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Coordinates: 66°50′N 028°40′E / 66.833°N 28.667°E / 66.833; 28.667
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{{about|the municipality in Finland}}
{{About|the municipality in Finland}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Salla
|name = Salla
| other_name = Kyelijävri
| official_name = {{lang|fi|Sallan kunta}}<br />{{lang|sv|Salla kommun}}
| official_name = {{lang|fi|Sallan kunta}}<br />{{lang|sv|Salla kommun}}
| settlement_type = Municipality
| settlement_type = Municipality
| image_skyline = Salla church.jpg
| image_skyline = Salla Center 8849-Pano-5.jpg
| imagesize = 300px
| image_caption =
| image_caption = Salla church
| image_shield = Salla.vaakuna.svg
| image_shield = Salla.vaakuna.svg
| shield_size = 120x80px
| image_map = Salla.sijainti.suomi.2008.svg
| map_caption = Location of Salla in [[Finland]]
| image_map = Salla sijainti Suomi.svg
| map_caption = Location of Salla in Finland
|coordinates = {{coord|66|50|N|028|40|E|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates = {{coord|66|50|N|028|40|E|region:FI-10_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Finland}}
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Finland}}
Line 17: Line 18:
| subdivision_name1 = [[Lapland (Finland)|Lapland]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Lapland (Finland)|Lapland]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Sub-regions of Finland|Sub-region]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Sub-regions of Finland|Sub-region]]
| subdivision_name2 = Eastern Lapland sub-region
| subdivision_name2 = [[Eastern Lapland]]
| leader_title = Municipal manager
| leader_title = Municipal manager
| leader_name = Kari Väyrynen
| leader_name = Erkki Parkkinen
| established_title = [[Charter]]
| established_title = [[Charter]]
| established_date = 1857
| established_date = 1857
Line 56: Line 57:
|timezone_DST = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]
|timezone_DST = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]
|utc_offset_DST = +03:00
|utc_offset_DST = +03:00
| website = [http://www.salla.fi/ www.salla.fi]
| website = {{Url|https://www.salla.fi/en/}}
}}
}}


'''Salla''' (''Kuolajärvi'' until 1936) is a [[municipalities of Finland|municipality]] of [[Finland]], located in [[Lapland, Finland|Lapland]]. The municipality has a population of {{formatnum:
'''Salla'''({{langx|smn|Kyelijävri}}), known as '''Kuolajärvi''' until 1936, is a [[municipalities of Finland|municipality]] of [[Finland]], located in [[Lapland, Finland|Lapland]]. The municipality has a population of {{formatnum:
{{Data Finland municipality/population count|Salla}}}}
{{Data Finland municipality/population count|Salla}}}}
({{#time: j F Y|{{Data Finland municipality/population count|sourcedate}}
({{#time: j F Y|{{Data Finland municipality/population count|sourcedate}}
Line 65: Line 66:
which {{convert|{{Data Finland municipality/waters area|Salla}}|km2|abbr=on}}
which {{convert|{{Data Finland municipality/waters area|Salla}}|km2|abbr=on}}
is water.<ref name="total_area" /> The [[population density]] is
is water.<ref name="total_area" /> The [[population density]] is
{{convert|{{Data Finland municipality/population density|Salla|round=2}}|PD/km2}}. Neighbour municipalities are [[Kemijärvi]], [[Kuusamo]], [[Pelkosenniemi]], [[Posio]] and [[Savukoski]]. The nearby settlement of [[Sallatunturi]] is home to the Salla Ski Resort.
{{convert|{{Data Finland municipality/population density|Salla|round=2}}|PD/km2}}.


The nearby settlement of [[Sallatunturi]] is home to the Salla Ski Resort.
==History==


==History==
[[File:Finnish areas ceded in 1944.png|thumb|left|upright|Areas ceded to Soviet Union at the end of World War II]]
Salla is in the Eastern Lapland and as a border area was affected by the [[Second World War]]. [[Red Army]] troops invaded Finland at Salla during the [[Winter War]] but were stopped by the [[Finnish Army]] (see [[Battle of Salla (1939)|Battle of Salla]]). Parts of the municipality were ceded to the [[Soviet Union]] after the war. The ceded part is sometimes called "Old Salla" or ''Vanha Salla''. During the [[Continuation War]] the old town of Salla was on the Soviet side of the border. The [[German XXXVI Corps]] attacked the Soviet positions in an operation code-named ''[[Operation Polarfuchs|Polarfuchs]]''. With the help of the [[Finnish 6th Division (Continuation War)|Finnish 6th Division]] it managed to occupy all of the ceded territories. At the end of the war the German troops were pushed out of Lapland by Finnish troops in the [[Lapland War]].
Salla is in the Eastern Lapland and as a border area was affected by the [[Second World War]]. [[Red Army]] troops invaded Finland at Salla during the [[Winter War]] but were stopped by the [[Finnish Army]] (see [[Battle of Salla (1939)|Battle of Salla]]). Parts of the municipality were ceded to the [[Soviet Union]] after the war. The ceded part is sometimes called "Old Salla" or ''Vanha Salla''. During the [[Continuation War]] the old town of Salla was on the Soviet side of the border. The [[German XXXVI Corps]] attacked the Soviet positions in an operation code-named ''[[Operation Polarfuchs|Polarfuchs]]''. With the help of the [[Finnish 6th Division (Continuation War)|Finnish 6th Division]] it managed to occupy all of the ceded territories. At the end of the war the German troops were pushed out of Lapland by Finnish troops in the [[Lapland War]].


