Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist): Difference between revisions
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| position = [[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Nepal: Key people and parties |url=https://www.insightonconflict.org/conflicts/nepal/conflict-profile/key-people-and-parties/ |website=Insight on Conflict |publisher=Peace Direct |access-date=11 September 2017 |archive-date=12 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912012338/https://www.insightonconflict.org/conflicts/nepal/conflict-profile/key-people-and-parties/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Healthy turnout, little violence reported in historic poll |url=http://www1.rfi.fr/actuen/articles/100/article_46.asp |website=RFI |access-date=11 September 2017 |language=en |date=April 2008}}</ref> to [[Far-left politics|far-left]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-14 |title=Nepal 2018: the communist search for new political and trade routes |url=https://www.asiamaior.org/the-journal/11-asia-maior-vol-xxix-2018/nepal-2018-the-communist-search-for-new-political-and-trade-routes.html |access-date=2022-12-30 |website=Asia Maior |language=}}</ref> |
| position = [[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Nepal: Key people and parties |url=https://www.insightonconflict.org/conflicts/nepal/conflict-profile/key-people-and-parties/ |website=Insight on Conflict |publisher=Peace Direct |access-date=11 September 2017 |archive-date=12 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912012338/https://www.insightonconflict.org/conflicts/nepal/conflict-profile/key-people-and-parties/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Healthy turnout, little violence reported in historic poll |url=http://www1.rfi.fr/actuen/articles/100/article_46.asp |website=RFI |access-date=11 September 2017 |language=en |date=April 2008}}</ref> to [[Far-left politics|far-left]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-14 |title=Nepal 2018: the communist search for new political and trade routes |url=https://www.asiamaior.org/the-journal/11-asia-maior-vol-xxix-2018/nepal-2018-the-communist-search-for-new-political-and-trade-routes.html |access-date=2022-12-30 |website=Asia Maior |language=}}</ref> |
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| seats1_title = [[Election Commission (Nepal)|ECN]] Status |
| seats1_title = [[Election Commission (Nepal)|ECN]] Status |
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| seats1 = [[List of political parties in Nepal#National parties|National Party]]<br/> |
| seats1 = [[List of political parties in Nepal#National parties|National Party]]<br/>(2nd largest) |
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| seats2_title = [[House of Representatives (Nepal)|House of Representatives]] |
| seats2_title = [[House of Representatives (Nepal)|House of Representatives]] |
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| seats2 = {{composition bar|79|275|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}}}{{Efn|name=SUS|Including 1 suspended member}} |
| seats2 = {{composition bar|79|275|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}}}{{Efn|name=SUS|Including 1 suspended member}} |
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The '''Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)''' ({{ |
The '''Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)''' ({{Langx|ne|नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|translit=nēpāl kamyuniṣṭ pārṭī (ēkīkṛt mārksavādī-lēninavādī)}}; [[Abbreviation|abbr.]] '''CPN (UML)''') is a [[Communism in Nepal|communist]] [[List of political parties in Nepal|political party in Nepal]]. The party emerged as one of the [[major parties]] in Nepal after the end of the [[Panchayat (Nepal)|Panchayat era]]. |
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[[Khadga Prasad Oli]] has been serving as party chairman since the party's ninth general convention in 2014.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=15 July 2014 |title=KP Oli elected UML Chairman — Nepali Headlines,Nepal News, Nepali News, News Nepal |url=http://nepaliheadlines.com/kp-oli-elected-uml-chairman/ |access-date=2017-06-26 |website=nepaliheadlines.com |language=en-US}}</ref> The party currently holds 79 seats in the [[House of Representatives (Nepal)|House of Representatives]], having won 26.95% of the [[party list]] votes in the [[2022 Nepalese general election|2022 general election]] and is the second largest parliamentary group.<ref name=": |
[[Khadga Prasad Oli]] has been serving as party chairman since the party's ninth general convention in 2014.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=15 July 2014 |title=KP Oli elected UML Chairman — Nepali Headlines,Nepal News, Nepali News, News Nepal |url=http://nepaliheadlines.com/kp-oli-elected-uml-chairman/ |access-date=2017-06-26 |website=nepaliheadlines.com |language=en-US}}</ref> The party currently holds 79 seats in the [[House of Representatives (Nepal)|House of Representatives]], having won 26.95% of the [[party list]] votes in the [[2022 Nepalese general election|2022 general election]] and is the second largest parliamentary group.<ref name=":82">{{Cite web |date=2022-12-07 |title=Proportional representation votes counted, 7 parties become national parties - OnlineKhabar English News |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/proportional-representation-votes-nep.html |access-date=2022-12-26 |language=en-GB}}</ref> The party was the major coalition partner in the current [[CPN (Maoist Centre)]] led [[Dahal cabinet, 2022|coalition government]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dahal becomes prime minister again, Oli the new kingmaker |url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2022/12/26/dahal-becomes-prime-minister-again-oli-the-new-kingmaker |access-date=2022-12-26 |website=[[Kathmandu Post]] |language=en}}</ref> until withdrawing its support on 27 February. There have been four [[Prime Minister of Nepal|prime ministers]] from the party while the party has led the government five times. |
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CPN (UML) was the main opposition after the [[1991 Nepalese general election|first election]] following the restoration of [[multi-party democracy]]. The party led a [[minority government]] under [[Man Mohan Adhikari|Manmohan Adhikari]] following the [[1994 Nepalese general election|1994 election]]. The party joined a [[coalition government]] with [[Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)|CPN (Maoist)]] in 2008 in the first elections after the [[2006 Nepalese revolution|end of the monarchy in Nepal]] and led two governments under [[Madhav Kumar Nepal]] and [[Jhala Nath Khanal]] during the term of the [[1st Nepalese Constituent Assembly|1st Constituent Assembly]]. The party also led the first government after the promulgation of the [[Constitution of Nepal|new constitution]] with [[KP Sharma Oli]] serving as prime minister. Oli again served as prime minister following the [[2017 Nepalese general election|2017 election]].{{Communist Parties}} |
CPN (UML) was the main opposition after the [[1991 Nepalese general election|first election]] following the restoration of [[multi-party democracy]]. The party led a [[minority government]] under [[Man Mohan Adhikari|Manmohan Adhikari]] following the [[1994 Nepalese general election|1994 election]]. The party joined a [[coalition government]] with [[Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)|CPN (Maoist)]] in 2008 in the first elections after the [[2006 Nepalese revolution|end of the monarchy in Nepal]] and led two governments under [[Madhav Kumar Nepal]] and [[Jhala Nath Khanal]] during the term of the [[1st Nepalese Constituent Assembly|1st Constituent Assembly]]. The party also led the first government after the promulgation of the [[Constitution of Nepal|new constitution]] with [[KP Sharma Oli]] serving as prime minister. Oli again served as prime minister following the [[2017 Nepalese general election|2017 election]].{{Communist Parties}} |
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The party was formed in January 1991 after the merger of the [[Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) (1986–91)|Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist)]] and the [[Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) (1978)|Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist)]]. The party merged with [[CPN (Maoist Centre)]] to form the [[Nepal Communist Party]] on 17 May 2018 but the new party was dissolved and CPN (UML) was revived by a [[Supreme Court of Nepal|Supreme Court]] decision on 8 March 2021.<ref name=": |
The party was formed in January 1991 after the merger of the [[Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) (1986–91)|Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist)]] and the [[Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) (1978)|Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist)]]. The party merged with [[CPN (Maoist Centre)]] to form the [[Nepal Communist Party]] on 17 May 2018 but the new party was dissolved and CPN (UML) was revived by a [[Supreme Court of Nepal|Supreme Court]] decision on 8 March 2021.<ref name=":622">{{cite web |title=Nepal's 2 major parties merge to form Nepal Communist Party – Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-05/18/c_137187121.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517205814/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-05/18/c_137187121.htm |archive-date=May 17, 2018 |access-date=2020-12-24 |website=www.xinhuanet.com}}</ref><ref name=":63">{{Cite web |title=Election Commission splits Nepal Communist Party |url=https://country.eiu.com/article.aspx?articleid=470808630 |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=country.eiu.com}}</ref> The party claimed to have 855,000 members as of December 2021 making them the largest party in Nepal by membership.<ref name="members">{{Cite news |last=Adhikari |first=Ashok |date=8 December 2021 |title=जनाधार बलियो बनाउँदै दल |trans-title=Parties strengthening base |pages=1 |work=Gorkhapatra |location=Nepal |type= |url=https://beta.gorkhapatraonline.com/viewer?file=https://beta.gorkhapatraonline.com/ArchiveNewsFile/61aff9d050832_gopa_pdf.pdf |access-date=11 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=एमालेमा एक लाख ६१ हजार नयाँ सदस्य |url=https://ekagaj.com/article/party/154592/?fbclid=IwAR38Rk-hv6-dmHB-Ot6l0usvsxLNrwYhcaOM681kRgCtHMyZQH2gebavnlE?v=1 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=ekagaj}}</ref> |
