the time and locations of meetings with Sanger.<ref name=":0" /> Cartwright was never charged with leaking any classified information; Sanger maintains that Cartwright did not provide him with any classified material.<ref name=":0" /> On October 17, 2016, he pleaded guilty to lying to the FBI regarding an investigation into the source of leaked classified information. He had been scheduled to be sentenced on January 31, 2017,<ref name="Politico">{{cite web|last1=Gerstein|first1=Josh|title=Journalists' letters submitted in Cartwright leniency bid|website=[[Politico]]|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/01/journalists-letters-cartwright-leniency-bid-233443|date=January 10, 2017|access-date=January 10, 2017}}</ref> but was pardoned and had his security clearance restored<ref name=":0" /> by [[President of the United States|President]] [[Barack Obama]] on January 17, 2017.<ref name="The Hill">{{cite web|last1=Williams|first1=Katie Bo|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|title=Obama pardons James Cartwright in leak case|url=https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/314674-obama-pardons-james-cartwright-in-leak-case/|date=January 17, 2017|access-date=January 17, 2017}}</ref>


==Early life and education==
==Early life and education==
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Cartwright's staff assignments include: Director for Force Structure, Resources and Assessment, J-8 the Joint Staff (2002–2004); Directorate for Force Structure, Resources and Assessment, J-8 the Joint Staff (1996–1999); Deputy Aviation Plans, Policy, and Budgets Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps (1993–1994); Assistant Program Manager for Engineering, F/A-18 Naval Air Systems Command (1986–1989).<ref name="DoD_bio"/>
Cartwright's staff assignments include: Director for Force Structure, Resources and Assessment, J-8 the Joint Staff (2002–2004); Directorate for Force Structure, Resources and Assessment, J-8 the Joint Staff (1996–1999); Deputy Aviation Plans, Policy, and Budgets Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps (1993–1994); Assistant Program Manager for Engineering, F/A-18 Naval Air Systems Command (1986–1989).<ref name="DoD_bio"/>


Cartwright was named the Outstanding Carrier Aviator by the Association of Naval Aviation in 1983. He graduated with distinction from the [[Air Command and Staff College]], [[Maxwell AFB]] 1986, and received his Master of Arts in [[National Security]] and [[Strategic Studies]] from the [[Naval War College]], [[Newport, Rhode Island]], 1991. In 2008, he was honored with the [[Naval War College Distinguished Graduate Leadership Award]]. He was selected for and completed a fellowship with [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] in 1994.<ref name="DoD_bio"/>
Cartwright was named the Outstanding Carrier Aviator by the Association of Naval Aviation in 1983. He graduated with distinction from the [[Air Command and Staff College]], [[Maxwell AFB]] 1986, and received his Master of Arts in [[National Security]] and [[Strategic Studies]] from the [[Naval War College]], [[Newport, Rhode Island]], 1991. In 2008, he was honored with the [[Naval War College Distinguished Graduate Leadership Award]]. He was selected for and completed a fellowship with [[MIT Seminar XXI]] in 1994.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://semxxi.mit.edu/about/messages/from-the-director |title=From the Director: September, 2015 |last=Art |first=Robert |date=September 1, 2015 |website=MIT Seminar XXI |publisher=[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]}}; {{cite web |author=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|url=https://semxxi.mit.edu/alumni |title=Find Alumni |website=MIT Seminar XXI |publisher=[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]}}</ref>


From July 9, 2004, to September 1, 2004, Lieutenant General Cartwight served as Acting Commander, [[United States Strategic Command]] while awaiting official assumption of office and promotion as Strategic Command's new commander. On September 1, 2004, Cartwright was sworn in as Commander, United States Strategic Command.<ref name="stratcom-bio">{{cite web
From July 9, 2004, to September 1, 2004, Lieutenant General Cartwight served as Acting Commander, [[United States Strategic Command]] while awaiting official assumption of office and promotion as Strategic Command's new commander. On September 1, 2004, Cartwright was sworn in as Commander, United States Strategic Command.<ref name="stratcom-bio">{{cite web
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The military investigated Cartwright in 2009 and 2010 for possible misconduct involving a female Marine captain, and investigators recommended administrative action for "failure to discipline a subordinate" and "fostering an unduly familiar relationship". [[Secretary of the Navy]] [[Ray Mabus]], however, reviewed the evidence and found it insufficient to warrant corrective action for even the lesser offenses. He stated, "I do not agree with the conclusion that General Cartwright maintained an 'unduly familiar relationship' with his aide. Nor do I agree that General Cartwright's execution of his leadership responsibilities vis-à-vis his aide or any other member of his staff was inconsistent with the leadership requirements".<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/24/us/politics/24pentagon.html | work=The New York Times | first=Thom | last=Shanker | title=General James Cartwright Is Cleared of Sex Accusations | date=February 23, 2011}}</ref> Questions about how he oversaw his staff, however, were mentioned as a reason Cartwright had fallen out as the favored candidate of President Obama for [[Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff]] in 2011. Army chief Gen. [[Martin Dempsey]] was named to the post. "Some Republicans [had] ... quietly criticized Gen. Cartwright, calling him 'Obama's general,'" one report at the time also said.<ref>Entous, Adam, [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303745304576355321237338548 "Top Officer in Army to Lead Joint Chiefs"], ''The Wall Street Journal'', May 31, 2011. Retrieved May 31, 2011.</ref>
The military investigated Cartwright in 2009 and 2010 for possible misconduct involving a female Marine captain, and investigators recommended administrative action for "failure to discipline a subordinate" and "fostering an unduly familiar relationship". [[Secretary of the Navy]] [[Ray Mabus]], however, reviewed the evidence and found it insufficient to warrant corrective action for even the lesser offenses. He stated, "I do not agree with the conclusion that General Cartwright maintained an 'unduly familiar relationship' with his aide. Nor do I agree that General Cartwright's execution of his leadership responsibilities vis-à-vis his aide or any other member of his staff was inconsistent with the leadership requirements".<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/24/us/politics/24pentagon.html | work=The New York Times | first=Thom | last=Shanker | title=General James Cartwright Is Cleared of Sex Accusations | date=February 23, 2011}}</ref> Questions about how he oversaw his staff, however, were mentioned as a reason Cartwright had fallen out as the favored candidate of President Obama for [[Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff]] in 2011. Army chief Gen. [[Martin Dempsey]] was named to the post. "Some Republicans [had] ... quietly criticized Gen. Cartwright, calling him 'Obama's general,'" one report at the time also said.<ref>Entous, Adam, [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303745304576355321237338548 "Top Officer in Army to Lead Joint Chiefs"], ''The Wall Street Journal'', May 31, 2011. Retrieved May 31, 2011.</ref>


