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{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}} |
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}} |
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{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
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| name |
| name = Jamnagar |
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| other_name |
| other_name = |
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| settlement_type |
| settlement_type = City |
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| image_skyline |
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage |
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| photo1a = Lakhota lake Jamnagar, Golden hours.jpg |
| photo1a = Lakhota lake Jamnagar, Golden hours.jpg |
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| photo2a = Swaminaryan Temple.jpg |
| photo2a = Swaminaryan Temple.jpg |
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| photo2b = Lesser Flamingos near Jamnagar railway station DSCN1800 1.jpg |
| photo2b = Lesser Flamingos near Jamnagar railway station DSCN1800 1.jpg |
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| photo3a = Darbar Garh Market Jamnagar - panoramio.jpg |
| photo3a = Darbar Garh Market Jamnagar - panoramio.jpg |
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| size = 280 |
| size = 280 |
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| spacing = 1 |
| spacing = 1 |
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| Line 20: | Line 19: | ||
| color = white |
| color = white |
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}} |
}} |
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| image_caption |
| image_caption = Clockwise from top: Lakhota Lake, Lesser Flamingos, Darbar Garh Market, Swaminaryan Temple |
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| nickname |
| nickname = Jewel of Kathiawar, Paris of Saurashtra, Oil City, Brass City, Chhota Kashi, Halar |
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| pushpin_map |
| pushpin_map = India Gujarat |
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| pushpin_label_position |
| pushpin_label_position = right |
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| pushpin_map_alt |
| pushpin_map_alt = |
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| pushpin_map_caption |
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Gujarat, India |
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| coordinates |
| coordinates = {{coord|22.47|N|70.07|E|display=inline,title}} |
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| blank_emblem_type |
| blank_emblem_type = Seal of the Jamnagar Municipal Corporation |
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| blank_emblem_size |
| blank_emblem_size = 100px |
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| image_blank_emblem |
| image_blank_emblem = Jamnagar Municipal Corporation logo.png |
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| subdivision_type |
| subdivision_type = Country |
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| subdivision_name |
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} |
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| subdivision_type1 |
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]] |
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| subdivision_name1 |
| subdivision_name1 = [[Gujarat]] |
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| subdivision_type2 |
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of India|Region]] |
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| subdivision_name2 |
| subdivision_name2 = [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] |
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| subdivision_type3 |
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]] |
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| subdivision_name3 |
| subdivision_name3 = [[Jamnagar district|Jamnagar]] |
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| established_title |
| established_title = Established |
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| established_date |
| established_date = August 1540<ref>[https://jamnagar.nic.in/ District Jamnagar, Government of Gujarat]</ref> |
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| government_type |
| government_type = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–Council]] |
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| leader_title |
| leader_title = Mayor |
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| leader_name |
| leader_name = Vinodbhai Khimsurya <ref>{{cite web|url=https://gujarati.abplive.com/news/jamnagar/jamnagar-vinod-khimsurya-became-the-new-mayor-of-jamnagar-city-857259 |title=જામનગર શહેરના નવા મેયરના નામની જાહેરાત કરવામાં આવી છે |date=12 September 2023 }}</ref> |
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<ref name="deshgurat">{{cite web|url= https://www.deshgujarat.com/2018/06/15/hasmukh-jethwa-is-new-mayor-of-jamnagar-karsan-karmur-his-deputy/|title=Hasmukh Jethwa is new Mayor of Jamnagar, Karsan Karmur his deputy |date=15 Jun 2018 |publisher=deshgurat }}</ref> |
<ref name="deshgurat">{{cite web|url= https://www.deshgujarat.com/2018/06/15/hasmukh-jethwa-is-new-mayor-of-jamnagar-karsan-karmur-his-deputy/|title=Hasmukh Jethwa is new Mayor of Jamnagar, Karsan Karmur his deputy |date=15 Jun 2018 |publisher=deshgurat }}</ref> |
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| leader_title1 |
| leader_title1 = Municipal Commissioner |
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| leader_name1 |
| leader_name1 = Shri D N Modi, IAS <ref name="jamnagar.nic.in">{{Cite web|url=https://jamnagar.nic.in/whos-who/|title=Who’s Who | District Jamnagar, Government of Gujarat | India}}</ref> |
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| leader_title2 |
| leader_title2 = |
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| leader_name2 |
| leader_name2 = |
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| leader_title3 |
| leader_title3 = |
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| leader_name3 |
| leader_name3 = |
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| unit_pref |
| unit_pref = Metric |
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| area_footnotes |
| area_footnotes = <ref name="AMC">{{cite web|title=Amdavad city |url=http://www.egovamc.com/AhmCity/introduction_Eng.aspx |work=[[Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation]] |access-date=20 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627122123/http://www.egovamc.com/AhmCity/introduction_Eng.aspx |archive-date=27 June 2013 }}</ref> |
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| area_total_km2 |
| area_total_km2 = 125 |
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| area_rank |
| area_rank = 6 |
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| elevation_footnotes |
| elevation_footnotes = |
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| elevation_m |
| elevation_m = 17 |
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| population_total |
| population_total = 668,000 (City Area)<ref>{{cite web|url = https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/jamnagar-population | title=Jamnagar Population 2023 |access-date=October 21, 2023}}</ref> |
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| population_as_of |
| population_as_of = 2023 |
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| population_rank |
| population_rank = [[List of most populous cities in India|India]] : [[List of most populous cities in India|87th]]{{break}} |
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| population_density_km2 |
| population_density_km2 = 5,780 |
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| population_demonym |
| population_demonym = Jamnagari |
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| population_footnotes |
| population_footnotes = |
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| demographics_type1 |
| demographics_type1 = |
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| demographics1_title1 |
| demographics1_title1 = |
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| timezone1 |
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] |
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| utc_offset1 |
| utc_offset1 = +5:30 |
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| postal_code_type |
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] |
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| postal_code |
| postal_code = 361 001-09 |
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| area_code_type |
| area_code_type = Telephone code |
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| area_code |
| area_code = 0288 |
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| registration_plate |
| registration_plate = GJ-10 |
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| website |
| website = {{URL|www.mcjamnagar.com}} |
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| footnotes |
| footnotes = |
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| blank_name_sec1 |
| blank_name_sec1 = |
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| governing_body = Jamnagar Municipal Corporation |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Jamnagar''' ({{audio|Jamnagar.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a city |
'''Jamnagar''' ({{audio|Jamnagar.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a city and the headquarters of [[Jamnagar district]] in the [[Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]]. The city lies just to the south of the [[Gulf of Kutch]], some {{convert|337|km}} west of the state capital, [[Gandhinagar]]. |
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India's largest private company, [[Reliance Industries]], has established the world's largest [[Jamnagar Refinery| |
India's largest private company, [[Reliance Industries]], has established the world's largest [[Jamnagar Refinery|oil refining and petrochemicals complex]] in Jamnagar district.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jamnagar: Reliance Industries Limited |url=http://www.ril.com/html/aboutus/manufact_jamnagar.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081024225136/http://www.ril.com/html/aboutus/manufact_jamnagar.html |archive-date=24 October 2008 |access-date=30 October 2008}}</ref> |
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The city was the capital of [[Nawanagar State|Nawanagar princely state]] during [[British Raj]].<ref name=":2" /> |
The city was the capital of [[Nawanagar State|Nawanagar princely state]] during [[British Raj]].<ref name=":2" /> |
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The [[World Health Organization (WHO)]] and the [[Government of India]] signed an agreement to establish the WHO Global Centre for Traditional Medicine in Jamnagar. This global knowledge centre for traditional medicine, supported by an investment of USD 250 million from the [[Government of India]], aims to harness the potential of traditional medicine from across the world through modern science and technology to improve the health of people and the planet. |
The [[World Health Organization (WHO)]] and the [[Government of India]] signed an agreement to establish the WHO Global Centre for Traditional Medicine in Jamnagar. This global knowledge centre for traditional medicine, supported by an investment of USD 250 million from the [[Government of India]], aims to harness the potential of traditional medicine from across the world through modern science and technology to improve the health of people and the planet.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/25-03-2022-who-establishes-the-global-centre-for-traditional-medicine-in-india|title=WHO establishes the Global Centre for Traditional Medicine in India|website=www.who.int}}</ref> |
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India's largest private company, [[Reliance Industries]] is developing world's largest zoo near by 28 kms from Jamnagar city. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hotelmanagement-network.com/news/lemon-tree-hotels-property-jamnagar/}}</ref> Luxury hotel chain [[Lemon Tree Hotels]] will open its new luxury hotel in Jamnagar in FY25. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hotelmanagement-network.com/news/lemon-tree-hotels-property-jamnagar/}}</ref> [[Jamnagar Municipal Corporation]] is planning to be develop riverfront on Rangmati - Nagmati river which cost of around 500 crore. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://tv9gujarati.com/gujarat/jamnagar/plan-to-build-riverfront-on-rangmati-nagmati-river-in-jamnagar-only-on-paper-for-7-years-479017.html}}</ref> |
