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{{Infobox philosopher
{{Infobox philosopher
|region = [[Western philosophy]]
|region = [[Western philosophy]]
|era = [[20th-century philosophy|20th-]]/[[21st-century philosophy]]
|era = [[Contemporary philosophy]]
|name = Frithjof Bergmann
|name = Frithjof Bergmann
|image = Frithjof Bergmann.jpg
|image = Frithjof Bergmann.jpg
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1930|12|24|df=y}}
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1930|12|24|df=y}}
|birth_place = {{ill|Weickelsdorf|de}},<ref>[https://newwork-newculture.dev/frithjofbergmann/ 'Frithjof Bergmann – Wir sollen nicht der Arbeit dienen, sondern die Arbeit soll uns dienen.']</ref> [[Weißenfels (district)|Weißenfels]], [[Province of Saxony]], [[Free State of Prussia]], [[Weimar Republic|Germany]]
|birth_place = {{ill|Weickelsdorf|de}},<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newwork-newculture.dev/frithjofbergmann/|title=Frithjof Bergmann}}</ref> [[Weißenfels (district)|Weißenfels]], [[Province of Saxony]], [[Free State of Prussia]], [[Weimar Republic|Germany]]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|2021|5|23|1930|12|24|df=y}}<ref name=:0/>
|death_date = {{Death date and age|2021|5|23|1930|12|24|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Ann Arbor, Michigan]],<ref name=:0>[https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/ann-arbor-mi/frithjof-bergmann-10204193 'Obituary: Frithjof Harold Bergmann. December 24, 1930 – May 23, 2021.']</ref> U.S.
|death_place = [[Ann Arbor, Michigan]], U.S.
|main_interests = [[Existentialism]]<br>[[Cultural philosophy]]<br>[[Philosophy of mind]]<br>[[Politics]]<br>[[Ethics]]
|main_interests = [[Existentialism]]<br>[[Cultural philosophy]]<br>[[Politics]]<br>[[Ethics]]
|alma_mater = [[Princeton University]]
|alma_mater = [[Princeton University]]
|school_tradition = [[Continental philosophy]]
|school_tradition = [[Continental philosophy]]
|notable_ideas = [[New Work]]
|notable_ideas = [[New Work]]
|influences = [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Hegel]], [[Friedrich Nietzsche|Nietzsche]], [[Jean-Paul Sartre|Sartre]], [[Walter Kaufmann (philosopher)|Kaufmann]], [[Immanuel Kant|Kant]]
|influenced = [[Robert C. Solomon]], [[Anthony Weston]], [[André Gorz]]
}}
}}


'''Frithjof Harold Bergmann''' (24 December 1930 – 23 May 2021) was a German professor of [[philosophy]] at the [[University of Michigan]], where he taught courses on [[existentialism]], [[continental philosophy]], [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Hegel]], and [[Karl Marx|Marx]]. He was know for the concept of '''New Work'''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://job-wizards.com/en/new-work-makes-everything-new/|title=The future of work is called New Work|date=27 March 2018|website=Job Wizards|language=en-en|access-date=28 November 2019}}</ref>
'''Frithjof Harold Bergmann''' (24 December 1930 – 23 May 2021) was a German professor of philosophy at the [[University of Michigan]], where he taught courses on [[existentialism]], [[continental philosophy]], [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Hegel]], and [[Karl Marx|Marx]]. He was known for the concept of '''New Work'''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://job-wizards.com/en/new-work-makes-everything-new/|title=The future of work is called New Work|date=27 March 2018|website=Job Wizards|language=en-en|access-date=28 November 2019}}</ref>