The following villages were ceded to the Soviet Union: [[Alakurtti (rural locality)|Alakurtti]], Korja (Korya), Kuolajärvi ([[Kuoloyarvi]]), Lampela, Sallansuu, Yläkurtti (Yulyakurtti), Sovajärvi (Sovayarvi), Tuutijärvi (Tuutiyarvi) and Vuorijärvi (Vuoriyarvi).
The following villages were ceded to the Soviet Union: [[Alakurtti (rural locality)|Alakurtti]], Korja (Korya), Kuolajärvi ([[Kuoloyarvi]]), Lampela, Sallansuu, Yläkurtti (Yulyakurtti), Sovajärvi (Sovayarvi), Tuutijärvi (Tuutiyarvi) and Vuorijärvi (Vuoriyarvi).


In January 2021, the mayor of Salla, Erkki Parkkinen, launched a bid to host the [[2032 Summer Olympic Games]] to raise awareness of climate change and highlight the threat the climate crisis poses to Salla and its ecosystem, which is dependent on low temperatures for most of the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/arctic-town-launches-summer-olympics-bid-climate/|title=Arctic Town Launches Genius Bid for 2032 Summer Olympics to Raise Awareness of Climate Change|access-date=4 February 2021}}</ref>
==Communications==


==Transportation==
Salla is the terminus of a freight-only [[Rail transport in Finland|railway line]] from [[Kemijärvi]]. In 2006, the [[Finnish Rail Administration]] announced proposals to close the line.<ref name="kotimaki.com">[http://www.kotimaki.com/rautatie/news/v2006.htm Finnish Railway News – Year 2006]</ref> The line formerly extended beyond Salla into Russia.


Salla is the terminus of a freight-only [[Rail transport in Finland|railway line]] from [[Kemijärvi]]. In 2006, the [[Finnish Rail Administration]] announced proposals to close the line.<ref name="kotimaki.com">[http://www.kotimaki.com/rautatie/news/v2006.htm Finnish Railway News – Year 2006]</ref> The railway formerly extended beyond Salla into Russia, but has never carried international traffic.
==Climate==

== Geography ==
Neighbour municipalities are [[Kemijärvi]], [[Kuusamo]], [[Pelkosenniemi]], [[Posio]] and [[Savukoski]].

===Climate===
Salla has a [[subarctic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Dfc]]). Summer days are mild with about 1/3 of all days experiencing precipitation with nights tending to be cool. Winters are very long, cold, snowy, and extremely cloudy, lasting from the beginning of October through April, with mid-winter thaws being rare, and cold snaps relatively common. Spring and Autumn tend to be cool, not very variable, and short, lasting only a couple weeks to a few weeks in length.