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India's largest private company, [[Reliance Industries]] is developing world's largest zoo near by 28 kms from Jamnagar city.<ref name="hotelmanagement-network.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.hotelmanagement-network.com/news/lemon-tree-hotels-property-jamnagar/ |title=Lemon Tree Hotels signs new property in India's Jamnagar |date=9 October 2023 }}</ref> Luxury hotel chain [[Lemon Tree Hotels]] will open its new luxury hotel in Jamnagar in FY25.<ref name="hotelmanagement-network.com"/> [[Jamnagar Municipal Corporation]] is planning to be develop riverfront on Rangmati – Nagmati river which cost of around 500 crore.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tv9gujarati.com/gujarat/jamnagar/plan-to-build-riverfront-on-rangmati-nagmati-river-in-jamnagar-only-on-paper-for-7-years-479017.html |title=Jamnagar: રંગમતી, નાગમતિ નદી પર રિવરફ્રન્ટ બનાવવાની યોજના 7 વર્ષથી માત્ર કાગળ પર, જાણો વિકાસને ક્યા ગ્રહણ લાગ્યુ ? |date=17 April 2022 }}</ref> |
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== History == |
== History == |
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{{main|Nawanagar State|Jam Sahib}} |
{{main|Nawanagar State|Jam Sahib}} |
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[[File:Ranjitsinhji.jpg|thumb| |
[[File:Ranjitsinhji.jpg|thumb|left|Maharaja Jamsaheb Shri of Nawanagar]] |
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[[File:Flag of Nawanagar.png|thumb|Flag of the Princely State of [[Nawanagar State|Nawanagar]]]] |
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Nawanagar was founded by [[Jam Rawal]] in 1540 as the capital of the eponymous [[princely state]].<ref>{{cite book | |
Nawanagar was founded by [[Jam Rawal]] in 1540 as the capital of the eponymous [[princely state]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Crill |first1=Rosemary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ongF6dkNKAcC |title=The Indian Portrait, 1560–1860 |last2=Jariwala |first2=Kapil |publisher=Mapin Publishing Pvt Ltd |year=2010 |isbn=978-81-89995-37-9 |page=88 |language=en |via=Google Books}}</ref> Jamnagar, historically known as Nawanagar (the new town), was one of the most important and the largest princely states of the [[Jadeja]]s in the [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra region]]. It was a thirteen-gun [[salute state]]. |
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According to historical records, [[Bahadur Shah of Gujarat|Bahadur Shah]], [[Sultan]] of [[Gujarat]] bestowed upon Jam Lakhaji twelve villages in recognition of his role in the siege of [[Pawagadh]]. Shortly after he took possession of the villages, Jam Lakhaji was killed by his cousins, Tamachi Deda and Jam Hamir Jadeja. His son, Jam Rawal, murdered his father's killers and became ruler of [[Kutch State|Kutch]]. The [[Kutch State|State of Kutch]] was semi-independent from the [[Gujarat Sultanate]]. |
According to historical records, [[Bahadur Shah of Gujarat|Bahadur Shah]], [[Sultan]] of [[Gujarat]] bestowed upon Jam Lakhaji twelve villages in recognition of his role in the siege of [[Pawagadh]]. Shortly after he took possession of the villages, Jam Lakhaji was killed by his cousins, Tamachi Deda and Jam Hamir Jadeja. His son, Jam Rawal, murdered his father's killers and became ruler of [[Kutch State|Kutch]]. The [[Kutch State|State of Kutch]] was semi-independent from the [[Gujarat Sultanate]]. |
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While on a hunting trip in present-day Jamnagar, Jam Rawal's hunting dogs were scared by a hare brave enough to turn on them. Jam Rawal thought that if this land could breed such hares, the men born here would be superior to other men. As a result, he made this place his capital. |
While on a hunting trip in present-day Jamnagar, Jam Rawal's hunting dogs were scared by a hare brave enough to turn on them. Jam Rawal thought that if this land could breed such hares, the men born here would be superior to other men. As a result, he made this place his capital. |
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[[File:Flag of Nawanagar.png|thumb|left|Flag of the Princely State of [[Nawanagar State|Nawanagar]]]] |
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On the seventh day of the bright half of the month of [[Shrawan (Nepali calendar)|Shrawan]], [[Vikram Samvat|V.S.]]1956 (August 1540) on the banks of the [[Rangmati River|Rangmati]] and [[Nagmati River|Nagmati]] rivers, Jam Rawal laid the foundation of his new capital and named it Nawanagar (new town). After a few centuries, its name changed to Jamnagar or the Town of the JAMs. |
On the seventh day of the bright half of the month of [[Shrawan (Nepali calendar)|Shrawan]], [[Vikram Samvat|V.S.]]1956 (August 1540) on the banks of the [[Rangmati River|Rangmati]] and [[Nagmati River|Nagmati]] rivers, Jam Rawal laid the foundation of his new capital and named it Nawanagar (new town). After a few centuries, its name changed to Jamnagar or the Town of the JAMs. |
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During the 18th century, Nawanagar was ruled by the Jadeja Rajputs, who were known for their bravery and military prowess. They fought many battles with the neighboring states and played a significant role in defending the region against foreign invasions. |
During the 18th century, Nawanagar was ruled by the Jadeja Rajputs, who were known for their bravery and military prowess. They fought many battles with the neighboring states and played a significant role in defending the region against foreign invasions. |
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In 1807, Nawanagar became a princely state under the British Raj. The first ruler of the state was Maharaja Ranjit Singhji, who was known for his progressive policies and efforts to modernize the state. He built many schools, hospitals, and other public facilities and introduced a number of reforms to improve the lives of his subjects. |
In 1807, Nawanagar became a princely state under the British Raj. The first ruler of the state was Maharaja Ranjit Singhji, who was known for his progressive policies and efforts to modernize the state. He built many schools, hospitals, and other public facilities, and introduced a number of reforms to improve the lives of his subjects.<ref name=":2">{{cite web | url=https://newg.in/history/history-of-jamnagar | title=History of Jamnagar | date=14 May 2023 }}</ref> |
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Jamsaib was instrumental in creating the city's modern infrastructure during his reign in the 1920s. Jam Saheb Shri [[Digvijaysinhji Ranjitsinhji]] expanded the city's development in the 1940s when it was part of the [[Princely state]] of [[Nawanagar State|Nawanagar]]. |
Jamsaib was instrumental in creating the city's modern infrastructure during his reign in the 1920s. Jam Saheb Shri [[Digvijaysinhji Ranjitsinhji]] expanded the city's development in the 1940s when it was part of the [[Princely state]] of [[Nawanagar State|Nawanagar]]. |
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== Geography == |
== Geography == |
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Major communities include the [[Jadeja]], Khavas Rjput, Charan (Gadhvi), Satvaras ([[Dalvadi]]s), [[Ahir]]s [[Sagar caste|Sagars]], [[Patel]]s, [[Bhanushali]]s, [[Rajput]]s, [[Mers people|Mers]], [[Jainism|Jains]], [[Lohana]]s, [[Brahmin]]s, [[Bhoi]] (Bhoiraj), and [[Vagher]]s (Muslim and Hindu) |
Major communities include the [[Jadeja]], Khavas Rjput, Charan (Gadhvi), Satvaras ([[Dalvadi]]s), [[Ahir]]s [[Sagar caste|Sagars]], [[Patel]]s, [[Bhanushali]]s, [[Rajput]]s, [[Mers people|Mers]], [[Jainism|Jains]], [[Lohana]]s, [[Brahmin]]s, [[Bhoi]] (Bhoiraj), and [[Vagher]]s (Muslim and Hindu) |
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[[File:Mangroves_Jungle_besides_water_canal_towards_Pirotan.jpg|thumb|Mangroves jungle along canal near Pirotan Island]] |
[[File:Mangroves_Jungle_besides_water_canal_towards_Pirotan.jpg|thumb|Mangroves jungle along canal near Pirotan Island]] |
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There are two important ports close to Jamnagar. [[Rozi Port]] is on the shore of the [[Gulf of Kutch]]; [[Bedi Port]] is two nautical miles ({{convert|4|km}}) inland on the [[Rangmati River|Rangamati River]]. Bedi Port is an all-weather intermediate seaport that exports various commodities, including [[bauxite]], soya meal extracts, and ground nut extracts. The port's imports include coal, fertilizer, and other items. |
There are two important ports close to Jamnagar. [[Rozi Port]] is on the shore of the [[Gulf of Kutch]]; [[Bedi Port]] is two nautical miles ({{convert|4|km}}) inland on the [[Rangmati River|Rangamati River]]. Bedi Port is an all-weather intermediate seaport that exports various commodities, including [[bauxite]], soya meal extracts, and ground nut extracts. The port's imports include coal, fertilizer, and other items. |
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The [[coral reef]] island of [[Pirotan]] is one of the 42 islands which compose the [[Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch|Marine National Park]]. Pirotan lies in the [[Arabian Sea]], 12 nautical miles off the coast, and stretches up to {{Convert|3|km2|sqmi}} |
The [[coral reef]] island of [[Pirotan]] is one of the 42 islands which compose the [[Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch|Marine National Park]]. Pirotan lies in the [[Arabian Sea]], 12 nautical miles off the coast, and stretches up to {{Convert|3|km2|sqmi}}. |
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[[Khijadiya Bird Sanctuary|Khijadia Bird Sanctuary]], located {{convert|10|km}} northeast of Jamnagar, was established 6 November 1982.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-07-21 |title=A Heaven for Waders |url=http://www.waders.in/site/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1326&Itemid=29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721181710/http://www.waders.in/site/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1326&Itemid=29 |archive-date=21 July 2011 |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=Waders Wildlife and Birding Tours of Gujarat and Kutch |publisher=Web Archive}}</ref> It features a seasonal freshwater shallow lake, inter-tidal mudflats, creeks, saltpans, saline land, and mangrove scrub.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 June 2010 |title=Welcome to the Khijadiya Bird Sanctuary, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India |url=http://www.khijadiyabirds.com |access-date=22 June 2012 |publisher=Khijadiyabirds.com}}</ref> The place is a known breeding ground of the [[great crested grebe]], the [[little grebe]], [[purple moorhen]], [[coot]], [[black-winged stilt]], and [[Pheasant-tailed jacana|pheasant-tailed jiacana]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jamnagar, the bird watchers paradise |url=https://www.jamnagar.org/birding.htm |access-date=2022-11-12 |website= |
[[Khijadiya Bird Sanctuary|Khijadia Bird Sanctuary]], located {{convert|10|km}} northeast of Jamnagar, was established 6 November 1982.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-07-21 |title=A Heaven for Waders |url=http://www.waders.in/site/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1326&Itemid=29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721181710/http://www.waders.in/site/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1326&Itemid=29 |archive-date=21 July 2011 |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=Waders Wildlife and Birding Tours of Gujarat and Kutch |publisher=Web Archive}}</ref> It features a seasonal freshwater shallow lake, inter-tidal mudflats, creeks, saltpans, saline land, and mangrove scrub.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 June 2010 |title=Welcome to the Khijadiya Bird Sanctuary, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India |url=http://www.khijadiyabirds.com/ |access-date=22 June 2012 |publisher=Khijadiyabirds.com |archive-date=15 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615132247/http://khijadiyabirds.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The place is a known breeding ground of the [[great crested grebe]], the [[little grebe]], [[purple moorhen]], [[coot]], [[black-winged stilt]], and [[Pheasant-tailed jacana|pheasant-tailed jiacana]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jamnagar, the bird watchers paradise |url=https://www.jamnagar.org/birding.htm |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=jamnagar.org}}</ref> Raptors, including [[Harrier (bird)|harriers]], [[eagle]]s, [[hawk]]s, and [[falcon]]s also live here. The sanctuary also shelters migratory birds such as [[swallow]]s, [[Martin (bird)|martins]], [[wagtail]]s, and [[waterfowl]]. |
