Jump to content

Francis Borgia: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
→External links: cut back on external links
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
 
(9 intermediate revisions by 6 users not shown)
Line 29: Line 29:
}}
}}


'''Francis Borgia''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=[[Society of Jesus|SJ]]}} ({{lang-ca-valencia|Francesc de Borja}}; {{lang-es|Francisco de Borja}}; 28 October 1510 – 30 September 1572) was a Spanish [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] priest. The great-grandson of [[Pope Alexander VI]], he was [[Duke of Gandía]] and a [[grandee of Spain]]. After the death of his wife, Borgia renounced his titles and became a [[Priesthood in the Catholic Church|priest]] in the Society of Jesus, later serving as its third [[Superior General of the Society of Jesus|superior general]]. He was [[canonized]] on 20 June 1670 by [[Pope Clement X]].
'''Francis Borgia''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=[[Society of Jesus|SJ]]}} ({{langx|ca-valencia|Francesc de Borja}}; {{langx|es|Francisco de Borja}}; 28 October 1510 – 30 September 1572) was a Spanish [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] priest. The great-grandson of both [[Pope Alexander VI]] and King [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]], he was [[Duke of Gandía]] and a [[grandee of Spain]]. After the death of his wife, Borgia renounced his titles and became a [[Priesthood in the Catholic Church|priest]] in the Society of Jesus, later serving as its third [[Superior General of the Society of Jesus|superior general]]. He was [[canonized]] on 20 June 1670 by [[Pope Clement X]].


==Early life==
==Early life==
He was born in the Duchy of Gandía in [[Valencian Community|the Kingdom of Valencia]] (part of [[Crown of Aragon]]), on 28 October 1510. His father was Juan Borgia, 3rd [[Duke of Gandía]], the son of [[Giovanni Borgia, 2nd Duke of Gandía|Giovanni Borgia]], the son of [[Pope Alexander VI]] (Rodrigo Borgia). His mother was Juana, daughter of [[Alonso de Aragón]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zaragoza|Archbishop of Zaragoza]], who, in turn, was the illegitimate son of King [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]].<ref name="suau">{{Cite web |url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06213a.htm |title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Francis Borgia |website=www.newadvent.org |access-date=2017-07-15}}</ref> His brother, [[Tomás de Borja y Castro]], also entered the Church, becoming [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Málaga|Bishop of Málaga]], and later Archbishop of Zaragoza.
He was born in the Duchy of Gandía in [[Valencian Community|the Kingdom of Valencia]] (part of [[Crown of Aragon]]), on 28 October 1510. His father was [[Juan Borgia, 3rd Duke of Gandía|Juan Borgia]], 3rd [[Duke of Gandía]], the son of [[Giovanni Borgia, 2nd Duke of Gandía|Giovanni Borgia]], the son of [[Pope Alexander VI]] (Rodrigo Borgia). His mother was Juana, daughter of [[Alonso de Aragón]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zaragoza|Archbishop of Zaragoza]], who, in turn, was the illegitimate son of King [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]].<ref name="suau">{{Cite web |url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06213a.htm |title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Francis Borgia |website=www.newadvent.org |access-date=2017-07-15}}</ref> His brother, [[Tomás de Borja y Castro]], also entered the Church, becoming [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Málaga|Bishop of Málaga]], and later Archbishop of Zaragoza.


As a child he was very pious and wished to become a monk, but his family sent him instead to serve in the court of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]] (who was also [[King Charles I of Spain]]), where he was welcomed warmly.<ref name=suau/> He excelled there, accompanying the Emperor on several campaigns.
As a child he was very pious and wished to become a monk, but his family sent him instead to serve in the court of his second uncle [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]] (who was also [[King Charles I of Spain]]), where he was welcomed warmly.<ref name=suau/> He excelled there, accompanying the Emperor on several campaigns.


