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Coordinates: 49°21′52″N 9°04′35″E / 49.36444°N 9.07639°E / 49.36444; 9.07639
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| image_caption = Obrigheim Nuclear Power Plant
| image_caption = Obrigheim Nuclear Power Plant
| image_alt =
| image_alt =
| location_map = Germany
| location_map_size =
| location_map_size =
| location_map_caption =
| location_map_caption =
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| country = Germany
| country = Germany
| location = [[Obrigheim]], [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]]
| location = [[Obrigheim]], [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]]
| status = M
| status = Decommissioning
| construction_began = 1965
| construction_began = 1965
| commissioned = March 31, 1969
| commissioned = March 31, 1969
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| np_reactor_supplier = [[Siemens-Schuckert]]
| np_reactor_supplier = [[Siemens-Schuckert]]
| ps_units_manu_model =
| ps_units_manu_model =
| ps_thermal_capacity = 1050<ref>{{cite web |title=Obrigheim nuclear power plant {{!}} Nuclear facilities |url=https://www.nuklearesicherheit.de/en/nuclear-facilities/nuclear-power-plants-in-germany/obrigheim-nuclear-power-plant/ |website=www.nuklearesicherheit.de |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200922104005/https://www.nuklearesicherheit.de/en/nuclear-facilities/nuclear-power-plants-in-germany/obrigheim-nuclear-power-plant/ |archive-date=22 September 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ps_electrical_capacity =
| ps_electrical_capacity = 340
| ps_annual_generation = 2593
| ps_annual_generation = 2593
| ps_electrical_cap_fac = 82.9%<!-- 2,593,000 MWh/year / (357 MW * 365 days/year * 24h/day) = 0.829 -->
| ps_electrical_cap_fac = 82.9%<!-- 2,593,000 MWh/year / (357 MW * 365 days/year * 24h/day) = 0.829 -->
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| extra =
| extra =
}}
}}
'''Obrigheim Nuclear Power Plant''' (KWO) is a mothballed nuclear power plant in [[Obrigheim]], [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]], on the banks of the [[Neckar]] and owned by [[EnBW]]. It operated a[[pressurized water reactor]] unit from 1969 to 2005. It has been defuelled since 2007, with spent fuel rods awaiting transport to an interim storage facility. In March 2017, EnBW tested the shipment of numerous castors by barge on the Neckar to [[Neckarwestheim Nuclear Power Plant]].
'''Obrigheim Nuclear Power Plant''' (KWO) is a nuclear power plant currently in the [[Nuclear decommissioning|decommissioning]] phase. The plant is located in [[Obrigheim]], [[Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]], on the banks of the [[Neckar]] and owned by [[EnBW]]. It operated a [[pressurized water reactor]] unit from 1969 to 2005. The defuelling process was completed in 2007, with spent fuel rods awaiting transport to an interim storage facility. In March 2017, EnBW tested the shipment of numerous castors by a barge on the Neckar to [[Neckarwestheim Nuclear Power Plant]].


==History 1959-2005==
==History 1959-2005==
On May 5, 1955 the [[Federal Republic of Germany]], with the French occupation force, started to work in earnest towards peaceful use of nuclear energy. The district of [[Bavaria]] and [[Baden-Württemberg]] were particularly interested in this development. In 1957 the ''Arbeitsgemeinschaft Kernkraft Stuttgart'' (AKS) group was created in Baden-Württemberg. The [[minister-president]] and minister of economics of Baden-Württemberg at the time, [[Hermann Veit]] took over the project of establishing a nuclear power plant, and looked towards the [[Calder Hall]] [[Gas cooled reactor]] in [[England]] for a design.{{cn|date=March 2017}}
On May 5, 1955, the [[Federal Republic of Germany]], with the French occupation force, started to work in earnest towards peaceful use of nuclear energy. The district of [[Bavaria]] and [[Baden-Württemberg]] were particularly interested in this development. In 1957 the ''Arbeitsgemeinschaft Kernkraft Stuttgart'' (AKS) group was created in Baden-Württemberg. The [[minister-president]] and minister of the economics of Baden-Württemberg at the time, [[Hermann Veit]] took over the project of establishing a nuclear power plant, and looked towards the [[Calder Hall]] [[Gas cooled reactor]] in [[England]] for a design.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}}