==Life and work==
==Life and work==
Frithjof Bergmann first moved to the US as a student, where he lived and worked throughout his life. He entered the doctoral program in philosophy at [[Princeton University]] and studied under [[Walter Kaufmann (philosopher)|Walter Kaufmann]], receiving his [[Ph.D.]] in 1959 with a dissertation entitled "Harmony and Reason: An Introduction to the Philosophy of [[Hegel]]."<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1959 |title=Doctoral Dissertations, 1959 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20123751 |journal=The Review of Metaphysics |volume=13 |issue=1 |page=197 |issn=0034-6632 |quote=FRITHJOF H. BERGMANN , “ Harmony and Reason , An Introduction to the Philosophy of Hegel . ” Adviser : W. Kaufmann}}</ref> In addition, Professor Bergmann was a [[Nietzsche]] scholar; his publications include "Nietzsche's Critique of Morality" (published in ''Reading Nietzsche'', Oxford University Press, 1988). He spent most of his academic career at the [[University of Michigan]], where he was a professor and visible political activist. He taught also at [[The University of California, Berkeley]], [[Stanford University]] and [[The University of California, Santa Cruz]]. Among his more notable PhD students at the University of Michigan were [[Robert C. Solomon]] and [[Anthony Weston]]. He is credited as one of the creators of the [[teach-in]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Uzelac |first=Ellen |date=January 20, 1991 |title=Peace movement now is mix of old, new protesters with Middle American touch WAR IN THE GULF |work=[[The Baltimore Sun]] |url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1991-01-20/news/1991020032_1_vietnam-war-war-protests-anti-war-movement |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303015507/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1991-01-20/news/1991020032_1_vietnam-war-war-protests-anti-war-movement |archive-date=March 3, 1991 |quote="It isn't just old lefties opposing this war," noted University of Michigan philosophy professor Frithjof Bergmann, who was credited with creating the teach-in during the Vietnam War.}}</ref> the first of which was held on the Michigan campus in March 1965.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The First U of M Teach-In (March 1965) |url=https://michiganintheworld.history.lsa.umich.edu/antivietnamwar/exhibits/show/exhibit/the_teach_ins/first_teach_in |access-date=23 June 2022 |website=Resistance and Revolution: The Anti-Vietnam War Movement At The University of Michigan, 1965 - 1972 |quote=From 8pm March 24th until 8 am March 25th, the first teach-in took place in Angell Hall Auditorium at the University of Michigan. [...] Some of the prominent speakers included: William Gamson, Arthur Waskow, Anatol Rapoport, Michael Zweig (future chairman of Voice), Carl Ogelsby, Al Haber, Frithjof Bergmann, and J. Edgar Edwards.}}</ref>
Frithjof Bergmann first moved to the US as a student, where he lived and worked throughout his life. He entered the doctoral program in philosophy at [[Princeton University]] and studied under [[Walter Kaufmann (philosopher)|Walter Kaufmann]], receiving his [[Ph.D.]] in 1959 with a dissertation entitled "Harmony and Reason: An Introduction to the Philosophy of [[Hegel]]."<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1959 |title=Doctoral Dissertations, 1959 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20123751 |journal=The Review of Metaphysics |volume=13 |issue=1 |page=197 |jstor=20123751 |issn=0034-6632 |quote=FRITHJOF H. BERGMANN , “ Harmony and Reason , An Introduction to the Philosophy of Hegel . ” Adviser : W. Kaufmann}}</ref> In addition, Professor Bergmann was a [[Nietzsche]] scholar; his publications include "Nietzsche's Critique of Morality" (published in ''Reading Nietzsche'', Oxford University Press, 1988). He spent most of his academic career at the [[University of Michigan]], where he was a professor and visible political activist. He taught also at [[The University of California, Berkeley]], [[Stanford University]] and [[The University of California, Santa Cruz]]. Among his more notable PhD students at the University of Michigan were [[Robert C. Solomon]] and [[Anthony Weston]]. He is credited as one of the creators of the [[teach-in]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Uzelac |first=Ellen |date=January 20, 1991 |title=Peace movement now is mix of old, new protesters with Middle American touch WAR IN THE GULF |work=[[The Baltimore Sun]] |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/1991/01/20/peace-movement-now-is-mix-of-old-new-protesters-with-middle-american-touch-war-in-the-gulf/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303015507/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1991-01-20/news/1991020032_1_vietnam-war-war-protests-anti-war-movement |archive-date=3 March 2012 |url-status=live |quote="It isn't just old lefties opposing this war," noted University of Michigan philosophy professor Frithjof Bergmann, who was credited with creating the teach-in during the Vietnam War.}}</ref> the first of which was held on the Michigan campus in March 1965.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The First U of M Teach-In (March 1965) |url=https://michiganintheworld.history.lsa.umich.edu/antivietnamwar/exhibits/show/exhibit/the_teach_ins/first_teach_in |access-date=23 June 2022 |website=Resistance and Revolution: The Anti-Vietnam War Movement At The University of Michigan, 1965 - 1972 |quote=From 8pm March 24th until 8 am March 25th, the first teach-in took place in Angell Hall Auditorium at the University of Michigan. [...] Some of the prominent speakers included: William Gamson, Arthur Waskow, Anatol Rapoport, Michael Zweig (future chairman of Voice), Carl Ogelsby, Al Haber, Frithjof Bergmann, and J. Edgar Edwards.}}</ref>