==Adult life and career==
==Adult life and career==
In [[Madrid]] in the month of September 1529, he married a Portuguese noblewoman, [[Leonor de Castro Mello y Meneses]]. They had eight children: Carlos in 1530, Isabel in 1532, Juan in 1533, Álvaro circa 1535, Juana also circa 1535, Fernando in 1537, Dorotea in 1538, and Alfonso in 1539. Charles V appointed him Marquess of Lombay, master of the hounds, and equerry to the empress.<ref name=suau/>
In [[Madrid]] in the month of September 1529, he married a Portuguese noblewoman, [[Leonor de Castro Mello y Meneses]]. They had eight children: Carlos in 1530, Isabel in 1532, Juan in 1533, Álvaro circa 1535, Juana also circa 1535, Fernando in 1537, Dorotea in 1538, and Alfonso in 1539.{{cn|date=February 2024}}


In 1539, he convoyed the corpse of [[Isabella of Portugal (1503-1539)|Isabella of Portugal]], [[Philip II of Spain]]'s mother, to her burial place in [[Granada]]. In that same year (1539), he became [[Viceroy of Catalonia]], replacing [[Fadrique de Portugal y Noroña]], though he was only 29.
Upon Borgia's marriage, Charles V appointed him Marquess of Lombay, master of the hounds, and equerry to the empress.<ref name=suau/> In 1539, he convoyed the corpse of [[Isabella of Portugal (1503-1539)|Isabella of Portugal]], [[Philip II of Spain]]'s mother, to her burial place in [[Granada]]. In that same year, he became [[Viceroy of Catalonia]], replacing [[Fadrique de Portugal y Noroña]].


During this period of his life, Borgia composed [[liturgical music]], which the 1913 [[Catholic Encyclopedia]] praises for its [[contrapuntal]] style.<ref name=suau/>
In these earlier years of his life he enjoyed composing musical ecclesiastical pieces. In these pieces he displayed a remarkable contrapuntal style, justifying the assertion that, "In the sixteenth century and prior to Palestrina, Borgia was one of the chief restorers of sacred music."<ref name=suau/>


In 1543 upon the death of his father, the 3rd Duke, Francis became the 4th [[Duke of Gandía]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Francis-Borgia|title=Saint Francis Borgia {{!}} Jesuit superior general|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-08-24|language=en}}</ref> His diplomatic abilities came into question after his failed attempt at arranging a marriage between Prince Philip of Spain and the Princess of Portugal, thus ending a hope of bringing these two countries together, and resulting in his retirement as duke, handing his title to his son, Carlos.<ref name="Wisconsin">{{Cite web|url=http://saintfrancisborgia.org/about-us/patron-saint-2/|title=Patron Saint {{!}} St. Francis Borgia Catholic Church|website=saintfrancisborgia.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-07-15}}</ref> By then 33 years old, he had retired to his native place and devoted himself to religious activities.
In 1543, Borgia's father died, and Borgia accordingly became the 4th [[Duke of Gandía]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Francis-Borgia|title=Saint Francis Borgia {{!}} Jesuit superior general|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-08-24|language=en}}</ref> His diplomatic abilities came into question after his failed attempt at arranging a marriage between Prince Philip of Spain and the Princess of Portugal, thus ending a hope of bringing these two countries together, and resulting in his retirement as duke, handing his title to his son, Carlos.<ref name="Wisconsin">{{Cite web|url=http://saintfrancisborgia.org/about-us/patron-saint-2/|title=Patron Saint {{!}} St. Francis Borgia Catholic Church|website=saintfrancisborgia.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-07-15}}</ref> Borgia, now 33, retired to his native place and devoted himself to religious activities.