In the spring 1959, AKS chose an unusual reactor design: the [[organically moderated and cooled reactor]] (OMR). When the much smaller [[United States Atomic Energy Commission|AEC]] demonstration facility at [[Piqua, Ohio]] suffered severe problems, they switched to a [[light water reactor]] in 1962. {{cn|date=March 2017}}
In the spring of 1959, AKS chose an unusual reactor design: the [[organically moderated and cooled reactor]] (OMR). When the much smaller [[United States Atomic Energy Commission|AEC]] demonstration facility at [[Piqua, Ohio]] suffered severe problems, they switched to a [[light water reactor]] in 1962.{{sfn|Shirvan|Forrest|2016|p=Table 1}}


The reactor went online in 1969 and was shut down in 2005.<ref name="wiwo">{{Cite web |url=http://www.wiwo.de/politik/deutschland/atom-proteste-umweltschuetzer-laufen-sturm-gegen-atommuelltransporte/v_detail_tab_print/19502218.html |title=Umweltschützer laufen Sturm gegen Atommülltransporte |last=Angela Hennersdorf |date=10 March 2017 |publisher=Wirtschaftswoche}}</ref>
The reactor was built with a US license and public funding,<ref>{{cite web |title=D.7.7: Case Study Report Nuclear |url=http://www.set-nav.eu/sites/default/files/common_files/deliverables/WP7/Case%20Study%20Report%20on%20Nuclear%20Power.pdf |publisher=Technische Universität Berlin |page=106 |date=February 2019 |quote=The last demonstration reactor was Obrigheim (340 MWe, 1,050 MWth) con-structed by Siemens (KWU) under US license, Obrigheim was also the last reactor to receive government subsidies, all subsequent orders were wholly utility financed.}}</ref> and went online in 1969.<ref name="wiwo">{{Cite web |url=http://www.wiwo.de/politik/deutschland/atom-proteste-umweltschuetzer-laufen-sturm-gegen-atommuelltransporte/v_detail_tab_print/19502218.html |title=Umweltschützer laufen Sturm gegen Atommülltransporte |last=Angela Hennersdorf |date=10 March 2017 |publisher=Wirtschaftswoche}}</ref>

During the [[2003 European heat wave]], Obrigheim was shut down due to high water temperature in the river.<ref>{{cite web |title=Studie Wärmelast Rhein - BUND RLP |url=https://www.bund-rlp.de/fileadmin/rlp/Publikationen/Ak_Wasser/bund_waerme_lang_bild.pdf |date=19 May 2009 |quote=Zeitweise mußte das AKW (Zwangs-) abgeschaltet werden. Die Routinemäßige Jahresprüfung wurde um zehn Tage vorgezogen.}}</ref><!--from https://www.bund-rlp.de/service/publikationen/detail/publication/studie-waermelast-rhein/ -->

It was permanently shut down in 2005,<ref name="wiwo"/> having produced 90 billion kWh.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kernkraftwerk Obrigheim (KWO) {{!}} EnBW |url=https://www.enbw.com/unternehmen/konzern/energieerzeugung/kernenergie/standorte/standort-obrigheim.html |website=Kernkraftwerk Obrigheim (KWO) |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200809181255/https://www.enbw.com/unternehmen/konzern/energieerzeugung/kernenergie/standorte/standort-obrigheim.html |archive-date=9 August 2020 |language=de |url-status=live}}</ref>


==Decommissioning, 2005-present==
==Decommissioning, 2005-present==
Since 2005 the [[EnBW]] owned nuclear power in Obrigheim has been in the process of dismantlement; the [[spent fuel rod]]s have been in wet storage since 2007. The salient barrier is a missing final repository for the 342 highly radioactive fuel rods. Obrigheim does not have an interim storage facility. For EnBW not to have to build one, the fuel rods need to be shipped to the [[Neckarwestheim Nuclear Power Plant]], which is about 40 kilometers away and still has space in its temporary storage. The move has already been approved, but it is still unclear by what means. EnBW has considered transport by road, by rail and by barge. The former two options do not apply absent a nearby train connection, and road transport is complicated by single lane roads through a densely populated area, where large-scale barriers would have to be made.<ref name="wiwo"/>
Since 2005 the [[EnBW]] owned nuclear power in Obrigheim has been in the process of decommissioning; the [[spent fuel rod]]s have been in wet storage since 2007. The salient barrier is a missing final repository for the 342 highly radioactive fuel rods. Obrigheim had an interim storage facility between 1998 and 2007.<ref>{{cite web |title=State and Development of Nuclear Energy Utilization in the Federal Republic of Germany 2015 |url=https://doris.bfs.de/jspui/bitstream/urn:nbn:de:0221-2016072114054/3/BfS-SK-28-16.pdf |publisher=Department of Nuclear Safety |page=23+38 |date=July 2016}}</ref> For EnBW not to have to build one, the fuel rods needed to be shipped to the [[Neckarwestheim Nuclear Power Plant]], which is about 40 kilometers away and still had space in its temporary storage. EnBW had considered transport by road, by rail and by barge. The former two options did not apply absent a nearby train connection, and road transport is complicated by single-lane roads through a densely populated area, where large-scale barriers would have to be made.<ref name="wiwo"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Topf |first1=C. |title=Full system decontamination at the Obrigheim nuclear power plant prior to decommissioning |journal=Atw. Internationale Zeitschrift für Kernenergie |date=2007 |volume=52 |issue=11 |pages=727–730 |url=https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:38115833 |language=English |issn=1431-5254}}</ref>


