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Aviem Sella (Hebrew: אביאם סלע, born January 7, 1946) is an Israeli businessman and former commander in the Israeli Air Force. In 1987, he was charged in absentia on three counts of espionage for recruiting Jonathan Pollard, who served a 30-year sentence for spying on the United States for Israel. U.S. President Donald Trump pardoned Sella during the morning of January 20, 2021, before Trump left office later in the day.^[1]

Biography

Aviem Sella was born in Haifa during the Mandatory Palestine era. He studied at the Hebrew Reali School, and was drafted into the Israel Defense Forces in 1963. Sella is married to Yehudit, a lawyer, and has three children. He completed his PhD at Tel Aviv University's Faculty of Management and earned a degree in economics from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

Military career and espionage

He served in the Israeli Air Force as a fighter pilot. In 1967, he fought in the Six-Day War with 109 Squadron. He was one of the first Israeli pilots to fly F-4 Phantom jets. He fought in the War of Attrition of 1967-1970, participating in Operation Priha (January–April 1970) and Operation Rimon 20 (July 1970). The outbreak of the Yom Kippur War in 1973 found Sella in the United States studying at a professional course; he returned to Israel and fought in the war as deputy commander of 69 Squadron. In total, he shot down five enemy aircraft during his service.

Between 1976 and 1979 he commanded 201 Squadron,^[2] and between 1980 and 1983, he served as the Air Force's Director of Operations. He commanded Operation Opera, the air strike against the Iraqi Osirak nuclear reactor in 1981, and was a commanding officer in Operation Mole Cricket 19 during the 1982 Lebanon War.^[3]

After serving in the 1982 Lebanon War, Sella took a sabbatical to the United States to study, and earned an MA in computer science at New York University. While pursuing a PhD, Sella recruited Jonathan Pollard to spy for Israel. Pollard was arrested in 1985 and pleaded guilty to espionage charges in 1987.^[4] Sella fled the United States and returned to Israel immediately after Pollard's arrest.

Pollard's Israeli handlers were granted immunity from prosecution in the United States in exchange for cooperation after Pollard's arrest. Sella's role, however, was unknown at the time and the Israelis were not forthcoming about his involvement. For this reason, Sella was not given immunity by the U.S. when his role was uncovered. Israel then refused to extradite Sella for questioning. In March 1987 a Federal grand jury indicted Sella on three counts of espionage which carried a potential maximum sentence of life imprisonment and a $500,000 fine.^[5] Israel was not required to extradite him under the US-Israel extradition treaty, as the treaty does not cover cases of espionage.^[6]

On March 3, 1987,^[7] when Sella was given command of Tel Nof Airbase, the U.S. Congress reacted by threatening to cut aid to Israel. U.S. officials in Israel were instructed to have no contact with Sella or with the airbase so long as he commanded it.^[8] Israel refused to relieve him of his duties, creating tensions. Sella then resigned on March 30, to defuse US-Israel tensions,^[9] and was subsequently appointed an instructor at Israel's National Security College.^[10]

U.S. President Donald Trump granted Sella a full pardon on January 20, 2021.^[1]

In September 2021, Sella was promoted to brigadier general, at the request of Amikam Norkin, commander of the IAF, with the approval from IDF Chief of Staff Aviv Kochavi, and Minister of Defense, Benny Gantz. He was originally promoted to brigadier general in March 1987, but left the IAF before actually receiving the rank.^[11]

Business career

In 1990 he founded "Sibm", an IT company, which acted as a consultant on information systems. In September 2003, he sold his company - which had 40 employees - to Matrix ID Ltd and became director of strategic consulting at Matrix's Security Division.^[12] From 2005 to 2006, he served as chairman of the Adam Milo Institute in Jerusalem. He also became a business partner of Alexander Beer, a brewery based in the Emek Hefer Industrial Park.