==Jesuit priest==
==Jesuit priest==
[[File:L'Illumination de Saint François Borgia-Pietro Muttoni della Vecchia mg 8227.jpg|thumb|''Francis Borgia at Isabella of Portugal's coffin'' by [[Pietro della Vecchia]]]]
[[File:L'Illumination de Saint François Borgia-Pietro Muttoni della Vecchia mg 8227.jpg|thumb|''Francis Borgia at Isabella of Portugal's coffin'' by [[Pietro della Vecchia]]]]
After the 1546 death of his wife Eleanor, Francis Borgia decided to enter the newly formed [[Society of Jesus]]. He put his affairs in order, renouncing his titles in favour of his eldest son Carlos de Borja-Aragon y de Castro-Melo, and entered the order by 1550. On 25 May 1551, Borgia was ordained a Jesuit priest.<ref name="chi" />
In 1546 his wife Eleanor died, and Francis then decided to enter the newly formed [[Society of Jesus]], after making adequate provisions for his children. He put his affairs in order circa 1551, renounced his titles in favour of his eldest son Carlos de Borja-Aragon y de Castro-Melo, and became a Jesuit priest. He helped in the establishment of what is now the Gregorian University in Rome.<ref name=foley>[http://www.americancatholic.org/Features/Saints/saint.aspx?id=1530 Foley O.F.M., Leonard. ''Saint of the Day, Lives, Lessons, and Feast'', (revised by Pat McCloskey O.F.M.) Franciscan Media] {{ISBN|978-0-86716-887-7}}</ref> Upon Francis’ return from a journey to Peru, Pope Julius III made known his intention to make him a cardinal.<ref name=Wisconsin/> To prevent this, Borgia decided, in agreement with St. [[Ignatius of Loyola|Ignatius]], to leave the city secretly and go to the [[Basque Country (greater region)|Basque Country]], where it was thought he would be safe from the papal desires.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.manresa-sj.org/stamps/1_Borgia.htm|title=Francis Borgia, SJ|website=www.manresa-sj.org|language=en|access-date=2018-08-21}}</ref> He felt incompletion to spend time in seclusion and prayer, but his administrative talents also made him a natural for other tasks. In time his friends persuaded him to accept the leadership role that nature and circumstances had destined him for: in 1554, he became the Jesuit commissary-general in Spain,<ref name=chi>[http://www.saintfrancisborgiachicago.com/Aboutus/ParishPatronSaint.aspx "Our Parish Patron Saint - St. Francis Borgia", St. Francis Borgia Catholic Church, Chicago, Illinois] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413150017/http://www.saintfrancisborgiachicago.com/Aboutus/ParishPatronSaint.aspx |date=2013-04-13 }}</ref> where he founded a dozen colleges.<ref name=foley/> After only two years, St. Francis was crowned for missions in the East and West Indies.<ref name=Wisconsin/> In 1565, he was elected the third "Father General" or [[Superior General of the Society of Jesus]], after the death in January 1565 of [[Diego Laynez]], ([[Almazán]], Spain, 1512 – January 1565).


Borgia helped in the establishment of what is now the Gregorian University in Rome.<ref name="foley">{{cite web |title=Saint Francis Borgia |url=http://www.americancatholic.org/Features/Saints/saint.aspx?id=1530 |website=Franciscan Media |access-date=9 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109040557/http://www.franciscanmedia.org/saint-of-the-day/saint-francis-borgia |archive-date=9 November 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Upon Borgia's return from a journey to Peru, Pope Julius III made known his intention to make him a cardinal.<ref name=Wisconsin/> To prevent this, Borgia decided, in agreement with [[Ignatius of Loyola]], to leave the city secretly and go to the [[Basque Country (greater region)|Basque Country]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.manresa-sj.org/stamps/1_Borgia.htm|title=Francis Borgia, SJ|website=www.manresa-sj.org|language=en|access-date=2018-08-21}}</ref>
His successes during the period 1565–1572 made historians to describe Francis as the greatest General after [[Ignatius of Loyola|Saint Ignatius]]. He founded the ''Collegium Romanum'', which was to become the [[Gregorian University]], advised kings and popes, and closely supervised all the affairs of the mushrooming order. Yet, despite being the supreme, Francis led a humble life and was acclaimed in his own lifetime as a saint.


In 1554, Borgia became the Jesuit commissary-general in Spain,<ref name="chi">{{cite web |title=Parish Patron Saint |url=http://www.saintfrancisborgiachicago.com/Aboutus/ParishPatronSaint.aspx |website=St. Francis Borgia Catholic Church |access-date=9 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629124850/https://www.saintfrancisborgiachicago.com/Aboutus/ParishPatronSaint.aspx |archive-date=29 June 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> where he founded a dozen colleges.<ref name=foley/> After the death in January 1565 of [[Diego Laynez]], Borgia was elected the third [[Superior General of the Society of Jesus]].
Francis Borgia died in 1572.<ref name=foley/>

Borgia went on to found the [[Gregorian University|''Collegium Romanum'']] and closely supervised all the affairs of the rapidly growing order until his death in 1572.<ref name=foley/>


==Death and legacy==
==Death and legacy==
[[File:St. Francis Borgia Helping a Dying Impenitent by Goya.jpg|thumb|''Saint Francis Borgia Helping a Dying Impenitent'', painted by [[Francisco Goya]]]]
[[File:St. Francis Borgia Helping a Dying Impenitent by Goya.jpg|thumb|''Saint Francis Borgia Helping a Dying Impenitent'', painted by [[Francisco Goya]]]]