Frithjof Bergmann's interests included continental philosophy{{mdash}}especially Hegel, Nietzsche, [[Sartre]] and existentialism generally{{mdash}}and also [[Social philosophy|social]] and [[political philosophy]], [[philosophical anthropology]], and [[philosophy of culture]]. His article ''The Experience of Values'' (reprinted in ''Revisions: Changing Perspectives in Moral Philosophy'' by University of Notre Dame Press, 1983) is used in universities throughout the world. His book ''On Being Free'' (1977) was issued in a paperback edition in 1978. In this book,<ref name="Bergmann1977">{{cite book
Frithjof Bergmann's interests included continental philosophy{{mdash}}especially Hegel, Nietzsche, [[Sartre]] and existentialism generally{{mdash}}and also [[Social philosophy|social]] and [[political philosophy]], [[philosophical anthropology]], and [[philosophy of culture]]. His article ''The Experience of Values'' (reprinted in ''Revisions: Changing Perspectives in Moral Philosophy'' by University of Notre Dame Press, 1983) is used in universities throughout the world. His book ''On Being Free'' (1977) was issued in a paperback edition in 1978. In this book,<ref name="Bergmann1977">{{cite book
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In the years between 1976 and 1979 he undertook trips to the former countries of the [[Eastern Bloc]] and began to question [[capitalism]] and [[communism]]. In this time, he introduces his concept of [[New Work]]. In 1984, Bergmann founded an organization called the [[Center for New Work]] in [[Flint, Michigan]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lsa.umich.edu/philosophy/philosophy_detail/0,2874,19979%255Fpeople%255F43209936,00.html |title=Department of Philosophy at the University of Michigan |access-date=21 January 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526231107/http://www.lsa.umich.edu/philosophy/philosophy_detail/0,2874,19979_people_43209936,00.html |archive-date=26 May 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Together with others he formulated a novel proposal that became known as the "6 months--6 months proposal."
In the years between 1976 and 1979 he undertook trips to the former countries of the [[Eastern Bloc]] and began to question [[capitalism]] and [[communism]]. In this time, he introduces his concept of [[New Work]]. In 1984, Bergmann founded an organization called the [[Center for New Work]] in [[Flint, Michigan]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lsa.umich.edu/philosophy/philosophy_detail/0,2874,19979%255Fpeople%255F43209936,00.html |title=Department of Philosophy at the University of Michigan |access-date=21 January 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526231107/http://www.lsa.umich.edu/philosophy/philosophy_detail/0,2874,19979_people_43209936,00.html |archive-date=26 May 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Together with others he formulated a novel proposal that became known as the "6 months--6 months proposal."