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== History == |
== History == |
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The predecessors of the CPN (UML) were the [[Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) (1986–1991)|CPN (Marxist)]] led by former general secretary the [[Communist Party of Nepal]], [[Man Mohan Adhikari]] and [[Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) (1978)|CPN (Marxist–Leninist)]] led by [[Madan Bhandari]]. CPN (Marxist) was the successor to [[Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal)|CPN (Pushpa Lal)]] which was founded by the founding general secretary of the Communist Party of |
The predecessors of the CPN (UML) were the [[Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) (1986–1991)|CPN (Marxist)]] led by former general secretary the [[Communist Party of Nepal]], [[Man Mohan Adhikari]] and [[Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) (1978)|CPN (Marxist–Leninist)]] led by [[Madan Bhandari]]. CPN (Marxist) was the successor to [[Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal)|CPN (Pushpa Lal)]] which was founded by the founding general secretary of the Communist Party of Nepal, [[Pushpa Lal Shrestha]].<ref>Parajulee, Ramjee P.. ''The Democratic Transition in Nepal''. Rowman & Littlefield, 2000. p. 72</ref> CPN (Marxist–Leninist) had its origins in the [[Jhapa rebellion|1969 Jhapa rebellion]]. The conflict took its inspiration the [[Naxalite movement]] in India and began after land reform programs were introduced by [[Mahendra of Nepal|King Mahendra]] in 1964.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rai |first=Dewan |date=2018-03-30 |title=Oli and the Jhapa Rebellion |url=https://www.recordnepal.com/wire/oli-and-the-jhapa-rebellion/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715132255/https://www.recordnepal.com/oli-and-the-jhapa-rebellion |archive-date=2023-07-15 |access-date=2021-02-25 |website=The Record |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chhetri |first=AG |date=21 May 2004 |title=Remembering Madan Bhandari |url=https://archive.nepalitimes.com/news.php?id=2843 |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=Nepali Times}}</ref> |
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[[File:Man_Mohan_Adhikari.png|left|thumb|160x160px|[[Man Mohan Adhikari]], first party chairman and first UML prime minister (1994–1995).]] |
[[File:Man_Mohan_Adhikari.png|left|thumb|160x160px|[[Man Mohan Adhikari]], first party chairman and first UML prime minister (1994–1995).]] |
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The two parties were constituents of the [[United Left Front (Nepal, 1990)|United Left Front]] which was formed in 1990 to protest against the [[Panchayat (Nepal)|Panchayat system]]. The front along with [[Nepali Congress]] helped restore [[multi party democracy]] in the country after the [[1990 Nepalese revolution|1990 revolution]]. |
The two parties were constituents of the [[United Left Front (Nepal, 1990)|United Left Front]] which was formed in 1990 to protest against the [[Panchayat (Nepal)|Panchayat system]]. The front along with [[Nepali Congress]] helped restore [[multi party democracy]] in the country after the [[1990 Nepalese revolution|1990 revolution]]. On 6 January 1991, ahead of the [[1991 Nepalese general election|1991 general election]], the first parliamentary elections in the country in three decades, the two parties merged to form the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) with Adhikari serving as the party's first chairman.<ref name=":12">{{Cite book |last=Lansford |first=Tom |url=https://archive.org/details/politicalhandboo0000unse_f0m6 |title=Political handbook of the world 2015 |date=2015-03-24 |publisher=[[CQ Press]] |isbn=9781483371580 |oclc=912321323 |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last1=Verma |first1=Anand Swaroop |last2=Navlakha |first2=Gautam |date=2007 |title=People's War in Nepal: Genesis and Development |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4419604 |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=42 |issue=20 |pages=1839–1843 |issn=0012-9976 |jstor=4419604}}</ref> |
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=== Post-Jana Andolan (1991–2002) === |
=== Post-Jana Andolan (1991–2002) === |
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In the 1991 election, the party won 69 out of 205 seats in the [[2nd House of Representatives of Nepal|House of Representatives]] and was the second largest parliamentary group.<ref name=":02" /> Man Mohan Adhikari was elected as the parliamentary party leader and became the Leader of the Opposition. The fifth party congress was held in Kathmandu in January 1993 and [[People's Multiparty Democracy]] was adopted as the party line.<ref name=":52">{{cite web |title=कम्युनिस्ट आन्दोलनको समीक्षा |url=https://ekantipur.com/opinion/2020/09/24/160091429505296024.html |access-date=2020-12-29 |website=ekantipur.com |language=ne}}</ref> The congress also elected Adhikari as the party chairman and [[Madan Bhandari]] as the general secretary.<ref name=":33">{{Cite journal |last=Sapkota |first=Dhakaram |date=December 2016 |title=Samakālīna nētāharusam̐ga manamōhana ādhikārīkō sambandha |script-title=ne:समकालीन नेताहरुसँग मनमोहन आधिकारीको सम्बन्ध |trans-title=Manmohan Adhikari's relationship with contemporary leaders |url=https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/TUJ/article/view/25567/21363 |journal=Tribhuvan University Journal |language=ne |volume=XXX |number=2}}</ref> Later in the year however, Bhandari along with [[Jibaraj Ashrit]] died in a vehicle accident in Chitwan and [[Madhav Kumar Nepal]] became general secretary.<ref name=":12" /> In November 1993, veteran communist leader [[Tulsi Lal Amatya]]'s [[Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya)|group]] merged in the party.<ref name=":33" /> |
In the 1991 election, the party won 69 out of 205 seats in the [[2nd House of Representatives of Nepal|House of Representatives]] and was the second largest parliamentary group.<ref name=":02" /> Man Mohan Adhikari was elected as the parliamentary party leader and became the Leader of the Opposition. The fifth party congress was held in Kathmandu in January 1993 and [[People's Multiparty Democracy]] was adopted as the party line.<ref name=":52">{{cite web |title=कम्युनिस्ट आन्दोलनको समीक्षा |url=https://ekantipur.com/opinion/2020/09/24/160091429505296024.html |access-date=2020-12-29 |website=ekantipur.com |language=ne}}</ref> The congress also elected Adhikari as the party chairman and [[Madan Bhandari]] as the general secretary.<ref name=":33">{{Cite journal |last=Sapkota |first=Dhakaram |date=December 2016 |title=Samakālīna nētāharusam̐ga manamōhana ādhikārīkō sambandha |script-title=ne:समकालीन नेताहरुसँग मनमोहन आधिकारीको सम्बन्ध |trans-title=Manmohan Adhikari's relationship with contemporary leaders |url=https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/TUJ/article/view/25567/21363 |journal=Tribhuvan University Journal |language=ne |volume=XXX |number=2}}</ref> Later in the year however, Bhandari along with [[Jibaraj Ashrit]] died in a vehicle accident in Chitwan and [[Madhav Kumar Nepal]] became general secretary.<ref name=":12" /> In November 1993, veteran communist leader [[Tulsi Lal Amatya]]'s [[Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya)|group]] merged in the party.<ref name=":33" /> |
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Following the [[1994 Nepalese general election|1994 election]], the party became the largest parliamentary group winning 88 out of 205 seats and formed the first CPN (UML) government. Man Mohan Adhikari became [[Prime Minister of Nepal|prime minister]] and formed a minority government with the support of [[Rastriya Prajatantra Party]] and [[Nepal Sadbhawana Party|Nepal Sadbhwana Party]] which lasted for nine months. Adhikari recommended dissolving the [[3rd House of Representatives of Nepal|House of Representatives]], and called for new elections after losing the support of his coalition partners, but the move was dismissed by the [[Supreme Court of Nepal|Supreme Court]] after a legal challenge by [[Nepali Congress]].<ref>Whelpton, John, ''A History of Nepal'', Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. 192-193.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=This dissolution and those dissolutions: Looking for parallels to |
Following the [[1994 Nepalese general election|1994 election]], the party became the largest parliamentary group winning 88 out of 205 seats and formed the first CPN (UML) government. Man Mohan Adhikari became [[Prime Minister of Nepal|prime minister]] and formed a minority government with the support of [[Rastriya Prajatantra Party]] and [[Nepal Sadbhawana Party|Nepal Sadbhwana Party]] which lasted for nine months. Adhikari recommended dissolving the [[3rd House of Representatives of Nepal|House of Representatives]], and called for new elections after losing the support of his coalition partners, but the move was dismissed by the [[Supreme Court of Nepal|Supreme Court]] after a legal challenge by [[Nepali Congress]].<ref>Whelpton, John, ''A History of Nepal'', Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. 192-193.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=This dissolution and those dissolutions: Looking for parallels to Oli's move in history |url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2020/12/21/this-dissolution-and-those-dissolutions-looking-for-parallels-to-oli-s-move-in-history |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=[[Kathmandu Post]] |language=en}}</ref> In 1997 the party supported the minority government of [[Rastriya Prajatantra Party]] which lasted for seven months. Following disagreements about the [[Mahakali treaty]], the party faced a split in March 1998. [[Bam Dev Gautam]] reconstituted the [[Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) (1998)|CPN (Marxist–Leninist)]] with 46 MPs from the party. In December 1998, the party supported the [[Nepali Congress]]–[[Nepal Sadbhawana Party]] government which was created to hold the 1999 election.<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":02" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Maharjan |first=Pancha N |title=Problems of Democracy in Nepal |url=http://archivenepal.s3.amazonaws.com/digitalhimalaya/collections/journals/ebhr/pdf/EBHR_17_02.pdf |journal=European Bulletin of Himalayan Research |volume=17 |issue=2}}</ref> |