Francis Borgia died on 30 September 1572, in Rome. His mortal remains were repatriated to Spain in 1617 and kept from 1627 at the Jesuit professed house in [[Madrid]] that was newly built for that purpose north of [[Plaza Mayor, Madrid|Plaza Mayor]] on a donation from [[Francisco Gómez de Sandoval y Rojas, 1st Duke of Lerma]].<ref>{{citation|website=Catholic Encyclopedia|url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06213a.htm|title=St. Francis Borgia|author=Pierre Suau|date=1909}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|website=Jesuitas Madrid|url=https://jesuitas.es/es/actualidad/548-la-primera-casa-profesa-de-madrid|title=La primera Casa Profesa de Madrid|date=14 May 2019|author=Martín Corral Estrada}}</ref> On 30 July 1901, the silver urn contained the relics was transferred to the church of the Sacred Church and San Francis Borgia on calle de la Flor Baja, part of a new Jesuit residence (later professed house from 1911) established thanks to a donation from {{ill|Manuel Álvarez de Toledo|es}}.<ref>{{cite web|website=Jesuitas Madrid|url=https://jesuitas.es/es/actualidad/550-la-segunda-casa-profesa-de-madrid|title=La segunda Casa Profesa de Madrid|date=17 June 2019|author=Martín Corral Estrada}}</ref> After that church was destroyed by arson in 1931, some of his ashes were recovered and eventually reinterred in the new Jesuit complex on [[calle de Serrano]].<ref>{{cite web|website=ABC Madrid|title=San Francisco de Borja: una parroquia con vocación universal|url=https://www.abc.es/espana/madrid/abci-san-francisco-borja-parroquia-vocacion-universal-201712300135_noticia.html|date=30 December 2017|author=José Francisco Serrano Oceja}}</ref>
Francis Borgia died on 30 September 1572, in Rome. His body was repatriated to Spain in 1617; [[Francisco Gómez de Sandoval y Rojas, 1st Duke of Lerma]] financed the construction of a Jesuit professed house in [[Madrid]] north of [[Plaza Mayor, Madrid|Plaza Mayor]] where the body might be kept, and it was relocated there in 1627.<ref>{{citation|website=Catholic Encyclopedia|url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06213a.htm|title=St. Francis Borgia|author=Pierre Suau|date=1909}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|website=Jesuitas Madrid|url=https://jesuitas.es/es/actualidad/548-la-primera-casa-profesa-de-madrid|title=La primera Casa Profesa de Madrid|date=14 May 2019|author=Martín Corral Estrada}}</ref>


On 30 July 1901, the silver urn containing Borgia's relics was transferred to a church on Flor Baja street, which was dedicated to Sacred Heart and San Francis Borgia. This church was part of a new Jesuit residence established thanks to a donation from {{ill|Manuel Álvarez de Toledo|es}}, and in 1911 the residence became a professed house.<ref>{{cite web|website=Jesuitas Madrid|url=https://jesuitas.es/es/actualidad/550-la-segunda-casa-profesa-de-madrid|title=La segunda Casa Profesa de Madrid|date=17 June 2019|author=Martín Corral Estrada}}</ref> After that church was destroyed by arson in 1931, some of Borgia's ashes were recovered and eventually reinterred in the new Jesuit complex on [[calle de Serrano]].<ref>{{cite web|website=ABC Madrid|title=San Francisco de Borja: una parroquia con vocación universal|url=https://www.abc.es/espana/madrid/abci-san-francisco-borja-parroquia-vocacion-universal-201712300135_noticia.html|date=30 December 2017|author=José Francisco Serrano Oceja}}</ref>
⚫
Francis Borgia was [[beatified]] in [[Madrid]] on 23 November 1624, by [[Pope Urban VIII]]. He was [[canonized]] nearly 35 years later on 20 June 1670,<ref name=chi/> by [[Pope Clement X]]. His liturgical feast was inserted into the [[General Roman Calendar]] in 1688 for celebration on 10 October,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=643|title=St. Francis Borgia - Saints & Angels - Catholic Online|website=Catholic Online|language=en|access-date=2017-07-15}}</ref> the date then free from other celebrations that was closest to that of his death.