The low temperature record of Salla is -50&nbsp;°C (-58&nbsp;°F), which was recorded in Naruska in 1985. It was also the record of Finland until 1999. On 28 January 1999, the unofficial record of Finland, -54,3&nbsp;°C (-65,7&nbsp;°F), was recorded in Naruska.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iltalehti.fi/uutiset/a/2016012820989350|title=Suomen virallisesta pakkasennätyksestä 17 vuotta - sallalaiset tuohtuivat "väärästä" ennätyksestä}}</ref>
{{Weather box
{{Weather box
|location = Salla Kk (1981–2010)
|location = Salla (1991&ndash;2020 normals, records 1961&ndash;present)
|metric first = Yes
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C= 5.5
|Jan record high C = 6.3
|Feb record high C= 5.5
|Feb record high C = 6.2
|Mar record high C= 9.7
|Mar record high C = 9.7
|Apr record high C= 17.5
|Apr record high C = 17.5
|May record high C= 26.4
|May record high C = 28.0
|Jun record high C= 30.3
|Jun record high C = 30.3
|Jul record high C= 31.5
|Jul record high C = 31.5
|Aug record high C= 28.7
|Aug record high C = 31.0
|Sep record high C= 20.9
|Sep record high C = 22.9
|Oct record high C= 14.0
|Oct record high C = 14.5
|Nov record high C= 8.2
|Nov record high C = 8.4
|Dec record high C= 4.9
|Dec record high C = 4.9
|year record high C= 31.5
|Jan avg record high C = 1.0
|Jan high C = -9.1
|Feb avg record high C = 1.3
|Feb high C = -8.1
|Mar avg record high C = 4.8
|Mar high C = -2.7
|Apr avg record high C = 11.5
|Apr high C = 3.4
|May avg record high C = 20.6
|May high C = 10.1
|Jun avg record high C = 24.9
|Jun high C = 16.3
|Jul avg record high C = 26.3
|Jul high C = 19.2
|Aug avg record high C = 24.2
|Aug high C = 15.9
|Sep avg record high C = 18.0
|Sep high C = 10.0
|Oct avg record high C = 9.5
|Nov avg record high C = 4.0
|Dec avg record high C = 2.0
|year avg record high C = 27.3
|Jan high C = -8.0
|Feb high C = -7.5
|Mar high C = -2.1
|Apr high C = 3.8
|May high C = 10.4
|Jun high C = 16.6
|Jul high C = 19.7
|Aug high C = 16.8
|Sep high C = 10.8
|Oct high C = 2.8
|Oct high C = 2.8
|Nov high C = -3.5
|Nov high C = -2.5
|Dec high C = -7.2
|Dec high C = -5.6
|year high C = 3.9
|year high C =
|Jan mean C = -13.1
|Jan mean C = -12.0
|Feb mean C = -12.2
|Feb mean C = -11.6
|Mar mean C = -7.2
|Mar mean C = -6.9
|Apr mean C = -1.1
|Apr mean C = -0.7
|May mean C = 5.3
|May mean C = 5.7
|Jun mean C = 11.4
|Jun mean C = 11.7
|Jul mean C = 14.3
|Jul mean C = 14.8
|Aug mean C = 11.3
|Aug mean C = 12.1
|Sep mean C = 6.1
|Sep mean C = 6.9
|Oct mean C = 0.2
|Oct mean C = 0.3
|Nov mean C = -6.5
|Nov mean C = -5.3
|Dec mean C = -11.0
|Dec mean C = -9.1
|year mean C = -0.2
|year mean C =
|Jan low C = -18.0
|Jan low C = -16.7
|Feb low C = -17.4
|Feb low C = -16.5
|Mar low C = -12.6
|Mar low C = -12.6
|Apr low C = -6.3
|Apr low C = -5.8
|May low C = 0.4
|May low C = 0.7
|Jun low C = 6.0
|Jun low C = 6.3
|Jul low C = 9.2
|Jul low C = 9.5
|Aug low C = 6.7
|Aug low C = 7.2
|Sep low C = 2.4
|Sep low C = 2.9
|Oct low C = -2.7
|Oct low C = -2.6
|Nov low C = -10.0
|Nov low C = -8.5
|Dec low C = -15.4
|Dec low C = -13.1
|year low C = -4.8
|year low C =
|Jan record low C= -45.3
|Jan avg record low C = -32.9
|Feb record low C= -40.6
|Feb avg record low C = -32.4
|Mar record low C= -36.5
|Mar avg record low C = -28.4
|Apr record low C= -27.4
|Apr avg record low C = -19.8
|May record low C= -16.5
|May avg record low C = -7.1
|Jun record low C= -4.3
|Jun avg record low C = -0.9
|Jul record low C= -1.5
|Jul avg record low C = 1.8
|Aug record low C= -5.5
|Aug avg record low C = -1.3
|Sep record low C= -12.6
|Sep avg record low C = -5.5
|Oct record low C= -26.2
|Oct avg record low C = -15.7
|Nov record low C= -35.8
|Nov avg record low C = -23.0
|Dec record low C= -40.2
|Dec avg record low C = -28.9
|year record low C= -45.3
|year avg record low C = -35.6
|Jan record low C = -45.3
|unit rain days= 1.0&nbsp;mm
|Feb record low C = -46.3
|Jan precipitation mm = 35
|Mar record low C = -38.2
|Feb precipitation mm = 30
|Apr record low C = -30.8
|Mar precipitation mm = 32
|May record low C = -19.2
|Apr precipitation mm = 28
|Jun record low C = -6.7
|May precipitation mm = 46
|Jul record low C = -1.5
|Jun precipitation mm = 57
|Aug record low C = -6.5
|Sep record low C = -15.2
|Oct record low C = -29.7
|Nov record low C = -36.6
|Dec record low C = -40.2
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 37
|Feb precipitation mm = 31
|Mar precipitation mm = 31
|Apr precipitation mm = 30
|May precipitation mm = 41
|Jun precipitation mm = 61
|Jul precipitation mm = 77
|Jul precipitation mm = 77
|Aug precipitation mm = 65
|Aug precipitation mm = 59
|Sep precipitation mm = 50
|Sep precipitation mm = 54
|Oct precipitation mm = 48
|Oct precipitation mm = 50
|Nov precipitation mm = 39
|Nov precipitation mm = 40
|Dec precipitation mm = 37
|Dec precipitation mm = 39
|year precipitation mm= 544
|year precipitation mm=
|Jan precipitation days = 10
|unit precipitation days= 0.1&nbsp;mm
|Feb precipitation days = 9
|Jan precipitation days = 20
|Mar precipitation days = 9
|Feb precipitation days = 17
|Apr precipitation days = 7
|Mar precipitation days = 16
|May precipitation days = 9
|Apr precipitation days = 14
|Jun precipitation days = 10
|May precipitation days = 15
|Jul precipitation days = 11
|Jun precipitation days = 16
|Aug precipitation days = 11
|Jul precipitation days = 17
|Sep precipitation days = 9
|Aug precipitation days = 16
|Oct precipitation days = 10
|Sep precipitation days = 16
|Nov precipitation days = 11
|Oct precipitation days = 18
|Dec precipitation days = 11
|Nov precipitation days = 21
|year precipitation days= 117
|Dec precipitation days = 20
|year precipitation days=
|Jan humidity= 86
|Feb humidity= 85
|Jan humidity= 87
|Mar humidity= 81
|Feb humidity= 86
|Apr humidity= 72
|Mar humidity= 80
|May humidity= 69
|Apr humidity= 73
|Jun humidity= 67
|May humidity= 68
|Jul humidity= 73
|Jun humidity= 68
|Jul humidity= 74
|Aug humidity= 80
|Aug humidity= 80
|Sep humidity= 85
|Sep humidity= 85
|Oct humidity= 88
|Oct humidity= 90
|Nov humidity= 90
|Nov humidity= 92
|Dec humidity= 87
|Dec humidity= 89
|year humidity= 80
|year humidity=
|source 1 = FMI climatological normals for Finland 1991&ndash;2020<ref name="FMI">{{cite web |title=FMI normals 1991-2020 |url=https://www.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/ilmastollinen-vertailukausi |access-date=12 April 2023|publisher=fmi.fi|language=fi}}</ref>
|source 1 = Finnish Meteorological Institute<ref name = FMI>{{cite web
|source 2 = record highs and lows{{efn|Extreme values from 1961-1999, at Salla kk weather station;<ref name=61-99extremes>{{cite web
| url = https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/35880/Tilastoja_Suomen_ilmastosta_1981_2010.pdf?sequence=4
| url = https://kilotavu.com/asema-taulukko.php?asema=101951
| title = Climate data for Finland locations
| title = FMI open data
| publisher = FMI
| publisher = FMI
| access-date = 26 April 2016}}</ref> Extreme values from 1999-present, at Salla kirkonkylä weather station<ref name=99-presentextremes>{{cite web
| accessdate = 30 May 2016}}</ref>
| url = https://kilotavu.com/asema-taulukko.php?asema=101959
|date= May 2016}}
| title = FMI open data
| publisher = FMI
| access-date = 26 April 2016}}</ref>}}}}