Bergmann died in [[Ann Arbor, Michigan]] on 23 May 2021, at the age of 90.<ref name=:0>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/ann-arbor-mi/frithjof-bergmann-10204193|title=Frithjof Bergmann Obituary - Ann Arbor, MI|website=Dignity Memorial}}</ref>


==New Work==
==New Work==
The concept of '''New Work''' describes the new way of working of today's society in the global and digital age. The term was coined by Bergmann and is based on his research on the notion of freedom and the assumption that the previous work system was outdated.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gruenderszene.de/lexikon/begriffe/new-work|title=New Work Definition|website=Gründerszene Magazin|language=de|access-date=2019-11-28}}</ref>
The concept of '''New Work''' describes the new way of working of today's society in the global and digital age. The term was coined by Bergmann and is based on his research on the notion of freedom and the assumption that the previous work system was outdated.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.gruenderszene.de/lexikon/begriffe/new-work|title=New Work Definition|website=Gründerszene Magazin|date=January 2019 |language=de|access-date=2019-11-28}}</ref>


===Philosophy===
===Philosophy===
Bergmann's concept starts with a critical assessment of the American understanding of ''liberty''. He does not consider ''liberty'' the option to choose between two or more, more or less better or worse options (''liberty to choose''); his understanding of ''liberty'' is the option to do something that is ''really, really important'' (''decide what you '''want''' to do because you believe in it'').
Bergmann's concept starts with a critical assessment of the American understanding of ''liberty''. He does not consider ''liberty'' the option to choose between two or more, more or less better or worse options (''liberty to choose''); his understanding of ''liberty'' is the option to do something that is ''really, really important'' (''decide what you '''want''' to do because you believe in it'').


The core values of the concept of New Work are [[autonomy]], freedom and participation in the community. New Work should offer new ways of creativity and personal development, thus contributing something really important to the job market. In this way, real "freedom of action" is possible.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gruenderszene.de/lexikon/begriffe/new-work|title=New Work Definition|website=Gründerszene Magazin|language=de|access-date=2019-11-28}}</ref> The main idea of ''New Work'' is to create space for creativity and self-[[Self-fulfillment|fulfillment]] (or: The Pursuit of Happiness). Since he considers the job system to be obsolete, mankind has the option to get rid of [[wage labor]].
The core values of the concept of New Work are [[autonomy]], freedom and participation in the community. New Work should offer new ways of creativity and personal development, thus contributing something really important to the job market. In this way, real "freedom of action" is possible.<ref name="auto"/> The main idea of ''New Work'' is to create space for creativity and self-[[Self-fulfillment|fulfillment]] (or: The Pursuit of Happiness). Since he considers the job system to be obsolete, mankind has the option to get rid of [[wage labor]].


===Structure===
===Structure===
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In so-called 'centers for new work' the idea is that people collaborate and with the support of mentors, they try to identify what kind of work they really, really want to do. This process is of course complex, demanding and time-consuming. Bergmann uses the term 'Selbstunkenntnis'. By the process of trying to identify what a person really, really wants to do, a general movement could begin that changes one's life so that people feel 'more alive'.
In so-called 'centers for new work' the idea is that people collaborate and with the support of mentors, they try to identify what kind of work they really, really want to do. This process is of course complex, demanding and time-consuming. Bergmann uses the term 'Selbstunkenntnis'. By the process of trying to identify what a person really, really wants to do, a general movement could begin that changes one's life so that people feel 'more alive'.

===Pushing the concept further===
The psychologist [[Markus Väth]] developed Bergmann's theory further: based on Bergmann's paper 'New Work, New Culture', Väth illustrates four pillars on which a successful implementation of New Work could be based:
# a conscious way of life ("Life Blending") in combination with a re-evaluation of the importance of work for one's life
# a systematic model of competencies that are relevant to work in a highly complex, dynamic world
# a change model for organizations that enable a paradigm shift in culture and organizations
# an intensive debate about the role of work in society and a corresponding mandate from the political world ("New Work Deal")


==Books==
==Books==
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==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* [[Stefan Wogawa]]: ''Alternativen zum „Wirtschaftswachstumswahnsinn“. Interviews mit einem Visionär – Frithjof Bergmann, Vordenker der Neuen Arbeit.'' Eobanus, Erfurt 2012, {{ISBN|978-3-9814241-4-0}}.
* [[:de:Markus Väth|Markus Väth]]: Arbeit - die schönste Nebensache der Welt. Wie New Work unsere Arbeitswelt revolutioniert. GABAL, Offenbach, 2016; {{ISBN|978-3-86936-720-0}}.