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Jamnagar has huge reserves of [[bauxite]], with its mines contributing 95% of the total production in the state.<ref name="JMC">{{Cite web |title=Jamnagar Municipal Corporation |url=https://www.mcjamnagar.com/ |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=www.mcjamnagar.com}}</ref> |
Jamnagar has huge reserves of [[bauxite]], with its mines contributing 95% of the total production in the state.<ref name="JMC">{{Cite web |title=Jamnagar Municipal Corporation |url=https://www.mcjamnagar.com/ |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=www.mcjamnagar.com}}</ref> |
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=== Climate === |
=== Climate === |
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Jamnagar has a hot [[semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''BSh''). There are three defined seasons. The hot season lasts from March to May and is extremely hot and humid. Next is the wet season with extremely erratic monsoonal rainfall<ref>Kane, R.P.; "Extreme of the ENSO Phenomenon and Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall" in ''International Journal of Climatology''; 18: 775–791 (1998)</ref> that averages around {{convert|500|mm|in|0}}. However, rainfall has varied from less than {{convert|100|mm|in}} in 1911 and 1939 to over {{convert|1500|mm|in|1}} in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=India Meteorological Department|url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/hydro/distrainfall/webrain/gujarat/jamnagar.txt|title=District rainfall statistics for Jamnagar |
Jamnagar has a hot [[semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''BSh''). There are three defined seasons. The hot season lasts from March to May and is extremely hot and humid. Next is the wet season with extremely erratic monsoonal rainfall<ref>Kane, R.P.; "Extreme of the ENSO Phenomenon and Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall" in ''International Journal of Climatology''; 18: 775–791 (1998)</ref> that averages around {{convert|500|mm|in|0}}. However, rainfall has varied from less than {{convert|100|mm|in}} in 1911 and 1939 to over {{convert|1500|mm|in|1}} in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=India Meteorological Department|url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/hydro/distrainfall/webrain/gujarat/jamnagar.txt|title=District rainfall statistics for Jamnagar|access-date=1 March 2014|archive-date=1 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301193437/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/hydro/distrainfall/webrain/gujarat/jamnagar.txt|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Tropical cyclone]]s sometimes affect the region during this period. The cool season is from October to February when it remains hot during the day but has negligible rainfall, low humidity, and cool nights. |
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The highest recorded temperature in Jamnagar was {{convert|47|C|1}} on 5 May 1990, while the lowest recorded temperature was {{convert|1|C|1}} on 5 February 1984.<ref name="Voodoo Skies">{{cite web |title=Jamnagar, India |url=http://voodooskies.com/weather/india/jamnagar |publisher=Voodoo Skies |access-date=5 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511092655/http://voodooskies.com/weather/india/jamnagar |archive-date=11 May 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
The highest recorded temperature in Jamnagar was {{convert|47|C|1}} on 5 May 1990, while the lowest recorded temperature was {{convert|1|C|1}} on 5 February 1984.<ref name="Voodoo Skies">{{cite web |title=Jamnagar, India |url=http://voodooskies.com/weather/india/jamnagar |publisher=Voodoo Skies |access-date=5 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511092655/http://voodooskies.com/weather/india/jamnagar |archive-date=11 May 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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== Demographics == |
== Demographics == |
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Jamnagar urban area population in 2023 is 6,68,000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/jamnagar-population|title=Jamnagar Population 2024|website=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref> Jamnagar has an average literacy rate of 82.14%, higher than the national average of 74.04%. Its male literacy rate is 86.90%, and its female literacy rate is 77.05%. In Jamnagar, 10% of the population is under six years of age. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. The urban development authority of Jamnagar is Jamnagar Area Development Authority (JADA). |
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Most residents of Jamnagar are Gujarati and speak the [[Gujarati language]]. A small portion of the population speaks the [[Kutchi language]], which is written in the [[Gujarati script]] but not mutually intelligible with Gujarati. The Kathiawadi language, a colloquial [[dialect]] of Gujarati, is widely used for day-to-day communication. |
Most residents of Jamnagar are Gujarati and speak the [[Gujarati language]]. A small portion of the population speaks the [[Kutchi language]], which is written in the [[Gujarati script]] but not mutually intelligible with Gujarati. The Kathiawadi language, a colloquial [[dialect]] of Gujarati, is widely used for day-to-day communication. |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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|+''Historical religious demographics in Nawanagar Municipality'' |
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!Religion |
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!Population (1901)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Enthoven |first=R. E. |title=Census of India, 1901: Volume IX-A. Bombay: Part II, Imperial Tables |publisher=Government Central Press |year=1902 |pages=42–43}}</ref> |
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!Percentage (1901) |
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|- |
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|[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|16x16px]] |
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|32,005 |
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|{{Percentage|32005|53844|2}} |
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|- |
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|[[Islam]] [[File:Star_and_Crescent.svg|15x15px]] |
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|17,027 |
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|{{Percentage|17027|53844|2}} |
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|- |
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|[[Jainism]][[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|26x26px]] |
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|4031 |
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|{{Percentage|4031|53844|2}} |
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|- |
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|[[Zoroastrianism]] [[File:Faravahar.svg|15x15px]] |
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|111 |
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|{{Percentage|111|53844|2}} |
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|- |
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|[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian_cross.svg|21x21px]] |
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|79 |
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|{{Percentage|79|53844|2}} |
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|- |
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|[[Judaism]] [[File:Star_of_David.svg|15px]] |
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|1 |
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|{{Percentage|1|53844|2}} |
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|- |
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!Total |
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|'''53,844''' |
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|'''{{Percentage|53844|53844|2}}''' |
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|} |
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== Economy == |
== Economy == |
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[[File:Bandhej.JPG|thumb|Bandhej cloth]] |
[[File:Bandhej.JPG|thumb|Bandhej cloth]] |
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The local population has given up its ancestral fishing businesses and has adopted different jobs created by industrialization and the arrival of several giant companies. Approximately 10% of the city's population earns their income by producing and exporting traditional [[Bandhani]] cloth. Digjam runs a composite mill manufacturing worsted fabrics at Jamnagar. It has been a notable player in the worsted textile industry in India. |
The local population has given up its ancestral fishing businesses and has adopted different jobs created by industrialization and the arrival of several giant companies. Approximately 10% of the city's population earns their income by producing and exporting traditional [[Bandhani]] cloth. Digjam runs a composite mill manufacturing worsted fabrics at Jamnagar. It has been a notable player in the worsted textile industry in India. |
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Jamnagar was formerly known as the Brass City because it houses more than 5,000 large-scale and 10,000 small-scale workshops that manufacture brass items. Most workshops are in and around the industrial estates of Shankar Tekri, GIDC Phase-III, M P Shah Udhyognagar, and Dared GIDC-II Industrial estate. The workshops make brass parts and extruded rods for export. Jamnagar is the largest producer of brass items in India. |
Jamnagar was formerly known as the Brass City because it houses more than 5,000 large-scale and 10,000 small-scale workshops that manufacture brass items. Most workshops are in and around the industrial estates of Shankar Tekri, GIDC Phase-III, M P Shah Udhyognagar, and Dared GIDC-II Industrial estate. The workshops make brass parts and extruded rods for export. Jamnagar is the largest producer of brass items in India. |
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Jamnagar is known as the World's Oil City because it is home to the world's biggest [[oil refinery|oil refineries]]. The [[Jamnagar Refinery]] is a private-sector crude oil refinery owned by [[Reliance Industries]] Limited. The refinery was commissioned on 14 July 1999 and is the largest refinery in the world.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Jamnagar gets ready to make its mark |journal=Petroleum Intelligence Weekly}}</ref> [[Nayara Energy]] owns [[Vadinar refinery|Vadinar Refinery]]. India's second-largest single-site refinery is at Vadinar, Gujarat. |
Jamnagar is known as the World's Oil City because it is home to the world's biggest [[oil refinery|oil refineries]]. The [[Jamnagar Refinery]] is a private-sector crude oil refinery owned by [[Reliance Industries]] Limited. The refinery was commissioned on 14 July 1999 and is the largest refinery in the world.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Jamnagar gets ready to make its mark |journal=Petroleum Intelligence Weekly}}</ref> [[Nayara Energy]] owns [[Vadinar refinery|Vadinar Refinery]]. India's second-largest single-site refinery is at Vadinar, Gujarat. |
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Jamnagar has base stations for the [[Indian Air Force]], the [[Indian Army]], and the [[Indian Navy]]. The city has a strategic location close to Pakistan. It also has sizable reserves of [[bauxite]], with its mines contributing 95% of the total production in the state.<ref name="JMC" /> |
Jamnagar has base stations for the [[Indian Air Force]], the [[Indian Army]], and the [[Indian Navy]]. The city has a strategic location close to Pakistan. It also has sizable reserves of [[bauxite]], with its mines contributing 95% of the total production in the state.<ref name="JMC" /> |
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The Future Projects Fueling Jamnagar’s Economic Growth: |