Cartwright held his retirement ceremony on August 3, 2011. During the ceremony, Deputy Secretary of Defense [[William J. Lynn III]] presented Cartwright his fourth [[Defense Distinguished Service Medal]]. He also will receive the [[Army Distinguished Service Medal|Army]], [[Navy Distinguished Service Medal|Navy]], [[Air Force Distinguished Service Medal|Air Force]], and [[Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal|Coast Guard]] distinguished service medals.<ref>[http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=64913 "Panetta Honors Cartwright During Farewell Tribute"] American Forces Press Service, Aug. 3, 2011, Retrieved March 26, 2012.</ref>
Cartwright held his retirement ceremony on August 3, 2011. During the ceremony, Deputy Secretary of Defense [[William J. Lynn III]] presented Cartwright his fourth [[Defense Distinguished Service Medal]]. He also received the [[Army Distinguished Service Medal|Army]], [[Navy Distinguished Service Medal|Navy]], [[Air Force Distinguished Service Medal|Air Force]], and [[Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal|Coast Guard]] distinguished service medals.<ref>[http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=64913 "Panetta Honors Cartwright During Farewell Tribute"] American Forces Press Service, Aug. 3, 2011, Retrieved March 26, 2012.</ref>


==Dates of rank==
==Dates of rank==
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In June 2013, it was reported that Cartwright had received a [[target letter]] from the [[U.S. Justice Department]], informing him that he was under investigation for leaking [[Classified information in the United States|classified information]] about [[Stuxnet]], a [[computer virus]] used in a U.S.-Israel [[cyberattack]] against centrifuges in [[Nuclear program of Iran|Iranian nuclear facilities]] (see [[Operation Olympic Games]]).<ref>{{cite web|last=Isikoff|first=Michael|title=Ex-Pentagon general target of leak investigation, sources say|url=http://investigations.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/06/27/19174350-ex-pentagon-general-target-of-leak-investigation-sources-say?lite|work=NBC News|access-date=19 October 2013|date=27 June 2013}}</ref> Federal investigators reportedly suspected that Cartwright leaked details of the operation to a ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]'' reporter.<ref name="Nakashima">Ellen Nakashima & Adam Goldman, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/leak-investigation-stalls-amid-fears-of-confirming-joint-us-israel-operation/2015/03/10/2a348b1e-c36c-11e4-9ec2-b418f57a4a99_story.html Leak investigation stalls amid fears of confirming U.S.-Israel operation], ''Washington Post'' (March 10, 2015).</ref>
In June 2013, it was reported that Cartwright had received a [[target letter]] from the [[U.S. Justice Department]], informing him that he was under investigation for leaking [[Classified information in the United States|classified information]] about [[Stuxnet]], a [[computer virus]] used in a U.S.-Israel [[cyberattack]] against centrifuges in [[Nuclear program of Iran|Iranian nuclear facilities]] (see [[Operation Olympic Games]]).<ref>{{cite web|last=Isikoff|first=Michael|title=Ex-Pentagon general target of leak investigation, sources say|url=http://investigations.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/06/27/19174350-ex-pentagon-general-target-of-leak-investigation-sources-say?lite|work=NBC News|access-date=19 October 2013|date=27 June 2013}}</ref> Federal investigators reportedly suspected that Cartwright leaked details of the operation to a ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]'' reporter.<ref name="Nakashima">Ellen Nakashima & Adam Goldman, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/leak-investigation-stalls-amid-fears-of-confirming-joint-us-israel-operation/2015/03/10/2a348b1e-c36c-11e4-9ec2-b418f57a4a99_story.html Leak investigation stalls amid fears of confirming U.S.-Israel operation], ''Washington Post'' (March 10, 2015).</ref>