{{Weather box
|location = Salla Naruska (1991-2020 normals, extremes 1991–present)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|collapsed = Yes
|Jan record high C = 6.2
|Feb record high C = 5.5
|Mar record high C = 9.0
|Apr record high C = 16.8
|May record high C = 28.2
|Jun record high C = 31.3
|Jul record high C = 30.5
|Aug record high C = 30.4
|Sep record high C = 23.0
|Oct record high C = 14.3
|Nov record high C = 7.9
|Dec record high C = 6.2
|Jan high C = -8.4
|Feb high C = -7.8
|Mar high C = -2.2
|Apr high C = 3.5
|May high C = 10.1
|Jun high C = 16.5
|Jul high C = 19.5
|Aug high C = 16.9
|Sep high C = 10.8
|Oct high C = 2.5
|Nov high C = -2.7
|Dec high C = -5.9
|year high C = 4.4
|Jan mean C = -13.1
|Feb mean C = -12.9
|Mar mean C = -8.2
|Apr mean C = -1.7
|May mean C = 4.8
|Jun mean C = 11.0
|Jul mean C = 13.9
|Aug mean C = 11.1
|Sep mean C = 6.2
|Oct mean C = -0.3
|Nov mean C = -5.9
|Dec mean C = -9.9
|year mean C = -0.4
|Jan low C = -18.5
|Feb low C = -18.3
|Mar low C = -14.8
|Apr low C = -7.5
|May low C = -0.4
|Jun low C = 4.9
|Jul low C = 7.9
|Aug low C = 5.7
|Sep low C = 1.4
|Oct low C = -3.4
|Nov low C = -9.3
|Dec low C = -14.4
|year low C = -5.6
|Jan record low C = -41.4
|Feb record low C = -41.8
|Mar record low C = -37.2
|Apr record low C = -31.8
|May record low C = -14.1
|Jun record low C = -4.7
|Jul record low C = -2.1
|Aug record low C = -5.4
|Sep record low C = -10.1
|Oct record low C = -27.6
|Nov record low C = -35.1
|Dec record low C = -38.8
|year record low C = -41.8
|source 1 = https://www.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/1991-2020-lampotilatilastot
|source 2 = https://kilotavu.com/fmi-tilastot.php?taulukkomoodi=true
}}

