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Coordinates: 43°10′0″N 26°49′1.2″E / 43.16667°N 26.817000°E / 43.16667; 26.817000
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|image_skyline = Preslav fortress 11.jpg
|image_skyline = Preslav fortress 11.jpg
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = [[Bulgaria]]
|subdivision_name = {{BGR}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Bulgaria|Province]]<br><small>(Oblast)</small>
|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Bulgaria|Province]]<br /><small>(Oblast)</small>
|timezone=[[Eastern European Time|EET]]
|timezone=[[Eastern European Time|EET]]
|utc_offset=+2
|utc_offset=+2
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|pushpin_mapsize =
|pushpin_mapsize =
|leader_title =Mayor
|leader_title =Mayor
|postal_code_type =[[List of postal codes in Bulgaria|Postal Code]]
|postal_code_type =Postal Code
|native_name=Велики Преслав
|native_name=Велики Преслав
|subdivision_name1=[[Shumen Province|Shumen]]|
|subdivision_name1=[[Shumen Province|Shumen]]|
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}}
}}


The modern '''Veliki Preslav''' or '''Great Preslav''' ({{lang-bg|Велики Преслав}}), former '''Preslav''' (until 1993), is a city and the seat of government of the [[Veliki Preslav Municipality]] (Great Preslav Municipality, new Bulgarian: ''obshtina''), which in turn is part of [[Shumen Province]]. Veliki Preslav is situated at an altitude of 132 m.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://elevationmap.net/veliki-preslav-bulgaria?latlngs=(43.1645409,26.81796750000001)|title=Veliki Preslav Bulgaria on the Elevation Map. Topographic Map of Veliki Preslav Bulgaria.|first=|last=elevationmap.net|website=elevationmap.net}}</ref>
The modern '''Veliki Preslav''' or '''Great Preslav''' ({{langx|bg|Велики Преслав}}, {{IPA|bg|vɛˈliki prɛˈsɫaf|pron}}), former '''Preslav''' ({{langx|bg|link=no|Преслав}}; until 1993), is a city and the seat of government of the [[Veliki Preslav Municipality]] (Great Preslav Municipality, new Bulgarian: ''obshtina''), which in turn is part of [[Shumen Province]], [[Bulgaria]]. Veliki Preslav is situated at an altitude of 132 m (92 m above sea level).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://elevationmap.net/veliki-preslav-bulgaria?latlngs=(43.1645409,26.81796750000001)|title=Veliki Preslav Bulgaria on the Elevation Map. Topographic Map of Veliki Preslav Bulgaria.|last=elevationmap.net|website=elevationmap.net}}</ref>


A former village, it assumed the name of the medieval capital in 1878 and became a town in 1883. As of December 2009, it has a population of 8,951 inhabitants.<ref name="statistika">{{en icon}} [http://www.nsi.bg/otrasalen.php?otr=53&a1=1583&a2=1584&a3=1588#cont Bulgarian National Statistical Institute – Bulgarian towns in 2009]</ref><ref name="population">{{en icon}} [http://www.citypopulation.de/Bulgaria-Cities.html „WorldCityPopulation“]</ref><ref name="pop-stat">{{cite web|url=http://pop-stat.mashke.org/bulgaria-cities.htm|title=„pop-stat.mashke.org“|publisher=}}</ref>
A former village, it assumed the name of the medieval capital in 1878 and became a town in 1883. As of December 2009, it had a population of 8,951.<ref name="statistika">{{in lang|en}} [http://www.nsi.bg/otrasalen.php?otr=53&a1=1583&a2=1584&a3=1588#cont Bulgarian National Statistical Institute – Bulgarian towns in 2009]</ref><ref name="population">{{in lang|en}} [http://www.citypopulation.de/Bulgaria-Cities.html „WorldCityPopulation“]</ref><ref name="pop-stat">{{cite web|url=http://pop-stat.mashke.org/bulgaria-cities.htm|title="pop-stat.mashke.org"}}</ref>


⚫
Preslav was the capital of the [[First Bulgarian Empire]] from 893 to 972 and was one of the most important cities in medieval Southeastern Europe. The ruins of the city are situated in modern northeastern [[Bulgaria]], some 20 kilometres southwest of the regional capital of [[Shumen]], and are currently a national archaeological reserve.
The town lies at {{coord|43|10|N|26|49|E}}, 92 m above sea level.