Pardon

After serving 30 years in prison (1985-2015)^[13] and five further years under parole in the United States, Pollard's parole expired on November 20, 2020,^[14] and the next month he moved to Israel.^[15]

During the morning of January 20, 2021, the last half-day of Donald Trump's U.S. Presidency, the White House announced that Trump had granted a full pardon to Sella. The announcement stated that the State of Israel had requested the pardon and had issued a full and unequivocal apology. The announcement also stated that Prime Minister of Israel Benjamin Netanyahu, Israeli Ambassador to the United States Ron Dermer, United States Ambassador to Israel David Friedman and Miriam Adelson had supported Sella's request for clemency.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c (1) "Trump pardons Israeli officer who enlisted spy Pollard". The Americas. The Washington Post. Associated Press. January 20, 2021. Retrieved January 20, 2021.
(2) "Statement from the Press Secretary Regarding Executive Grants of Clemency". whitehouse.gov. January 20, 2021. Archived from the original on January 20, 2021 – via National Archives.
(3) Stimson, Brie; Dorman, Sam (January 20, 2021). "Trump pardons Steve Bannon, Lil Wayne, dozens of others; also commutes sentences". Fox News. Archived from the original on January 20, 2021. Retrieved January 20, 2021..
(4) Talmazan, Yuliya; Elbaum, Rachel; Mhaidli, Sara. "Full list of Trump's last-minute pardons and commuted sentences". NBC News. Archived from the original on January 20, 2021. Retrieved January 20, 2021..
^ Tal, Shay (June 26, 2008). לא סתם "אחת". Israeli Air Force Magazine (in Hebrew) (181). Israeli Air Force. Retrieved March 7, 2014.
^ Schlein, Lior; Ophir, Noam. "Six Days in June". IAF Magazine (in Hebrew). 145 (June 2002). Retrieved September 10, 2008.
^ U.S. Jurors Indict An Israeli Officer On Spying Counts. Werner, Leslie Maitland (March 4, 1987) New York Times
^ "U.S. JURORS INDICT AN ISRAELI OFFICER ON SPYING COUNTS". The New York Times. March 4, 1987.
^ U.S. Issues ‘No-Contact’ Order With Aviem Sella
^ Shargorodsky, Sergei (March 30, 1987). "Alleged Pollard Recruiter Resigns Post". AP News. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
^ Shipler, David K. (March 12, 1987). "Shultz 'Distressed' By Israel Spy Case". The New York Times.
^ Olive, Ronald J. (2006). Capturing Jonathan Pollard: How One of the Most Notorious Spies in American History Was Brought to Justice. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-652-0.
^ "Israeli in Pollard's Spy Case Named a Military Instructor". The New York Times. April 5, 1987.
^ Ahronheim, Anna; Hoffman, Gil (September 1, 2021). "Jonathan Pollard's former handler gets promoted to brigadier general". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on September 1, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
^ "Management". Matrix. Archived from the original on December 2, 2018. Retrieved January 20, 2021.
^ "Why Jonathan Pollard spent 30 years in prison". The Times of Israel. August 2, 2015. Retrieved August 8, 2015.
^ Magid, Jacob. "Jonathan Pollard's parole terminated, ex-spy free to travel to Israel". The Times of Israel. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
^ T. O. I. Staff (December 30, 2020). "Jonathan Pollard arrives in Israel, 35 years after his arrest for spying". The Times of Israel. Retrieved December 30, 2020.

[pardon-1] (1) "Trump pardons Israeli officer who enlisted spy Pollard". The Americas. The Washington Post. Associated Press. January 20, 2021. Retrieved January 20, 2021.
(2) "Statement from the Press Secretary Regarding Executive Grants of Clemency". whitehouse.gov. January 20, 2021. Archived from the original on January 20, 2021 – via National Archives.
(3) Stimson, Brie; Dorman, Sam (January 20, 2021). "Trump pardons Steve Bannon, Lil Wayne, dozens of others; also commutes sentences". Fox News. Archived from the original on January 20, 2021. Retrieved January 20, 2021..
(4) Talmazan, Yuliya; Elbaum, Rachel; Mhaidli, Sara. "Full list of Trump's last-minute pardons and commuted sentences". NBC News. Archived from the original on January 20, 2021. Retrieved January 20, 2021..

[2] Tal, Shay (June 26, 2008). לא סתם "אחת". Israeli Air Force Magazine (in Hebrew) (181). Israeli Air Force. Retrieved March 7, 2014.

[schlein-3] Schlein, Lior; Ophir, Noam. "Six Days in June". IAF Magazine (in Hebrew). 145 (June 2002). Retrieved September 10, 2008.