{{Weather box
|location = Salla Värriötunturi (elevation 360m (1181 ft), 1991-2020 normals, extremes 1974–present)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|collapsed = Yes
|Jan record high C = 4.0
|Feb record high C = 4.2
|Mar record high C = 7.4
|Apr record high C = 15.5
|May record high C = 25.8
|Jun record high C = 28.8
|Jul record high C = 30.0
|Aug record high C = 30.3
|Sep record high C = 21.7
|Oct record high C = 12.5
|Nov record high C = 6.7
|Dec record high C = 4.5
|year record high C = 30.3
|Jan high C = -8.2
|Feb high C = -8.1
|Mar high C = -3.7
|Apr high C = 1.9
|May high C = 7.9
|Jun high C = 14.6
|Jul high C = 18.0
|Aug high C = 15.1
|Sep high C = 9.1
|Oct high C = 1.3
|Nov high C = -3.5
|Dec high C = -5.9
|year high C = 3.2
|Jan mean C = -10.8
|Feb mean C = -10.7
|Mar mean C = -6.7
|Apr mean C = -1.5
|May mean C = 4.0
|Jun mean C = 10.1
|Jul mean C = 13.6
|Aug mean C = 11.2
|Sep mean C = 6.1
|Oct mean C = -0.7
|Nov mean C = -5.6
|Dec mean C = -8.3
|year mean C = 0.1
|Jan low C = -13.7
|Feb low C = -13.5
|Mar low C = -9.8
|Apr low C = -4.9
|May low C = 0.5
|Jun low C = 6.0
|Jul low C = 9.7
|Aug low C = 7.9
|Sep low C = 3.5
|Oct low C = -2.6
|Nov low C = -7.9
|Dec low C = -10.9
|year low C = -3.0
|Jan record low C = -38.3
|Feb record low C = -31.1
|Mar record low C = -26.5
|Apr record low C = -19.0
|May record low C = -13.4
|Jun record low C = -3.9
|Jul record low C = -0.1
|Aug record low C = -2.9
|Sep record low C = -7.3
|Oct record low C = -18.5
|Nov record low C = -27.6
|Dec record low C = -31.1
|year record low C = -38.3
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 37
|Feb precipitation mm = 32
|Mar precipitation mm = 34
|Apr precipitation mm = 38
|May precipitation mm = 52
|Jun precipitation mm = 72
|Jul precipitation mm = 78
|Aug precipitation mm = 67
|Sep precipitation mm = 58
|Oct precipitation mm = 59
|Nov precipitation mm = 40
|Dec precipitation mm = 40
|year precipitation mm = 607
|unit precipitation days= 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 22
|Feb precipitation days = 19
|Mar precipitation days = 18
|Apr precipitation days = 16
|May precipitation days = 16
|Jun precipitation days = 15
|Jul precipitation days = 18
|Aug precipitation days = 16
|Sep precipitation days = 16
|Oct precipitation days = 20
|Nov precipitation days = 22
|Dec precipitation days = 22
|year precipitation days = 220
|source 1 = https://www.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/1991-2020-lampotilatilastot
|source 2 = https://kilotavu.com/asema-taulukko.php?asema=102012
}}
====Note====
{{notelist}}


==Historical places==
==Historical places==
[[File:Salpalinja aholanvaara1.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Salpa Line]] anti-tank obstacles in [[Aholanvaara]].]]


{| border="1" class="wikitable"
{| border="1" class="wikitable"
Line 200: Line 418:
! Name !! Place !! Description !! [[World Geodetic System|WGS 84]]
! Name !! Place !! Description !! [[World Geodetic System|WGS 84]]
|-
|-
| The evangelic-Lutheran church of Salla || || ||
| Evangelic-Lutheran church of Salla || || ||
|-
|-
| The [[Paikanselkä memorial area]] || [[Paikanselkä]] || The [[Winter War]] front line 13 March 1940, when war ended. Located where the commander of the Swedish voluntary troops, lieutenant colonel [[Magnus Dyrssen]] fell on 1 March 1940.<ref>http://loma.salla.fi/fi/eramaa/kayntikohteet-_nahtavyydet/sotamuistomerkit_ja_kohteet/</ref> ||
| [[Paikanselkä memorial area]] || [[Paikanselkä]] || The [[Winter War]] front line 13 March 1940, when war ended. Located where the commander of the [[Swedish Volunteer Corps]], lieutenant colonel [[Magnus Dyrssen]] was killed on 1 March 1940.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://loma.salla.fi/fi/eramaa/kayntikohteet-_nahtavyydet/sotamuistomerkit_ja_kohteet/ |title=Sotamuistomerkit ja kohteet {{!}} Nähtävyydet & Käyntikohteet {{!}} Salla |website=loma.salla.fi |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221135910/http://loma.salla.fi/fi/eramaa/kayntikohteet-_nahtavyydet/sotamuistomerkit_ja_kohteet/ |archive-date=2014-02-21}} </ref> ||
|-
|-
| The [[Salpa Line]] || || ||
| [[Salpa Line]] || || Defense line on the eastern border of Finland ||
|}
|}


== In popular culture ==
==Gallery==

<gallery>
Salla was referenced in the song ''66°50’N, 28°40’E'' by Finnish [[death-doom]] band [[Swallow the Sun]] on their 2015 triple album ''Songs From the North I, II and III''.
Image:Salpalinja aholanvaara1.jpg|The [[Salpa Line]] anti-tank obstacles in [[Aholanvaara]]
File:Salpalinja aholanvaara2.jpg|The Salpa Line anti-tank obstacles in Aholanvaara
File:Finnish areas ceded in 1944.png | Areas ceded to Soviet Union at the end of World War II
</gallery>


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
{{commons category-inline|Salla}}
*{{commons category-inline|Salla}}
* [http://www.salla.fi/ Municipality of Salla] – Official website
* [https://www.salla.fi/en/ Municipality of Salla] – Official website