Since both nuclear plants were built on the banks of the Neckar, barge transport appears to be the preferred way in spite of the 23 bridges and 6six locks it must pass. A ramp has already been built in Obrigheim. To test the process, EnBW had shipped empty nuclear waste containers over the Neckar in early March 2017. Even the green environment ministry in Baden-Württemberg thinks the waterway is the best solution, but the [[Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety|Bundesministerium für Umwelt]] approval is yet to come. For the first time in Germany´s history, highly radioactive waste would be transported on a river.<ref name="wiwo"/>
Since both nuclear plants were built on the banks of the Neckar, barge transport appeared to be the preferred way in spite of the 23 bridges and six locks it must pass. Even the green environment ministry in Baden-Württemberg saw the waterway as the best solution, but the [[Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety|Bundesministerium für Umwelt]] had critics. For the first time in Germany´s history, highly radioactive waste was transported on a river.<ref name="wiwo"/>


Protests against the [[CASTOR (nuclear waste)|castor]] transports on the river have been building. About 650 people followed a call for the "Neckar castorfrei" campaign to protest and march as "a sign before the anniversary of the Fukushima disaster of March 11, 2011".<ref name="wiwo"/>
Protests against the [[CASTOR (nuclear waste)|castor]] transports on the river had been arising. About 650 people followed a call for the "Neckar castorfrei" campaign to protest and march as "a sign before the anniversary of the Fukushima disaster of March 11, 2011".<ref name="wiwo"/>

The remaining waste water was evaporated.<ref>{{cite web |title=Obrigheim nuclear power plant – engineering and erection of an electric evaporation system - Kraftanlagen |url=https://www.kraftanlagen.com/en/projects/obrigheim-nuclear-power-plant-engineering-and-erection-of-an-electric-evaporation-system/ |website=www.kraftanlagen.com |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200921031054/https://www.kraftanlagen.com/en/projects/obrigheim-nuclear-power-plant-engineering-and-erection-of-an-electric-evaporation-system/ |archive-date=21 September 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>


== Hardware features ==
== Hardware features ==
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[[File:Obrigheim-kernkraftwerk.jpg|thumb|View of the nuclear power plant]]
[[File:Obrigheim-kernkraftwerk.jpg|thumb|View of the nuclear power plant]]
[[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F056652-0021, Kernkraftwerk Obrigheim (KWO).jpg|thumb|The nuclear power plant in 1979]]
[[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F056652-0021, Kernkraftwerk Obrigheim (KWO).jpg|thumb|The nuclear power plant in 1979]]
The electric power was transported by a single power line to Hüffenhardt substation. The power line carried four circuits, two for 220&nbsp;kV and two for 110&nbsp;kV. The circuits for 110&nbsp;&nbsp;kV were mounted on the lowest of the three crossbars of the pylons, and the circuits for 220&nbsp;kV on the middle and the upper crossbar of the pylons.{{technical-inline|date=March 2017}}
The electric power was transported by a single power line to Hüffenhardt substation. The power line carried four circuits, two for 220&nbsp;kV and two for 110&nbsp;kV. The circuits for 110&nbsp;&nbsp;kV were mounted on the lowest of the three crossbars of the pylons, and the circuits for 220&nbsp;kV on the middle and the upper crossbar of the pylons.{{technical inline|date=March 2017}}


An unusual feature of the power line between the pylons is that insulators are mounted between the conductors to prevent short circuits by too close a conductor clearance with strong winds.{{according to whom|date=March 2017}}
An unusual feature of the power line between the pylons is that insulators are mounted between the conductors to prevent short circuits by too close a conductor clearance with strong winds.{{according to whom|date=March 2017}}