==External links==
==External links==
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* [http://www.neuearbeit-neuekultur.de/ NANK | Neue Arbeit - Neue Kultur. Offizielle Webseite im deutschen Sprachraum]
* [http://www.neuearbeit-neuekultur.de/ NANK | Neue Arbeit - Neue Kultur. Offizielle Webseite im deutschen Sprachraum]
* [http://www.servus.at/tschneid/frithjof/ NANK | Neue Arbeit - Neue Kultur. Interaktive Videodatenbank von Frithjof Bergmann]
* [http://www.servus.at/tschneid/frithjof/ NANK | Neue Arbeit - Neue Kultur. Interaktive Videodatenbank von Frithjof Bergmann]
* [http://kepler-salon.at/de/content/search?SearchText=bergmann&SearchButton=Suchen Podcasts mit Bergmann] auf der Website des [[:de:Kepler Salon|Kepler Salon]]
* [http://kepler-salon.at/de/content/search?SearchText=bergmann&SearchButton=Suchen Podcasts mit Bergmann] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308072305/http://kepler-salon.at/de/content/search?SearchText=bergmann&SearchButton=Suchen |date=8 March 2016 }} auf der Website des [[:de:Kepler Salon|Kepler Salon]]


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century essayists]]
[[Category:20th-century German male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century German non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:20th-century German philosophers]]
[[Category:20th-century German philosophers]]
[[Category:21st-century essayists]]
[[Category:21st-century German male writers]]
[[Category:21st-century German non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:21st-century German philosophers]]
[[Category:Continental philosophers]]
[[Category:Cultural critics]]
[[Category:Epistemologists]]
[[Category:Existentialists]]
[[Category:German anti-capitalists]]
[[Category:German anti-communists]]
[[Category:German male non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:German political philosophers]]
[[Category:Hegel scholars]]
[[Category:Historians of philosophy]]
[[Category:Metaphysicians]]
[[Category:Nietzsche scholars]]
[[Category:Ontologists]]
[[Category:Philosophers of culture]]
[[Category:Philosophers of economics]]
[[Category:Philosophers of education]]
[[Category:Philosophers of history]]
[[Category:Philosophers of mind]]
[[Category:Philosophy academics]]
[[Category:Philosophy writers]]
[[Category:German social commentators]]
[[Category:Social critics]]
[[Category:Social philosophers]]
[[Category:University of Michigan faculty]]
[[Category:University of Michigan faculty]]
[[Category:German male writers]]
[[Category:Hegel scholars]]
[[Category:Existentialists]]
[[Category:People from Weißenfels]]

Latest revision as of 23:45, 2 December 2024

Frithjof Bergmann
Born(1930-12-24)24 December 1930
Died23 May 2021(2021-05-23) (aged 90)
Alma materPrinceton University
EraContemporary philosophy
RegionWestern philosophy
SchoolContinental philosophy
Main interests
Existentialism
Cultural philosophy
Politics
Ethics
Notable ideas
New Work

Frithjof Harold Bergmann (24 December 1930 – 23 May 2021) was a German professor of philosophy at the University of Michigan, where he taught courses on existentialism, continental philosophy, Hegel, and Marx. He was known for the concept of New Work.[2]

Life and work

[edit]