{{Geographic location
| Centre = Salla
| N = {{Flagicon|RUS}} {{Ill|Verkhnetulomsky Urban-type Settlement|lt=Verkhnetulomsky|ru|Городское поселение Верхнетуломский}}
| E = {{Flagicon|RUS}} {{Ill|Alakurttinsky Territorial Okrug|lt=Alakurtti|ru|Сельское поселение Алакуртти}}
| SE = {{Flagicon|RUS}} {{Ill|Kestengskoye|ru|Кестеньгское сельское поселение}}
| S = [[Kuusamo]] ([[North Ostrobothnia]])
| SW = [[Posio]]
| W = [[Pelkosenniemi]]<br/>[[Kemijärvi]]
| NW = [[Savukoski]]
}}
{{Lapland}}
{{Lapland}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Salla| ]]
[[Category:Salla| ]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1857]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1857]]
[[Category:Finland–Russia border crossings]]
[[Category:Finland–Russia border crossings]]
[[Category:1857 establishments in the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Municipalities of Lapland (Finland)]]
[[Category:1857 establishments in Finland]]

Latest revision as of 06:20, 3 December 2024

This article is about the municipality in Finland. For other uses, see Salla (disambiguation).

Salla
Kyelijävri
Municipality
Sallan kunta
Salla kommun
Coat of arms of Salla
Coat of arms
Location of Salla in Finland
Location of Salla in Finland
Coordinates: 66°50′N 028°40′E / 66.833°N 28.667°E / 66.833; 28.667
Country Finland
RegionLapland
Sub-regionEastern Lapland
Charter1857
Government
 • Municipal managerErkki Parkkinen
Area
 (2018-01-01)[1]
 • Total
5,873.08 km2 (2,267.61 sq mi)
 • Land5,729.81 km2 (2,212.29 sq mi)
 • Water142.73 km2 (55.11 sq mi)
 • Rank7th largest in Finland
Population
 (2024-10-31)[2]
 • Total
3,285
 • Rank207th largest in Finland
 • Density0.57/km2 (1.5/sq mi)
Population by native language
[3]
 • Finnish96% (official)
 • Swedish0.3%
 • Sami0.1%
 • Others3.6%
Population by age
[4]
 • 0 to 148.7%
 • 15 to 6452%
 • 65 or older39.3%
Time zoneUTC+02:00 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+03:00 (EEST)
Websitewww.salla.fi/en/

Salla(Inari Sami: Kyelijävri), known as Kuolajärvi until 1936, is a municipality of Finland, located in Lapland. The municipality has a population of 3,285 (31 October 2024)[2] and covers an area of 5,873.08 square kilometres (2,267.61 sq mi) of which 142.73 km2 (55.11 sq mi) is water.[1] The population density is 0.57 inhabitants per square kilometre (1.5/sq mi).

The nearby settlement of Sallatunturi is home to the Salla Ski Resort.

History

[edit]
Areas ceded to Soviet Union at the end of World War II

Salla is in the Eastern Lapland and as a border area was affected by the Second World War. Red Army troops invaded Finland at Salla during the Winter War but were stopped by the Finnish Army (see Battle of Salla). Parts of the municipality were ceded to the Soviet Union after the war. The ceded part is sometimes called "Old Salla" or Vanha Salla. During the Continuation War the old town of Salla was on the Soviet side of the border. The German XXXVI Corps attacked the Soviet positions in an operation code-named Polarfuchs. With the help of the Finnish 6th Division it managed to occupy all of the ceded territories. At the end of the war the German troops were pushed out of Lapland by Finnish troops in the Lapland War.

The following villages were ceded to the Soviet Union: Alakurtti, Korja (Korya), Kuolajärvi (Kuoloyarvi), Lampela, Sallansuu, Yläkurtti (Yulyakurtti), Sovajärvi (Sovayarvi), Tuutijärvi (Tuutiyarvi) and Vuorijärvi (Vuoriyarvi).

In January 2021, the mayor of Salla, Erkki Parkkinen, launched a bid to host the 2032 Summer Olympic Games to raise awareness of climate change and highlight the threat the climate crisis poses to Salla and its ecosystem, which is dependent on low temperatures for most of the year.[6]

Transportation

[edit]

Salla is the terminus of a freight-only railway line from Kemijärvi. In 2006, the Finnish Rail Administration announced proposals to close the line.[7] The railway formerly extended beyond Salla into Russia, but has never carried international traffic.

Geography

[edit]

Neighbour municipalities are Kemijärvi, Kuusamo, Pelkosenniemi, Posio and Savukoski.

Climate

[edit]

Salla has a subarctic climate (Dfc). Summer days are mild with about 1/3 of all days experiencing precipitation with nights tending to be cool. Winters are very long, cold, snowy, and extremely cloudy, lasting from the beginning of October through April, with mid-winter thaws being rare, and cold snaps relatively common. Spring and Autumn tend to be cool, not very variable, and short, lasting only a couple weeks to a few weeks in length.