⚫
Preslav ({{lang-bg|Преслав}}) was the capital of the [[First Bulgarian Empire]] from 893 to 972 and one of the most important cities of medieval Southeastern Europe. The ruins of the city are situated in modern northeastern [[Bulgaria]], some 20 kilometres southwest of the regional capital of [[Shumen]], and are currently a national archaeological reserve.


==History==
==History==
[[Image:Preslav-plan-tbozhinov.gif|right|thumb|250px|Plan of Preslav]]
[[Image:Preslav-plan-tbozhinov.gif|right|thumb|250px|Plan of Preslav]]


The name of Preslav is of [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] origin; apparently it was initially founded and functioned as a Slavic settlement until its fortification at the beginning of the 9th century. The proximity to the then Bulgarian capital of [[Pliska]] led to the fast development and expansion of Preslav during the reign of the Khans [[Krum]] and [[Omurtag]]. By the time of the coronation of Khan [[Boris I of Bulgaria|Boris I]] in 852, Preslav had turned into an important strategic military centre and was the seat of the [[Ichirgu-boil]]. A number of churches were built in the city after the conversion of the [[Bulgarians]] to Christianity in 864.
The name of Preslav is of [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] origin; apparently it was initially founded and functioned as a Slavic settlement until its fortification at the beginning of the ninth century. The proximity to the then Bulgarian capital of [[Pliska]] led to the fast development and expansion of Preslav during the reign of the Khans [[Krum]] and [[Omurtag]]. By the time of the coronation of Khan [[Boris I of Bulgaria|Boris I]] in 852, Preslav had turned into an important strategic military centre and was the seat of the [[Ichirgu-boil]]. A number of churches were built in the city after the conversion of the [[Bulgarians]] to Christianity in 864.


The pagan revolt of the [[Pliska]] nobility led by Prince [[Vladimir of Bulgaria|Vladimir]] in 892 was decisive for the future destiny of the city. In 893 Vladimir was dethroned and during the [[Council of Preslav]] Boris I appointed [[Simeon I of Bulgaria|Simeon the Great]] as his successor and decided to move the capital of the state from the still somewhat pagan Pliska to Preslav. In the following 80 years the city developed rapidly, turning into a centre not only of Bulgarian politics and diplomacy, but also of Slavic culture, literature and fine arts. A chronicler mentioned that it took Simeon 28 years to establish and build up his new capital. Archeological excavations have, however, proved that the city continued to develop also during the 930s and 940s and reached the peak in its growth and magnificence in the middle of the rule of Emperor [[Peter I of Bulgaria]].
The pagan revolt of the [[Pliska]] nobility led by Prince [[Vladimir of Bulgaria|Vladimir]] in 892 was decisive for the future destiny of the city. In 893 Vladimir was dethroned and during the [[Council of Preslav]] Boris I appointed [[Simeon I of Bulgaria|Simeon the Great]] as his successor and decided to move the capital of the state from the still somewhat pagan Pliska to Preslav. In the following 80 years the city developed rapidly, turning into a centre not only of Bulgarian politics and diplomacy, but also of Slavic culture, literature and fine arts. A chronicler mentioned that it took Simeon 28 years to establish and build up his new capital. Archeological excavations have, however, proved that the city continued to develop also during the 930s and 940s and reached the peak in its growth and magnificence in the middle of the rule of Emperor [[Peter I of Bulgaria]].
Line 45: Line 43:
[[File:Golden Church in Veliki Preslav.jpg|thumb|The Round Church, also known as the Golden Church of Veliki Preslav]]
[[File:Golden Church in Veliki Preslav.jpg|thumb|The Round Church, also known as the Golden Church of Veliki Preslav]]