To monitor radioactivity there were two meteorological towers, built as lattice steel masts. One of them was built in 1977/78 between the village of [[Obrigheim|Asbach]] and Kirstätter Hof at 49 20 30 N and 9 02 47 E. In 2001, the 169 metres tall mast was demolished by explosives. A free-standing mobile phone transmission tower made of prefabricated concrete was built on its site. The other meteorological tower erected in 1962 is 99 metres tall, located close to the power plant, and still in use.{{cn|date=March 2017}}
To monitor radioactivity there were two meteorological towers, built as lattice steel masts. One of them was built in 1977/78 between the village of [[Obrigheim|Asbach]] and Kirstätter Hof at 49 20 30 N and 9 02 47 E. In 2001, the 169 metres tall mast was demolished by explosives. A free-standing mobile phone transmission tower made of prefabricated concrete was built on its site. The other meteorological tower erected in 1962 is 99 metres tall, located close to the power plant, and still in use.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}}



==See also==
==See also==
Line 64: Line 69:


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* {{cite journal
|first1=Koroush |last1=Shirvan
|first2=Eric |last2=Forrest
|title=Design of an Organic Simplified Nuclear Reactor
|journal=Nuclear Engineering and Technology
|volume=48 |issue=4
|date=August 2016
|pages=893–905
|doi=10.1016/j.net.2016.02.019
|doi-access=free
|bibcode=2016NuEnT..48..893S
|hdl=1721.1/117025
|hdl-access=free
}}

==External links==
*[https://www.world-nuclear.org/reactor/default.aspx/OBRIGHEIM Performance numbers]
*[https://worldwidescience.org/topicpages/o/obrigheim+reactor.html List of science articles]
*[https://um.baden-wuerttemberg.de/de/umwelt-natur/kernenergie-und-strahlenschutz/aktuelle-informationen/meldepflichtige-ereignisse/uebersicht-meldepflichtigen-ereignisse/?tx_rsmbwmeldeereignisse_pi1%5Bplant%5D=8&cHash=216c34653eefd0d219582dbeeb8d75c5 List of events]

{{DENPPlants}}
{{DENPPlants}}
{{Nuclear fission reactors}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Nuclear reactors]]
[[Category:Former nuclear power stations in Germany]]
[[Category:Former nuclear power stations in Germany]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis]]

Latest revision as of 05:07, 3 December 2024

Obrigheim Nuclear Power Plant
Obrigheim Nuclear Power Plant
Map
Official nameKernkraftwerk Obrigheim
CountryGermany
LocationObrigheim, Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis
Coordinates49°21′52″N 9°04′35″E / 49.36444°N 9.07639°E / 49.36444; 9.07639
StatusDecommissioning
Construction began1965
Commission dateMarch 31, 1969
Decommission dateMay 11, 2005
OwnerEnBW
Operator
  • EnBW Kernkraft GmbH
Nuclear power station
Reactor typePWR
Reactor supplierSiemens-Schuckert
Thermal capacity1050[1]
Power generation
Units decommissioned1 × 357 MW
Nameplate capacity340 MW
Capacity factor82.9%
Annual net output2593 GW·h
External links
WebsiteSite c/o EnBW
CommonsRelated media on Commons
[edit on Wikidata]

Obrigheim Nuclear Power Plant (KWO) is a nuclear power plant currently in the decommissioning phase. The plant is located in Obrigheim, Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis, on the banks of the Neckar and owned by EnBW. It operated a pressurized water reactor unit from 1969 to 2005. The defuelling process was completed in 2007, with spent fuel rods awaiting transport to an interim storage facility. In March 2017, EnBW tested the shipment of numerous castors by a barge on the Neckar to Neckarwestheim Nuclear Power Plant.

History 1959-2005

[edit]

On May 5, 1955, the Federal Republic of Germany, with the French occupation force, started to work in earnest towards peaceful use of nuclear energy. The district of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg were particularly interested in this development. In 1957 the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Kernkraft Stuttgart (AKS) group was created in Baden-Württemberg. The minister-president and minister of the economics of Baden-Württemberg at the time, Hermann Veit took over the project of establishing a nuclear power plant, and looked towards the Calder Hall Gas cooled reactor in England for a design.[citation needed]

In the spring of 1959, AKS chose an unusual reactor design: the organically moderated and cooled reactor (OMR). When the much smaller AEC demonstration facility at Piqua, Ohio suffered severe problems, they switched to a light water reactor in 1962.[2]

