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{{Userspace draft|date=May 2019}}
{{short description|Filipino Visayan lawyer, politician, and World War II Cebu governor}}
{{short description|Filipino Visayan lawyer, politician, and World War II Cebu governor}}
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{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{family name hatnote|Leyson|Floreta|lang=Spanish}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Jose S. Leyson
| name = Jose S. Leyson
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| term_start = 1944
| term_start = 1944
| term_end = 1945
| term_end = 1945
| birth_date = 1900
| birth_date = {{birth date|1895|4|23}}
| birth_place = [[Cebu City|Cebu]], [[Cebu]], [[Captaincy General of the Philippines]]
| mainwidth =
| mainwidth =
| death_date = 1945
| death_date = {{death date and age|1945|||1895|4|23}}
| death_place = [[Cebu City]], [[Cebu]], [[Commonwealth of the Philippines|Philippine Commonwealth]]
| profession = [[Lawyer]]
| profession = Lawyer
| predecessor = [[Jose Delgado (politician)|Jose Delgado]]
| predecessor = [[Jose Delgado (politician)|Jose Delgado]]
| successor = [[Fructuoso Cabahug]]
| successor = [[Fructuoso Cabahug|Fructuoso B. Cabahug]]
| nationality = Filipino
| nationality = Filipino
| country = [[Philippines]]
| country = [[Philippines]]
| alma_mater = {{hlist|[[University of San Carlos|Colegio de San Carlos]]|[[University of the Philippines]]}}
| alma_mater = {{hlist|[[University of San Carlos|Colegio de San Carlos]]|[[University of the Philippines]]}}
⚫
| honorific_prefix = [[The Honorable]]
| office1 = Member of the [[National Assembly (Second Philippine Republic)|National Assembly]] from [[Cebu's at-large congressional district|Cebu]]
| term_start1 = September 25, 1943
| term_end1 = February 2, 1944
| alongside1 = [[Jose Delgado (politician)|Jose Delgado]]
| spouse = Lourdes Velez
| spouse = Lourdes Velez
| party = [[KALIBAPI]] ({{circa|1943}})
⚫
| honorific_prefix = [[The Honourable]]
}}
}}
'''Jose S. Leyson''' (1900–1945) was a [[Filipinos|Filipino]] [[Visayans|Visayan]] [[lawyer]] and [[politician]] from [[Cebu]], [[Philippines]]. He was appointed by the [[Imperial Japanese Army|Japanese forces]] to serve as governor of the province of Cebu during [[World War II]]. It is believed that he was executed before the end of the war, and the whereabouts of his remain are unknown.
'''José S. Leyson y Floreta''' (April 23, 1895–1945)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geni.com/people/Jos%C3%A9-Leyson/6000000003601061757|title=José S. Leyson y Floreta|website=Geni.com|date=March 5, 2023 |accessdate=November 10, 2023}}</ref> was a Filipino [[Visayans|Visayan]] lawyer and politician from [[Cebu]], Philippines. He was appointed by the [[Imperial Japanese Army|Japanese forces]] to serve as governor of the province of Cebu during [[World War II]]. He died before [[World War II]] ended, and the whereabouts of his remains are unknown.

== Early life ==
== Early life ==
Jose Leyson, born in 1900, was married to Lourdes Velez.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/opinion/2018/07/25/1836512/joses-cebu-provincial-capitol-and-city-hall|title=The Joses of the Cebu Provincial Capitol and City Hall {{!}} The Freeman|last=Oaminal|first=Clarence Paul|date=July 25, 2018|website=philstar.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-05-12}}</ref> He attended Colegio de San Carlos (now [[University of San Carlos]]), acquired a law degree at the [[University of the Philippines]],<ref name=":2" /> and became a lawyer on November 15, 1923.<ref name=":1" />
Jose Leyson was born on April 23, 1895 in Cebu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/opinion/2018/07/25/1836512/joses-cebu-provincial-capitol-and-city-hall|title=The Joses of the Cebu Provincial Capitol and City Hall {{!}} The Freeman|last=Oaminal|first=Clarence Paul|date=July 25, 2018|website=The Philippine Star|access-date=May 12, 2019}}</ref> He attended Colegio de San Carlos (now [[University of San Carlos]]), acquired a law degree at the [[University of the Philippines]],<ref name=":2" /> and became a lawyer on November 15, 1923.<ref name=":1" />

==Personal life==
Leyson was married to Lourdes Velez.