In view of the impressive town planning, the vital economy and the grandeur of buildings like the [[Round Church, Preslav|Round Church]] and the Royal Palace, Preslav was a true rival of the largest and most important city centres in the western hemisphere. Culturally, it was the centre of the [[Preslav Literary School]] which was founded in Pliska in 886 and was moved to Preslav along with the rest of the court in 893. The greatest Bulgarian writers from the [[Bulgarian language|Old Bulgarian]] period worked in Preslav, among them [[John Exarch]], [[Constantine of Preslav]], [[Chernorizets Hrabar]]. It was probably around the Preslav Literary School that the [[Cyrillic script]] developed in the 10th century. The city also had large ceramic workshops which produced art ceramics, glazed tiles, as well as ceramic icons and [[iconostases]].
In view of the impressive town planning, the vital economy and the grandeur of buildings like the [[Round Church, Preslav|Round Church]] and the Royal Palace, Preslav was a true rival of the largest and most important city centres in the western hemisphere. Culturally, it was the centre of the [[Preslav Literary School]] which was founded in Pliska in 886 and was moved to Preslav along with the rest of the court in 893. The greatest Bulgarian writers from the [[Bulgarian language|Old Bulgarian]] period worked in Preslav, among them [[John Exarch]], [[Constantine of Preslav]], [[Chernorizets Hrabar]]. It was probably around the Preslav Literary School that the [[Cyrillic script]] developed in the tenth century. The city also had large ceramic workshops which produced art ceramics, glazed tiles, as well as ceramic icons and [[iconostases]].


The city's fortune underwent a dramatic downturn at the end of the 960s, when it was [[Sviatoslav's invasion of Bulgaria|occupied]] by Kievan Prince [[Sviatoslav I of Kiev|Sviatoslav]]. The ensuing war between Rus' and Byzantines left the city burnt and ravaged by the army of [[Byzantine Emperor]] [[John I Tzimisces]]. The conquerors took away the treasury, the Bulgarian [[Tsar]]'s regalia and a large part of the library of Simeon. Although the city did not lose its importance in the next three hundred years, the neighbouring outskirts and the big monasteries became desolate, the economy lost its vitality and significance.
The city's fortune underwent a dramatic downturn at the end of the 960s, when it was [[Sviatoslav's invasion of Bulgaria|occupied]] by Kievan Prince [[Sviatoslav I of Kiev|Sviatoslav]]. The ensuing war between Rus' and Byzantines left the city burnt and ravaged by the army of [[Byzantine Emperor]] [[John I Tzimisces]]. The conquerors took away the treasury, the Bulgarian [[Tsar]]'s regalia and a large part of the library of Simeon. Although the city did not lose its importance in the next three hundred years, the neighbouring outskirts and the big monasteries became desolate, the economy lost its vitality and significance. It is mentioned by [[Anna Komnene]] in the [[Alexiad]] under the hellenised name ''Megale Peristhlaba''.


Preslav regained some of its importance in Bulgarian politics during the first years of the joint rule of the founders of the [[Second Bulgarian Empire]], [[Peter IV of Bulgaria]] and [[Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria|Ivan Asen I]]. Apparently, Ivan Asen ruled from the centre of the uprising, [[Tarnovgrad]], whereas his brother and co-ruler Theodore Peter resided in Preslav as a symbol of the renewed statehood of Bulgaria. The strategic advantages of Tarnovgrad were, however, decisive in the long run and the significance of Preslav waned in the course of the 13th century. The [[Tatar]] raids during the 1270s drove away the last citizens of Preslav, along with the protothroned bishop of the city. Some of the surviving refugees built up a village of the same name only two kilometres north from the fortress where the contemporary town of Veliki Preslav is now situated.
Preslav regained some of its importance in Bulgarian politics during the first years of the joint rule of the founders of the [[Second Bulgarian Empire]], [[Peter IV of Bulgaria]] and [[Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria|Ivan Asen I]]. Apparently, Ivan Asen ruled from the centre of the uprising, [[Tarnovgrad]], whereas his brother and co-ruler Theodore Peter resided in Preslav as a symbol of the renewed statehood of Bulgaria. The strategic advantages of Tarnovgrad were, however, decisive in the long run and the significance of Preslav waned in the course of the 13th century. The [[Tatars|Tatar]] raids during the 1270s drove away the last citizens of Preslav, along with the protothroned bishop of the city. Some of the surviving refugees built up a village of the same name only two kilometres north from the fortress where the contemporary town of Veliki Preslav is now situated.