The low temperature record of Salla is -50 °C (-58 °F), which was recorded in Naruska in 1985. It was also the record of Finland until 1999. On 28 January 1999, the unofficial record of Finland, -54,3 °C (-65,7 °F), was recorded in Naruska.[8]

Climate data for Salla (1991–2020 normals, records 1961–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 6.3
(43.3) 		6.2
(43.2) 		9.7
(49.5) 		17.5
(63.5) 		28.0
(82.4) 		30.3
(86.5) 		31.5
(88.7) 		31.0
(87.8) 		22.9
(73.2) 		14.5
(58.1) 		8.4
(47.1) 		4.9
(40.8) 		31.5
(88.7)
Mean maximum °C (°F) 1.0
(33.8) 		1.3
(34.3) 		4.8
(40.6) 		11.5
(52.7) 		20.6
(69.1) 		24.9
(76.8) 		26.3
(79.3) 		24.2
(75.6) 		18.0
(64.4) 		9.5
(49.1) 		4.0
(39.2) 		2.0
(35.6) 		27.3
(81.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −8.0
(17.6) 		−7.5
(18.5) 		−2.1
(28.2) 		3.8
(38.8) 		10.4
(50.7) 		16.6
(61.9) 		19.7
(67.5) 		16.8
(62.2) 		10.8
(51.4) 		2.8
(37.0) 		−2.5
(27.5) 		−5.6
(21.9) 		4.6
(40.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) −12.0
(10.4) 		−11.6
(11.1) 		−6.9
(19.6) 		−0.7
(30.7) 		5.7
(42.3) 		11.7
(53.1) 		14.8
(58.6) 		12.1
(53.8) 		6.9
(44.4) 		0.3
(32.5) 		−5.3
(22.5) 		−9.1
(15.6) 		0.5
(32.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −16.7
(1.9) 		−16.5
(2.3) 		−12.6
(9.3) 		−5.8
(21.6) 		0.7
(33.3) 		6.3
(43.3) 		9.5
(49.1) 		7.2
(45.0) 		2.9
(37.2) 		−2.6
(27.3) 		−8.5
(16.7) 		−13.1
(8.4) 		−4.1
(24.6)
Mean minimum °C (°F) −32.9
(−27.2) 		−32.4
(−26.3) 		−28.4
(−19.1) 		−19.8
(−3.6) 		−7.1
(19.2) 		−0.9
(30.4) 		1.8
(35.2) 		−1.3
(29.7) 		−5.5
(22.1) 		−15.7
(3.7) 		−23.0
(−9.4) 		−28.9
(−20.0) 		−35.6
(−32.1)
Record low °C (°F) −45.3
(−49.5) 		−46.3
(−51.3) 		−38.2
(−36.8) 		−30.8
(−23.4) 		−19.2
(−2.6) 		−6.7
(19.9) 		−1.5
(29.3) 		−6.5
(20.3) 		−15.2
(4.6) 		−29.7
(−21.5) 		−36.6
(−33.9) 		−40.2
(−40.4) 		−46.3
(−51.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 37
(1.5) 		31
(1.2) 		31
(1.2) 		30
(1.2) 		41
(1.6) 		61
(2.4) 		77
(3.0) 		59
(2.3) 		54
(2.1) 		50
(2.0) 		40
(1.6) 		39
(1.5) 		550
(21.6)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 20 17 16 14 15 16 17 16 16 18 21 20 206
Average relative humidity (%) 87 86 80 73 68 68 74 80 85 90 92 89 81
Source 1: FMI climatological normals for Finland 1991–2020[9]
Source 2: record highs and lows[a]
Climate data for Salla Naruska (1991-2020 normals, extremes 1991–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 6.2
(43.2) 		5.5
(41.9) 		9.0
(48.2) 		16.8
(62.2) 		28.2
(82.8) 		31.3
(88.3) 		30.5
(86.9) 		30.4
(86.7) 		23.0
(73.4) 		14.3
(57.7) 		7.9
(46.2) 		6.2
(43.2) 		31.3
(88.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −8.4
(16.9) 		−7.8
(18.0) 		−2.2
(28.0) 		3.5
(38.3) 		10.1
(50.2) 		16.5
(61.7) 		19.5
(67.1) 		16.9
(62.4) 		10.8
(51.4) 		2.5
(36.5) 		−2.7
(27.1) 		−5.9
(21.4) 		4.4
(39.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) −13.1
(8.4) 		−12.9
(8.8) 		−8.2
(17.2) 		−1.7
(28.9) 		4.8
(40.6) 		11.0
(51.8) 		13.9
(57.0) 		11.1
(52.0) 		6.2
(43.2) 		−0.3
(31.5) 		−5.9
(21.4) 		−9.9
(14.2) 		−0.4
(31.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −18.5
(−1.3) 		−18.3
(−0.9) 		−14.8
(5.4) 		−7.5
(18.5) 		−0.4
(31.3) 		4.9
(40.8) 		7.9
(46.2) 		5.7
(42.3) 		1.4
(34.5) 		−3.4
(25.9) 		−9.3
(15.3) 		−14.4
(6.1) 		−5.6
(21.9)
Record low °C (°F) −41.4
(−42.5) 		−41.8
(−43.2) 		−37.2
(−35.0) 		−31.8
(−25.2) 		−14.1
(6.6) 		−4.7
(23.5) 		−2.1
(28.2) 		−5.4
(22.3) 		−10.1
(13.8) 		−27.6
(−17.7) 		−35.1
(−31.2) 		−38.8
(−37.8) 		−41.8
(−43.2)
Source 1: https://www.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/1991-2020-lampotilatilastot
Source 2: https://kilotavu.com/fmi-tilastot.php?taulukkomoodi=true
Climate data for Salla Värriötunturi (elevation 360m (1181 ft), 1991-2020 normals, extremes 1974–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 4.0
(39.2) 		4.2
(39.6) 		7.4
(45.3) 		15.5
(59.9) 		25.8
(78.4) 		28.8
(83.8) 		30.0
(86.0) 		30.3
(86.5) 		21.7
(71.1) 		12.5
(54.5) 		6.7
(44.1) 		4.5
(40.1) 		30.3
(86.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −8.2
(17.2) 		−8.1
(17.4) 		−3.7
(25.3) 		1.9
(35.4) 		7.9
(46.2) 		14.6
(58.3) 		18.0
(64.4) 		15.1
(59.2) 		9.1
(48.4) 		1.3
(34.3) 		−3.5
(25.7) 		−5.9
(21.4) 		3.2
(37.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) −10.8
(12.6) 		−10.7
(12.7) 		−6.7
(19.9) 		−1.5
(29.3) 		4.0
(39.2) 		10.1
(50.2) 		13.6
(56.5) 		11.2
(52.2) 		6.1
(43.0) 		−0.7
(30.7) 		−5.6
(21.9) 		−8.3
(17.1) 		0.1
(32.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −13.7
(7.3) 		−13.5
(7.7) 		−9.8
(14.4) 		−4.9
(23.2) 		0.5
(32.9) 		6.0
(42.8) 		9.7
(49.5) 		7.9
(46.2) 		3.5
(38.3) 		−2.6
(27.3) 		−7.9
(17.8) 		−10.9
(12.4) 		−3.0
(26.6)
Record low °C (°F) −38.3
(−36.9) 		−31.1
(−24.0) 		−26.5
(−15.7) 		−19.0
(−2.2) 		−13.4
(7.9) 		−3.9
(25.0) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		−2.9
(26.8) 		−7.3
(18.9) 		−18.5
(−1.3) 		−27.6
(−17.7) 		−31.1
(−24.0) 		−38.3
(−36.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 37
(1.5) 		32
(1.3) 		34
(1.3) 		38
(1.5) 		52
(2.0) 		72
(2.8) 		78
(3.1) 		67
(2.6) 		58
(2.3) 		59
(2.3) 		40
(1.6) 		40
(1.6) 		607
(23.9)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 22 19 18 16 16 15 18 16 16 20 22 22 220
Source 1: https://www.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/1991-2020-lampotilatilastot
Source 2: https://kilotavu.com/asema-taulukko.php?asema=102012