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Expansion of RIL’s Jamnagar Refinery: Reliance Industries Limited has unveiled plans for a significant expansion of its Jamnagar refinery. This expansion project aims to enhance the refinery’s capacity, thereby increasing the production of petroleum products and catering to the growing domestic and international demand. The expansion is set to attract substantial investment, generate employment opportunities, and contribute significantly to the city’s GDP. |
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Development of Jamnagar’s Special Economic Zone (SEZ): The Government of Gujarat, in collaboration with various stakeholders, is actively developing a Special Economic Zone in Jamnagar. This SEZ aims to create a business-friendly ecosystem, attract both domestic and foreign investments, and promote exports. The development of the SEZ is poised to diversify Jamnagar’s industrial landscape, strengthen its economic resilience, and provide a significant boost to the city’s GDP. |
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Infrastructure Projects: Jamnagar is also witnessing several infrastructure projects that will enhance connectivity and facilitate trade and commerce. These projects include the construction of new highways, the expansion of the local airport, and the development of modern logistics and warehousing facilities. Improved infrastructure will attract more businesses, spur industrial growth, and bolster Jamnagar’s GDP. |
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Focus on Renewable Energy: In line with the global shift towards sustainability, Jamnagar is actively exploring renewable energy options. The city has great potential for harnessing solar and wind energy due to its geographical location and favorable climatic conditions. Investments in renewable energy projects will not only contribute to a greener future but also generate employment opportunities and diversify the city’s economic base.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://newg.in/industry/jamnagar-industry/jamnagars-gdp-in-2023-and-future-projects-a-booming-economy-with-promising-prospects | title=Jamnagar's GDP in 2023 and Future Projects: A Booming Economy with Promising Prospects | date=21 May 2023 }}</ref> |
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== Arts and Culture == |
== Arts and Culture == |
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{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|Orange|77.59}} |
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|Orange|77.59}} |
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{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|#009000|18.99}} |
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|#009000|18.99}} |
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{{bar percent|[[Jainism]]| |
{{bar percent|[[Jainism]]|pink|2.51}} |
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{{bar percent|Others|#9955BB|0.91}}}} |
{{bar percent|Others|#9955BB|0.91}}}} |
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Jamnagar has several temples, such as Sidhnath Mahadev Temple, Badri Kedar Nath, Nilkanth Mahadev Temple, and Bhid Bhanjan Mahadev Temple near the Town Hall and the Kashi Vishwanath Temple on the K.V. Road. It is also well known for its four marble Jain temples: Vardhman Shah's Temple, Raisi Shah's Temple, Sheth's Temple, and Vasupujya Swami's Temple. All of these temples date to between 1574 and 1622. There are more than 30 [[Jain Temple]]s in Jamnagar. |
Jamnagar has several temples, such as Sidhnath Mahadev Temple, Badri Kedar Nath, Nilkanth Mahadev Temple, and Bhid Bhanjan Mahadev Temple near the Town Hall and the Kashi Vishwanath Temple on the K.V. Road. It is also well known for its four marble Jain temples: Vardhman Shah's Temple, Raisi Shah's Temple, Sheth's Temple, and Vasupujya Swami's Temple. All of these temples date to between 1574 and 1622. There are more than 30 [[Jain Temple]]s in Jamnagar. |
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The Bala [[Hanuman]] Temple on the southeastern side of Ranmal Lake is known for the continuous chanting of the [[mantra]] "Sri Ram, Jai Ram, Jai Jai Ram". Starting on 1 August 1964, this chant continues for 24 hours a day, earning the temple a place in the [[Guinness Book of World Records]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Balakrishna |first=VN |date=2009-07-31 |title=Non-Stop Ram Dhun completes 45 years in Jamnagar |work=Desh Gujarat |url=https://www.deshgujarat.com/2009/07/31/non-stop-ram-dhun-completes-45-years-in-jamnagar/ |access-date=2022-04-04}}</ref> Thousands of devotees visit the temple every year. Bholeshwar Mahadev Temple holds a fair every year on Shravani Amas. During the holy month of Shravana, there are Hindu fairs on the dried river banks near Bohra Hajira.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bohra Hajira, Jamnagar - Timings, History, Pooja & Aarti schedule |url=https://www.trawell.in/gujarat/jamnagar/bohra-hajira |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=Trawell.in}}</ref> |
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The Bala [[Hanuman]] Temple on the southeastern side of Ranmai Lake is known for the continuous chanting of the [[mantra]] "Sri Ram, Jai Ram, Jai Jai Ram". Starting on 1 August 1964, this chant continues for 24 hours a day, earning the temple a place in the [[Guinness Book of World Records]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Balakrishna |first=VN |date=2009-07-31 |title=Non-Stop Ram Dhun completes 45 years in Jamnagar |work=Desh Gujarat |url=https://www.deshgujarat.com/2009/07/31/non-stop-ram-dhun-completes-45-years-in-jamnagar/ |access-date=2022-04-04}}</ref> Thousands of devotees visit the temple every year. Bholeshwar Mahadev Temple holds a fair every year on Shravani Amas. During the holy month of Shravana, there are Hindu fairs on the dried river banks near Bohra Hajira.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bohra Hajira, Jamnagar - Timings, History, Pooja & Aarti schedule |url=https://www.trawell.in/gujarat/jamnagar/bohra-hajira |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=Trawell.in}}</ref> |
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=== Architecture === |
=== Architecture === |
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[[File:DHAVAL0390.jpg|thumb|upright|Bholeshwar Mahadev]] |
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==== Bholeshwar Mahadev Temple ==== |
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[[Bholeshwar Mahadev Temple]] is approximately {{Convert|2|km|mi}} away from the village murali of Tehsil Lalpur. The temple is on the bank of the [[Dhandhar River]].{{cn|date=November 2023}} |
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==== Bhujio Kotho ==== |
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[[Bhujio Kotho]] is on the bank of [[Lakhota Lake]], near Khambhaliya Gate. This five-storey monument protected the city during invasions. On the first floor, there were guns placed in each direction. The walls have holes for rifles. The upper floor has awater tank with a dancing peacock on its peak. In an [[2001 Gujarat earthquake|earthquake in 2001]] Bhujio Kotho partially collapsed.{{cn|date=November 2023}} |
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==== Bohra Hajira ==== |
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The [[Bohra Hajira]] is a white marble mausoleum built by Jam Rawal in 1540.<ref name=":0" /> Also known as Mazar E Badri, it is the resting place of the Muslim saint Mota Bawa.<ref name=":0" /> Bohra Hajira is on the banks of the [[Nagmati River|Nagmati]] and [[Rangmati River]]s.<ref name=":0" /> The mausoleum is of Saracenic style and features intricate carvings.<ref name=":0" /> |
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==== Darbargadh ==== |
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Darbargadh (Maharajah's palace), the old royal residence of [[Jam Saheb]] and the most important historical complex in Jamnagar, reflects the fusion of Rajput and European styles of architecture. The semi-circular palace complex has several buildings with stone carvings, wall paintings, fretwork jali screens, ornamental mirrors, carved pillars, and sculptures. The exterior walls have carved jharokha balconies in the Indian tradition, a carved gate, and [[Venetian-Gothic arches]]. The [[2001 Gujarat earthquake|earthquake in 2001]] caused significant damage to Darbargadh.{{cn|date=November 2023}} |
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==== Jamnagar Trimandir ==== |
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[[Jamnagar Trimandir]] is a two-storey structure with a large hall on the ground floor and a temple on the first floor.<ref>{{Cite web |last=bhagwan |first=dada |title=List of Trimandir's {{!}} Trimandir {{!}} Non-Sectarian Temple {{!}} Spiritual Temples |url=https://www.dadabhagwan.org/about/trimandir/list-of-trimandirs/ |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=www.dadabhagwan.org |language=en}}</ref> |
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[[File:Khambalia_gate_by_dherendra.jpg|thumb|Khambaliya Gate]] |
[[File:Khambalia_gate_by_dherendra.jpg|thumb|Khambaliya Gate]] |
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The [[Bohra Hajira]] is a white marble mausoleum built by Jam Rawal in 1540.<ref name=":0" /> Also known as Mazar E Badri, it is the resting place of the Muslim saint Mota Bawa.<ref name=":0" /> Bohra Hajira is on the banks of the [[Nagmati River|Nagmati]] and [[Rangmati River]]s.<ref name=":0" /> The mausoleum is of Saracenic style and features intricate carvings.<ref name=":0" /> [[Jamnagar Trimandir]] is a two-storey structure with a large hall on the ground floor and a temple on the first floor.<ref>{{Cite web |last=bhagwan |first=dada |title=List of Trimandir's {{!}} Trimandir {{!}} Non-Sectarian Temple {{!}} Spiritual Temples |url=https://www.dadabhagwan.org/about/trimandir/list-of-trimandirs/ |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=www.dadabhagwan.org |language=en}}</ref> Wazir Meraman Khawa built the [[Khambhaliya Gate]] in the 17th century.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Khambhaliya Gate, India Attractions |url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/india/gujarat/jamnagar/attractions/khambhaliya-gate/a/poi-sig/1556042/356252 |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=www.lonelyplanet.com |language=en}}</ref> It is one of two remaining city gates from that period.<ref name=":1" /> |
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==== Khambhaliya Gate ==== |
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Wazir Meraman Khawa built [[Khambhaliya Gate]] in the 17th century.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Khambhaliya Gate {{!}} , India {{!}} Attractions |url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/india/gujarat/jamnagar/attractions/khambhaliya-gate/a/poi-sig/1556042/356252 |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=www.lonelyplanet.com |language=en}}</ref> It is one of two remaining city gates from that period.<ref name=":1" /> |
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[[File:Lakhota_Museum.JPG|thumb|Lakhota Palace]] |
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==== Lakhota Palace ==== |
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[[Lakhota Palace]] is located on an island in the middle of [[Lakhota Lake]]. It once belonged to the [[Maharaja of Nawanagar]]. This small fort-like palace has semi-circular bastions, turrets, a pavilion with guard-rooms housing swords, [[powder flask]]s, and musket loops. An arched stone bridge with a balustrade connects the Lakhota Palace with the town.{{cn|date=November 2023}} |
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==== Mota Ashapura Maa Temple ==== |
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[[Mota Ashapura Maa Temple]] is located in the east part of Jamnagar where the entrance gate leads into the old city area. The Jadeja clan built the temple for its patron goddess, (Kuldevi).{{cn|date=November 2023}} |
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[[File:Pratap_Vilas_Palace.jpg|thumb|Pratap Vilas Palace]] |
[[File:Pratap_Vilas_Palace.jpg|thumb|Pratap Vilas Palace]] |