== Career ==
== Career ==
He worked as general Manager of Cebu Transit Company, a bus company in operation before the war. In social circles, he was known as "[[Beau Brummell|Beau Brommel]]" and for his his stylish dressing, and was described as fun-loving and sociable.<ref name=":2" />
He worked as general manager of Cebu Transit Company, a bus company in operation before the war. In social circles, he was known for his stylish dressing and as "[[Beau Brummell|Beau Brommel]]", and was described as fun-loving and sociable.<ref name=":2" />


Leyson, along with Manuel Gotianuy and Lim Bonfing, was one of the co-founders and incorporators of the Union Surety and Insurance Corporation, a non-life [[insurance]] company, on July 14, 1931. The name of the company was later renamed Visayan Surety and Insurance Corporation a month later.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/2016/08/09/manuel-gotianuy/|title=Manuel Gotianuy|last=Funa|first=Atty Dennis B.|website=BusinessMirror|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-12}}</ref> Leyson served as the company's vice-president and secretary.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.visayansurety.com/pdf/2017/ARTICLES%20OF%20INCORPORATION.pdf|title=Certificate of Filing of Amended Articles of Incorporation|last=Securities and Exchange Commission|first=|authorlink=|last2=|date=|website=www.visayansurety.com|publisher=Visayan Surety & Insurance Corporation|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=May 12, 2019}}</ref>
Leyson, along with Manuel Gotianuy and Lim Bonfing, was one of the co-founders and incorporators of the Union Surety and Insurance Corporation, a [[General insurance|non-life insurance]] company, established on July 14, 1931. The company was later renamed Visayan Surety and Insurance Corporation a month later.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/2016/08/09/manuel-gotianuy/|title=Manuel Gotianuy|last=Funa|first=Atty Dennis B.|website=BusinessMirror|access-date=May 12, 2019|date=August 9, 2016}}</ref> Leyson served as the company's vice-president and secretary.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.visayansurety.com/pdf/2017/ARTICLES%20OF%20INCORPORATION.pdf|title=Certificate of Filing of Amended Articles of Incorporation|last=Securities and Exchange Commission|website=visayansurety.com|publisher=Visayan Surety & Insurance Corporation|access-date=May 12, 2019}}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>


On October 2, 1939, his appointment by then [[Manuel L. Quezon|President Manuel L. Quezon]] as member of the Board of Tax Appeals of Cebu City, together with that of Vicente Urgello, was confirmed by the [[Commission on Appointments|Commission on Appointment]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1939/11/11/statement-president-quezon-on-appointments-confirmed-by-commission-on-appointments-of-national-assembly-november-11-1939/|title=Statement: President Quezon on Appointments confirmed by Commission on Appointments of National Assembly, November 11, 1939 {{!}} GOVPH|website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-12}}</ref> Then, he was elected as member of the provincial board together with Fructuoso Barte Cabahug on December 10, 1940.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/the-freeman/20181112/281676845933822|title=Jose S. LEyson Street, unveiled at last|last=Oaminal|first=Oaminal|date=November 12, 2018|website=www.pressreader.com|publisher=Philippine Star; The Freeman through Pressreader|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-05-12}}</ref>
On October 2, 1939, his appointment by then [[Manuel L. Quezon|President Manuel L. Quezon]] as member of the Board of Tax Appeals of [[Cebu City]], together with that of [[Vicente Urgello]], was confirmed by the [[Commission on Appointments|Commission on Appointment]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1939/11/11/statement-president-quezon-on-appointments-confirmed-by-commission-on-appointments-of-national-assembly-november-11-1939/|title=Statement: President Quezon on Appointments confirmed by Commission on Appointments of National Assembly, November 11, 1939 {{!}} GOVPH|website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines|access-date=May 12, 2019}}</ref> On December 10, 1940, he was elected as a member of the [[Cebu Provincial Board]] with [[Fructuoso Cabahug]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/the-freeman/20181112/281676845933822|title=Jose S. Leyson Street, unveiled at last|last=Oaminal|first=Oaminal|date=November 12, 2018|via=PressReader|publisher=Philippine Star; The Freeman through Pressreader|access-date=May 12, 2019}}</ref>