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[[File:Madhav_Kumar_Nepal2.JPG|alt=|thumb|200x200px|[[Madhav Kumar Nepal]], Prime Minister (2009–2011)]] |
[[File:Madhav_Kumar_Nepal2.JPG|alt=|thumb|200x200px|[[Madhav Kumar Nepal]], Prime Minister (2009–2011)]] |
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The Nepali Congress formed a majority government following the [[1999 Nepalese general election|1999 election]] and the CPN (UML) became the main opposition winning 70 seats. Following party chairman Adhikari's death in 1999, general secretary [[Madhav Kumar Nepal]] became the leader of the party. [[Communist Party of Nepal (Burma)|CPN (Burma)]] merged into the party on 28 June 2001 and CPN (Marxist–Leninist) reunified with the party on 15 February 2002.<ref>{{cite web |date=2005-11-05 |title=Verma's party merges with CPN-UML |url=http://www.nepalnews.com.np/archive/2001/june/arc235.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051105224612/http://www.nepalnews.com.np/archive/2001/june/arc235.htm |archive-date=2005-11-05 |access-date=2020-12-29}}</ref> A group led by [[Chandra Prakash Mainali]] opposed the unification and opted to |
The Nepali Congress formed a majority government following the [[1999 Nepalese general election|1999 election]] and the CPN (UML) became the main opposition winning 70 seats. Following party chairman Adhikari's death in 1999, general secretary [[Madhav Kumar Nepal]] became the leader of the party. [[Communist Party of Nepal (Burma)|CPN (Burma)]] merged into the party on 28 June 2001 and CPN (Marxist–Leninist) reunified with the party on 15 February 2002.<ref>{{cite web |date=2005-11-05 |title=Verma's party merges with CPN-UML |url=http://www.nepalnews.com.np/archive/2001/june/arc235.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051105224612/http://www.nepalnews.com.np/archive/2001/june/arc235.htm |archive-date=2005-11-05 |access-date=2020-12-29}}</ref> A group led by [[Chandra Prakash Mainali]] opposed the unification and opted to reconstitute the [[Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) (2002)|party]]. The party held its seventh general convention in February 2003 in Janakpur. Nepal was reelected as the general secretary and the post of party chair which had remained vacant after the death of Adhikari was abolished.<ref name=":12" /> |
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=== Jana Andolan II (2002–2007) === |
=== Jana Andolan II (2002–2007) === |
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The [[4th House of Representatives of Nepal|House of Representatives]] was dismissed by [[King Gyanendra]] on 22 May 2002 on the request of prime minister [[Sher Bahadur Deuba]]. After the Deuba government failed to hold elections and to control the [[Maoist insurgency in Nepal|Maoist insurgency]] he was dismissed by the king in October with the king assuming executive powers to the protest of political parties including CPN (UML).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Krämer |first=Karl-Heinz |date=2003 |title=Nepal in 2002: Emergency and Resurrection of Royal Power |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/as.2003.43.1.208 |journal=Asian Survey |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=208–214 |doi=10.1525/as.2003.43.1.208 |issn=0004-4687}}</ref> In June 2003, general secretary Nepal was proposed as prime minister by the protesting parties but this was ignored by the king and [[Surya Bahadur Thapa|Surya Bahdur Thapa]] was appointed instead.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Krämer |first=Karl-Heinz |date=2004 |title=NEPAL IN 2003: Another Failed Chance for Peace |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/as.2004.44.1.43 |journal=Asian Survey |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=43–48 |doi=10.1525/as.2004.44.1.43 |issn=0004-4687}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 October 2003 |title="We are the people." |url=https://archive.nepalitimes.com/news.php?id=4891 |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=Nepali Times}}</ref> After Thapa's resignation in May 2004, Deuba was reappointed as the prime minister. CPN (UML) also joined the cabinet with [[Bharat Mohan Adhikari]] serving as deputy prime minister.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hutt |first=Michael |date=2005 |title=Nepal and Bhutan in 2004: Two Kings, Two Futures |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/as.2005.45.1.83 |journal=Asian Survey |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=83–87 |doi=10.1525/as.2005.45.1.83 |issn=0004-4687}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dahal |first=Dev Raj |date=January 2005 |title=Nepal. Looking Back on 2004, Looking Forward to 2005 |url=https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/iez/02832.pdf |website=Friedrich Ebert Stiftung}}</ref> |
The [[4th House of Representatives of Nepal|House of Representatives]] was dismissed by [[King Gyanendra]] on 22 May 2002 on the request of prime minister [[Sher Bahadur Deuba]]. After the Deuba government failed to hold elections and to control the [[Maoist insurgency in Nepal|Maoist insurgency]] he was dismissed by the king in October with the king assuming executive powers to the protest of political parties including CPN (UML).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Krämer |first=Karl-Heinz |date=2003 |title=Nepal in 2002: Emergency and Resurrection of Royal Power |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/as.2003.43.1.208 |journal=Asian Survey |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=208–214 |doi=10.1525/as.2003.43.1.208 |jstor=10.1525/as.2003.43.1.208 |issn=0004-4687}}</ref> In June 2003, general secretary Nepal was proposed as prime minister by the protesting parties but this was ignored by the king and [[Surya Bahadur Thapa|Surya Bahdur Thapa]] was appointed instead.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Krämer |first=Karl-Heinz |date=2004 |title=NEPAL IN 2003: Another Failed Chance for Peace |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/as.2004.44.1.43 |journal=Asian Survey |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=43–48 |doi=10.1525/as.2004.44.1.43 |jstor=10.1525/as.2004.44.1.43 |issn=0004-4687}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 October 2003 |title="We are the people." |url=https://archive.nepalitimes.com/news.php?id=4891 |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=Nepali Times}}</ref> After Thapa's resignation in May 2004, Deuba was reappointed as the prime minister. CPN (UML) also joined the cabinet with [[Bharat Mohan Adhikari]] serving as deputy prime minister.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hutt |first=Michael |date=2005 |title=Nepal and Bhutan in 2004: Two Kings, Two Futures |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/as.2005.45.1.83 |journal=Asian Survey |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=83–87 |doi=10.1525/as.2005.45.1.83 |jstor=10.1525/as.2005.45.1.83 |issn=0004-4687}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dahal |first=Dev Raj |date=January 2005 |title=Nepal. Looking Back on 2004, Looking Forward to 2005 |url=https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/iez/02832.pdf |website=Friedrich Ebert Stiftung}}</ref> |
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On 1 February 2005, King Gyanendra declared a national emergency, placed all leading politicians under house arrest and assumed chairmanship of a 10-member council of ministers.<ref>{{Cite news | |
On 1 February 2005, King Gyanendra declared a national emergency, placed all leading politicians under house arrest and assumed chairmanship of a 10-member council of ministers.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Ramesh |first1=Randeep |last2=correspondent |first2=South Asia |date=2005-02-02 |title=King of Nepal seizes power |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/feb/02/nepal |access-date=2024-07-17 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> CPN (UML) along with other parties in the dissolved lower house formed the [[Seven Party Alliance]] to end the king's direct rule, reinstate the dissolved House of Representatives and form an all-party government. The alliance also opened talks with the [[Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)|CPN (Maoist)]] to end their armed insurgency and join mainstream politics. On 22 November 2002, the alliance signed a 12-point agreement with the Maoists to end the insurgency, abolish the monarchy and restore democratic rule to the country.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-11-22 |title=Nepal: Parties to join hands with Maoists to abolish monarchy |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/nepal/nepal-parties-join-hands-maoists-abolish-monarchy |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=reliefweb.int |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dahal |first=Dev Raj |date=January 2006 |title=Nepal: Looking Back on 2005, Looking Forward to 2006 |url=https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/iez/50215.pdf |website=Friedrich Ebert Stiftung}}</ref> Following the [[2006 Nepalese revolution|2006 revolution]] on 24 April, King Gyanendra restored the [[Interim legislature of Nepal|House of Representatives]] and an all-party government was formed under the leadership of [[Girija Prasad Koirala]].<ref name=":12" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Staff |date=2006-04-24 |title=Nepal's king restores parliament |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/apr/24/nepal |access-date=2024-07-17 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Later that year on 21 November, the [[Comprehensive Peace Accord]] was signed between the Maoists and the Seven Party Alliance which ended the [[Nepalese Civil War|Civil War]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Ramesh |first1=Randeep |last2=correspondent |first2=south Asia |date=2006-11-23 |title=Nepal rejoices as peace deal ends civil war |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/nov/23/nepal |access-date=2024-07-17 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> |