In March 2015, the ''Washington Post'' reported that the sensitive leak investigation, led by [[Rod J. Rosenstein]], had "stalled amid concerns that a prosecution in federal court could force the government to confirm" information about the highly classified program.<ref name="Nakashima"/> U.S. officials feared that if classified information were revealed in any information, it would harm U.S.-Israeli relations and would also complicate the then-pending negotiations on an [[Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action|agreement with Iran over the nuclear program]].<ref name="Nakashima"/> It was reported that federal prosecutors had discussions with the [[Office of White House Counsel]], then led by [[Kathryn Ruemmler]], on whether certain material important to the case would be declassified, and Ruemmler conveyed that the government was unwilling to provide the documentation.<ref name="Nakashima"/>
In March 2015, the ''Washington Post'' reported that the sensitive leak investigation, led by [[Rod Rosenstein]], had "stalled amid concerns that a prosecution in federal court could force the government to confirm" information about the highly classified program.<ref name="Nakashima"/> U.S. officials feared that if classified information were revealed in any information, it would harm U.S.-Israeli relations and would also complicate the then-pending negotiations on an [[Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action|agreement with Iran over the nuclear program]].<ref name="Nakashima"/> It was reported that federal prosecutors had discussions with the [[Office of White House Counsel]], then led by [[Kathryn Ruemmler]], on whether certain material important to the case would be declassified, and Ruemmler conveyed that the government was unwilling to provide the documentation.<ref name="Nakashima"/>


Cartwright denied any wrongdoing; his attorney, [[Gregory B. Craig]], said in March 2015 that Cartwright had no contact with federal investigators for over a year.<ref name="Nakashima"/> Craig stated: "General Cartwright has done nothing wrong. He has devoted his entire life to defending the United States. He would never do anything to weaken our national defense or undermine our national security. Hoss Cartwright is a national treasure, a genuine hero and a great patriot."<ref name="Nakashima"/>
Cartwright denied any wrongdoing; his attorney, [[Gregory B. Craig]], said in March 2015 that Cartwright had no contact with federal investigators for over a year.<ref name="Nakashima"/> Craig stated: "General Cartwright has done nothing wrong. He has devoted his entire life to defending the United States. He would never do anything to weaken our national defense or undermine our national security. Hoss Cartwright is a national treasure, a genuine hero and a great patriot."<ref name="Nakashima"/>
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==Post-retirement work==
==Post-retirement work==
Cartwright was the inaugural holder of the Harold Brown Chair in Defense Policy Studies at the [[Center for Strategic and International Studies]], a think tank{{snd}}a post he held from 2011 until 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.csis.org/programs/international-security-program/harold-brown-chair|title = Harold Brown Chair &#124; Center for Strategic and International Studies}}</ref> In addition, Cartwright serves as a member of the board of directors of [[Raytheon|The Raytheon Company]],<ref>{{cite web|title=James E. Cartwright Elected to Raytheon Board of Directors|url=http://raytheon.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=2027|work=Raytheon|access-date=19 October 2013|date=27 January 2012}}</ref> a senior fellow at the [[Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs]] at [[Harvard Kennedy School]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=James|title=Former Joint Chiefs Vice Chairman James Cartwright Appointed Senior Fellow at Harvard Kennedy School's Belfer Center|url=http://www.hks.harvard.edu/news-events/news/press-releases/cartwright-belfer-center-fellow|work=Harvard Kennedy School|access-date=19 October 2013|date=2 October 2012}}</ref> and as a defense consultant for [[ABC News]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Ford|first=David|title=General Cartwright (USMC ret.) and General Chiarelli (USA ret.) Join ABC News|url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/headlines/2012/05/general-cartwright-usmc-ret-and-general-chiarelli-usa-ret-join-abc-news/|work=ABC News|access-date=19 October 2013|date=21 May 2012}}</ref>
Cartwright was the inaugural holder of the Harold Brown Chair in Defense Policy Studies at the [[Center for Strategic and International Studies]], a think tank{{snd}}a post he held from 2011 until 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.csis.org/programs/international-security-program/harold-brown-chair|title = Harold Brown Chair &#124; Center for Strategic and International Studies}}</ref> In addition, Cartwright serves as a member of the board of directors of [[Raytheon|The Raytheon Company]],<ref>{{cite web|title=James E. Cartwright Elected to Raytheon Board of Directors|url=http://raytheon.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=2027|work=Raytheon|access-date=19 October 2013|date=27 January 2012}}</ref> a senior fellow at the [[Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs]] at [[Harvard Kennedy School]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=James|title=Former Joint Chiefs Vice Chairman James Cartwright Appointed Senior Fellow at Harvard Kennedy School's Belfer Center|url=http://www.hks.harvard.edu/news-events/news/press-releases/cartwright-belfer-center-fellow|work=Harvard Kennedy School|access-date=19 October 2013|date=2 October 2012|archive-date=July 6, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706043444/https://www.hks.harvard.edu/news-events/news/press-releases/cartwright-belfer-center-fellow|url-status=dead}}</ref> and as a defense consultant for [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Ford|first=David|title=General Cartwright (USMC ret.) and General Chiarelli (USA ret.) Join ABC News|url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/headlines/2012/05/general-cartwright-usmc-ret-and-general-chiarelli-usa-ret-join-abc-news/|work=ABC News|access-date=19 October 2013|date=21 May 2012}}</ref>