== During World War II ==
== During World War II ==
During World War II, Jose Leyson was forced by the Japanese to serve the government from 1944 to 1945.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph//article/31260|title=Viewing a slice of Cebu history|last=Newman|first=Jenara Regis|date=2015-09-15|website=Sunstar|language=English|access-date=2019-05-12}}</ref> He became the ''[[de facto]]'' governor when [[Hilario Abellana]] escaped to the town of Badian on the eve of the Japanese landings on April 10, 1942 and interacted with the Japanese in their attempt to install a [[civilian government]]. In addition, he had visited [[Japan]] previously on an educational tour when he was a law student at the University of the Philippines. Abellana soon returned back to [[Cebu City]] and resumed the role as governor, while Leyson became vice governor.
During World War II, Jose Leyson was forced by the Japanese to serve the government.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph//article/31260|title=Viewing a slice of Cebu history|last=Newman|first=Jenara Regis|date=September 15, 2015|website=Sunstar|access-date=May 12, 2019}}</ref> He became the ''de facto'' governor when [[Hilario Abellana]] escaped to the town of [[Badian, Cebu|Badian]] on the eve of the Japanese landings on April 10, 1942, and he interacted with the Japanese in their attempt to install a [[civilian government]]. In addition, he had visited Japan previously on an educational [[Student exchange program|exchange program]] when he was a law student at the [[University of the Philippines]]. Abellana soon returned to [[Cebu City]] and resumed the role of governor, while Leyson became vice governor.


Due to the instability in politics at the time, scholars had difficulty determining the administrations of war-time governors of Abellana, Leyson, and Jose Delgado, who was the Cebu City mayor before the coming of the Japanese forces. Leyson participated in the assembly called by ''[[KALIBAPI]] (Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipino)'', the group that replaced political parties, that ratified the [[1943 Constitution of the Philippines|Constitution]] on September 7, 1943.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/945648989|title=The war in Cebu|last=Mojares, Resil B.,|others=Bersales, Jose Eleazar R. (Jose Eleazar Reynes)|isbn=9789715390705|location=Talamban, Cebu City, Philippines|oclc=945648989}}</ref> When the [[National Assembly of the Philippines|National Assembly]] convened in 1943, he was one of the representatives of Cebu together with Jose Delgado.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=-v4qAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA877&lpg=PA877&dq=cebu+jose+leyson&source=bl&ots=Mopu2PEYMe&sig=ACfU3U0qXAutu6pcGEfqm1L9Oa8F9UsS7w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjMtsuDoZXiAhU3x4sBHU9rDEs4ChDoATAIegQICRAB#v=onepage&q=cebu%20jose%20leyson&f=false|title=Official Gazette|last=Philippines|date=1943|language=en}}</ref>
Due to the instability in politics at the time, scholars had difficulty determining the administrations of war-time governors Abellana, Leyson, and [[Jose Delgado (politician)|Jose Delgado]], who was the Cebu City mayor before the coming of the Japanese forces.<ref name=":2" /> According to the Governor's Gallery installed in the [[Cebu Provincial Capitol]], his term was placed between 1944 and 1945.<ref name=":3" /> He participated in the assembly called by ''[[KALIBAPI]] (Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipino)'', the group that replaced political parties, that ratified the [[1943 Constitution of the Philippines|Constitution]] on September 7, 1943.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=The war in Cebu|last=Mojares, Resil B.|others=Bersales, Jose Eleazar R. (Jose Eleazar Reynes)|isbn=9789715390705|location=Talamban, Cebu City, Philippines|publisher=University of San Carlos Press|oclc=945648989|year = 2015}}</ref> When the [[National Assembly of the Philippines|National Assembly]] convened in 1943, he was one of the representatives of Cebu together with Delgado.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-v4qAQAAMAAJ&q=cebu+jose+leyson&pg=PA877|title=Official Gazette|last=Philippines|date=1943|language=en}}</ref>


Before the end of the war, he was killed<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/opinion/2018/06/04/1821497/president-quezons-cebuano-appointees-1939|title=President Quezon's Cebuano appointees in 1939 {{!}} The Freeman|last=Oaminal|first=Clarence Paul|date=June 4, 2018|website=philstar.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-05-12}}</ref> and his remains have never been found.<ref name=":1" /> There are several accounts that explained his death, one of which was that he was taken as [[hostage]] by the Japanese army in their retreat towards the northern part of Cebu and then killed. Another account claimed that together with Paulino Gullas and other Cebuano officers, he was taken by the Japanese to the Babag Ridge area and died when Americans bombed the cave they were hiding.<ref name=":2" />
Before the end of the war, he was killed and his remains have never been found.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/opinion/2018/06/04/1821497/president-quezons-cebuano-appointees-1939|title=President Quezon's Cebuano appointees in 1939 {{!}} The Freeman|last=Oaminal|first=Clarence Paul|date=June 4, 2018|website=The Philippine Star|access-date=May 12, 2019}}</ref> There are several accounts that explained his death, one of which was that he was held as [[hostage]] by the Japanese army in their retreat towards the northern part of Cebu and then he was executed. Another account claimed that together with [[Paulino Gullas]] and other Cebuano officials, he was taken by the Japanese to the Babag Ridge area and died when Americans bombed the cave in which they were hiding.<ref name=":2" /> Leyson was hailed as a [[hero]] and [[martyr]].<ref name=":4" />