[4] U.S. Jurors Indict An Israeli Officer On Spying Counts. Werner, Leslie Maitland (March 4, 1987) New York Times

[5] "U.S. JURORS INDICT AN ISRAELI OFFICER ON SPYING COUNTS". The New York Times. March 4, 1987.

[6] U.S. Issues ‘No-Contact’ Order With Aviem Sella

[7] Shargorodsky, Sergei (March 30, 1987). "Alleged Pollard Recruiter Resigns Post". AP News. Retrieved November 27, 2021.

[8] Shipler, David K. (March 12, 1987). "Shultz 'Distressed' By Israel Spy Case". The New York Times.

[9] Olive, Ronald J. (2006). Capturing Jonathan Pollard: How One of the Most Notorious Spies in American History Was Brought to Justice. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-652-0.

[10] "Israeli in Pollard's Spy Case Named a Military Instructor". The New York Times. April 5, 1987.

[11] Ahronheim, Anna; Hoffman, Gil (September 1, 2021). "Jonathan Pollard's former handler gets promoted to brigadier general". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on September 1, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.

[12] "Management". Matrix. Archived from the original on December 2, 2018. Retrieved January 20, 2021.

[13] "Why Jonathan Pollard spent 30 years in prison". The Times of Israel. August 2, 2015. Retrieved August 8, 2015.

[14] Magid, Jacob. "Jonathan Pollard's parole terminated, ex-spy free to travel to Israel". The Times of Israel. Retrieved November 20, 2020.

[35years-15] T. O. I. Staff (December 30, 2020). "Jonathan Pollard arrives in Israel, 35 years after his arrest for spying". The Times of Israel. Retrieved December 30, 2020.