Cartwright is an advisor for several corporate entities involved in global management consulting, technology services and program solutions, predictive and [[big data]] analytics, and advanced systems engineering, integration, and decision-support services.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}}{{Buzzword inline|date=December 2020}} He serves as an advisor to the board of directors for [[Accenture]],{{citation needed|date=March 2017}} [[Enlightenment Capital]],{{citation needed|date=March 2017}} [[IxReveal]],{{citation needed|date=March 2017}} [[Logos Technologies]],{{citation needed|date=March 2017}} Opera Solutions,{{citation needed|date=March 2017}} and [[TASC Inc.]]{{citation needed|date=March 2017}} He is also affiliated with a number of professional organizations, including the [[Aspen Strategy Group]],{{citation needed|date=March 2017}} [https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/ The Atlantic Council],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/about/board-of-directors/|title=Board of Directors|website=Atlantic Council|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-11}}</ref> the [[Nuclear Threat Initiative]],{{citation needed|date=March 2017}} and the Sanya Initiative.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}}
Cartwright is an advisor for several corporate entities involved in global management consulting, technology services and program solutions, predictive and [[big data]] analytics, and advanced systems engineering, integration, and decision-support services.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}}{{Buzzword inline|date=December 2020}} He serves as an advisor to the board of directors for [[Accenture]],{{citation needed|date=March 2017}} [[Enlightenment Capital]],{{citation needed|date=March 2017}} [[IxReveal]],{{citation needed|date=March 2017}} [[Logos Technologies]],{{citation needed|date=March 2017}} Opera Solutions,{{citation needed|date=March 2017}} and [[TASC Inc.]]{{citation needed|date=March 2017}} He is also affiliated with a number of professional organizations, including the [[Aspen Strategy Group]],{{citation needed|date=March 2017}} [https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/ The Atlantic Council],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/about/board-of-directors/|title=Board of Directors|website=Atlantic Council|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-11}}</ref> the [[Nuclear Threat Initiative]],{{citation needed|date=March 2017}} and the Sanya Initiative.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}}


Cartwright is also a leading advocate for the phased and verified elimination of all nuclear weapons worldwide<ref>{{cite news|last=Shanker|first=Thom|title=Former Commander of U.S. Nuclear Forces Calls for Large Cut in Warheads|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/16/world/cartwright-key-retired-general-backs-large-us-nuclear-reduction.html?_r=3&|access-date=19 October 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=15 May 2012}}</ref> ("[[Global Zero (campaign)]]"). In October 2011, he spoke at the Global Zero Summit at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in Simi Valley, California,<ref>{{cite news|last=Willer-Allred|first=Michele|title=Global Zero Summit pushes to reduce nuclear weapons|url=http://www.vcstar.com/news/2011/oct/11/global-zero-summit-pushes-to-reduce-nuclear/|access-date=19 October 2013|newspaper=Ventura County Star|date=11 October 2011}}</ref> and currently serves as Chair of the Global Zero U.S. Nuclear Policy Commission, which in May 2012 released its report, [https://web.archive.org/web/20120721002740/http://www.globalzero.org/en/us-nuclear-policy-commission-report "Modernizing U.S. Nuclear Force Structure and Policy,"] calling for the United States and Russia to reduce their nuclear arsenals 80% to 900 total weapons each, which would pave the way to bringing other nuclear weapons countries into the first-in-history multilateral nuclear arms negotiations.<ref>{{cite web|title=Towards a More Disarmed World|url=https://www.ft.com/content/dadd0bb4-9e8d-11e1-a767-00144feabdc0|work=FT.com|publisher=The Financial Times|access-date=19 October 2013|date=15 May 2012}}</ref>
Cartwright is also a leading advocate for the phased and verified elimination of all nuclear weapons worldwide<ref>{{cite news|last=Shanker|first=Thom|title=Former Commander of U.S. Nuclear Forces Calls for Large Cut in Warheads|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/16/world/cartwright-key-retired-general-backs-large-us-nuclear-reduction.html?_r=3&|access-date=19 October 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=15 May 2012}}</ref> ("[[Global Zero (campaign)]]"). In October 2011, he spoke at the Global Zero Summit at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in Simi Valley, California,<ref>{{cite news|last=Willer-Allred|first=Michele|title=Global Zero Summit pushes to reduce nuclear weapons|url=http://www.vcstar.com/news/2011/oct/11/global-zero-summit-pushes-to-reduce-nuclear/|access-date=19 October 2013|newspaper=Ventura County Star|date=11 October 2011|archive-date=December 20, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111220065343/http://www.vcstar.com/news/2011/oct/11/global-zero-summit-pushes-to-reduce-nuclear/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and currently serves as Chair of the Global Zero U.S. Nuclear Policy Commission, which in May 2012 released its report, [https://web.archive.org/web/20120721002740/http://www.globalzero.org/en/us-nuclear-policy-commission-report "Modernizing U.S. Nuclear Force Structure and Policy,"] calling for the United States and Russia to reduce their nuclear arsenals 80% to 900 total weapons each, which would pave the way to bringing other nuclear weapons countries into the first-in-history multilateral nuclear arms negotiations.<ref>{{cite web|title=Towards a More Disarmed World|url=https://www.ft.com/content/dadd0bb4-9e8d-11e1-a767-00144feabdc0|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221211231209/https://www.ft.com/content/dadd0bb4-9e8d-11e1-a767-00144feabdc0|archive-date=December 11, 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|work=FT.com|publisher=The Financial Times|access-date=19 October 2013|date=15 May 2012}}</ref>