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[[File:Nppcn-uml.png|left|thumb|150x150px|Former logo of CPN (UML)]] |
[[File:Nppcn-uml.png|left|thumb|150x150px|Former logo of CPN (UML)]] |
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=== Constituent Assembly (2008–2017) === |
=== Constituent Assembly (2008–2017) === |
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[[File:Jhala_Nath_Khanal_portrait.jpg|thumb|150x150px|[[Jhala Nath Khanal]], Prime Minister (2011)]] |
[[File:Jhala_Nath_Khanal_portrait.jpg|thumb|150x150px|[[Jhala Nath Khanal]], Prime Minister (2011)]] |
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In the [[2008 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election|2008 election]], the party won 108 out of 575 seats to the [[1st Nepalese Constituent Assembly|Constituent Assembly]]. The party lost most of their leftist vote to the [[Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)|CPN (Maoist)]] and general secretary Madhav Kumar Nepal resigned following his defeat in both of his constituencies and was replaced by [[Jhala Nath Khanal]]. The party joined the coalition government with CPN (Maoist) following the election.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Pokharel |first1=Tilak |last2=Sengupta |first2=Somini |date=2008-08-15 |title=Nepal Elects a Maoist to Be the Prime Minister |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/16/world/asia/16nepal.html |access-date=2017-06-26 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The party's eight general convention in February 2009 elected Khanal as the party chairman and [[Ishwar Pokhrel|Ishwor Pokhrel]] as general secretary.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Rishi |date=2009-03-01 |title=New UML leadership : Time to move together |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/opinion/new-uml-leadership-time-to-move-together |access-date=2024-07-18 |website=The Himalayan Times |language=en}}</ref> Following the controversial sacking of Army Chief of Staff [[Rookmangud Katawal]], CPN (UML) withdrew |
In the [[2008 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election|2008 election]], the party won 108 out of 575 seats to the [[1st Nepalese Constituent Assembly|Constituent Assembly]]. The party lost most of their leftist vote to the [[Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)|CPN (Maoist)]] and general secretary Madhav Kumar Nepal resigned following his defeat in both of his constituencies and was replaced by [[Jhala Nath Khanal]]. The party joined the coalition government with CPN (Maoist) following the election.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Pokharel |first1=Tilak |last2=Sengupta |first2=Somini |date=2008-08-15 |title=Nepal Elects a Maoist to Be the Prime Minister |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/16/world/asia/16nepal.html |access-date=2017-06-26 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The party's eight general convention in February 2009 elected Khanal as the party chairman and [[Ishwar Pokhrel|Ishwor Pokhrel]] as general secretary.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Rishi |date=2009-03-01 |title=New UML leadership : Time to move together |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/opinion/new-uml-leadership-time-to-move-together |access-date=2024-07-18 |website=The Himalayan Times |language=en}}</ref> Following the controversial sacking of Army Chief of Staff [[Rookmangud Katawal]], CPN (UML) withdrew its support from the Maoist government.<ref>{{cite news |date=May 3, 2009 |title=South Asia | Nepal communists quit in protest |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8031622.stm |access-date=August 18, 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref> In November 2009, [[Madhav Kumar Nepal]], who was nominated to the [[1st Nepalese Constituent Assembly|Constituent Assembly]], became prime minister with the support of [[Nepali Congress]] and [[Madheshi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-11-02 |title=Nepali Parliament Elects New Prime Minister |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-2009-05-23-voa15-68687592/408946.html |access-date=2024-07-18 |website=Voice of America |language=en}}</ref> His government lasted for seven months before he resigned following a political deadlock amid failure to draft the new constitution.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2010-06-30 |title=Nepal PM announces resignation 'to end deadlock' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/10464705 |access-date=2024-07-18 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Following seven months of political stalemate party chairman Jhalanath Khanal was elected as prime minister in February 2011 with support from the [[UCPN (Maoist)]].<ref name="bbc_123589852">{{Cite news |date=2011-02-03 |title=Nepal: Jhalanath Khanal elected new prime minister |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-12358985 |access-date=2017-06-26 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> He resigned six months later in August after failing to reach consensus on drafting the new constitution and completing the peace process following which the party supported the new UCPN (Maoist) government.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-08-14 |title=Nepalese Prime Minister Jhalanath Khanal resigns |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-14523275 |access-date=2024-07-18 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-08-28 |title=Baburam Bhattarai elected prime minister of Nepal |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-14700892 |access-date=2017-06-26 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> In November 2012 ahead of the [[2013 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election|new election]], [[Ashok Rai|Ashok Kumar Rai]] broke away from the party along with other [[Indigenous peoples|indigenous]] leaders and formed the [[Federal Socialist Party]] claiming that the party failed to address their concerns during the discussions for promulgation of the constitution.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2012 |title=Sanghiya Samajbadi Party formed under Rai |url=https://amritdahal.blogspot.com/2012/11/sanghiya-samajbadi-party-formed-under.html |access-date=2022-07-07 |website=The Kathmandu Post}}</ref> |
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In the [[2013 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election|2013 election]], the party became the second largest party winning 175 out of 575 elected seats. The party joined the coalition government under the [[Nepali Congress]] following the election with [[Bam Dev Gautam|Bamdev Gautam]] serving as deputy prime minister.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-02-10 |title=Sushil Koirala wins vote to be Nepal's prime minister |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-26116387 |access-date=2017-06-26 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> At the party's ninth general convention in July 2014, [[K.P. Sharma Oli]] became party chair after defeating [[Madhav Kumar Nepal]], while [[Ishwar Pokhrel]] was reelected as general secretary.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UML 9th GC: Oli elected as UML chairman |url=https://kathmandupost.com/miscellaneous/2014/07/15/uml-9th-gc-oli-elected-as-uml-chairman |access-date=2024-07-18 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref> After the new constitution was delivered by the coalition government, party chair K.P. Sharma Oli was elected as prime minister on 12 October 2015 with the support of [[UCPN (Maoist)]], [[Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal]] and other parties.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Bhadra |last2=Barry |first2=Ellen |date=2015-10-11 |title=Nepal Elects K.P. Sharma Oli as New Prime Minister |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/12/world/asia/nepal-elects-kp-sharma-oli-as-new-prime-minister.html |access-date=2017-06-26 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> After the Maoists withdrew their support, Oli resigned in July 2016 ahead of a no-confidence vote.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Bhadra |date=2016-07-24 |title=Nepal's Prime Minister, K. P. Sharma Oli, Resigns Ahead of a No-Confidence Vote |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/25/world/asia/nepal-prime-minister-resigns.html |access-date=2017-06-26 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> |
In the [[2013 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election|2013 election]], the party became the second largest party winning 175 out of 575 elected seats. The party joined the coalition government under the [[Nepali Congress]] following the election with [[Bam Dev Gautam|Bamdev Gautam]] serving as deputy prime minister.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-02-10 |title=Sushil Koirala wins vote to be Nepal's prime minister |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-26116387 |access-date=2017-06-26 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> At the party's ninth general convention in July 2014, [[K.P. Sharma Oli]] became party chair after defeating [[Madhav Kumar Nepal]], while [[Ishwar Pokhrel]] was reelected as general secretary.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UML 9th GC: Oli elected as UML chairman |url=https://kathmandupost.com/miscellaneous/2014/07/15/uml-9th-gc-oli-elected-as-uml-chairman |access-date=2024-07-18 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref> After the new constitution was delivered by the coalition government, party chair K.P. Sharma Oli was elected as prime minister on 12 October 2015 with the support of [[UCPN (Maoist)]], [[Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal]] and other parties.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Bhadra |last2=Barry |first2=Ellen |date=2015-10-11 |title=Nepal Elects K.P. Sharma Oli as New Prime Minister |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/12/world/asia/nepal-elects-kp-sharma-oli-as-new-prime-minister.html |access-date=2017-06-26 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> After the Maoists withdrew their support, Oli resigned in July 2016 ahead of a no-confidence vote.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Bhadra |date=2016-07-24 |title=Nepal's Prime Minister, K. P. Sharma Oli, Resigns Ahead of a No-Confidence Vote |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/25/world/asia/nepal-prime-minister-resigns.html |access-date=2017-06-26 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> |