[[Preslav Crag]] on [[Livingston Island]] in the [[South Shetland Islands]], [[Antarctica]] is named after Preslav.
[[Preslav Crag]] on [[Livingston Island]] in the [[South Shetland Islands]], [[Antarctica]] is named after Preslav.
Line 71: Line 69:
| ref 2 =<ref name="population"/>
| ref 2 =<ref name="population"/>
| ref 3 =<ref name="pop-stat"/>
| ref 3 =<ref name="pop-stat"/>
| ref 4 =<ref name="BAN">{{bg icon}} [http://www.geography.iit.bas.bg/2009/1-09/13-17.pdf Bulgarian Academy of Sciences] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706142758/http://www.geography.iit.bas.bg/2009/1-09/13-17.pdf |date=6 July 2011 }}</ref></small>
| ref 4 =<ref name="BAN">{{in lang|bg}} [http://www.geography.iit.bas.bg/2009/1-09/13-17.pdf Bulgarian Academy of Sciences] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706142758/http://www.geography.iit.bas.bg/2009/1-09/13-17.pdf |date=6 July 2011 }}</ref>
}}
}}


Line 77: Line 75:


== Education ==
== Education ==
* Simeon Veliki 's technical high school
* Simeon Veliki's technical high school
* Farming high school
* Farming high school


== Climate ==
== Climate ==

<div style="width:100%">
{{Weather box
{{Weather box
|width = auto
|location = Veliki Preslav
|location = Veliki Preslav
|single line = Yes
|single line = Yes
Line 130: Line 127:
|source 1 = Weatherbase<ref name="climate">{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=44551&refer=wikipedia|title=Shumen, Bulgaria Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)|website=Weatherbase}}</ref>
|source 1 = Weatherbase<ref name="climate">{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=44551&refer=wikipedia|title=Shumen, Bulgaria Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)|website=Weatherbase}}</ref>
|date=February 2012}}
|date=February 2012}}
</div>


== Culture ==
== Culture ==
The National Historical and Archaeological Reserve and Museum are located in the town. In 1906 Yordan Gospodinov with the help from K. Shkorpil,established Archaeological Society "Ticha".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.museum-preslav.com/museum.html|title=Археологически музей “Велики Преслав”|website=www.museum-preslav.com}}</ref> Every year in the town are conducted May cultural celebrations "Spring in Preslav".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://velikipreslav.bg/native_customs.php|title=Община Велики Преслав|website=velikipreslav.bg}}</ref>
The National Historical and Archaeological Reserve and Museum are located in the town. In 1906 Yordan Gospodinov with the help from K. Shkorpil, established Archaeological Society "Ticha".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.museum-preslav.com/museum.html|title=Археологически музей "Велики Преслав"|website=www.museum-preslav.com}}</ref> Every year in the town are conducted May cultural celebrations "Spring in Preslav".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://velikipreslav.bg/native_customs.php|title=Община Велики Преслав|website=velikipreslav.bg}}</ref>
Community Center "Razvitie" were established in 1874.
Community Center "Razvitie" were established in 1874.