⚫
Francis Borgia was [[beatified]] in [[Madrid]] on 23 November 1624, by [[Pope Urban VIII]]. He was [[canonized]] nearly 35 years later on 20 June 1670,<ref name=chi/> by [[Pope Clement X]]. His liturgical feast was inserted into the [[General Roman Calendar]] in 1688 for celebration on 10 October.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=643|title=St. Francis Borgia - Saints & Angels - Catholic Online|website=Catholic Online|language=en|access-date=2017-07-15}}</ref>
Parishes are dedicated to St. Francis Borgia in Chicago, Illinois,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stfrancisborgiachicago.com/|title=Saint Francis Borgia Catholic Church|website=stfrancisborgiachicago.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-07-15}}</ref> [[Sturgis, Kentucky]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stfrancisborgiasturgis.org/|title=St. Francis Borgia|website=St. Francis Borgia|access-date=2017-07-15}}</ref> [[Washington, Missouri]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sfbparish.org/|title=Saint Francis Borgia|website=Saint Francis Borgia|access-date=2017-07-15}}</ref> [[Blair, Nebraska]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stfrancisborgia.org/index.php|title=St. Francis Borgia Catholic Church {{!}} Blair, NE|website=stfrancisborgia.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-07-15|archive-date=2013-01-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130110042146/http://www.stfrancisborgia.org/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Cedarburg, Wisconsin]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.saintfrancisborgia.org|title=St. Francis Borgia Catholic Church|website=www.saintfrancisborgia.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-07-15}}</ref> Also in the village of [[Isio]] in the town of [[Cauayan, Negros Occidental]], Philippines. The Jesuit-founded city of [[São Borja]], in southern [[Brazil]], is named after him.


Parishes are dedicated to Francis Borgia in locations including:
⚫
[[St. Francis Borgia Regional High School]] is located in [[Washington, Missouri]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.borgia.com/|title=St. Francis Borgia Regional High School {{!}} Catholic College Preparatory High School in Washington, MO|website=www.borgia.com|access-date=2017-07-15}}</ref>
* Chicago, Illinois<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stfrancisborgiachicago.com/|title=Saint Francis Borgia Catholic Church|website=stfrancisborgiachicago.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-07-15}}</ref>
* [[Sturgis, Kentucky]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stfrancisborgiasturgis.org/|title=St. Francis Borgia|website=St. Francis Borgia|access-date=2017-07-15}}</ref>
* [[Washington, Missouri]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sfbparish.org/|title=Saint Francis Borgia|website=Saint Francis Borgia|access-date=2017-07-15}}</ref>
* [[Blair, Nebraska]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stfrancisborgia.org/index.php|title=St. Francis Borgia Catholic Church {{!}} Blair, NE|website=stfrancisborgia.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-07-15|archive-date=2013-01-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130110042146/http://www.stfrancisborgia.org/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Cedarburg, Wisconsin]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.saintfrancisborgia.org|title=St. Francis Borgia Catholic Church|website=www.saintfrancisborgia.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-07-15}}</ref>
* [[Isio]], [[Cauayan, Negros Occidental]], Philippines{{cn|date=February 2024}}

⚫
The Jesuit-founded city of [[São Borja]], in southern [[Brazil]], is named after Francis Borgia.{{cn|date=February 2024}} [[St. Francis Borgia Regional High School]] is located in [[Washington, Missouri]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.borgia.com/|title=St. Francis Borgia Regional High School {{!}} Catholic College Preparatory High School in Washington, MO|website=www.borgia.com|access-date=2017-07-15}}</ref> [[Marc-Antoine Charpentier]] composed ''Motet pour St François de Borgia'' (H.354, for 1 voice, 2 treble instruments, and continuo) in his honor in the late 1680s.{{cn|date=February 2024}}


== Issue ==
== Issue ==
Line 107: Line 117:
|15= 15. Catalina López de Gurrea
|15= 15. Catalina López de Gurrea
}}
}}

== Music ==
[[Marc-Antoine Charpentier]], ''Motet pour St François de Borgia'', H.354, for 1 voice, 2 treble instruments, and continuo (? late 1680s)