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[[Pratap Vilas Palace]], built during the rule of His Royal Highness [[Ranjitsinhji]], features European architectural style with Indian carvings. It is an imitation of the [[Victoria Memorial Building in Calcutta]], but its domes are in the tradition of Indian architecture. Three of the domes are glass. The palace's columns feature carvings of creepers, flowers, leaves, birds, and animals. The [[2001 Gujarat earthquake|2001 earthquake]] caused a costly loss of some damage to its parapets and the separation of some upper walls at the roof level in some corners.{{citation needed|date=November 2023}} [[Willingdon Crescent]] was constructed by Ranjit Singh to replace a slum area.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Willingdon Crescent |url=https://www.gujarattourism.com/saurashtra/jamnagar/willingdon-crescent.html |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=gujrattourism |language=en}}</ref> Inspired by Singh's European travels, it is an arcade of cusped arches, bigger on the ground floor and smaller on the upper storey. It has pilasters on the curving walls and balusters on the parapet. There is a statue of Jam Saheb in the center of the crescent. The [[2001 Gujarat earthquake]] caused slight damage to this shopping area.{{cn|date=August 2024}} |
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[[File:Saifee_Tower_Jamnagar2_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|Saifee Tower]] |
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[[File:Jamnagar Jain Temple - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Shantinath Mandir]] |
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[[File:Jamnagar Solarium - Indian Review 1936 - 37-3.jpg|thumb|Solarium ]] |
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==== Navtanpuri Dham ==== |
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[[Shri Navtanpuri Dham]] was founded by Nijanand Swami Shri Devchandreji in 1630. Previously this holy place was a garden. According to Pranami Vitak-tradition, Shri Devchandraji entered the garden and used a Khijda tree twig to clean his teeth. He then broke the twig into two pieces that he planted into the ground. Over time, the twigs grew into two trees that are still attached to the shrine. Due to this legend, the temple is also called Khijada Mandir.<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.krishnapranami.org/ |website=krishnapranami.org}}</ref> |
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==== Pratap Vilas Palace ==== |
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[[Pratap Vilas Palace]], built during the rule of His Royal Highness [[Ranjitsinhji]], features European architectural style with Indian carvings. It is an imitation of the [[Victoria Memorial Building in Calcutta]], but its domes are in the tradition of Indian architecture. Three of the domes are glass. The palace's columns feature carvings of creepers, flowers, leaves, birds, and animals. The [[2001 Gujarat earthquake|2001 earthquake]] caused a costly loss of some damage to its parapets and the separation of some upper walls at the roof level in some corners.{{cn|date=November 2023}} |
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==== Saifee Tower ==== |
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The architect [[Syedna Taher Saifuddin]] built [[Saifee Tower]] in 1922. It features a clock in the central, tallest section of the tower.{{cn|date=November 2023}} |
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==== Shantinath Mandir ==== |
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The [[Shantinath Mandir]] is southwest of Bedi Gate in Jamnagar. The temple has intricate carvings and walls adorned with murals depicting the lives of Jain saints. The floor is made of marble and decorated with distinctive Jain patterns in yellow, black, white, and red. [[Shantinatha]], a 16th [[Tirthankara]] in Jainism, is the temple's namesake.{{cn|date=November 2023}} |
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==== Solarium ==== |
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Also known as the [[Ranjit Institute of Poly-Radio Therapy]], the Solarium was designed by French architect [[Jean Saidman]] for [[Jam Shri Ranjitsinhji]]. This slowly revolving tower provided full daylong sunlight to treat skin diseases. With the destruction of two similar solaria in France during [[World War II]], this is probably now the only one of its kind in the world, certainly in Asia. Because of advancements in medicine and treatment, it is now obsolete and not in working condition.{{cn|date=November 2023}} |
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==== Vardhman Shah's Temple ==== |
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[[Vardhman Shah's Temple]] is one of the main Jain temples in Jamnagar. Its shrine is dedicated to Adinathji, the first Tirthankara of Jainism.<ref name="jainsite.com">{{Cite web |title=Jain Temple In Jamnagar – The Jainsite World's Largest Jain Website |url=https://jainsite.com/categories/jain-temple-in-jamnagar/ |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=jainsite.com}}</ref> Its construction started in 1612, during the reign of Jam Jasaji I, and was completed in 1620. In 1622, devotees built 52 small deri or temples around the main building |
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==== Willingdon Crescent ==== |
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[[Willingdon Crescent]] was constructed by Ranjit Singh to replace a slum area.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Willingdon Crescent |url=https://www.gujarattourism.com/saurashtra/jamnagar/willingdon-crescent.html |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=gujrattourism |language=en}}</ref> Inspired by Singh's European travels, it is an arcade of cusped arches, bigger on the ground floor and smaller on the upper storey. It has pilasters on the curving walls and balusters on the parapet. There is a statue of Jam Saheb in the center of the crescent. The [[2001 Gujarat earthquake]] caused slight damage to this shopping area. |
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== Sports == |
== Sports == |
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Cricket is a |
Cricket is a popular sport in Jamnagar. A number of Indian [[Test cricket]]ers hail from Jamnagar, including [[Vinoo Mankad]], [[Indrajitsinhji]], [[Ajay Jadeja]], and [[Ravindra Jadeja]]. HH Shri Jam Ranjitsinji built the [[Ajitsinhji Ground|Ajitsinhji Pavilion]] cricket ground in 1908. The [[Ranji Trophy]] and [[Duleep Trophy]] Indian cricket competitions were named in memory of the princes of Jamnagar. |
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The municipal corporation built the sports complex with a swimming pool, badminton court, and other facilities. There is also an 80-year-old sports club, [[Summair Sports Club]], built by the erstwhile rulers of Jamnagar. It has a swimming pool, tennis, squash, and badminton courts, a billiard hall, a table tennis facility, and a hotel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home - Summair Sports Club Jamnagar India |url=http://summairsportsclub.org/ |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=summairsportsclub.org}}</ref> |
The municipal corporation built the sports complex with a swimming pool, badminton court, and other facilities. There is also an 80-year-old sports club, [[Summair Sports Club]], built by the erstwhile rulers of Jamnagar. It has a swimming pool, tennis, squash, and badminton courts, a billiard hall, a table tennis facility, and a hotel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home - Summair Sports Club Jamnagar India |url=http://summairsportsclub.org/ |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=summairsportsclub.org}}</ref> |
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== Parks and recreation == |
== Parks and recreation == |
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The Kotha Bastion museum contains sculptures, coins, inscriptions, copper plates, and the skeleton of a whale. The museum also has an old well where water is drawn by blowing into a small hole in the floor.{{cn|date=August 2024}} The Lakhota Museum is in the former Lakhota Palace. This small museum has a collection of sculptures from the 9th to the 18th centuries, antique weapons, and pottery found in medieval villages from the surrounding area.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lakhota Palace & Museum Jamnagar, Gujarat |url=https://www.tourmyindia.com/states/gujarat/lakhota-palace-and-museum.html |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=www.tourmyindia.com}}</ref> |
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=== Museums === |
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The Kotha Bastion museum contains sculptures, coins, inscriptions, copper plates, and the skeleton of a whale. The museum also has an old well where water is drawn by blowing into a small hole in the floor. |
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The [[Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch|Marine National Park]] on the [[Gulf of Kutch]] is India's first marine sanctuary.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jamnagar, the Unique Coral Walking Area |url=http://www.jamnagar.org/mnp.htm |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=www.jamnagar.org}}</ref> Located about {{convert|7|km}} from the city centre, the park includes an archipelago of 42 islands noted for their coral reefs and mangroves. The area attracts birds, dolphins, finless porpoises, sea turtles, and tropical fish.{{cn|date=August 2024}} |
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The Lakhota Museum is in the former Lakhota Palace. This small museum has a collection of sculptures from the 9th to the 18th centuries, antique weapons, and pottery found in medieval villages from the surrounding area.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lakhota Palace & Museum Jamnagar, Gujarat |url=https://www.tourmyindia.com/states/gujarat/lakhota-palace-and-museum.html |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=www.tourmyindia.com}}</ref> |
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=== Parks and gardens === |
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[[File:Jam Ranjitsinhji Park.jpg|thumb|Main Gate of Jam Ranjitsinhji Park.]] |
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==== Bhuchar Mori Shahid Van ==== |
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{{Main|Bhuchar Mori}} |
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[[Bhuchar Mori Shahid Van]] is a plateau and historic site about {{Convert|2|km|mi}} northwest of Dhrol in the Jamnagar district. The place is known for the [[Battle of Bhuchar Mori]]. It has a memorial site and park with a large garden, a play area for children, a small artificial climbing mountain, and a hut-like structure for picnics. The site has a memorial stone to Ajaji, a horse-mounted idol. There are wall sculptures representing the war fought between the army of [[Kathiawar]] ([[Nawanagar State]]) and the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] army in July 1591.{{cn|date=November 2023}} |
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==== Gulab Kunvarbaa Udhyan ==== |
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[[Gulab Kunvarbaa Udhyan]] is a botanical garden across from the palace ground.{{cn|date=November 2023}} |
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==== Jam Ranjitsinhji Park ==== |
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The Municipal Corporation of Jamnagar has recently developed [[Jam Ranjitsinhji Park]] near [[Ranjit Sagar Dam]]. The park has a garden with colourful fountains. There are also rides for children.{{cn|date=November 2023}} |
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==== Marine National Park ==== |
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{{Main|Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch}} |
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[[Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch|Marine National Park]] on the [[Gulf of Kutch]] is India's first marine sanctuary.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jamnagar, the Unique Coral Walking Area |url=http://www.jamnagar.org/mnp.htm |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=www.jamnagar.org}}</ref> Located about {{convert|7|km}} from the city centre, the park includes an archipelago of 42 islands noted for their coral reefs and mangroves. The area attracts birds, dolphins, finless porpoises, sea turtles, and tropical fish. |
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==== Sardar Patel Amusement Park ==== |
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[[Sardar Patel Amusement Park]] was developed by Jamnagar Municipal Corporation(JMC). Its biggest attractions are a musical dancing fountain, a rain dance fountain for children, a dance hall for youths, a hall for Yoga, and a small auditorium. It also has a variety of rides, garden spaces, and a game arcade zone.{{cn|date=November 2023}} |