Line 183: Line 179:


[[Category:Veliki Preslav| ]]
[[Category:Veliki Preslav| ]]
[[Category:100 Tourist Sites of Bulgaria]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Bulgaria]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Shumen Province]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Shumen Province]]
[[Category:Populated places in Shumen Province]]
[[Category:Populated places in Shumen Province]]

Latest revision as of 23:20, 2 December 2024

Veliki Preslav
Велики Преслав
Veliki Preslav is located in Bulgaria
Veliki Preslav
Veliki Preslav
Location of Veliki Preslav, Bulgaria
Coordinates: 43°10′0″N 26°49′1.2″E / 43.16667°N 26.817000°E / 43.16667; 26.817000
Country Bulgaria
Province
(Oblast)		Shumen
Elevation
92 m (302 ft)
Population
 (2009-12-31)[1][2][3]
 • City
8,951
 • Urban
14,960
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal Code
9850
Area code0538

The modern Veliki Preslav or Great Preslav (Bulgarian: Велики Преслав, pronounced [vɛˈliki prɛˈsɫaf]), former Preslav (Bulgarian: Преслав; until 1993), is a city and the seat of government of the Veliki Preslav Municipality (Great Preslav Municipality, new Bulgarian: obshtina), which in turn is part of Shumen Province, Bulgaria. Veliki Preslav is situated at an altitude of 132 m (92 m above sea level).[4]

A former village, it assumed the name of the medieval capital in 1878 and became a town in 1883. As of December 2009, it had a population of 8,951.[1][2][3]

Preslav was the capital of the First Bulgarian Empire from 893 to 972 and was one of the most important cities in medieval Southeastern Europe. The ruins of the city are situated in modern northeastern Bulgaria, some 20 kilometres southwest of the regional capital of Shumen, and are currently a national archaeological reserve.

History

[edit]
Plan of Preslav

The name of Preslav is of Slavic origin; apparently it was initially founded and functioned as a Slavic settlement until its fortification at the beginning of the ninth century. The proximity to the then Bulgarian capital of Pliska led to the fast development and expansion of Preslav during the reign of the Khans Krum and Omurtag. By the time of the coronation of Khan Boris I in 852, Preslav had turned into an important strategic military centre and was the seat of the Ichirgu-boil. A number of churches were built in the city after the conversion of the Bulgarians to Christianity in 864.

The pagan revolt of the Pliska nobility led by Prince Vladimir in 892 was decisive for the future destiny of the city. In 893 Vladimir was dethroned and during the Council of Preslav Boris I appointed Simeon the Great as his successor and decided to move the capital of the state from the still somewhat pagan Pliska to Preslav. In the following 80 years the city developed rapidly, turning into a centre not only of Bulgarian politics and diplomacy, but also of Slavic culture, literature and fine arts. A chronicler mentioned that it took Simeon 28 years to establish and build up his new capital. Archeological excavations have, however, proved that the city continued to develop also during the 930s and 940s and reached the peak in its growth and magnificence in the middle of the rule of Emperor Peter I of Bulgaria.

The Round Church, also known as the Golden Church of Veliki Preslav

In view of the impressive town planning, the vital economy and the grandeur of buildings like the Round Church and the Royal Palace, Preslav was a true rival of the largest and most important city centres in the western hemisphere. Culturally, it was the centre of the Preslav Literary School which was founded in Pliska in 886 and was moved to Preslav along with the rest of the court in 893. The greatest Bulgarian writers from the Old Bulgarian period worked in Preslav, among them John Exarch, Constantine of Preslav, Chernorizets Hrabar. It was probably around the Preslav Literary School that the Cyrillic script developed in the tenth century. The city also had large ceramic workshops which produced art ceramics, glazed tiles, as well as ceramic icons and iconostases.