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=== Left alliance and dissolution (2017–2021) === |
=== Left alliance and dissolution (2017–2021) === |
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In the [[2017 Nepalese local elections|2017 local elections]], 14,099 councilors, including 294 municipal mayors and rural chairs, were elected from the party to local governments. Candidates for the party were elected as mayors in [[Cities of Nepal|major cities]], including the two largest cities [[Kathmandu]] and [[Pokhara|Pokhara Lekhnath]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=UML's Shakya elected Kathmandu mayor |url=http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2017-05-29/umls-shakya-elected-kathmandu-mayor.html |access-date=2018-04-18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=UML wins mayor, deputy mayor in Pokhara Lekhnath metropolis |url=http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2017-05-26/uml-wins-mayor-deputy-mayor-in-pokhara-lekhnath-metropolis.html |access-date=2018-04-18 |language=en}}</ref> The party announced an alliance with the [[CPN (Maoist Centre)]] before the [[2017 Nepalese legislative election|2017 legislative]] and [[2017 Nepalese provincial elections|provincial elections]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-10-03 |title=CPN-UML and CPN-Maoist Centre form alliance in Nepal |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/cpn-uml-and-cpn-maoist-centre-set-to-form-alliance-in-nepal/story-DrP1l0a10oagbNxENvpO2H.html |access-date=2018-04-18 |work=hindustantimes.com/ |language=en}}</ref> The party won 121 seats, becoming the largest party in the [[House of Representatives (Nepal)|House of Representatives]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-01-05 |title=Nepali Communists win landslide, but face big obstacles to win change |url=https://www.greenleft.org.au/content/nepali-communists-win-landslide-face-big-obstacles-win-change |access-date=2018-04-18 |work=Green Left Weekly |language=en}}</ref> and became the largest party in six of Nepal's seven provinces.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nepal's CPN-UML emerges as largest party in historical elections – Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-12/13/c_136823470.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418092943/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-12/13/c_136823470.htm |archive-date=April 18, 2018 |access-date=2018-04-18 |website=www.xinhuanet.com}}</ref> After the election, the party maintained its alliance with the [[CPN (Maoist Centre)]] and formed [[ |
In the [[2017 Nepalese local elections|2017 local elections]], 14,099 councilors, including 294 municipal mayors and rural chairs, were elected from the party to local governments. Candidates for the party were elected as mayors in [[Cities of Nepal|major cities]], including the two largest cities [[Kathmandu]] and [[Pokhara|Pokhara Lekhnath]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=UML's Shakya elected Kathmandu mayor |url=http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2017-05-29/umls-shakya-elected-kathmandu-mayor.html |access-date=2018-04-18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=UML wins mayor, deputy mayor in Pokhara Lekhnath metropolis |url=http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2017-05-26/uml-wins-mayor-deputy-mayor-in-pokhara-lekhnath-metropolis.html |access-date=2018-04-18 |language=en}}</ref> The party announced an alliance with the [[CPN (Maoist Centre)]] before the [[2017 Nepalese legislative election|2017 legislative]] and [[2017 Nepalese provincial elections|provincial elections]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-10-03 |title=CPN-UML and CPN-Maoist Centre form alliance in Nepal |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/cpn-uml-and-cpn-maoist-centre-set-to-form-alliance-in-nepal/story-DrP1l0a10oagbNxENvpO2H.html |access-date=2018-04-18 |work=hindustantimes.com/ |language=en}}</ref> The party won 121 seats, becoming the largest party in the [[House of Representatives (Nepal)|House of Representatives]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-01-05 |title=Nepali Communists win landslide, but face big obstacles to win change |url=https://www.greenleft.org.au/content/nepali-communists-win-landslide-face-big-obstacles-win-change |access-date=2018-04-18 |work=Green Left Weekly |language=en}}</ref> and became the largest party in six of Nepal's seven provinces.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nepal's CPN-UML emerges as largest party in historical elections – Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-12/13/c_136823470.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418092943/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-12/13/c_136823470.htm |archive-date=April 18, 2018 |access-date=2018-04-18 |website=www.xinhuanet.com}}</ref> After the election, the party maintained its alliance with the [[CPN (Maoist Centre)]] and formed [[coalition government]]s in the centre and [[Provincial governments of Nepal|six of the seven provinces]]. The CPN (UML) led governments in [[Provincial Assembly of Province No. 1|Province 1]], [[Provincial Assembly of Bagmati Pradesh|Province 3]], [[Provincial Assembly of Gandaki|Province 4]] and [[Provincial Assembly of Lumbini Pradesh|Province 5]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=UML to get 4 chief ministers, Maoist Centre 2 |url=http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2018-01-29/uml-to-get-4-chief-ministers-maoist-centre-2.html |access-date=2018-04-18 |language=en}}</ref> In accordance with the agreement [[Sher Dhan Rai]], [[Dormani Poudel|Dormani Paudel]], [[Prithvi Subba Gurung|Prithivi Subba Gurung]] and [[Shankar Pokharel]] were appointed as chief ministers of their respective provinces.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2018 |title=Rai sworn in as Province 1 chief minister |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/sherdahn-rai-sworn-province-1-chief-minister |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=thehimalayantimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2018 |title=UML PP leader Dor Mani Paudel appointed CM of Province 3 |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/uml-pp-leader-dor-mani-paudel-appointed-cm-of-province-3 |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=thehimalayantimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2018 |title=Prithvi Subba Gurung appointed as Province 4 CM |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/prithvi-subba-gurung-appointed-province-4-cm/ |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=thehimalayantimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 February 2018 |title=Shankar Pokharel appointed Province 5 CM |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/pokharel-appointed-province-5-cm/ |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=thehimalayantimes.com}}</ref> |
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In the 6 February 2018 [[National Assembly (Nepal)|National Assembly]] election, the CPN (UML) won 27 of 56 contested seats and |
In the 6 February 2018 [[National Assembly (Nepal)|National Assembly]] election, the CPN (UML) won 27 of 56 contested seats and became the largest party in both houses.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-12-09 |title=Left alliance wins 27 seats, Nepali Congress 5 in Nepal polls |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/nepal-polls-left-alliance-wins-26-seats-nepali-cong-3/article21378869.ece |access-date=2018-04-18 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |agency=PTI}}</ref> Party chairman Oli was elected the party's parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives and was appointed prime minister on February 15.<ref name=":23">{{cite web |title=KP Sharma Oli appointed Nepal's new prime minister |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/02/kp-sharma-oli-appointed-nepal-prime-minister-180215113017547.html |access-date=2018-04-18 |website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref> [[Bidya Devi Bhandari]] was re-elected [[President of Nepal|president]] on March 13.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-03-13 |title=Bidya Devi Bhandari re-elected Nepal's president |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/bidya-devi-bhandari-re-elected-nepal-s-president/story-fohqFFg6zJ5rHEg6TkUluM.html |access-date=2018-04-18 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref> After eight months of planning, the Unification Coordination Committee met to finalize plans for the merger of Nepal's biggest [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] parties. On 17 May 2018, the party was dissolved and a new party, the [[Nepal Communist Party]] was formed from the CPN (UML) and the [[CPN (Maoist Centre)]].<ref name=":222">{{cite web |title=UML- Maoist Center unification approved, new party to be registered today itself |url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/41883/ |access-date=2020-12-24 |website=My Republica |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":322">{{cite web |date=2018-05-16 |title=UML and Maoist Centre to form Nepal Communist Party tomorrow |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/kathmandu/uml-and-maoist-centre-to-form-nepal-communist-party-tomorrow/ |access-date=2020-12-24 |website=The Himalayan Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":622"/> |