Frithjof Bergmann first moved to the US as a student, where he lived and worked throughout his life. He entered the doctoral program in philosophy at Princeton University and studied under Walter Kaufmann, receiving his Ph.D. in 1959 with a dissertation entitled "Harmony and Reason: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Hegel."[3] In addition, Professor Bergmann was a Nietzsche scholar; his publications include "Nietzsche's Critique of Morality" (published in Reading Nietzsche, Oxford University Press, 1988). He spent most of his academic career at the University of Michigan, where he was a professor and visible political activist. He taught also at The University of California, Berkeley, Stanford University and The University of California, Santa Cruz. Among his more notable PhD students at the University of Michigan were Robert C. Solomon and Anthony Weston. He is credited as one of the creators of the teach-in,[4] the first of which was held on the Michigan campus in March 1965.[5]

Frithjof Bergmann's interests included continental philosophy—especially Hegel, Nietzsche, Sartre and existentialism generally—and also social and political philosophy, philosophical anthropology, and philosophy of culture. His article The Experience of Values (reprinted in Revisions: Changing Perspectives in Moral Philosophy by University of Notre Dame Press, 1983) is used in universities throughout the world. His book On Being Free (1977) was issued in a paperback edition in 1978. In this book,[6] Bergmann argues against the standard views of freedom as the lack of external obstacles or as an irrational, unencumbered act that rejects all order. Both of these leave us with nothing substantial for a self at all—and thus, he suggests, constitute virtually a reductio ad absurdum of modern ideals of education, society, and the family. Instead, he argues that the primary prerequisite of freedom is a self possessed of something that wants to be acted out. An act is free, he argues, if the agent identifies with the elements from which it flows. The real problems of education, society, etc. are those of coming to a true understanding of one's self and of building a society with which a self can identify.

In the years between 1976 and 1979 he undertook trips to the former countries of the Eastern Bloc and began to question capitalism and communism. In this time, he introduces his concept of New Work. In 1984, Bergmann founded an organization called the Center for New Work in Flint, Michigan.[7] Together with others he formulated a novel proposal that became known as the "6 months--6 months proposal."

Bergmann died in Ann Arbor, Michigan on 23 May 2021, at the age of 90.[8]

New Work

[edit]

The concept of New Work describes the new way of working of today's society in the global and digital age. The term was coined by Bergmann and is based on his research on the notion of freedom and the assumption that the previous work system was outdated.[9]

Philosophy

[edit]

Bergmann's concept starts with a critical assessment of the American understanding of liberty. He does not consider liberty the option to choose between two or more, more or less better or worse options (liberty to choose); his understanding of liberty is the option to do something that is really, really important (decide what you want to do because you believe in it).

The core values of the concept of New Work are autonomy, freedom and participation in the community. New Work should offer new ways of creativity and personal development, thus contributing something really important to the job market. In this way, real "freedom of action" is possible.[9] The main idea of New Work is to create space for creativity and self-fulfillment (or: The Pursuit of Happiness). Since he considers the job system to be obsolete, mankind has the option to get rid of wage labor.

Structure

[edit]

The early capitalistic system of wage labour should slowly be transformed into New Work. This New Work should consist of three parts:

  1. A third gainful employment
  2. A third High-Tech-Self-Providing ('self-sufficiency') and smart consumption
  3. A third of work that you really, really want.

Gainful employment

[edit]

Since the quantity of available gainful labor (traditional work to be done) - in the context of the industrial society - will become less due to automation in all economic domains, advocates of New Work suggest reduced gainful employment for everyone. The time released by this reduction of gainful employment should in return create the financial basis to create things that can neither be produced through do-it-yourself work (active work?) nor by neighbour-based networks.

High tech self providing and smart consumption

[edit]

Satisfying the needs of mankind will be supported by high tech self-providing using the newest technology. In the near future, so-called Fabbers - automated all-in-one devices - could produce goods autonomously.

Bergmann considers 'Smart Consumption' that people should contemplate and decide what they really need. According to Bergmann, many products and things are irrelevant, since they consume more time when using them than they save. One example could be the garlic press: very often the time cleaning the device consumes more time than the 'time saved' by using the press compared to manual pressing/cutting.

By self-supply and smart consumption, people can maintain a good standard of living even though only one-third of the entire capacity is used for wage labor.