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==== Sonapuri ==== |
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Sonapuri or Cremation Park is a crematorium located {{Convert|3|km|mi}} from the city centre. Surrounded by a park, the building has statues and murals depicting the story of Ramayana and various gods, goddesses, and saints. Near the pyres, the installation "Sansar Chakra" illustrates the stages of life.{{cn|date=November 2023}} |
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== Education == |
== Education == |
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=== Transportation === |
=== Transportation === |
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[[Amritsar–Jamnagar Expressway]](NH-754) is an under-construction 1,257 km long, 6-lane wide expressway in the north-western part of India. The expressway will reduce the distance between Amritsar and Jamnagar from earlier 1,430 km to 1,316 km (including Kapurthala-Amritsar section) and the time travel from 26 hours to only 13 hours. It is a part of the Bharatmala and Amritsar–Jamnagar Economic Corridor (EC-3). It will pass through four states of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Gujarat]].<ref name="themetrorailguy.com">{{Cite web|url=https://themetrorailguy.com/nhai-amritsar-jamnagar-economic-corridor-information-route-map-status/|title=Amritsar – Jamnagar Economic Corridor – Information & Status}}</ref> The expressway is strategically important, as it will connect 3 big oil refineries of HMEL Bathinda, HPCL Barmer and [[Reliance Industries]] Limited(RIL) Jamnagar. It will also connect Guru Nanak Dev Thermal Plant (Bathinda) and Suratgarh Super Thermal Power Plant (Sri Ganganagar).<ref name="themetrorailguy.com"/> The expressway will meet the Ludhiana-Bathinda-Ajmer Expressway of the Pathankot–Ajmer Economic Corridor at Bathinda. The construction work on the expressway started in Haryana and Rajasthan in 2019. The Rajasthan section of the expressway from Jakhrawali in Hanumangarh district to Khetlawas in Jalore district was completed in early 2023 and was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 8 July 2023, while the entire expressway is expected to be opened by September 2023.<ref name="themetrorailguy.com"/> |
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==== Amritsar–Jamnagar Expressway(NH-754) ==== |
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[[File:Jamnagar Railway Station Platform 1 - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Jamnagar Railway Station platform]] |
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[[Amritsar–Jamnagar Expressway]](NH-754) is an under-construction 1,257 km long, 6-lane wide expressway in the north-western part of India. The expressway will reduce the distance between Amritsar and [[Jamnagar]] from earlier 1,430 km to 1,316 km (including Kapurthala-Amritsar section) and the time travel from 26 hours to only 13 hours. It is a part of the Bharatmala and Amritsar–Jamnagar Economic Corridor (EC-3). It will pass through four states of [[Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://themetrorailguy.com/nhai-amritsar-jamnagar-economic-corridor-information-route-map-status/}}</ref> |
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There are many private bus service providers with coaches running between Jamnagar and [[Bhuj]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Surat]], [[Vadodara]], [[Mumbai]], [[Pune]], and other major cities. [[Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation|State Transport]] has bus services to almost all cities of Gujarat State and interstate transport facilities. The [[Jamnagar Municipal Corporation]] runs local buses. Also, [[Ola Cabs]] and auto rickshaws are available.{{cn|date=August 2024}} Jamnagar has a [[Jamnagar railway station|railway station]] connected with a variety of India's destinations.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 August 2010 |title=Jamnagar/JAM Railway Station – Today's Train Departure Timings – India Rail Info – A Busy Junction for Travellers & Rail Enthusiasts |url=http://indiarailinfo.com/departures/1662 |access-date=22 June 2012 |publisher=India Rail Info}}</ref> Four daily trains go to [[Mumbai]] and weekly trains to the major cities to the north, east, and south of the country.{{cn|date=August 2024}} The city has an [[Jamnagar Airport|airport]] with a daily direct flight to [[Mumbai]] and thrice-in-a-week flights to [[Hyderabad]] and [[Bengaluru]]. The airport is within a military enclave of the [[Indian Air Force]].{{cn|date=August 2024}} |
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The expressway is strategically important, as it will connect 3 big oil refineries of HMEL Bathinda, HPCL Barmer and [[Reliance Industries]] Limited(RIL) [[Jamnagar]]. It will also connect Guru Nanak Dev Thermal Plant (Bathinda) and Suratgarh Super Thermal Power Plant (Sri Ganganagar).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://themetrorailguy.com/nhai-amritsar-jamnagar-economic-corridor-information-route-map-status/}}</ref> |
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The expressway will meet the Ludhiana-Bathinda-Ajmer Expressway of the Pathankot–Ajmer Economic Corridor at Bathinda. The construction work on the expressway started in Haryana and Rajasthan in 2019. The Rajasthan section of the expressway from Jakhrawali in Hanumangarh district to Khetlawas in Jalore district was completed in early 2023 and was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 8 July 2023, while the entire expressway is expected to be opened by September 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://themetrorailguy.com/nhai-amritsar-jamnagar-economic-corridor-information-route-map-status/}}</ref> |
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==== Public transportation ==== |
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There are many private bus service providers with coaches running between Jamnagar and [[Bhuj]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Surat]], [[Vadodara]], [[Mumbai]], [[Pune]], and other major cities. [[Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation|State Transport]] has bus services to almost all cities of Gujarat State and interstate transport facilities. The [[Jamnagar Municipal Corporation]] runs local buses. Also, [[Ola Cabs]] and auto rickshaws are available.[[File:Jamnagar Railway Station Platform 1 - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Jamnagar Railway Station platform ]] |
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==== Rail ==== |
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Jamnagar has a [[Jamnagar railway station|railway station]] connected with a variety of India's destinations.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 August 2010 |title=Jamnagar/JAM Railway Station – Today's Train Departure Timings – India Rail Info – A Busy Junction for Travellers & Rail Enthusiasts |url=http://indiarailinfo.com/departures/1662 |access-date=22 June 2012 |publisher=India Rail Info}}</ref> Four daily trains go to [[Mumbai]] and weekly trains to the major cities to the north, east, and south of the country. |
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==== Airport ==== |
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The city has an [[Jamnagar Airport|airport]] with a daily direct flight to [[Mumbai]] and thrice-in-a-week flights to [[Hyderabad]] and [[Bengaluru]]. The airport is within a military enclave of the [[Indian Air Force]]. |
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=== Utilities === |
=== Utilities === |
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The [[Sikka Thermal Power Station]] is a coal-fired power station near Jamnagar. Various cable operators like GTPL are available in the city, along with DTH services from [[Tata Play]], Airtel, DishTV, and Videocon D2H. [[Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited]] (BSNL) provides broadband. Reliance has started its 4G service, [[Reliance Jio Infocomm Ltd|Reliance Jio]]. All mobile operators are available in Jamnagar, including [[Vi]], [[Bharti Airtel|Airtel]], [[Reliance Communications|Reliance]], BSNL. |
The [[Sikka Thermal Power Station]] is a [[coal-fired power station]] near Jamnagar. Various cable operators like GTPL are available in the city, along with DTH services from [[Tata Play]], Airtel, DishTV, and Videocon D2H. [[Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited]] (BSNL) provides broadband. Reliance has started its 4G service, [[Reliance Jio Infocomm Ltd|Reliance Jio]]. All mobile operators are available in Jamnagar, including [[Vi (text editor)|Vi]], [[Bharti Airtel|Airtel]], [[Reliance Communications|Reliance]], BSNL.{{cn|date=August 2024}} |
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[[Jamnagar]] is a large city and district in the western part of [[India]]. There are many modern tourist spots here for which many tourists come. This is a city moving on the path of continuous development. There are many good hotels and resorts so tourists can visit this city comfortably. Many modern facilities are available here. Bandhani, Ghughra, brass items and many other things are famous here. <ref>https://ilovejamnagar.com/famous-things/</ref> |
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== Media == |
== Media == |
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Latest revision as of 04:08, 3 December 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (June 2021) |
Jamnagar | |
|---|---|
City | |
    Clockwise from top: Lakhota Lake, Lesser Flamingos, Darbar Garh Market, Swaminaryan Temple | |
 Seal of the Jamnagar Municipal Corporation | |
| Nickname(s): Jewel of Kathiawar, Paris of Saurashtra, Oil City, Brass City, Chhota Kashi, Halar | |
  Jamnagar Location in Gujarat, India | |
| Coordinates: 22°28′N 70°04′E / 22.47°N 70.07°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Gujarat |
| Region | Saurashtra |
| District | Jamnagar |
| Established | August 1540[2] |
| Government | |
| • Type | Mayor–Council |
| • Body | Jamnagar Municipal Corporation |
| • Mayor | Vinodbhai Khimsurya [3] [4] |
| • Municipal Commissioner | Shri D N Modi, IAS [5] |
| Area | |
• Total | 125 km2 (48 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 6 |
| Elevation | 17 m (56 ft) |
| Population (2023) | |
• Total | 668,000 (City Area)[1] |
| • Rank | India : 87th |
| • Density | 5,780/km2 (15,000/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Jamnagari |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 361 001-09 |
| Telephone code | 0288 |
| Vehicle registration | GJ-10 |
| Website | www |
Jamnagar () is a city and the headquarters of Jamnagar district in the Indian state of Gujarat. The city lies just to the south of the Gulf of Kutch, some 337 kilometres (209 mi) west of the state capital, Gandhinagar.
India's largest private company, Reliance Industries, has established the world's largest oil refining and petrochemicals complex in Jamnagar district.[7]
The city was the capital of Nawanagar princely state during British Raj.[8]
The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Government of India signed an agreement to establish the WHO Global Centre for Traditional Medicine in Jamnagar. This global knowledge centre for traditional medicine, supported by an investment of USD 250 million from the Government of India, aims to harness the potential of traditional medicine from across the world through modern science and technology to improve the health of people and the planet.[9]
India's largest private company, Reliance Industries is developing world's largest zoo near by 28 kms from Jamnagar city.[10] Luxury hotel chain Lemon Tree Hotels will open its new luxury hotel in Jamnagar in FY25.[10] Jamnagar Municipal Corporation is planning to be develop riverfront on Rangmati – Nagmati river which cost of around 500 crore.[11]
History
[edit]
Nawanagar was founded by Jam Rawal in 1540 as the capital of the eponymous princely state.[12] Jamnagar, historically known as Nawanagar (the new town), was one of the most important and the largest princely states of the Jadejas in the Saurashtra region. It was a thirteen-gun salute state.
According to historical records, Bahadur Shah, Sultan of Gujarat bestowed upon Jam Lakhaji twelve villages in recognition of his role in the siege of Pawagadh. Shortly after he took possession of the villages, Jam Lakhaji was killed by his cousins, Tamachi Deda and Jam Hamir Jadeja. His son, Jam Rawal, murdered his father's killers and became ruler of Kutch. The State of Kutch was semi-independent from the Gujarat Sultanate.