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=== Revival (2021-present) === |
=== Revival (2021-present) === |
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[[File:Shri_K.P._Sharma_Oli,_in_New_Delhi_on_February_22,_2016.jpg|thumb|200x200px|[[KP Sharma Oli]], Prime Minister (2015–2016 and 2018–2021)]] |
[[File:Shri_K.P._Sharma_Oli,_in_New_Delhi_on_February_22,_2016.jpg|thumb|200x200px|[[KP Sharma Oli]], Prime Minister (2015–2016 and 2018–2021)]] |
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{{See also|2021 split in Nepal Communist Party|2021 split in Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}} |
{{See also|2021 split in Nepal Communist Party|2021 split in Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}} |
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On 8 March 2021, the Supreme Court ruled that the name Nepal Communist Party belong to the [[Communist Party of Nepal (2013)|minor party]] led by Rishiram Kattel and the merger of the two parties was voided.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ghimire |first1=Yubaraj |date=8 March 2021 |title=Nepal top court quashes 2018 formation of ruling Nepal Communist Party |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/world/nepal-top-court-quashes-2018-formation-of-ruling-nepal-communist-party-7218809/ |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> The [[Election Commission (Nepal)|Election Commission]] on 9 March 2021 formally split the party and the CPN (UML) was revived.<ref name=":63" |
On 8 March 2021, the Supreme Court ruled that the name Nepal Communist Party belong to the [[Communist Party of Nepal (2013)|minor party]] led by Rishiram Kattel and the merger of the two parties was voided.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ghimire |first1=Yubaraj |date=8 March 2021 |title=Nepal top court quashes 2018 formation of ruling Nepal Communist Party |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/world/nepal-top-court-quashes-2018-formation-of-ruling-nepal-communist-party-7218809/ |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> The [[Election Commission (Nepal)|Election Commission]] on 9 March 2021 formally split the party and the CPN (UML) was revived.<ref name=":63"/> Four members of the [[House of Representatives (Nepal)|House of Representatives]] and one member of the [[National Assembly (Nepal)|National Assembly]] for CPN (Maoist Centre) also defected to CPN (UML) during the split but were dismissed as parliamentarians following their defection.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 April 2021 |title=Maoist Centre expels four parliamentarians |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/kathmandu/maoist-centre-expels-four-parliamentarians |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=thehimalayantimes.com}}</ref> [[KP Sharma Oli]] lost a [[No confidence motion|no-confidence motion]] on 9 May 2021 but was reappointed as prime minister four days later after the opposition failed to prove a majority.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oli appointed prime minister, days after he lost confidence vote in House |url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2021/05/13/oli-appointed-prime-minister-days-after-he-lost-confidence-vote-in-house |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref> Chief minister of Gandaki, [[Prithvi Subba Gurung]] resigned before a no-confidence motion and chief Minister of Lumbini, [[Shankar Pokharel]] also lost a no-confidence motion but were similarly reappointed after the opposition failed to prove their majority.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gandaki Province Chief Minister Prithvi Subba Gurung resigns ahead of no-confidence vote |url=https://kathmandupost.com/gandaki-province/2021/05/09/gandaki-province-chief-minister-prithvi-subba-gurung-resigns-ahead-of-no-confidence-vote |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=No-confidence motion filed against Lumbini chief minister for second time |url=https://kathmandupost.com/province-no-5/2021/05/09/no-confidence-motion-filed-against-lumbini-chief-minister-for-second-time |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=SHRESTHA |first=SANDESH |title=Gurung reappointed as Gandaki Province chief minister |url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/110673/ |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=My Republica |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pokhrel reappointed Lumbini chief minister amid protests from opposition parties |url=https://kathmandupost.com/province-no-5/2021/05/02/pokhrel-reappointed-lumbini-chief-minister-amid-protests-from-opposition-parties |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref> |
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A [[Council of Ministers of Nepal|cabinet]] meeting chaired by [[Prime Minister of Nepal|prime minister]] and party chairman [[KP Sharma Oli]] recommended the president to dissolve the House of Representatives on 22 May 2021 after members of his party led by former prime ministers [[Madhav Kumar Nepal]] and [[Jhala Nath Khanal]] supported [[Nepali Congress]] leader [[Sher Bahadur Deuba]] as the next prime minister.<ref>{{Cite web |title=In a midnight drama, Nepal President dissolves House and calls polls for November 12 and 19 |url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2021/05/22/president-dissolves-house-calls-snap-polls-for-november-12-and-19 |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref> The Supreme Court reinstated the House of Representatives on 12 July 2021 and Oli resigned from his post the next day.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Court orders President to appoint Congress leader Deuba prime minister by 5pm Tuesday |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2021/07/12/supreme-court-orders-president-to-appoint-nepali-congress-president-sher-bahadur-deuba-prime-minister-by-5pm-tuesday |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Oli to address the nation at 2pm before leaving Baluwatar |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2021/07/13/oli-to-address-the-nation-at-2pm-before-leaving-baluwatar |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref> Twenty-two members of the CPN (UML) voted for Deuba during his confidence vote defying the party whip.<ref name="kathmandupost.com2">{{cite web |title=UML seeks clarification from 22 lawmakers who voted for Deuba during confidence vote |url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2021/07/19/uml-seeks-clarification-from-22-lawmakers-who-voted-for-deuba-during-confidence-vote |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref> The party also lost its government in [[Gandaki Province|Gandaki]] and [[Lumbini Province|Lumbini]] with Gurung losing a [[No confidence motion|no-confidence motion]] and Pokharel resigning.<ref>{{Cite web |last=diwakar |date=2021-06-10 |title=Gandaki CM Gurung loses the vote of confidence - OnlineKhabar English News |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/gandaki-cm-gurung-loses-the-vote-of-confidence.html |access-date=2022-07-06 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kul Prasad KC appointed new CM in Lumbini |url=https://kathmandupost.com/province-no-5/2021/08/12/kul-prasad-kc-appointed-new-cm-in-lumbini |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref> Province 1 chief minister, [[Sher Dhan Rai]] and Bagmati chief minister [[Dormani Poudel|Dormani Paudel]] were replaced in August of that year after losing support within their parliamentary party. They were replaced by [[Bhim Acharya]] and [[Astalaxmi Shakya|Asta Laxmi Shakya]] respectively who were elected by the parliamentary party.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhim Acharya replaces Sherdhan Rai as Province 1 chief minister |url=https://kathmandupost.com/province-no-1/2021/08/26/bhim-acharya-replaces-sherdhan-rai-as-province-1-chief-minister |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bagmati Province Chief Minister Poudel resigns |url=https://english.khabarhub.com/2021/18/203804/ |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=Khabarhub |language=en}}</ref> |
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On 25 August 2021, former prime ministers [[Madhav Kumar Nepal]] and [[Jhala Nath Khanal]] split from the party along with 55 members of the Central Committee, 25 members of the House of Representatives and seven members of the National Assembly and formed the [[CPN (Unified Socialist)]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nepal's largest party splits with faction registering new party |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/asiapacific/2021-08/26/c_1310148882.htm |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=www.xinhuanet.com}}</ref> Other leaders also broke away from the party with [[Hridayesh Tripathi]] forming the [[People's Progressive Party (Nepal)|People's Progressive Party]] and former vice-chairman [[Bam Dev Gautam|Bamdev Gautam]] forming the [[CPN (Unity National Campaign)]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2021-12-14 |title=Hridayesh Tripathi announces new Janata Pragatishil Party - OnlineKhabar English News |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/hridayesh-tripathi-janata-pragatishil-party.html |access-date=2022-07-07 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Setopati |first=Setopati |title=Bam Dev Gautam to form new party |url=https://en.setopati.com/political/157855/ |access-date=2022-02-02 |website=Setopati}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bam Dev Gautam quits CPN-UML |url=https://risingnepaldaily.com/main-news/bam-dev-gautam-quits-cpn-uml |access-date=2022-02-02 |website=GorakhaPatra |language=en}}</ref> Following the split, the party lost its majority in Bagmati and Province 1 and Shakya and Acharya resigned following which the party was in opposition in all seven provinces.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Province 1 Chief Minister Bhim Acharya resigns from his post |url=https://kathmandupost.com/province-no-1/2021/11/01/province-1-chief-minister-bhim-acharya-resigns-from-his-post |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Asta Laxmi Shakya resigns as chief minister of Bagmati Province |url=https://kathmandupost.com/province-no-3/2021/10/27/asta-laxmi-shakya-resigns-as-chief-minister-of-bagmati-province |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref> The [[10th general convention of Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)|10th National Convention]] of the party was held in [[Chitwan District|Chitwan]] between 26 and 29 November 2021 with [[KP Sharma Oli|K.P. Sharma Oli]] being reelected as the party chair.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Republica |title=UML General Convention: Who secured how many votes? |url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/121206/ |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=My Republica |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2021 |title=Oli elected UML chair yet again as party's general convention concludes |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/oli-elected-uml-chair-yet-again-as-partys-general-convention-concludes |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=thehimalayantimes.com}}</ref> |