== See also ==
== See also ==
Line 134: Line 141:
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20161005143019/http://www.traditioninaction.org/SOD/j095sdFrancisBorgia_10-10.htm Tradition in Action - Saint of the Day: ''St. Francis Borgia'']
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20161005143019/http://www.traditioninaction.org/SOD/j095sdFrancisBorgia_10-10.htm Tradition in Action - Saint of the Day: ''St. Francis Borgia'']
* {{in lang|es}} [http://sites.google.com/site/diarioborjaborgia/Home Diario Borja - Borgia]
* {{in lang|es}} [http://sites.google.com/site/diarioborjaborgia/Home Diario Borja - Borgia]
* {{in lang|es}} [http://www.euskalnet.net/laviana/gen_hispanas/borja_borgia.htm Borja o Borgia]
* {{in lang|es}} [http://www.euskalnet.net/laviana/gen_hispanas/borja_borgia.htm Borja o Borgia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222053209/http://www.euskalnet.net/laviana/gen_hispanas/borja_borgia.htm |date=2019-12-22 }}
* {{in lang|es}} [http://www.oliver-rost.homepage.t-online.de/HistoriaGenealogica.txt Francisco Fernández de Bethencourt - Historia Genealógica y Heráldica Española, Casa Real y Grandes de España, tomo cuarto] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401085740/http://www.oliver-rost.homepage.t-online.de/HistoriaGenealogica.txt |date=2019-04-01 }}
* {{in lang|es}} [http://www.oliver-rost.homepage.t-online.de/HistoriaGenealogica.txt Francisco Fernández de Bethencourt - Historia Genealógica y Heráldica Española, Casa Real y Grandes de España, tomo cuarto] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401085740/http://www.oliver-rost.homepage.t-online.de/HistoriaGenealogica.txt |date=2019-04-01 }}
* {{in lang|es}} [http://www.ramhg.es/index.php/boletin/boletin Una rama subsistente del linaje Borja en América española, por Jaime de Salazar y Acha, Académico de Número de la Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y Genealogía]
* {{in lang|es}} [http://www.ramhg.es/index.php/boletin/boletin Una rama subsistente del linaje Borja en América española, por Jaime de Salazar y Acha, Académico de Número de la Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y Genealogía]

Latest revision as of 09:10, 3 December 2024

For other uses, see Francisco de Borja (disambiguation).
Saint

Francis Borgia

SJ
Painting by Alonso Cano, 1624
Duke of Gandía
Confessor
Priest
Born28 October 1510
Duchy of Gandia, Kingdom of Valencia, Spain
Died30 September 1572 (aged 61)
Rome, Papal States
Venerated inCatholic Church
Beatified23 November 1624, Madrid, Kingdom of Spain by Pope Urban VIII
Canonized20 June 1670, Rome by Pope Clement X
Major shrineRelics translated to the Jesuit church in Madrid, 1901
Feast30 September
10 October (1688–1969)
3 October (Jesuits)[1]
AttributesSkull crowned with an emperor's diadem
PatronageAgainst earthquakes; Portugal; Gandía; Rota, Marianas

Francis Borgia SJ (Valencian: Francesc de Borja; Spanish: Francisco de Borja; 28 October 1510 – 30 September 1572) was a Spanish Jesuit priest. The great-grandson of both Pope Alexander VI and King Ferdinand II of Aragon, he was Duke of Gandía and a grandee of Spain. After the death of his wife, Borgia renounced his titles and became a priest in the Society of Jesus, later serving as its third superior general. He was canonized on 20 June 1670 by Pope Clement X.

Early life

[edit]

He was born in the Duchy of Gandía in the Kingdom of Valencia (part of Crown of Aragon), on 28 October 1510. His father was Juan Borgia, 3rd Duke of Gandía, the son of Giovanni Borgia, the son of Pope Alexander VI (Rodrigo Borgia). His mother was Juana, daughter of Alonso de Aragón, Archbishop of Zaragoza, who, in turn, was the illegitimate son of King Ferdinand II of Aragon.[2] His brother, Tomás de Borja y Castro, also entered the Church, becoming Bishop of Málaga, and later Archbishop of Zaragoza.

As a child he was very pious and wished to become a monk, but his family sent him instead to serve in the court of his second uncle Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (who was also King Charles I of Spain), where he was welcomed warmly.[2] He excelled there, accompanying the Emperor on several campaigns.

Adult life and career

[edit]

In Madrid in the month of September 1529, he married a Portuguese noblewoman, Leonor de Castro Mello y Meneses. They had eight children: Carlos in 1530, Isabel in 1532, Juan in 1533, Álvaro circa 1535, Juana also circa 1535, Fernando in 1537, Dorotea in 1538, and Alfonso in 1539.[citation needed]

Upon Borgia's marriage, Charles V appointed him Marquess of Lombay, master of the hounds, and equerry to the empress.[2] In 1539, he convoyed the corpse of Isabella of Portugal, Philip II of Spain's mother, to her burial place in Granada. In that same year, he became Viceroy of Catalonia, replacing Fadrique de Portugal y Noroña.