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+{{Short description|Israeli spy and businessman}}
 {{use mdy dates|date=January 2021}}
+'''Aviem Sella''' ({{langx|he|אביאם סלע}}, born January 7, 1946) is an Israeli businessman and former commander in the [[Israeli Air Force]]. In 1987, he was charged in absentia on three counts of espionage for recruiting [[Jonathan Pollard]], who served a 30-year sentence for spying on the United States for Israel. U.S. President [[Donald Trump]] pardoned Sella during the morning of January 20, 2021, before Trump left office later in the day.<ref name=pardon>(1) {{cite news|agency=[[Associated Press]]|date=January 20, 2021|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/trump-pardons-israeli-officer-who-enlisted-spy-pollard/2021/01/20/373d73b2-5b09-11eb-a849-6f9423a75ffd_story.html|title=Trump pardons Israeli officer who enlisted spy Pollard|work=The Americas|publisher=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=January 20, 2021}}<br />(2) {{cite web|title=Statement from the Press Secretary Regarding Executive Grants of Clemency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120171920/https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/statement-press-secretary-regarding-executive-grants-clemency-012021/|archive-date=January 20, 2021|url=https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/statement-press-secretary-regarding-executive-grants-clemency-012021/|via=[[NARA|National Archives]]|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|date=January 20, 2021}}<br />(3) {{cite news|first1=Brie|last1=Stimson|first2=Sam|last2=Dorman|date=January 20, 2021|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-pardons-steve-bannon-lil-wayne-dozens-of-others-also-commutes-sentences|title=Trump pardons Steve Bannon, Lil Wayne, dozens of others; also commutes sentences|publisher=[[Fox News]]|access-date=January 20, 2021|archive-date=January 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120180235/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-pardons-steve-bannon-lil-wayne-dozens-of-others-also-commutes-sentences|url-status=dead}}.<br />(4) {{cite news|first1=Yuliya|last1=Talmazan|first2=Rachel|last2=Elbaum|first3=Sara|last3=Mhaidli|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/full-list-trump-s-last-minute-pardons-commuted-sentences-n1254806|title=Full list of Trump's last-minute pardons and commuted sentences|work=[[NBC News]]|access-date=January 20, 2021|archive-date=January 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120172319/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/full-list-trump-s-last-minute-pardons-commuted-sentences-n1254806|url-status=dead}}.</ref>
-'''Aviem Sella''' ({{lang-he|אביאם סלע}}, born January 7, 1946) is an [[Israel]]i businessman and former commander in the [[Israeli Air Force]]. He was indicted on three counts of espionage in 1987 for recruiting [[Jonathan Pollard]], who spied on the United States for Israel.Pollard was released from parole in the U.S. in November 2020 after serving 30 years in prison and was pardoned by U.S. President [[Donald Trump]] on January 20, 2021.
-== Biography ==
+==Biography==
-Aviem Sella was born in [[Haifa]] during the [[Mandatory Palestine|Mandate era]].
+Aviem Sella was born in [[Haifa]] during the [[Mandatory Palestine|Mandatory Palestine era]].
-He studied at the [[Hebrew Reali School]], and was drafted into the [[Israel Defense Forces]] in 1963. Sella is married to Yehudit, a lawyer, and has three children. Sella completed his PhD at [[Tel Aviv University]]'s Faculty of Management and earned a degree in economics from the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]].
+He studied at the [[Hebrew Reali School]], and was drafted into the [[Israel Defense Forces]] in 1963. Sella is married to Yehudit, a lawyer, and has three children. He completed his PhD at [[Tel Aviv University]]'s Faculty of Management and earned a degree in economics from the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]].
 ==Military career and espionage==
-He served in the [[Israeli Air Force]] as a fighter pilot. In 1967, he fought in the [[Six-Day War]] with [[109 Squadron (Israel)|109 Squadron]]. He was one of the first Israeli pilots to fly [[F-4 Phantom]] jets, and was also one of the founders of [[69 Squadron (Israel)|69 Squadron]]. He fought in the [[War of Attrition]] of 1967-1970, participating in [[Operation Priha]] (January-April 1970) and [[Operation Rimon 20]] (July 1970). The outbreak of the [[Yom Kippur War]] in 1973 found Sella in the United States studying at a [[professional]] course; he returned to Israel and fought in the war as deputy commander of 69 Squadron. In total, he shot down five enemy aircraft during his service.
+He served in the [[Israeli Air Force]] as a fighter pilot. In 1967, he fought in the [[Six-Day War]] with [[109 Squadron (Israel)|109 Squadron]]. He was one of the first Israeli pilots to fly [[F-4 Phantom]] jets. He fought in the [[War of Attrition]] of 1967-1970, participating in [[Operation Priha]] (January–April 1970) and [[Operation Rimon 20]] (July 1970). The outbreak of the [[Yom Kippur War]] in 1973 found Sella in the United States studying at a [[professional]] course; he returned to Israel and fought in the war as deputy commander of [[69 Squadron (Israel)|69 Squadron]]. In total, he shot down five enemy aircraft during his service.