In June 2015, Cartwright was a signatory to a public letter written by a bipartisan group of 19 U.S. diplomats, experts, and others, on the then-pending negotiations for an [[Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action|agreement between Iran and world powers]] over Iran's nuclear program.<ref name="BroadLetter">William J. Broad, [https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/15/world/middleeast/iran-nuclear-accords-complexity-shows-bipartisan-letters-impact.html Iran Accord's Complexity Shows Impact of Bipartisan Letter], ''The New York Times'' (14 July 2015).</ref><ref name="JuneLetter">[http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/public-statement-on-u.s.-policy-toward-the-iran-nuclear-negotiations Public Statement on U.S. Policy Toward the Iran Nuclear Negotiations Endorsed by a Bipartisan Group of American Diplomats, Legislators, Policymakers, and Experts], Washington Institute for Near East Policy (24 June 2015).</ref> That letter outlined concerns about several provisions in the then-unfinished agreement and called for a number of improvements to strengthen the prospective agreement and win the letter-writers' support for it.<ref name="BroadLetter"/> The final agreement, concluded in July 2015, shows the influence of the letter.<ref name="BroadLetter"/> Cartwright endorsed the final agreement in August 2015, becoming one of 36 retired generals and admirals to sign an open letter in support of the agreement.<ref>[Read: An open letter from retired generals and admirals on the Iran nuclear deal], ''Washington Post'' (August 2015).{{full citation needed|date=March 2017}}</ref>{{full citation needed|date=March 2017}}
In June 2015, Cartwright was a signatory to a public letter written by a bipartisan group of 19 U.S. diplomats, experts, and others, on the then-pending negotiations for an [[Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action|agreement between Iran and world powers]] over Iran's nuclear program.<ref name="BroadLetter">William J. Broad, [https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/15/world/middleeast/iran-nuclear-accords-complexity-shows-bipartisan-letters-impact.html Iran Accord's Complexity Shows Impact of Bipartisan Letter], ''The New York Times'' (14 July 2015).</ref><ref name="JuneLetter">[http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/public-statement-on-u.s.-policy-toward-the-iran-nuclear-negotiations Public Statement on U.S. Policy Toward the Iran Nuclear Negotiations Endorsed by a Bipartisan Group of American Diplomats, Legislators, Policymakers, and Experts], Washington Institute for Near East Policy (24 June 2015).</ref> That letter outlined concerns about several provisions in the then-unfinished agreement and called for a number of improvements to strengthen the prospective agreement and win the letter-writers' support for it.<ref name="BroadLetter"/> The final agreement, concluded in July 2015, shows the influence of the letter.<ref name="BroadLetter"/> Cartwright endorsed the final agreement in August 2015, becoming one of 36 retired generals and admirals to sign an open letter in support of the agreement.<ref>[Read: An open letter from retired generals and admirals on the Iran nuclear deal], ''Washington Post'' (August 2015).{{full citation needed|date=March 2017}}</ref>{{full citation needed|date=March 2017}}
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[[Category:People pardoned by Barack Obama]]
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Latest revision as of 16:30, 2 December 2024

For other people named James Cartwright, see James Cartwright (disambiguation).

James Cartwright
"Hoss" Cartwright in August 2007
Nickname(s)"Hoss"[1]
Born (1949-09-22) September 22, 1949 (age 75)
Rockford, Illinois, United States
AllegianceUnited States
Service / branchUnited States Marine Corps
Years of service1971–2011
RankGeneral
CommandsVice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (2007–11)
United States Strategic Command (2004–07)
1st Marine Aircraft Wing (2000–02)
Marine Aircraft Group 31 (1994–96)
Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 232 (1992)
Battles / warsWar on Terror
AwardsDefense Distinguished Service Medal (4)
Navy Distinguished Service Medal
Army Distinguished Service Medal
Air Force Distinguished Service Medal
Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal
Legion of Merit (2)

James Edward "Hoss" Cartwright[2] (born September 22, 1949) is a retired United States Marine Corps general who last served as the eighth vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from August 31, 2007, to August 3, 2011. He previously served as the Commander, U.S. Strategic Command, from September 1, 2004, to August 10, 2007, and as Acting Commander, U.S. Strategic Command from July 9, 2004, to September 1, 2004. He retired from the Marine Corps on August 3, 2011, after nearly 40 years of service.

Cartwright was accused of providing classified information that was published in the book Confront and Conceal by David Sanger.[3] During the course of the investigation, Cartwright agreed to be interviewed by the FBI without a lawyer present.[4] He was indicted for lying to the FBI regarding the time and locations of meetings with Sanger.[4] Cartwright was never charged with leaking any classified information; Sanger maintains that Cartwright did not provide him with any classified material.[4] On October 17, 2016, he pleaded guilty to lying to the FBI regarding an investigation into the source of leaked classified information. He had been scheduled to be sentenced on January 31, 2017,[5] but was pardoned and had his security clearance restored[4] by President Barack Obama on January 17, 2017.[6]

Early life and education

[edit]

Cartwright was born on September 22, 1949, in Rockford, Illinois, and attended West High School before going on to the University of Iowa. While there he was a scholarship swimmer for the Iowa Hawkeyes.[1]

Career

[edit]
President George W. Bush (at lectern) announces the nominations of Cartwright (far left) and Michael Mullen (second from left) to be Vice Chairman and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, respectively, on June 28, 2007

Cartwright was commissioned a second lieutenant in the U.S. Marine Corps in November 1971. He attended Naval Flight Officer training and graduated in April 1973. He attended Naval Aviator training and graduated in January 1977. He has operational assignments as a Naval Flight Officer in the F-4, and as a pilot in the F-4, OA-4, and F/A-18.[7] His callsign comes from the fictional character Eric "Hoss" Cartwright, the middle brother on the classic 1960s TV show Bonanza, who was played by actor Dan Blocker.