Hamirji's sons, Khengarji and Sahibji, served the Sultan of Gujarat. During a hunt, the brothers saved the Sultan from being killed by a lion. As a reward for their valour, the Sultan sent an army with them to regain their kingdom. Jam Rawal prepared for battle after hearing that the two princes were returning to Kutch with the imperial army.
Goddess Ashapuraji, the supreme deity of the Jadeja Clan of Rajputs, appeared to Jam Rawal in a dream. She told him that although he had broken an oath taken in her name not to kill Hamirji, she had refrained from punishing him because he had previously honoured her. She said that Jam Rawal was no longer to dwell in Kutch.
As Jam Rawal and his entourage marched out of Kutch, they attacked and killed Tamachi Deda, the main conspirator in the murder of Jam Lakhaji. Jam Rawal also conquered the town of Amran and its dependencies, bestowing the rule of Dhrol province on his younger brother Hardholji. Hardholji died in battle at Mithoi near Khambhalia, passing the throne to his eldest son Jasoji. Jam Rawal conquered parts of Saurashtra and formed his kingdom with 999 villages named Halar.
While on a hunting trip in present-day Jamnagar, Jam Rawal's hunting dogs were scared by a hare brave enough to turn on them. Jam Rawal thought that if this land could breed such hares, the men born here would be superior to other men. As a result, he made this place his capital.
On the seventh day of the bright half of the month of Shrawan, V.S.1956 (August 1540) on the banks of the Rangmati and Nagmati rivers, Jam Rawal laid the foundation of his new capital and named it Nawanagar (new town). After a few centuries, its name changed to Jamnagar or the Town of the JAMs.
During the 18th century, Nawanagar was ruled by the Jadeja Rajputs, who were known for their bravery and military prowess. They fought many battles with the neighboring states and played a significant role in defending the region against foreign invasions.
In 1807, Nawanagar became a princely state under the British Raj. The first ruler of the state was Maharaja Ranjit Singhji, who was known for his progressive policies and efforts to modernize the state. He built many schools, hospitals, and other public facilities, and introduced a number of reforms to improve the lives of his subjects.[8]
Jamsaib was instrumental in creating the city's modern infrastructure during his reign in the 1920s. Jam Saheb Shri Digvijaysinhji Ranjitsinhji expanded the city's development in the 1940s when it was part of the Princely state of Nawanagar.
Geography
[edit]Major communities include the Jadeja, Khavas Rjput, Charan (Gadhvi), Satvaras (Dalvadis), Ahirs Sagars, Patels, Bhanushalis, Rajputs, Mers, Jains, Lohanas, Brahmins, Bhoi (Bhoiraj), and Vaghers (Muslim and Hindu)
There are two important ports close to Jamnagar. Rozi Port is on the shore of the Gulf of Kutch; Bedi Port is two nautical miles (4 kilometres (2.5 mi)) inland on the Rangamati River. Bedi Port is an all-weather intermediate seaport that exports various commodities, including bauxite, soya meal extracts, and ground nut extracts. The port's imports include coal, fertilizer, and other items.
The coral reef island of Pirotan is one of the 42 islands which compose the Marine National Park. Pirotan lies in the Arabian Sea, 12 nautical miles off the coast, and stretches up to 3 square kilometres (1.2 sq mi).
Khijadia Bird Sanctuary, located 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northeast of Jamnagar, was established 6 November 1982.[13] It features a seasonal freshwater shallow lake, inter-tidal mudflats, creeks, saltpans, saline land, and mangrove scrub.[14] The place is a known breeding ground of the great crested grebe, the little grebe, purple moorhen, coot, black-winged stilt, and pheasant-tailed jiacana.[15] Raptors, including harriers, eagles, hawks, and falcons also live here. The sanctuary also shelters migratory birds such as swallows, martins, wagtails, and waterfowl.
Jamnagar has huge reserves of bauxite, with its mines contributing 95% of the total production in the state.[16]
Climate
[edit]Jamnagar has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen: BSh). There are three defined seasons. The hot season lasts from March to May and is extremely hot and humid. Next is the wet season with extremely erratic monsoonal rainfall[17] that averages around 500 millimetres (20 in). However, rainfall has varied from less than 100 millimetres (3.9 in) in 1911 and 1939 to over 1,500 millimetres (59.1 in) in 2010.[18] Tropical cyclones sometimes affect the region during this period. The cool season is from October to February when it remains hot during the day but has negligible rainfall, low humidity, and cool nights.
The highest recorded temperature in Jamnagar was 47 °C (116.6 °F) on 5 May 1990, while the lowest recorded temperature was 1 °C (33.8 °F) on 5 February 1984.[19]
| Climate data for Jamnagar | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 36 (97) |
38 (100) |
44 (111) |
45 (113) |
47 (117) |
46 (115) |
40 (104) |
39 (102) |
41 (106) |
43 (109) |
40 (104) |
38 (100) |
47 (117) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 26.5 (79.7) |
28.8 (83.8) |
33 (91) |
35.6 (96.1) |
36.4 (97.5) |
35.9 (96.6) |
32.3 (90.1) |
31.5 (88.7) |
32 (90) |
34.5 (94.1) |
32.4 (90.3) |
28 (82) |
32.2 (90.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 18.6 (65.5) |
20.9 (69.6) |
25.4 (77.7) |
28.6 (83.5) |
30.9 (87.6) |
31.4 (88.5) |
29.2 (84.6) |
28.4 (83.1) |
27.9 (82.2) |
28 (82) |
24.3 (75.7) |
20.1 (68.2) |
26.1 (79.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 9.7 (49.5) |
13.8 (56.8) |
17.8 (64.0) |
21.6 (70.9) |
25.4 (77.7) |
27 (81) |
26.2 (79.2) |
25.4 (77.7) |
23.9 (75.0) |
20.7 (69.3) |
14.7 (58.5) |
11.4 (52.5) |
19.8 (67.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 1 (34) |
1 (34) |
9 (48) |
13 (55) |
18 (64) |
20 (68) |
10 (50) |
12 (54) |
16 (61) |
11 (52) |
8 (46) |
1 (34) |
1 (34) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 1 (0.0) |
1 (0.0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
5 (0.2) |
61 (2.4) |
213 (8.4) |
126 (5.0) |
64 (2.5) |
11 (0.4) |
4 (0.2) |
1 (0.0) |
487 (19.1) |
| Source 1: Climate-Data.org (altitude: 23 metres or 75 feet),[20] Voodoo Skies for record temperatures[19] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Jamnagar Weather | |||||||||||||
Demographics
[edit]Jamnagar urban area population in 2023 is 6,68,000.[21] Jamnagar has an average literacy rate of 82.14%, higher than the national average of 74.04%. Its male literacy rate is 86.90%, and its female literacy rate is 77.05%. In Jamnagar, 10% of the population is under six years of age. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. The urban development authority of Jamnagar is Jamnagar Area Development Authority (JADA).
Most residents of Jamnagar are Gujarati and speak the Gujarati language. A small portion of the population speaks the Kutchi language, which is written in the Gujarati script but not mutually intelligible with Gujarati. The Kathiawadi language, a colloquial dialect of Gujarati, is widely used for day-to-day communication.
| Religion | Population (1901)[22] | Percentage (1901) |
|---|---|---|
Hinduism 
|
32,005 | 59.44% |
Islam 
|
17,027 | 31.62% |
Jainism
|
4031 | 7.49% |
Zoroastrianism 
|
111 | 0.21% |
Christianity 
|
79 | 0.15% |
Judaism 
|
1 | 0% |
| Total | 53,844 | 100% |
Economy
[edit]
The local population has given up its ancestral fishing businesses and has adopted different jobs created by industrialization and the arrival of several giant companies. Approximately 10% of the city's population earns their income by producing and exporting traditional Bandhani cloth. Digjam runs a composite mill manufacturing worsted fabrics at Jamnagar. It has been a notable player in the worsted textile industry in India.
Jamnagar was formerly known as the Brass City because it houses more than 5,000 large-scale and 10,000 small-scale workshops that manufacture brass items. Most workshops are in and around the industrial estates of Shankar Tekri, GIDC Phase-III, M P Shah Udhyognagar, and Dared GIDC-II Industrial estate. The workshops make brass parts and extruded rods for export. Jamnagar is the largest producer of brass items in India.
Jamnagar is known as the World's Oil City because it is home to the world's biggest oil refineries. The Jamnagar Refinery is a private-sector crude oil refinery owned by Reliance Industries Limited. The refinery was commissioned on 14 July 1999 and is the largest refinery in the world.[23] Nayara Energy owns Vadinar Refinery. India's second-largest single-site refinery is at Vadinar, Gujarat.
Jamnagar has base stations for the Indian Air Force, the Indian Army, and the Indian Navy. The city has a strategic location close to Pakistan. It also has sizable reserves of bauxite, with its mines contributing 95% of the total production in the state.[16]
Arts and Culture
[edit]Religion
[edit]Jamnagar has several temples, such as Sidhnath Mahadev Temple, Badri Kedar Nath, Nilkanth Mahadev Temple, and Bhid Bhanjan Mahadev Temple near the Town Hall and the Kashi Vishwanath Temple on the K.V. Road. It is also well known for its four marble Jain temples: Vardhman Shah's Temple, Raisi Shah's Temple, Sheth's Temple, and Vasupujya Swami's Temple. All of these temples date to between 1574 and 1622. There are more than 30 Jain Temples in Jamnagar.