Note

[edit]
  1. ^ Extreme values from 1961-1999, at Salla kk weather station;[10] Extreme values from 1999-present, at Salla kirkonkylä weather station[11]

Historical places

[edit]
The Salpa Line anti-tank obstacles in Aholanvaara.
Name Place Description WGS 84
Evangelic-Lutheran church of Salla
Paikanselkä memorial area Paikanselkä The Winter War front line 13 March 1940, when war ended. Located where the commander of the Swedish Volunteer Corps, lieutenant colonel Magnus Dyrssen was killed on 1 March 1940.[12]
Salpa Line Defense line on the eastern border of Finland
[edit]

Salla was referenced in the song 66°50’N, 28°40’E by Finnish death-doom band Swallow the Sun on their 2015 triple album Songs From the North I, II and III.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Area of Finnish Municipalities 1.1.2018" (PDF). National Land Survey of Finland. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  2. ^ a b "Finland's preliminary population figure was 5,635,560 at the end of October 2024". Population structure. Statistics Finland. 19 November 2024. ISSN 1797-5395. Retrieved 22 November 2024.
  3. ^ "Population growth biggest in nearly 70 years". Population structure. Statistics Finland. 26 April 2024. ISSN 1797-5395. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
  4. ^ "Population according to age (1-year) and sex by area and the regional division of each statistical reference year, 2003–2020". StatFin. Statistics Finland. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
  5. ^ a b "Luettelo kuntien ja seurakuntien tuloveroprosenteista vuonna 2023". Tax Administration of Finland. 14 November 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  6. ^ "Arctic Town Launches Genius Bid for 2032 Summer Olympics to Raise Awareness of Climate Change". Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  7. ^ Finnish Railway News – Year 2006
  8. ^ "Suomen virallisesta pakkasennätyksestä 17 vuotta - sallalaiset tuohtuivat "väärästä" ennätyksestä".
  9. ^ "FMI normals 1991-2020" (in Finnish). fmi.fi. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  10. ^ "FMI open data". FMI. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
  11. ^ "FMI open data". FMI. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
  12. ^ "Sotamuistomerkit ja kohteet | Nähtävyydet & Käyntikohteet | Salla". loma.salla.fi. Archived from the original on 21 February 2014.
[edit]
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