== Historical commemoration ==
== Historical commemoration ==
The Cebu City Council enacted Ordinance No. 720 renaming Progreso Street to Governor Jose S. Leyson Street in his honor on August 5, 1971.<ref name=":0" /> On October 12, 2018, the ordinance was implemented by unveiling of the street sign in Barangay Ermita, Cebu City. Leyson was hailed as a hero and martyr.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/198745/forty-year-ordinance-implemented-street-renamed-wwii-martyr-gov|title=Forty-year ordinance implemented: Street renamed after WWII ‘martyr-gov’|last=Letigio|first=Delta Dyrecka|date=October 13, 2018|website=cebudailynews.inquirer.net|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-05-12}}</ref>
Governor Jose S. Leyson Street, formerly known as Progreso Street, was named in his honor in accordance to the Cebu City Council enacted on August 5, 1971.<ref name=":0" /> On October 12, 2018, the ordinance was implemented by unveiling the street sign in Barangay Ermita, Cebu City.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|url=https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/198745/forty-year-ordinance-implemented-street-renamed-wwii-martyr-gov|title=Forty-year ordinance implemented: Street renamed after WWII 'martyr-gov'|last=Letigio|first=Delta Dyrecka|date=October 13, 2018|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|access-date=May 12, 2019}}</ref>


== Further reading ==
== Further reading ==

* Certificate of Filing of Amended Articles of incorporation of Visayan Surety & Insurance Corporation
* Certificate of Filing of Amended Articles of incorporation of Visayan Surety & Insurance Corporation
*Mojares, Resil et al, ''The War in Cebu,'' University of San Carlos (2015)
*Mojares, Resil et al., ''The War in Cebu,'' University of San Carlos (2015)


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

⚫
[[Category:1900 births]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Leyson, Jose}}
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[[Category:1895 births]]
[[Category:1945 deaths]]
[[Category:1945 deaths]]
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[[Category:Filipino politicians]]
[[Category:Governors of Cebu]]
[[Category:Governors of Cebu]]
[[Category:University of San Carlos alumni]]
[[Category:University of San Carlos alumni]]
[[Category:Visayan people]]
[[Category:People from Cebu]]
[[Category:Filipino lawyers]]
[[Category:University of the Philippines alumni]]
[[Category:University of the Philippines alumni]]
[[Category:Filipino collaborators with Imperial Japan]]
[[Category:Executed Filipino collaborators with Imperial Japan]]
[[Category:World War II political leaders]]
[[Category:World War II political leaders]]
[[Category:Members of the National Assembly (Second Philippine Republic)]]
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[[Category:20th-century Filipino lawyers]]
[[Category:Civilians killed in World War II]]

Latest revision as of 18:56, 2 December 2024

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Leyson and the second or maternal family name is Floreta.
The Honorable
Jose S. Leyson
Governor of Cebu
In office
1944–1945
Preceded byJose Delgado
Succeeded byFructuoso B. Cabahug
Member of the National Assembly from Cebu
In office
September 25, 1943 – February 2, 1944
Serving with Jose Delgado
Personal details
Born(1895-04-23)April 23, 1895
Cebu, Cebu, Captaincy General of the Philippines
Died1945(1945-00-00) (aged 49–50)
Cebu City, Cebu, Philippine Commonwealth
Political partyKALIBAPI (c. 1943)
SpouseLourdes Velez
Alma mater
ProfessionLawyer

José S. Leyson y Floreta (April 23, 1895–1945)[1] was a Filipino Visayan lawyer and politician from Cebu, Philippines. He was appointed by the Japanese forces to serve as governor of the province of Cebu during World War II. He died before World War II ended, and the whereabouts of his remains are unknown.

Early life

[edit]

Jose Leyson was born on April 23, 1895 in Cebu.[2] He attended Colegio de San Carlos (now University of San Carlos), acquired a law degree at the University of the Philippines,[3] and became a lawyer on November 15, 1923.[4]

Personal life

[edit]

Leyson was married to Lourdes Velez.