The Bala Hanuman Temple on the southeastern side of Ranmal Lake is known for the continuous chanting of the mantra "Sri Ram, Jai Ram, Jai Jai Ram". Starting on 1 August 1964, this chant continues for 24 hours a day, earning the temple a place in the Guinness Book of World Records.[24] Thousands of devotees visit the temple every year. Bholeshwar Mahadev Temple holds a fair every year on Shravani Amas. During the holy month of Shravana, there are Hindu fairs on the dried river banks near Bohra Hajira.[25]
Architecture
[edit]
The Bohra Hajira is a white marble mausoleum built by Jam Rawal in 1540.[25] Also known as Mazar E Badri, it is the resting place of the Muslim saint Mota Bawa.[25] Bohra Hajira is on the banks of the Nagmati and Rangmati Rivers.[25] The mausoleum is of Saracenic style and features intricate carvings.[25] Jamnagar Trimandir is a two-storey structure with a large hall on the ground floor and a temple on the first floor.[26] Wazir Meraman Khawa built the Khambhaliya Gate in the 17th century.[27] It is one of two remaining city gates from that period.[27]
Pratap Vilas Palace, built during the rule of His Royal Highness Ranjitsinhji, features European architectural style with Indian carvings. It is an imitation of the Victoria Memorial Building in Calcutta, but its domes are in the tradition of Indian architecture. Three of the domes are glass. The palace's columns feature carvings of creepers, flowers, leaves, birds, and animals. The 2001 earthquake caused a costly loss of some damage to its parapets and the separation of some upper walls at the roof level in some corners.[citation needed] Willingdon Crescent was constructed by Ranjit Singh to replace a slum area.[28] Inspired by Singh's European travels, it is an arcade of cusped arches, bigger on the ground floor and smaller on the upper storey. It has pilasters on the curving walls and balusters on the parapet. There is a statue of Jam Saheb in the center of the crescent. The 2001 Gujarat earthquake caused slight damage to this shopping area.[citation needed]
Sports
[edit]Cricket is a popular sport in Jamnagar. A number of Indian Test cricketers hail from Jamnagar, including Vinoo Mankad, Indrajitsinhji, Ajay Jadeja, and Ravindra Jadeja. HH Shri Jam Ranjitsinji built the Ajitsinhji Pavilion cricket ground in 1908. The Ranji Trophy and Duleep Trophy Indian cricket competitions were named in memory of the princes of Jamnagar.
The municipal corporation built the sports complex with a swimming pool, badminton court, and other facilities. There is also an 80-year-old sports club, Summair Sports Club, built by the erstwhile rulers of Jamnagar. It has a swimming pool, tennis, squash, and badminton courts, a billiard hall, a table tennis facility, and a hotel.[29]
Parks and recreation
[edit]The Kotha Bastion museum contains sculptures, coins, inscriptions, copper plates, and the skeleton of a whale. The museum also has an old well where water is drawn by blowing into a small hole in the floor.[citation needed] The Lakhota Museum is in the former Lakhota Palace. This small museum has a collection of sculptures from the 9th to the 18th centuries, antique weapons, and pottery found in medieval villages from the surrounding area.[30]
The Marine National Park on the Gulf of Kutch is India's first marine sanctuary.[31] Located about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from the city centre, the park includes an archipelago of 42 islands noted for their coral reefs and mangroves. The area attracts birds, dolphins, finless porpoises, sea turtles, and tropical fish.[citation needed]
Education
[edit]Jamnagar has many private and government-granted schools, including Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya; Podar International School and St. Xavier's High School, Jamnagar.[32]
Jamnagar also has dental and health colleges, including M. P. Shah Medical College and Gujarat Ayurved University There are several colleges for arts, commerce, and science.
Infrastructure
[edit]Transportation
[edit]Amritsar–Jamnagar Expressway(NH-754) is an under-construction 1,257 km long, 6-lane wide expressway in the north-western part of India. The expressway will reduce the distance between Amritsar and Jamnagar from earlier 1,430 km to 1,316 km (including Kapurthala-Amritsar section) and the time travel from 26 hours to only 13 hours. It is a part of the Bharatmala and Amritsar–Jamnagar Economic Corridor (EC-3). It will pass through four states of Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Gujarat.[33] The expressway is strategically important, as it will connect 3 big oil refineries of HMEL Bathinda, HPCL Barmer and Reliance Industries Limited(RIL) Jamnagar. It will also connect Guru Nanak Dev Thermal Plant (Bathinda) and Suratgarh Super Thermal Power Plant (Sri Ganganagar).[33] The expressway will meet the Ludhiana-Bathinda-Ajmer Expressway of the Pathankot–Ajmer Economic Corridor at Bathinda. The construction work on the expressway started in Haryana and Rajasthan in 2019. The Rajasthan section of the expressway from Jakhrawali in Hanumangarh district to Khetlawas in Jalore district was completed in early 2023 and was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 8 July 2023, while the entire expressway is expected to be opened by September 2023.[33]
There are many private bus service providers with coaches running between Jamnagar and Bhuj, Ahmedabad, Surat, Vadodara, Mumbai, Pune, and other major cities. State Transport has bus services to almost all cities of Gujarat State and interstate transport facilities. The Jamnagar Municipal Corporation runs local buses. Also, Ola Cabs and auto rickshaws are available.[citation needed] Jamnagar has a railway station connected with a variety of India's destinations.[34] Four daily trains go to Mumbai and weekly trains to the major cities to the north, east, and south of the country.[citation needed] The city has an airport with a daily direct flight to Mumbai and thrice-in-a-week flights to Hyderabad and Bengaluru. The airport is within a military enclave of the Indian Air Force.[citation needed]
Utilities
[edit]The Sikka Thermal Power Station is a coal-fired power station near Jamnagar. Various cable operators like GTPL are available in the city, along with DTH services from Tata Play, Airtel, DishTV, and Videocon D2H. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) provides broadband. Reliance has started its 4G service, Reliance Jio. All mobile operators are available in Jamnagar, including Vi, Airtel, Reliance, BSNL.[citation needed]
Media
[edit]All India Radio airs at 100.1 MHz. Top FM airs at 91.9 MHz. Radio Mirchi airs at 95 MHz.
Daily local and national newspapers are available in Jamnagar in multiple languages, including The Times of India, Economic Times, Indian Express, and Business Standard. Local newspapers published in Gujarati include Aajkaal, Bhoomi, Jamnagar Bhaskar, Khabar Gujarat, Lokwat, and Nobat. The Princely State is the local English language newspaper.
Notable people
[edit]
The following individuals were born or have lived in Jamnagar:
- Ruskin Bond, author
- Ranjitsinhji, King of erstwhile Nawanagar State, first international cricketer of India, represented England cricket team.
- Vinoo Mankad, former cricketer
- Duleepsinhji, former cricketer
- Salim Durani, Indian former test cricketer
- Remo D'Souza, dancer, choreographer, actor, and film director
- Indrajitsinhji, ex test cricketer
- Ajay Jadeja, former ODI cricketer
- Rajendrasinhji Jadeja, first Chief of Army Staff
- Ravindra Jadeja, Indian cricketer
- Digvijaysinhji Ranjitsinhji, Jam Sahib of Nawanagar, also known as The Good Maharaja
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Jamnagar Population 2023". Retrieved 21 October 2023.
- ^ District Jamnagar, Government of Gujarat
- ^ "જામનગર શહેરના નવા મેયરના નામની જાહેરાત કરવામાં આવી છે". 12 September 2023.
- ^ "Hasmukh Jethwa is new Mayor of Jamnagar, Karsan Karmur his deputy". deshgurat. 15 June 2018.
- ^ "Who's Who | District Jamnagar, Government of Gujarat | India".
- ^ "Amdavad city". Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation. Archived from the original on 27 June 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
- ^ "Jamnagar: Reliance Industries Limited". Archived from the original on 24 October 2008. Retrieved 30 October 2008.
- ^ a b "History of Jamnagar". 14 May 2023.
- ^ "WHO establishes the Global Centre for Traditional Medicine in India". www.who.int.
- ^ a b "Lemon Tree Hotels signs new property in India's Jamnagar". 9 October 2023.
- ^ "Jamnagar: રંગમતી, નાગમતિ નદી પર રિવરફ્રન્ટ બનાવવાની યોજના 7 વર્ષથી માત્ર કાગળ પર, જાણો વિકાસને ક્યા ગ્રહણ લાગ્યુ ?". 17 April 2022.
- ^ Crill, Rosemary; Jariwala, Kapil (2010). The Indian Portrait, 1560–1860. Mapin Publishing Pvt Ltd. p. 88. ISBN 978-81-89995-37-9 – via Google Books.
- ^ "A Heaven for Waders". Waders Wildlife and Birding Tours of Gujarat and Kutch. Web Archive. 21 July 2011. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
- ^ "Welcome to the Khijadiya Bird Sanctuary, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India". Khijadiyabirds.com. 22 June 2010. Archived from the original on 15 June 2012. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
- ^ "Jamnagar, the bird watchers paradise". jamnagar.org. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
- ^ a b "Jamnagar Municipal Corporation". www.mcjamnagar.com. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
- ^ Kane, R.P.; "Extreme of the ENSO Phenomenon and Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall" in International Journal of Climatology; 18: 775–791 (1998)
- ^ "District rainfall statistics for Jamnagar". India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original on 1 March 2014. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
- ^ a b "Jamnagar, India". Voodoo Skies. Archived from the original on 11 May 2015. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
- ^ "Climate: Jamnagar – Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
- ^ "Jamnagar Population 2024". worldpopulationreview.com.
- ^ Enthoven, R. E. (1902). Census of India, 1901: Volume IX-A. Bombay: Part II, Imperial Tables. Government Central Press. pp. 42–43.
- ^ "Jamnagar gets ready to make its mark". Petroleum Intelligence Weekly.
- ^ Balakrishna, VN (31 July 2009). "Non-Stop Ram Dhun completes 45 years in Jamnagar". Desh Gujarat. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
- ^ a b c d e "Bohra Hajira, Jamnagar - Timings, History, Pooja & Aarti schedule". Trawell.in. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
- ^ bhagwan, dada. "List of Trimandir's | Trimandir | Non-Sectarian Temple | Spiritual Temples". www.dadabhagwan.org. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
- ^ a b "Khambhaliya Gate, India Attractions". www.lonelyplanet.com. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
- ^ "Willingdon Crescent". gujrattourism. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
- ^ "Home - Summair Sports Club Jamnagar India". summairsportsclub.org. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
- ^ "Lakhota Palace & Museum Jamnagar, Gujarat". www.tourmyindia.com. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
- ^ "Jamnagar, the Unique Coral Walking Area". www.jamnagar.org. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
- ^ "Best CBSE Schools in Jamnagar, Gujarat". Podar International School. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
- ^ a b c "Amritsar – Jamnagar Economic Corridor – Information & Status".
- ^ "Jamnagar/JAM Railway Station – Today's Train Departure Timings – India Rail Info – A Busy Junction for Travellers & Rail Enthusiasts". India Rail Info. 6 August 2010. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jamnagar.
- Birds picture and information in Jamnagar
- NavaNagarNa NarBanka and RajSattaNa Rang – Books exploring History of Jamnagar
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