The city's fortune underwent a dramatic downturn at the end of the 960s, when it was occupied by Kievan Prince Sviatoslav. The ensuing war between Rus' and Byzantines left the city burnt and ravaged by the army of Byzantine Emperor John I Tzimisces. The conquerors took away the treasury, the Bulgarian Tsar's regalia and a large part of the library of Simeon. Although the city did not lose its importance in the next three hundred years, the neighbouring outskirts and the big monasteries became desolate, the economy lost its vitality and significance. It is mentioned by Anna Komnene in the Alexiad under the hellenised name Megale Peristhlaba.

Preslav regained some of its importance in Bulgarian politics during the first years of the joint rule of the founders of the Second Bulgarian Empire, Peter IV of Bulgaria and Ivan Asen I. Apparently, Ivan Asen ruled from the centre of the uprising, Tarnovgrad, whereas his brother and co-ruler Theodore Peter resided in Preslav as a symbol of the renewed statehood of Bulgaria. The strategic advantages of Tarnovgrad were, however, decisive in the long run and the significance of Preslav waned in the course of the 13th century. The Tatar raids during the 1270s drove away the last citizens of Preslav, along with the protothroned bishop of the city. Some of the surviving refugees built up a village of the same name only two kilometres north from the fortress where the contemporary town of Veliki Preslav is now situated.

Preslav Crag on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Preslav.

Population

[edit]
Veliki Preslav
Year 1887 1910 1934 1946 1956 1965 1975 1985 1992 2001 2005 2009 2011 2021
Population ?? ?? ?? 4,127 5,499 8,143 11,298 10,865 9,969 9,328 9,265 8,951 ?? ??
Highest number ?? in ??
Sources: National Statistical Institute,[1] citypopulation.de,[2] pop-stat.mashke.org,[3] Bulgarian Academy of Sciences[5]
Town Hall

Education

[edit]
  • Simeon Veliki's technical high school
  • Farming high school

Climate

[edit]
Climate data for Veliki Preslav
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 5.6
(42.1) 		7.8
(46.0) 		12.2
(54.0) 		18.1
(64.6) 		23.7
(74.7) 		27.0
(80.6) 		30.1
(86.2) 		30.2
(86.4) 		25.3
(77.5) 		19.0
(66.2) 		12.2
(54.0) 		6.2
(43.2) 		18.0
(64.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 1.3
(34.3) 		2.5
(36.5) 		7.0
(44.6) 		12.6
(54.7) 		18.0
(64.4) 		21.3
(70.3) 		24.1
(75.4) 		24.1
(75.4) 		20.1
(68.2) 		14.0
(57.2) 		8.2
(46.8) 		2.3
(36.1) 		13.0
(55.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −1.8
(28.8) 		−1.0
(30.2) 		2.3
(36.1) 		7.1
(44.8) 		12.0
(53.6) 		15.5
(59.9) 		18.0
(64.4) 		18.1
(64.6) 		14.2
(57.6) 		8.8
(47.8) 		4.2
(39.6) 		0.7
(33.3) 		8.0
(46.4)
Source: Weatherbase[6]

Culture

[edit]

The National Historical and Archaeological Reserve and Museum are located in the town. In 1906 Yordan Gospodinov with the help from K. Shkorpil, established Archaeological Society "Ticha".[7] Every year in the town are conducted May cultural celebrations "Spring in Preslav".[8] Community Center "Razvitie" were established in 1874.

Sport

[edit]
  • FC Preslav
[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c (in English) Bulgarian National Statistical Institute – Bulgarian towns in 2009
  2. ^ a b c (in English) „WorldCityPopulation“
  3. ^ a b c ""pop-stat.mashke.org"".
  4. ^ elevationmap.net. "Veliki Preslav Bulgaria on the Elevation Map. Topographic Map of Veliki Preslav Bulgaria". elevationmap.net.
  5. ^ (in Bulgarian) Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Archived 6 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ "Shumen, Bulgaria Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)". Weatherbase.
  7. ^ "Археологически музей "Велики Преслав"". www.museum-preslav.com.
  8. ^ "Община Велики Преслав". velikipreslav.bg.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Veliki Preslav.
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