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In the [[2022 Nepalese local elections|2022 local elections]], 11,929 councillors were elected from the party including 206 mayors and rural chairs. The party lost their mayoral seats in [[Kathmandu]] and [[Pokhara]] and failed to win the mayoral elections in any of the six metropolitan cities in the country. The party formed electoral pacts with [[People's Socialist Party, Nepal (2020)|People's Socialist Party]], [[Rastriya Prajatantra Party]] and other minor parties to contest the [[2022 Nepalese general election|2022 general]] and [[2022 Nepalese provincial elections|provincial elections]]. Former deputy prime minister and [[Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal]] chair [[Kamal Thapa]] also contested the election under the party's electoral symbol.<ref>{{Cite web |title=देउवाको क्षेत्रमा एमाले नेतासहित पाँच जनाले लिए उमेदवारी फिर्ता |url=https://annapurnapost.com/news/dadeldhura-7-214537 |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=देउवाको क्षेत्रमा एमाले नेतासहित पाँच जनाले लिए उमेदवारी फिर्ता |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=एमालेको समर्थनमा कमल थापा मकवानपुर-१ मा चुनाव लड्ने |url=https://ekantipur.com/news/2022/10/08/166523957308345729.html |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=ekantipur.com |language=ne}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=जसपालाई एमालेले २० सिट छाड्ने, राप्रपालाई ५ सिट |url=https://lokaantar.com/story/199208/2022/10/7/politics/uml-jasapa-rpp |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=Lokaantar |language=Nepali}}</ref> At the 2022 general election the party won 79 seats and became the second largest parliamentary party.<ref name=":82"/> The party also emerged as the largest party in [[Provincial assemblies of Nepal|provincial assemblies]] in [[Province No. 1 Provincial Assembly|Province 1]], [[Madhesh Provincial Assembly|Madhesh]] and [[Lumbini Provincial Assembly|Lumbini]] at the [[2022 Nepalese provincial elections|2022 provincial elections]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=NC wins 111 out of 330 Provincial Assembly seats, UML 91 |url=https://www.nepalminute.com/detail/1257/nc-wins-111-out-of-330-provincial-assembly-seats-uml-91/ |access-date=2022-12-26 |website=Nepal Minute}}</ref> |
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The party backed [[CPN (Maoist Centre)]] chairman [[Pushpa Kamal Dahal]]'s bid to become [[Prime Minister of Nepal|prime minister]] and joined a [[Dahal cabinet, 2022|coalition government]] under him on 26 December 2022 with [[Bishnu Prasad Paudel]] joined the cabinet as [[Deputy Prime Minister of Nepal|deputy prime minister]] but the coalition lasted for less than 2 months.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dahal sworn in as prime minister |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2022/12/26/dahal-sworn-in-as-prime-minister |access-date=2022-12-26 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref> In March 2024, the party again supported CPN (Maoist Centre)'s coalition before withdrawing support for the government in July later that year.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Republica |title=PM Dahal reshuffles his cabinet following new alliance with UML |url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/152590/ |access-date=2024-07-18 |website=My Republica |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=UML withdraws support to Dahal government |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2024/07/03/uml-withdraws-support-to-dahal-government |access-date=2024-07-18 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref> Party chairman K.P. Sharma Oli was appointed as prime minister for the fourth time with the support of [[Nepali Congress]] on 15 July 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oli becomes prime minister for fourth time, swearing-in today |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2024/07/14/president-appoints-kp-sharma-oli-prime-minister |access-date=2024-07-18 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref> |
The party backed [[CPN (Maoist Centre)]] chairman [[Pushpa Kamal Dahal]]'s bid to become [[Prime Minister of Nepal|prime minister]] and joined a [[Dahal cabinet, 2022|coalition government]] under him on 26 December 2022 with [[Bishnu Prasad Paudel]] joined the cabinet as [[Deputy Prime Minister of Nepal|deputy prime minister]] but the coalition lasted for less than 2 months.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dahal sworn in as prime minister |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2022/12/26/dahal-sworn-in-as-prime-minister |access-date=2022-12-26 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref> In March 2024, the party again supported CPN (Maoist Centre)'s coalition before withdrawing support for the government in July later that year.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Republica |title=PM Dahal reshuffles his cabinet following new alliance with UML |url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/152590/ |access-date=2024-07-18 |website=My Republica |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=UML withdraws support to Dahal government |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2024/07/03/uml-withdraws-support-to-dahal-government |access-date=2024-07-18 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref> Party chairman K.P. Sharma Oli was appointed as prime minister for the fourth time with the support of [[Nepali Congress]] on 15 July 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oli becomes prime minister for fourth time, swearing-in today |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2024/07/14/president-appoints-kp-sharma-oli-prime-minister |access-date=2024-07-18 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref> |
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== Ideology == |
== Ideology == |
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{{Communism in Nepal}} |
{{Communism in Nepal}} |
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The guiding principle of the party is [[Marxism–Leninism]] and it supports a [[socialism|socialist]] economy but within the confines of a [[parliamentary system]] of governance.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The ideology debates in CPN-UML and CPN (Unified Socialist) |url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2021/09/24/the-ideology-debates-in-cpn-uml-and-cpn-unified-socialist |access-date=2022-07-07 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref> The party had adopted the line of [[People's Multiparty Democracy]] which was proposed by [[Madan Bhandari]] at the party's 5th National Convention in 1993.<ref name=": |
The guiding principle of the party is [[Marxism–Leninism]] and it supports a [[socialism|socialist]] economy but within the confines of a [[parliamentary system]] of governance.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The ideology debates in CPN-UML and CPN (Unified Socialist) |url=https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2021/09/24/the-ideology-debates-in-cpn-uml-and-cpn-unified-socialist |access-date=2022-07-07 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref> The party had adopted the line of [[People's Multiparty Democracy]] which was proposed by [[Madan Bhandari]] at the party's 5th National Convention in 1993.<ref name=":52"/> The party supports the establishment of a [[Welfare state|welfare system]] that guarantees [[social security]] and [[social justice]] to all citizens.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://system.cpnuml.org/parse-image/626?hash=$2y$10$1NWokPCG2VY/jFzS6pjwI./ATmp2XWB.2Za85yF69XZvA/Pouw61K |title=राजनीतिक प्रतिवेदन |publisher=CPN (UML), Central Office |year=2021 |language=ne}}</ref> |
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[[File:जनताको बहुदलीय जनवाद.pdf|thumb|[[People's Multiparty Democracy|People's Multiparty Democracy (जनताको बहुदलीय जनवाद)]]]] |
[[File:जनताको बहुदलीय जनवाद.pdf|thumb|[[People's Multiparty Democracy|People's Multiparty Democracy (जनताको बहुदलीय जनवाद)]]]] |
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Line 476: | Line 479: | ||
|{{No2|In opposition}} |
|{{No2|In opposition}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[2022 Nepalese general election|2022]] |
| rowspan="3" |[[2022 Nepalese general election|2022]] |
||
|[[Khadga Prasad Oli]] |
| rowspan="3" |[[Khadga Prasad Oli]] |
||
|3,233,567 |
| rowspan="3" |3,233,567 |
||
|30.83 |
| rowspan="3" |30.83 |
||
|{{increase}} 0.15 |
| rowspan="3" |{{increase}} 0.15 |
||
|2,845,641 |
| rowspan="3" |2,845,641 |
||
|26.95 |
| rowspan="3" |26.95 |
||
|{{Decrease}} 6.30 |
| rowspan="3" |{{Decrease}} 6.30 |
||
|{{Infobox political party/seats|78|275|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}}} |