-Between 1976 and 1979 he commanded [[201 Squadron (Israel)|201 Squadron]],<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.iaf.org.il/2079-28026-he/IAF.aspx|script-title=he:לא סתם "אחת"|first=Shay|last=Tal|work=Israeli Air Force Magazine|issue=181|date=June 26, 2008|language=Hebrew|publisher=Israeli Air Force|accessdate=March 7, 2014}}</ref> and between 1980 and 1983, he served as the Air Force's Director of Operations. He commanded [[Operation Opera]], the air strike against the Iraqi [[Osirak]] nuclear reactor in 1981, and was a commanding officer in [[Operation Mole Cricket 19]] during the [[1982 Lebanon War]].<ref name="schlein">{{Cite journal|volume=145|issue=June 2002|last=Schlein|first=Lior|first2=Noam|last2=Ophir|title = Six Days in June|journal=IAF Magazine|accessdate=2008-09-10|url=http://www.iaf.org.il/Templates/Journal/Journal.In.aspx&lang=HE&lobbyID=50&folderID=621&subfolderID=623&docfolderID=625&docID=19927|language=he}}</ref>
+Between 1976 and 1979 he commanded [[201 Squadron (Israel)|201 Squadron]],<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.iaf.org.il/2079-28026-he/IAF.aspx|script-title=he:לא סתם "אחת"|first=Shay|last=Tal|journal=Israeli Air Force Magazine|issue=181|date=June 26, 2008|language=Hebrew|publisher=Israeli Air Force|access-date=March 7, 2014}}</ref> and between 1980 and 1983, he served as the Air Force's Director of Operations. He commanded [[Operation Opera]], the air strike against the Iraqi [[Osirak]] nuclear reactor in 1981, and was a commanding officer in [[Operation Mole Cricket 19]] during the [[1982 Lebanon War]].<ref name="schlein">{{Cite journal|volume=145|issue=June 2002|last1=Schlein|first1=Lior|first2=Noam|last2=Ophir|title = Six Days in June|journal=IAF Magazine|access-date=2008-09-10|url=http://www.iaf.org.il/Templates/Journal/Journal.In.aspx&lang=HE&lobbyID=50&folderID=621&subfolderID=623&docfolderID=625&docID=19927|language=he}}</ref>
 After serving in the 1982 Lebanon War, Sella took a [[sabbatical]] to the United States to study, and earned an [[Master of Arts|MA]] in [[computer science]] at [[New York University]]. While pursuing a [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]], Sella recruited [[Jonathan Pollard]] to spy for Israel. Pollard was arrested in 1985 and pleaded guilty to espionage charges in 1987.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/04/us/us-jurors-indict-an-israeli-officer-on-spying-counts.html?pagewanted=all ''U.S. Jurors Indict An Israeli Officer On Spying Counts''.] Werner, Leslie Maitland (March 4, 1987) ''New York Times''</ref> Sella fled the United States and returned to Israel immediately after Pollard's arrest.
-Pollard's Israeli handlers were granted immunity from prosecution in the [[United States]] in exchange for cooperation after Pollard's arrest. Sella's role, however, was unknown at the time and the Israelis were not forthcoming about his involvement. For this reason, Sella was not given immunity by the U.S. when his role was uncovered. Israel then refused to extradite Sella for questioning. In March 1987 a Federal grand jury indicted  Sella ''[[trial in absentia|in absentia]]'' on three counts of espionage, with a maximum sentence of life imprisonment and a $500,000 fine.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/04/us/us-jurors-indict-an-israeli-officer-on-spying-counts.html|work=The New York Times|title=U.S. JURORS INDICT AN ISRAELI OFFICER ON SPYING COUNTS|date=March 4, 1987}}</ref> Israel was not required to extradite him under the US-Israel extradition treaty, as the treaty does not cover cases of espionage.<ref>[https://apnews.com/article/55804fcd29da865fb96dd6d04af0ee54 U.S. Issues ‘No-Contact’ Order With Aviem Sella]</ref>  U.S. President [[Donald Trump]] granted Sella a full [[pardon]] on January 20, 2021.<ref name=pardon>(1) {{cite news|agency=[[Associated Press]]|date=January 20, 2021|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/trump-pardons-israeli-officer-who-enlisted-spy-pollard/2021/01/20/373d73b2-5b09-11eb-a849-6f9423a75ffd_story.html|title=Trump pardons Israeli officer who enlisted spy Pollard|work=The Americas|publisher=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=January 20, 2021}}<br />(2) {{cite web |title=Statement from the Press Secretary Regarding Executive Grants of Clemency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120111121/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/statement-press-secretary-regarding-executive-grants-clemency-012021/|archive-date=January 20, 2021|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/statement-press-secretary-regarding-executive-grants-clemency-012021/|work=Statements & Releases|publisher=[[White House|The White House]]|date=January 20, 2021}}<br />(3) {{cite news|first1=Brie|last1=Stimson|first2=Sam|last2=Dorman|date=January 20, 2021|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-pardons-steve-bannon-lil-wayne-dozens-of-others-also-commutes-sentences|title=Trump pardons Steve Bannon, Lil Wayne, dozens of others; also commutes sentences|publisher=[[Fox News]]|access-date=January 20, 2021}} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120180235/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-pardons-steve-bannon-lil-wayne-dozens-of-others-also-commutes-sentences|date=January 20, 2021}}.