Cartwright's operational assignments include: Commanding General, 1st Marine Aircraft Wing (2000–2002); Deputy Commanding General Marine Forces Atlantic (1999–2000); Commander Marine Aircraft Group 31 (1994–1996); Commander Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 232 (1992); Fixed Wing Operations Marine Aircraft Group 24 (1991); Commander Marine Aviation Logistics Squadron 12 (1989–1990); Administration Officer and Officer-In-Charge Deployed Carrier Operations VMFAT-101 (1983–1985); Aircraft Maintenance Officer VMFA-235 (1979–1982); Line Division Officer VMFA-333 USS Nimitz (1975–1977); Embarkation OIC VMFA-251 & 232 (1973–1975).[7]

Cartwright's staff assignments include: Director for Force Structure, Resources and Assessment, J-8 the Joint Staff (2002–2004); Directorate for Force Structure, Resources and Assessment, J-8 the Joint Staff (1996–1999); Deputy Aviation Plans, Policy, and Budgets Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps (1993–1994); Assistant Program Manager for Engineering, F/A-18 Naval Air Systems Command (1986–1989).[7]

Cartwright was named the Outstanding Carrier Aviator by the Association of Naval Aviation in 1983. He graduated with distinction from the Air Command and Staff College, Maxwell AFB 1986, and received his Master of Arts in National Security and Strategic Studies from the Naval War College, Newport, Rhode Island, 1991. In 2008, he was honored with the Naval War College Distinguished Graduate Leadership Award. He was selected for and completed a fellowship with MIT Seminar XXI in 1994.[8]

From July 9, 2004, to September 1, 2004, Lieutenant General Cartwight served as Acting Commander, United States Strategic Command while awaiting official assumption of office and promotion as Strategic Command's new commander. On September 1, 2004, Cartwright was sworn in as Commander, United States Strategic Command.[9] He was promoted to full general on the same day.[10]

(Jan. 28, 2009) President Barack Obama, with Gen. Norton Schwartz, Air Force chief of staff; Gen. George W. Casey, U.S. Army chief of staff; Gen. James E. Cartwright, Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Adm. Mike Mullen, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, during the President's first visit to the Pentagon as the Commander-in-Chief.
Cartwright (left) and Deputy Defense Secretary Gordon R. England watching the progress of an SM-3 anti-ballistic missile in 2008

On June 8, 2007, Defense Secretary Robert Gates recommended Cartwright to be the next Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, to replace retiring Admiral Edmund Giambastiani. President George W. Bush formally announced the nomination, with that of Admiral Michael Mullen to be Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, on June 28, 2007.[11]

Senator John Warner of Virginia, the senior Republican on the Senate Armed Services Committee, stated, "General Cartwright has an extraordinary grasp and understanding of the global posture that America must maintain in this era of new and ever-changing threats".[12]

Cartwright's nomination was confirmed by the full Senate on August 3, 2007. Due to the retirement of Admiral Giambastiani on July 27, 2007, Cartwright assumed the position immediately upon confirmation.[13] He was sworn in on August 31, 2007, as the 8th Vice Chairman.[14] On March 18, 2009, Secretary of Defense Gates announced that Cartwright had been nominated for a second term as Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs.[15] He was confirmed by the Senate on July 31, 2009.[16]

The military investigated Cartwright in 2009 and 2010 for possible misconduct involving a female Marine captain, and investigators recommended administrative action for "failure to discipline a subordinate" and "fostering an unduly familiar relationship". Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus, however, reviewed the evidence and found it insufficient to warrant corrective action for even the lesser offenses. He stated, "I do not agree with the conclusion that General Cartwright maintained an 'unduly familiar relationship' with his aide. Nor do I agree that General Cartwright's execution of his leadership responsibilities vis-à-vis his aide or any other member of his staff was inconsistent with the leadership requirements".[17] Questions about how he oversaw his staff, however, were mentioned as a reason Cartwright had fallen out as the favored candidate of President Obama for Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in 2011. Army chief Gen. Martin Dempsey was named to the post. "Some Republicans [had] ... quietly criticized Gen. Cartwright, calling him 'Obama's general,'" one report at the time also said.[18]

Cartwright held his retirement ceremony on August 3, 2011. During the ceremony, Deputy Secretary of Defense William J. Lynn III presented Cartwright his fourth Defense Distinguished Service Medal. He also received the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Coast Guard distinguished service medals.[19]

Dates of rank

[edit]
Insignia Rank Date
Second Lieutenant November 12, 1971
First Lieutenant November 1, 1973
Captain November 7, 1976
Major August 1, 1977
Lieutenant Colonel November 1, 1981
Colonel March 9, 1993
Brigadier General October 1, 1997
Major General 2001
Lieutenant General May 6, 2002
General July 21, 2004

[20]

Military awards and badges

[edit]

Cartwright received the following decorations, awards, and badges:


Bronze oak leaf cluster
Bronze oak leaf cluster
Bronze oak leaf cluster
Gold star
Gold star
Bronze oak leaf cluster
Bronze oak leaf cluster
Bronze oak leaf cluster
Bronze oak leaf cluster
Bronze star
Bronze star
Bronze star
Bronze star
Silver star
Naval Aviator insignia
Naval Flight Officer insignia 		Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge
Defense Distinguished Service Medal w/ three oak leaf clusters Navy Distinguished Service Medal Army Distinguished Service Medal Air Force Distinguished Service Medal
Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal Legion of Merit w/ one 5⁄16" Gold Star Meritorious Service Medal Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal w/ one 5⁄16" Gold Star
Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal Joint Meritorious Unit Award w/ four oak leaf clusters Navy Unit Commendation Navy Meritorious Unit Commendation w/ two 3⁄16" bronze stars
National Defense Service Medal w/ two 3⁄16" bronze stars Global War on Terrorism Service Medal Korea Defense Service Medal Navy Sea Service Deployment Ribbon w/ one 3⁄16" silver star

Leak investigation, conviction, and pardon

[edit]

In June 2013, it was reported that Cartwright had received a target letter from the U.S. Justice Department, informing him that he was under investigation for leaking classified information about Stuxnet, a computer virus used in a U.S.-Israel cyberattack against centrifuges in Iranian nuclear facilities (see Operation Olympic Games).[21] Federal investigators reportedly suspected that Cartwright leaked details of the operation to a New York Times reporter.[22]

In March 2015, the Washington Post reported that the sensitive leak investigation, led by Rod Rosenstein, had "stalled amid concerns that a prosecution in federal court could force the government to confirm" information about the highly classified program.[22] U.S. officials feared that if classified information were revealed in any information, it would harm U.S.-Israeli relations and would also complicate the then-pending negotiations on an agreement with Iran over the nuclear program.[22] It was reported that federal prosecutors had discussions with the Office of White House Counsel, then led by Kathryn Ruemmler, on whether certain material important to the case would be declassified, and Ruemmler conveyed that the government was unwilling to provide the documentation.[22]

Cartwright denied any wrongdoing; his attorney, Gregory B. Craig, said in March 2015 that Cartwright had no contact with federal investigators for over a year.[22] Craig stated: "General Cartwright has done nothing wrong. He has devoted his entire life to defending the United States. He would never do anything to weaken our national defense or undermine our national security. Hoss Cartwright is a national treasure, a genuine hero and a great patriot."[22]

On November 2, 2012, in an interview with the FBI, Cartwright denied he was the source of the leaks. On October 17, 2016, Cartwright entered a guilty plea in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia on a charge of making false statements during the leak investigation, a felony.[23]

Outgoing President Barack Obama pardoned Cartwright on January 17, 2017,[24] two weeks prior to his scheduled sentencing hearing.[6]

Post-retirement work

[edit]

Cartwright was the inaugural holder of the Harold Brown Chair in Defense Policy Studies at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, a think tank – a post he held from 2011 until 2017.[25] In addition, Cartwright serves as a member of the board of directors of The Raytheon Company,[26] a senior fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard Kennedy School,[27] and as a defense consultant for ABC News.[28]

Cartwright is an advisor for several corporate entities involved in global management consulting, technology services and program solutions, predictive and big data analytics, and advanced systems engineering, integration, and decision-support services.[citation needed][buzzword] He serves as an advisor to the board of directors for Accenture,[citation needed] Enlightenment Capital,[citation needed] IxReveal,[citation needed] Logos Technologies,[citation needed] Opera Solutions,[citation needed] and TASC Inc.[citation needed] He is also affiliated with a number of professional organizations, including the Aspen Strategy Group,[citation needed] The Atlantic Council,[29] the Nuclear Threat Initiative,[citation needed] and the Sanya Initiative.[citation needed]

Cartwright is also a leading advocate for the phased and verified elimination of all nuclear weapons worldwide[30] ("Global Zero (campaign)"). In October 2011, he spoke at the Global Zero Summit at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in Simi Valley, California,[31] and currently serves as Chair of the Global Zero U.S. Nuclear Policy Commission, which in May 2012 released its report, "Modernizing U.S. Nuclear Force Structure and Policy," calling for the United States and Russia to reduce their nuclear arsenals 80% to 900 total weapons each, which would pave the way to bringing other nuclear weapons countries into the first-in-history multilateral nuclear arms negotiations.[32]

In June 2015, Cartwright was a signatory to a public letter written by a bipartisan group of 19 U.S. diplomats, experts, and others, on the then-pending negotiations for an agreement between Iran and world powers over Iran's nuclear program.[33][34] That letter outlined concerns about several provisions in the then-unfinished agreement and called for a number of improvements to strengthen the prospective agreement and win the letter-writers' support for it.[33] The final agreement, concluded in July 2015, shows the influence of the letter.[33] Cartwright endorsed the final agreement in August 2015, becoming one of 36 retired generals and admirals to sign an open letter in support of the agreement.[35][full citation needed]