Work that you really, really want

[edit]

This is the most important component of New Work. The idea is: work as such is endless and it is a lot more than what is and can be provided by the wage labor system. According to Bergmann, every human being can find work that is aligned with the own values, desires, dreams, hope, and skills.

Since Bergmann denies a revolutionary process to overcome the wage labor system, change can only happen slowly and this change can only be achieved through people that closely analyze their real, real desires and pursue those desires. By doing so, they become more and more independent from the wage labor system.

In so-called 'centers for new work' the idea is that people collaborate and with the support of mentors, they try to identify what kind of work they really, really want to do. This process is of course complex, demanding and time-consuming. Bergmann uses the term 'Selbstunkenntnis'. By the process of trying to identify what a person really, really wants to do, a general movement could begin that changes one's life so that people feel 'more alive'.

Books

[edit]
  • On Being Free. University of Notre Dame, November 1977; ISBN 0-268-01492-2
  • Menschen, Märkte, Lebenswelten. Differenzierung und Integration in den Systemen der Wohnungslosenhilfe. VSH Verlag Soziale Hilfe, 1999; ISBN 3-923074-65-4
  • Neue Arbeit, Neue Kultur. Aus dem Amerikanischen übersetzt von Stephan Schuhmacher - Arbor Verlag, 2004; ISBN 3-924195-96-X
  • New Work New Culture: Work We Want and a Culture that Strengthens Us. Zero Books, 2019; ISBN 978-1-78904-064-7
  • Frithjof Bergmann: Die Freiheit leben. - Arbor Verlag, Freiamt, 2005; ISBN 3-936855-03-X
  • Frithjof Bergmann/Stella Friedmann: Neue Arbeit kompakt: Vision einer selbstbestimmten Gesellschaft. Arbor Verlag, Freiamt 2007; ISBN 3924195951

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Frithjof Bergmann".
  2. ^ "The future of work is called New Work". Job Wizards. 27 March 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  3. ^ "Doctoral Dissertations, 1959". The Review of Metaphysics. 13 (1): 197. 1959. ISSN 0034-6632. JSTOR 20123751. FRITHJOF H. BERGMANN , " Harmony and Reason , An Introduction to the Philosophy of Hegel . " Adviser : W. Kaufmann
  4. ^ Uzelac, Ellen (20 January 1991). "Peace movement now is mix of old, new protesters with Middle American touch WAR IN THE GULF". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on 3 March 2012. "It isn't just old lefties opposing this war," noted University of Michigan philosophy professor Frithjof Bergmann, who was credited with creating the teach-in during the Vietnam War.
  5. ^ "The First U of M Teach-In (March 1965)". Resistance and Revolution: The Anti-Vietnam War Movement At The University of Michigan, 1965 - 1972. Retrieved 23 June 2022. From 8pm March 24th until 8 am March 25th, the first teach-in took place in Angell Hall Auditorium at the University of Michigan. [...] Some of the prominent speakers included: William Gamson, Arthur Waskow, Anatol Rapoport, Michael Zweig (future chairman of Voice), Carl Ogelsby, Al Haber, Frithjof Bergmann, and J. Edgar Edwards.
  6. ^ Frithjof Bergmann (1977). On Being Free. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctvpj760s. ISBN 978-0-268-15889-7.
  7. ^ "Department of Philosophy at the University of Michigan". Archived from the original on 26 May 2008. Retrieved 21 January 2006.
  8. ^ "Frithjof Bergmann Obituary - Ann Arbor, MI". Dignity Memorial.
  9. ^ a b "New Work Definition". Gründerszene Magazin (in German). January 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2019.

Further reading

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  • Stefan Wogawa: Alternativen zum „Wirtschaftswachstumswahnsinn“. Interviews mit einem Visionär – Frithjof Bergmann, Vordenker der Neuen Arbeit. Eobanus, Erfurt 2012, ISBN 978-3-9814241-4-0.
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