Career

[edit]

He worked as general manager of Cebu Transit Company, a bus company in operation before the war. In social circles, he was known for his stylish dressing and as "Beau Brommel", and was described as fun-loving and sociable.[3]

Leyson, along with Manuel Gotianuy and Lim Bonfing, was one of the co-founders and incorporators of the Union Surety and Insurance Corporation, a non-life insurance company, established on July 14, 1931. The company was later renamed Visayan Surety and Insurance Corporation a month later.[4] Leyson served as the company's vice-president and secretary.[5]

On October 2, 1939, his appointment by then President Manuel L. Quezon as member of the Board of Tax Appeals of Cebu City, together with that of Vicente Urgello, was confirmed by the Commission on Appointment.[6] On December 10, 1940, he was elected as a member of the Cebu Provincial Board with Fructuoso Cabahug.[7]

During World War II

[edit]

During World War II, Jose Leyson was forced by the Japanese to serve the government.[7][8] He became the de facto governor when Hilario Abellana escaped to the town of Badian on the eve of the Japanese landings on April 10, 1942, and he interacted with the Japanese in their attempt to install a civilian government. In addition, he had visited Japan previously on an educational exchange program when he was a law student at the University of the Philippines. Abellana soon returned to Cebu City and resumed the role of governor, while Leyson became vice governor.

Due to the instability in politics at the time, scholars had difficulty determining the administrations of war-time governors Abellana, Leyson, and Jose Delgado, who was the Cebu City mayor before the coming of the Japanese forces.[3] According to the Governor's Gallery installed in the Cebu Provincial Capitol, his term was placed between 1944 and 1945.[8] He participated in the assembly called by KALIBAPI (Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipino), the group that replaced political parties, that ratified the Constitution on September 7, 1943.[3] When the National Assembly convened in 1943, he was one of the representatives of Cebu together with Delgado.[9]

Before the end of the war, he was killed and his remains have never been found.[4][10] There are several accounts that explained his death, one of which was that he was held as hostage by the Japanese army in their retreat towards the northern part of Cebu and then he was executed. Another account claimed that together with Paulino Gullas and other Cebuano officials, he was taken by the Japanese to the Babag Ridge area and died when Americans bombed the cave in which they were hiding.[3] Leyson was hailed as a hero and martyr.[11]

Historical commemoration

[edit]

Governor Jose S. Leyson Street, formerly known as Progreso Street, was named in his honor in accordance to the Cebu City Council enacted on August 5, 1971.[7] On October 12, 2018, the ordinance was implemented by unveiling the street sign in Barangay Ermita, Cebu City.[11]

Further reading

[edit]
  • Certificate of Filing of Amended Articles of incorporation of Visayan Surety & Insurance Corporation
  • Mojares, Resil et al., The War in Cebu, University of San Carlos (2015)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "José S. Leyson y Floreta". Geni.com. March 5, 2023. Retrieved November 10, 2023.
  2. ^ Oaminal, Clarence Paul (July 25, 2018). "The Joses of the Cebu Provincial Capitol and City Hall | The Freeman". The Philippine Star. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
  3. ^ a b c d e Mojares, Resil B. (2015). The war in Cebu. Bersales, Jose Eleazar R. (Jose Eleazar Reynes). Talamban, Cebu City, Philippines: University of San Carlos Press. ISBN 9789715390705. OCLC 945648989.
  4. ^ a b c Funa, Atty Dennis B. (August 9, 2016). "Manuel Gotianuy". BusinessMirror. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
  5. ^ Securities and Exchange Commission. "Certificate of Filing of Amended Articles of Incorporation" (PDF). visayansurety.com. Visayan Surety & Insurance Corporation. Retrieved May 12, 2019.[permanent dead link‍]
  6. ^ "Statement: President Quezon on Appointments confirmed by Commission on Appointments of National Assembly, November 11, 1939 | GOVPH". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
  7. ^ a b c Oaminal, Oaminal (November 12, 2018). "Jose S. Leyson Street, unveiled at last". Philippine Star; The Freeman through Pressreader. Retrieved May 12, 2019 – via PressReader.
  8. ^ a b Newman, Jenara Regis (September 15, 2015). "Viewing a slice of Cebu history". Sunstar. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
  9. ^ Philippines (1943). Official Gazette.
  10. ^ Oaminal, Clarence Paul (June 4, 2018). "President Quezon's Cebuano appointees in 1939 | The Freeman". The Philippine Star. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
  11. ^ a b Letigio, Delta Dyrecka (October 13, 2018). "Forty-year ordinance implemented: Street renamed after WWII 'martyr-gov'". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
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