<br />(4) {{cite news|first1=Yuliya|last1=Talmazan|first2=Rachel|last2=Elbaum|first3=Sara|last3= Mhaidli|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/full-list-trump-s-last-minute-pardons-commuted-sentences-n1254806|title=Full list of Trump's last-minute pardons and commuted sentences|publisher=[[NBC News]]|access-date=January 20, 2021}} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120172319if_/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/full-list-trump-s-last-minute-pardons-commuted-sentences-n1254806|date=January 20, 2021}}.</ref>
+Pollard's Israeli handlers were granted immunity from prosecution in the [[United States]] in exchange for cooperation after Pollard's arrest. Sella's role, however, was unknown at the time and the Israelis were not forthcoming about his involvement. For this reason, Sella was not given immunity by the U.S. when his role was uncovered. Israel then refused to extradite Sella for questioning. In March 1987 a Federal grand jury indicted Sella on three counts of espionage which carried a potential maximum sentence of life imprisonment and a $500,000 fine.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/04/us/us-jurors-indict-an-israeli-officer-on-spying-counts.html|work=The New York Times|title=U.S. JURORS INDICT AN ISRAELI OFFICER ON SPYING COUNTS|date=March 4, 1987}}</ref> Israel was not required to extradite him under the US-Israel extradition treaty, as the treaty does not cover cases of espionage.<ref>[https://apnews.com/article/55804fcd29da865fb96dd6d04af0ee54 U.S. Issues ‘No-Contact’ Order With Aviem Sella]</ref>
-After Sella was promoted to [[Brigadier General]] and given command of [[Tel Nof Airbase]], the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]] reacted by threatening to cut aid to Israel. U.S. officials in Israel were instructed to have no contact with Sella or with the airbase so long as he commanded it.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/12/world/shultz-distressed-by-israel-spy-case.html |work=The New York Times | first=David K. | last=Shipler | title=Shultz 'Distressed' By Israel Spy Case|date=March 12, 1987}}</ref> Israel refused to relieve him of his duties, creating tensions. Sella then resigned to defuse US-Israel tensions,<ref>{{cite book|last=Olive|first=Ronald J.|title=Capturing Jonathan Pollard: How One of the Most Notorious Spies in American History Was Brought to Justice|publisher=[[Naval Institute Press]]|year=2006|isbn=978-1-59114-652-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wHoAWHUzqCwC}}</ref> and was subsequently appointed an instructor at Israel's National Security College.<ref>{{cite news| url= https://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/05/world/israeli-in-pollard-s-spy-case-named-a-military-instructor.html | work=The New York Times | title=Israeli in Pollard's Spy Case Named a Military Instructor | date=April 5, 1987}}</ref>
+On March 3, 1987,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shargorodsky|first=Sergei|date=1987-03-30|title=Alleged Pollard Recruiter Resigns Post|url=https://apnews.com/article/86bbfa3878e2e1ff896ac28ccd9a21c2|access-date=2021-11-27|website=[[Associated Press|AP News]]}}</ref> when Sella was given command of [[Tel Nof Airbase]], the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]] reacted by threatening to cut aid to Israel. U.S. officials in Israel were instructed to have no contact with Sella or with the airbase so long as he commanded it.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/12/world/shultz-distressed-by-israel-spy-case.html |work=The New York Times | first=David K. | last=Shipler | title=Shultz 'Distressed' By Israel Spy Case|date=March 12, 1987}}</ref> Israel refused to relieve him of his duties, creating tensions. Sella then resigned on March 30, to defuse US-Israel tensions,<ref>{{cite book|last=Olive|first=Ronald J.|title=Capturing Jonathan Pollard: How One of the Most Notorious Spies in American History Was Brought to Justice|publisher=[[Naval Institute Press]]|year=2006|isbn=978-1-59114-652-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wHoAWHUzqCwC}}</ref> and was subsequently appointed an instructor at Israel's National Security College.<ref>{{cite news| url= https://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/05/world/israeli-in-pollard-s-spy-case-named-a-military-instructor.html | work=The New York Times| title=Israeli in Pollard's Spy Case Named a Military Instructor | date=April 5, 1987}}</ref>
+U.S. President Donald Trump granted Sella a full [[pardon]] on January 20, 2021.<ref name=pardon/>