Government civilian positions
  • 2011–2013: Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee Member[36]
  • 2014: National Defense Panel, United States Institute of Peace[37]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Bush, President George W. (June 28, 2007). "President Bush Nominates Admiral Michael Mullen and General James Cartwright to Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff". Office of the Press Secretary, The White House. Retrieved August 28, 2008.
  2. ^ "Pardons Granted by President Barack Obama (2009-2014) | PARDON | Department of Justice". www.justice.gov. Archived from the original on February 21, 2015.
  3. ^ Savage, Charlie (January 17, 2017). "Obama Pardons James Cartwright, General Who Lied to F.B.I. in Leak Case". The New York Times. Retrieved October 17, 2016.
  4. ^ a b c d Sanger, David E. The perfect weapon : war, sabotage, and fear in the cyber age (First ed.). New York. ISBN 9780451497895. OCLC 1039082430.
  5. ^ Gerstein, Josh (January 10, 2017). "Journalists' letters submitted in Cartwright leniency bid". Politico. Retrieved January 10, 2017.
  6. ^ a b Williams, Katie Bo (January 17, 2017). "Obama pardons James Cartwright in leak case". The Hill. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
  7. ^ a b c "Official Biography: General James E. Cartwright, Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff". U.S. Department of Defense. Retrieved May 16, 2006.
  8. ^ Art, Robert (September 1, 2015). "From the Director: September, 2015". MIT Seminar XXI. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.; Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Find Alumni". MIT Seminar XXI. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
  9. ^ "General James E. Cartwright, Commander, U.S. Strategic Command". United States Marine Corps. August 30, 2004. Archived from the original (Official Biography) on June 14, 2006. Retrieved May 16, 2006.
  10. ^ "Public Directory of: U.S. Marine Corps General Officers & Senior Executives", U.S. Marine Corps, January 8, 2008.
  11. ^ McMichael, William H. (June 8, 2007). "Gates taps new JCS chairman, vice chair". Marine Corps Times. Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved June 9, 2007.
  12. ^ Starr, Barbara and Suzanne Malveaux (June 8, 2007). "Pace leaving as Joint Chiefs chairman". CNN. Retrieved June 9, 2007.
  13. ^ Tan, Michelle (March 18, 2009). "Mullen, Cartwright nominated for 2nd terms". Marine Corps Times. Archived from the original on April 5, 2012. Retrieved March 18, 2009.
  14. ^ U.S. Senate Legislation & Records Home Nominations Confirmed (Non-Civilian)
  15. ^ Shanker, Thom (February 23, 2011). "General James Cartwright Is Cleared of Sex Accusations". The New York Times.
  16. ^ Entous, Adam, "Top Officer in Army to Lead Joint Chiefs", The Wall Street Journal, May 31, 2011. Retrieved May 31, 2011.
  17. ^ "Panetta Honors Cartwright During Farewell Tribute" American Forces Press Service, Aug. 3, 2011, Retrieved March 26, 2012.
  18. ^ The Chairmanship of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1949-2012 (PDF) (2 ed.). Joint History Office. October 27, 2012. p. 320. ISBN 978-1480200203.
  19. ^ Isikoff, Michael (June 27, 2013). "Ex-Pentagon general target of leak investigation, sources say". NBC News. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
  20. ^ a b c d e f Ellen Nakashima & Adam Goldman, Leak investigation stalls amid fears of confirming U.S.-Israel operation, Washington Post (March 10, 2015).
  21. ^ "Former Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Pleads Guilty to Federal Felony in Leak Investigation". justice.gov. United States Government. October 17, 2016. Retrieved October 17, 2016.
  22. ^ Peter Maas (January 18, 2017). "Obama's Pardon of Gen. James Cartwright Is a New Twist in the War on Leaks". theintercept.com. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
  23. ^ "Harold Brown Chair | Center for Strategic and International Studies".
  24. ^ "James E. Cartwright Elected to Raytheon Board of Directors". Raytheon. January 27, 2012. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
  25. ^ Smith, James (October 2, 2012). "Former Joint Chiefs Vice Chairman James Cartwright Appointed Senior Fellow at Harvard Kennedy School's Belfer Center". Harvard Kennedy School. Archived from the original on July 6, 2017. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
  26. ^ Ford, David (May 21, 2012). "General Cartwright (USMC ret.) and General Chiarelli (USA ret.) Join ABC News". ABC News. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
  27. ^ "Board of Directors". Atlantic Council. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
  28. ^ Shanker, Thom (May 15, 2012). "Former Commander of U.S. Nuclear Forces Calls for Large Cut in Warheads". The New York Times. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
  29. ^ Willer-Allred, Michele (October 11, 2011). "Global Zero Summit pushes to reduce nuclear weapons". Ventura County Star. Archived from the original on December 20, 2011. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
  30. ^ "Towards a More Disarmed World". FT.com. The Financial Times. May 15, 2012. Archived from the original on December 11, 2022. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
  31. ^ a b c William J. Broad, Iran Accord's Complexity Shows Impact of Bipartisan Letter, The New York Times (14 July 2015).
  32. ^ Public Statement on U.S. Policy Toward the Iran Nuclear Negotiations Endorsed by a Bipartisan Group of American Diplomats, Legislators, Policymakers, and Experts, Washington Institute for Near East Policy (24 June 2015).
  33. ^ [Read: An open letter from retired generals and admirals on the Iran nuclear deal], Washington Post (August 2015).[full citation needed]
  34. ^ "DOD Announces New Defense Policy Board Members". U.S. Department of Defense. October 4, 2011. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
  35. ^ Review of 2014 QDR
[edit]
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Military offices
Preceded by Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
2007–2011 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Commander, United States Strategic Command
2004–2007 		Succeeded by
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