During this period of his life, Borgia composed liturgical music, which the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia praises for its contrapuntal style.[2]

In 1543, Borgia's father died, and Borgia accordingly became the 4th Duke of Gandía.[3] His diplomatic abilities came into question after his failed attempt at arranging a marriage between Prince Philip of Spain and the Princess of Portugal, thus ending a hope of bringing these two countries together, and resulting in his retirement as duke, handing his title to his son, Carlos.[4] Borgia, now 33, retired to his native place and devoted himself to religious activities.

Jesuit priest

[edit]
Francis Borgia at Isabella of Portugal's coffin by Pietro della Vecchia

After the 1546 death of his wife Eleanor, Francis Borgia decided to enter the newly formed Society of Jesus. He put his affairs in order, renouncing his titles in favour of his eldest son Carlos de Borja-Aragon y de Castro-Melo, and entered the order by 1550. On 25 May 1551, Borgia was ordained a Jesuit priest.[5]

Borgia helped in the establishment of what is now the Gregorian University in Rome.[6] Upon Borgia's return from a journey to Peru, Pope Julius III made known his intention to make him a cardinal.[4] To prevent this, Borgia decided, in agreement with Ignatius of Loyola, to leave the city secretly and go to the Basque Country.[7]

In 1554, Borgia became the Jesuit commissary-general in Spain,[5] where he founded a dozen colleges.[6] After the death in January 1565 of Diego Laynez, Borgia was elected the third Superior General of the Society of Jesus.

Borgia went on to found the Collegium Romanum and closely supervised all the affairs of the rapidly growing order until his death in 1572.[6]

Death and legacy

[edit]
Saint Francis Borgia Helping a Dying Impenitent, painted by Francisco Goya

Francis Borgia died on 30 September 1572, in Rome. His body was repatriated to Spain in 1617; Francisco Gómez de Sandoval y Rojas, 1st Duke of Lerma financed the construction of a Jesuit professed house in Madrid north of Plaza Mayor where the body might be kept, and it was relocated there in 1627.[8][9]

On 30 July 1901, the silver urn containing Borgia's relics was transferred to a church on Flor Baja street, which was dedicated to Sacred Heart and San Francis Borgia. This church was part of a new Jesuit residence established thanks to a donation from Manuel Álvarez de Toledo [es], and in 1911 the residence became a professed house.[10] After that church was destroyed by arson in 1931, some of Borgia's ashes were recovered and eventually reinterred in the new Jesuit complex on calle de Serrano.[11]

Francis Borgia was beatified in Madrid on 23 November 1624, by Pope Urban VIII. He was canonized nearly 35 years later on 20 June 1670,[5] by Pope Clement X. His liturgical feast was inserted into the General Roman Calendar in 1688 for celebration on 10 October.[12]

Parishes are dedicated to Francis Borgia in locations including:

The Jesuit-founded city of São Borja, in southern Brazil, is named after Francis Borgia.[citation needed] St. Francis Borgia Regional High School is located in Washington, Missouri.[18] Marc-Antoine Charpentier composed Motet pour St François de Borgia (H.354, for 1 voice, 2 treble instruments, and continuo) in his honor in the late 1680s.[citation needed]

Issue

[edit]

By his wife, Leonor de Castro Mello y Meneses, he had eight children, five sons and three daughters:[19]

  • Carlos, 5th Duke de Gandía (1530-1592). In 1548 he married Magdalena de Centelles y Cardona and had four sons and three daughters:
  • Isabel de Borja y Castro (1532-1558). In 1548 she married Francisco Gomez de Sandonal y Rojas and had a son:
  • Juan de Borja y Castro (1533-1606). In 1552 he married Lorenza de Onaz y Loyola, had four daughters and widowed in 1575. He remarried Francisca de Aragon y Barredo and had five sons:
  • Alvar de Borja y Castro (1534-1594). He married his niece Elvira de Enriquez y Borja (daughter of Juana) and had two sons and four daughters.
  • Juana Francisca de Borja y Castro (b. 1536). In 1550 she married Juan de Enriquez y Almansa y Rojas and had a daughter, Elvira de Enriquez y Borja.
  • Ferran de Borja y Castro (b. 1537). He married Violante de Armendia and had a son:
  • Dorotea de Borja y Castro (1538-1552), nun.
  • Alfons de Borja y Castro (b. 1539). In 1567 he married Leonor de Norona, without issue.