+In September 2021, Sella was promoted to [[brigadier general]], at the request of [[Amikam Norkin]], commander of the IAF, with the approval from [[Chief of the General Staff (Israel)|IDF Chief of Staff]] [[Aviv Kochavi]], and Minister of Defense, [[Benny Gantz]]. He was originally promoted to brigadier general in March 1987, but left the IAF before actually receiving the rank.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Ahronheim|first1=Anna|last2=Hoffman|first2=Gil|date=2021-09-01|title=Jonathan Pollard's former handler gets promoted to brigadier general|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/former-handler-of-jonathan-pollard-gets-promoted-to-brigadier-general-678328|url-status=live|access-date=2021-11-27|website=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901084014/https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/former-handler-of-jonathan-pollard-gets-promoted-to-brigadier-general-678328 |archive-date=September 1, 2021 }}</ref>
 ==Business career==
-In 1990 he founded "Sibm", an IT company, which acted as a consultant on information systems. In September 2003, he sold his company - which had 40 employees - to Matrix ID Ltd and became director of strategic consulting at Matrix's Security Division.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.matrix.co.il/About/Pages/Management.aspx|title=Management|publisher=Matrix|access-date=January 20, 2021}}</ref> From 2005 to 2006, he served as chairman of the Adam Milo Institute in Jerusalem. He also became a business partner of Alexander Beer, a [[brewery]] based in the [[Emek Hefer]] Industrial Park.
+In 1990 he founded "Sibm", an IT company, which acted as a consultant on information systems. In September 2003, he sold his company - which had 40 employees - to Matrix ID Ltd and became director of strategic consulting at Matrix's Security Division.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.matrix.co.il/About/Pages/Management.aspx|title=Management|publisher=Matrix|access-date=January 20, 2021|archive-date=December 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181202104754/https://www.matrix.co.il/About/Pages/Management.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> From 2005 to 2006, he served as chairman of the Adam Milo Institute in Jerusalem. He also became a business partner of Alexander Beer, a [[brewery]] based in the [[Emek Hefer]] Industrial Park.
 ==Pardon==
+After serving 30 years in prison (1985-2015)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/why-jonathan-pollard-spent-30-years-in-prison/|title=Why Jonathan Pollard spent 30 years in prison|date=August 2, 2015|publisher=[[The Times of Israel]]|access-date=August 8, 2015}}</ref> and five further years under parole in the United States, Pollard's parole expired on November 20, 2020,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Magid|first=Jacob|title=Jonathan Pollard's parole terminated, ex-spy free to travel to Israel|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/jonathan-pollards-parole-terminated-ex-spy-free-to-travel-to-israel/|access-date=November 20, 2020|work=The Times of Israel|language=en-US}}</ref> and the next month he moved to Israel.<ref name=35years>{{Cite web|author=T. O. I. Staff|title=Jonathan Pollard arrives in Israel, 35 years after his arrest for spying|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/jonathan-pollard-arrives-in-israel-35-years-after-his-imprisonment-for-spying/|access-date=December 30, 2020|work=The Times of Israel|date=December 30, 2020|language=en-US}}</ref>
-During the morning of January 20, 2021, the last half-day of [[Presidency of Donald Trump|Donald Trump's U.S. Presidency]], the [[White House]] announced that Trump had granted a full pardon to Sella. The announcement  stated that the State of Israel had requested the pardon and had issued a full and unequivocal apology. The announcement also stated that Prime Minister of Israel [[Benjamin Netanyahu]], Israeli Ambassador to the United States [[Ron Dermer]], United States Ambassador to Israel [[David M. Friedman|David Friedman]] and [[Miriam Adelson]] had supported Sella's request for clemency.<ref name=pardon/>
+During the morning of January 20, 2021, the last half-day of [[First presidency of Donald Trump|Donald Trump's U.S. Presidency]], the [[White House]] announced that Trump had granted a full pardon to Sella. The announcement  stated that the State of Israel had requested the pardon and had issued a full and unequivocal apology. The announcement also stated that Prime Minister of Israel [[Benjamin Netanyahu]], Israeli Ambassador to the United States [[Ron Dermer]], United States Ambassador to Israel [[David M. Friedman|David Friedman]] and [[Miriam Adelson]] had supported Sella's request for clemency.<ref name=pardon/>
 ==References==
@@ Line 36: / Line 43: @@
 [[Category:Tel Aviv University alumni]]
 [[Category:Hebrew Reali School alumni]]
-[[Category:People from Haifa]]
+[[Category:Businesspeople from Haifa]]
-[[Category:Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni]]
+[[Category:Military personnel from Haifa]]
+[[Category:Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Social Sciences alumni]]
+[[Category:People pardoned by Donald Trump]]