The reactor was built with a US license and public funding,[3] and went online in 1969.[4]

During the 2003 European heat wave, Obrigheim was shut down due to high water temperature in the river.[5]

It was permanently shut down in 2005,[4] having produced 90 billion kWh.[6]

Decommissioning, 2005-present

[edit]

Since 2005 the EnBW owned nuclear power in Obrigheim has been in the process of decommissioning; the spent fuel rods have been in wet storage since 2007. The salient barrier is a missing final repository for the 342 highly radioactive fuel rods. Obrigheim had an interim storage facility between 1998 and 2007.[7] For EnBW not to have to build one, the fuel rods needed to be shipped to the Neckarwestheim Nuclear Power Plant, which is about 40 kilometers away and still had space in its temporary storage. EnBW had considered transport by road, by rail and by barge. The former two options did not apply absent a nearby train connection, and road transport is complicated by single-lane roads through a densely populated area, where large-scale barriers would have to be made.[4][8]

Since both nuclear plants were built on the banks of the Neckar, barge transport appeared to be the preferred way in spite of the 23 bridges and six locks it must pass. Even the green environment ministry in Baden-Württemberg saw the waterway as the best solution, but the Bundesministerium für Umwelt had critics. For the first time in Germany´s history, highly radioactive waste was transported on a river.[4]

Protests against the castor transports on the river had been arising. About 650 people followed a call for the "Neckar castorfrei" campaign to protest and march as "a sign before the anniversary of the Fukushima disaster of March 11, 2011".[4]

The remaining waste water was evaporated.[9]

Hardware features

[edit]
The Obrigheim Nuclear Power Plant on the left
View of the nuclear power plant
The nuclear power plant in 1979

The electric power was transported by a single power line to Hüffenhardt substation. The power line carried four circuits, two for 220 kV and two for 110 kV. The circuits for 110  kV were mounted on the lowest of the three crossbars of the pylons, and the circuits for 220 kV on the middle and the upper crossbar of the pylons.[jargon]

An unusual feature of the power line between the pylons is that insulators are mounted between the conductors to prevent short circuits by too close a conductor clearance with strong winds.[according to whom?]

To monitor radioactivity there were two meteorological towers, built as lattice steel masts. One of them was built in 1977/78 between the village of Asbach and Kirstätter Hof at 49 20 30 N and 9 02 47 E. In 2001, the 169 metres tall mast was demolished by explosives. A free-standing mobile phone transmission tower made of prefabricated concrete was built on its site. The other meteorological tower erected in 1962 is 99 metres tall, located close to the power plant, and still in use.[citation needed]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Obrigheim nuclear power plant | Nuclear facilities". www.nuklearesicherheit.de. Archived from the original on 22 September 2020.
  2. ^ Shirvan & Forrest 2016, p. Table 1.
  3. ^ "D.7.7: Case Study Report Nuclear" (PDF). Technische Universität Berlin. February 2019. p. 106. The last demonstration reactor was Obrigheim (340 MWe, 1,050 MWth) con-structed by Siemens (KWU) under US license, Obrigheim was also the last reactor to receive government subsidies, all subsequent orders were wholly utility financed.
  4. ^ a b c d e Angela Hennersdorf (10 March 2017). "Umweltschützer laufen Sturm gegen Atommülltransporte". Wirtschaftswoche.
  5. ^ "Studie Wärmelast Rhein - BUND RLP" (PDF). 19 May 2009. Zeitweise mußte das AKW (Zwangs-) abgeschaltet werden. Die Routinemäßige Jahresprüfung wurde um zehn Tage vorgezogen.
  6. ^ "Kernkraftwerk Obrigheim (KWO) | EnBW". Kernkraftwerk Obrigheim (KWO) (in German). Archived from the original on 9 August 2020.
  7. ^ "State and Development of Nuclear Energy Utilization in the Federal Republic of Germany 2015" (PDF). Department of Nuclear Safety. July 2016. p. 23+38.
  8. ^ Topf, C. (2007). "Full system decontamination at the Obrigheim nuclear power plant prior to decommissioning". Atw. Internationale Zeitschrift für Kernenergie. 52 (11): 727–730. ISSN 1431-5254.
  9. ^ "Obrigheim nuclear power plant – engineering and erection of an electric evaporation system - Kraftanlagen". www.kraftanlagen.com. Archived from the original on 21 September 2020.

Bibliography

[edit]
[edit]
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