Ancestry

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "CatholicSaints.info Saint Francis Borgia". www.catholicsaints.info. Retrieved October 2, 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Francis Borgia". www.newadvent.org. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
  3. ^ "Saint Francis Borgia | Jesuit superior general". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2017-08-24.
  4. ^ a b "Patron Saint | St. Francis Borgia Catholic Church". saintfrancisborgia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
  5. ^ a b c "Parish Patron Saint". St. Francis Borgia Catholic Church. Archived from the original on 29 June 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
  6. ^ a b c "Saint Francis Borgia". Franciscan Media. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
  7. ^ "Francis Borgia, SJ". www.manresa-sj.org. Retrieved 2018-08-21.
  8. ^ Pierre Suau (1909), "St. Francis Borgia", Catholic Encyclopedia
  9. ^ Martín Corral Estrada (14 May 2019). "La primera Casa Profesa de Madrid". Jesuitas Madrid.
  10. ^ Martín Corral Estrada (17 June 2019). "La segunda Casa Profesa de Madrid". Jesuitas Madrid.
  11. ^ José Francisco Serrano Oceja (30 December 2017). "San Francisco de Borja: una parroquia con vocación universal". ABC Madrid.
  12. ^ "St. Francis Borgia - Saints & Angels - Catholic Online". Catholic Online. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
  13. ^ "Saint Francis Borgia Catholic Church". stfrancisborgiachicago.com. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
  14. ^ "St. Francis Borgia". St. Francis Borgia. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
  15. ^ "Saint Francis Borgia". Saint Francis Borgia. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
  16. ^ "St. Francis Borgia Catholic Church | Blair, NE". stfrancisborgia.org. Archived from the original on 2013-01-10. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
  17. ^ "St. Francis Borgia Catholic Church". www.saintfrancisborgia.org. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
  18. ^ "St. Francis Borgia Regional High School | Catholic College Preparatory High School in Washington, MO". www.borgia.com. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
  19. ^ "Diario Borja-Borgia - Gen. 06". sites.google.com. Retrieved 2023-05-08.
  20. ^ "Baltasar de Borja y Velasco". Real Academia de la Historia. Retrieved 2019-03-30.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Candido de Dalmases, Francis Borgia. Grandee of Spain, Jesuit, Saint, Saint-Louis, 1991
  • Candido de Dalmases, El Padre Francisco de Borja, Madrid, 1983.24 pages. Madrid: Editorial Católica, (1983). ISBN, 8422011166, ISBN 978-84-220-1116-3
  • Margaret Yeo, The greatest of the Borgias, New York, 1936, 374 pages
  • Enrique García Hernán, Sanctus Franciscus Borgia: Quartus Gandiae Dux et Societatis Iesu Praepositus Generalis Tertius, 1510-1572 , Volumen 156, Monumenta Borgia Series Volumes 156–157, Monumenta Historica Societatis Iesu (1903) (new edition by Edit. Generalitat Valeciana, 2003)
  • Enrique García Hernán, Francisco de Borja, Grande de España, 1999 reprint by Institució Alfons el Magnànim, (Diputació de Valência), of the 1903 edition, 292 pages, ISBN 84-7822-275-8
  • Francisco de Borja, Santo y Duque de Gandia (1510-2010) by several authors in several subjects, Bromera edit., 2010, ISBN 978-84-9824-634-6
  • Angel Santos Hernandez, Jesuitas y Obispados: la Compañia de Jesús y las dignidades eclesiasticas,(1999), 539 pages,in Spanish, Universidad Pontificia de Comillas edit. ISBN 978-84-89708-48-8, https://books.google.com/books?id=QRzrJ9EPmaIC. a Google book to be found under:
  • María Rosa Urraca Pastor, San Francisco de Borja, Barcelona 1943
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Francis Borgia.
Wikisource has the text of a 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article about Francis Borgia.
Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Superior General of the Society of Jesus
1565–1572 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Francis_Borgia&oldid=1260924314"