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |{{Infobox political party/seats|78|275|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}}} |
||
|{{Decrease}} 43 |
| rowspan="3" |{{Decrease}} 43 |
||
|{{Decrease}} 2nd |
| rowspan="3" |{{Decrease}} 2nd |
||
|{{no2|In Opposition}} |
|||
|} |
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=== Provincial Assembly elections === |
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==== Province 1 ==== |
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{{see also|Koshi Provincial Assembly}} |
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{| class="wikitable" |
|||
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|Election |
|||
! colspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|Constituency votes |
|||
! colspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|Party list votes |
|||
! colspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|Seats |
|||
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|Position |
|||
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|Resulting government |
|||
|- |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|No. |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|% |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|% change |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|No. |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|% |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|% change |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|No. |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|+/- |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan="2" |[[2017 Nepalese provincial elections|2017]] |
|||
| rowspan="2" |720,339 |
|||
| rowspan="2" |37.30 |
|||
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"| |
|||
| rowspan="2" |673,709 |
|||
| rowspan="2" |38.79 |
|||
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"| |
|||
| rowspan="2" |{{Infobox political party/seats|51|93|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}}} |
|||
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"| |
|||
| rowspan="2" |1st |
|||
|{{yes2|Coalition government}} |
|{{yes2|Coalition government}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|{{ |
|{{no2|In opposition}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[2022 Nepalese general election|2022]] |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|665,460 |
|||
|35.04 |
|||
|{{Decrease}} 3.75 |
|||
|{{Infobox political party/seats|40|93|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}}} |
|||
|{{Decrease}} 11 |
|||
|{{Nochange}} 1st |
|||
|{{yes2|Coalition government}} |
|{{yes2|Coalition government}} |
||
|} |
|} |
||
=== Provincial Assembly === |
|||
{{see also|Madhesh Provincial Assembly}} |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
||
! |
! style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white" |Provincial Assembly |
||
! |
! style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white" |Election |
||
! |
! style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white" |Party list votes |
||
! |
! style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white" |% |
||
! |
! style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white" |Seats |
||
! |
! style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white" |+/– |
||
! style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white" |Status |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Koshi Provincial Assembly|Koshi]] |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|No. |
|||
| rowspan="7" |[[2022 Nepalese provincial elections|2022]] |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|% |
|||
|665,460 |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|% change |
|||
|35.04 (#1) |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|No. |
|||
|{{Infobox political party/seats|40|93|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}}} |
|||
|{{Decrease}} 11 |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|% change |
|||
|{{yes|Leading coalition}} |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|No. |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|+/- |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[2017 Nepalese provincial elections|2017]] |
|||
|282,718 |
|||
|15.45 |
|||
|bgcolor="lightgrey"| |
|||
|249,734 |
|||
|16.25 |
|||
|bgcolor="lightgrey"| |
|||
|{{Infobox political party/seats|21|107|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}}} |
|||
|bgcolor="lightgrey"| |
|||
|4th |
|||
|{{No2|In opposition}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Madhesh Provincial Assembly|Madhesh]] |
|||
|[[2022 Nepalese general election|2022]] |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|351,768 |
|351,768 |
||
|16.86 |
|16.86 (#2) |
||
|{{Increase}} 0.61 |
|||
|{{Infobox political party/seats|23|107|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}}} |
|{{Infobox political party/seats|23|107|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}}} |
||
|{{Increase}} 2 |
|{{Increase}} 2 |
||
|{{yes2|In coalition}} |
|||
|{{Increase}} 1st |
|||
|{{yes2|Coalition government}} |
|||
|} |
|||
==== Bagmati ==== |
|||
{{see also|Bagmati Provincial Assembly}} |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|Election |
|||
! colspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|Constituency votes |
|||
! colspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|Party list votes |
|||
! colspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|Seats |
|||
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|Position |
|||
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|Resulting government |
|||
|- |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|No. |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|% |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|% change |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|No. |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|% |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|% change |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|No. |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|+/- |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan="2" |[[2022 Nepalese general election|2022]] |
|||
| rowspan="2" |725,113 |
|||
| rowspan="2" |35.37 |
|||
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"| |
|||
| rowspan="2" |677,317 |
|||
| rowspan="2" |35.81 |
|||
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"| |
|||
| rowspan="2" |{{Infobox political party/seats|58|110|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}}} |
|||
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"| |
|||
| rowspan="2" |1st |
|||
|{{yes2|Coalition government}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{No2|In opposition}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Bagmati Provincial Assembly|Bagmati]] |
|||
|[[2022 Nepalese general election|2022]] |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|594,521 |
|594,521 |
||
|30.69 |
|30.69 (#1) |
||
|{{Decrease}} 5.12 |
|||
|{{Infobox political party/seats|27|110|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}}} |
|{{Infobox political party/seats|27|110|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}}} |
||
|{{Decrease}} 31 |
|{{Decrease}} 31 |
||
|{{yes2|In coalition}} |
|||
|{{Decrease}} 2nd |
|||
|{{yes2|Coalition government}} |
|||
|} |
|||
==== Gandaki ==== |
|||
{{see also|Gandaki Provincial Assembly}} |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|Election |
|||
! colspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|Constituency votes |
|||
! colspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|Party list votes |
|||
! colspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|Seats |
|||
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|Position |
|||
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|Resulting government |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Gandaki Provincial Assembly|Gandaki]] |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|No. |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|% |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|% change |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|No. |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|% |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|% change |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|No. |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|+/- |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan="2" |[[2017 Nepalese provincial elections|2017]] |
|||
| rowspan="2" |268,540 |
|||
| rowspan="2" |26.09 |
|||
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"| |
|||
| rowspan="2" |373,501 |
|||
| rowspan="2" |39.04 |
|||
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"| |
|||
| rowspan="2" |{{Infobox political party/seats|27|60|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}}} |
|||
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"| |
|||
| rowspan="2" |1st |
|||
|{{yes2|Coalition government}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{No2|In opposition}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[2022 Nepalese general election|2022]] |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|349,628 |
|349,628 |
||
|35.47 |
|35.47 (#1) |
||
|{{Decrease}} 3.57 |
|||
|{{Infobox political party/seats|22|60|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}}} |
|{{Infobox political party/seats|22|60|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}}} |
||
|{{Decrease}} 5 |
|{{Decrease}} 5 |
||
|{{yes2|In coalition}} |
|||
|{{Decrease}} 2nd |
|||
|{{yes2|Coalition government}} |
|||
|} |
|||
==== Lumbini ==== |
|||
{{see also|Lumbini Provincial Assembly}} |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|Election |
|||
! colspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|Constituency votes |
|||
! colspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|Party list votes |
|||
! colspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|Seats |
|||
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|Position |
|||
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|Resulting government |
|||
|- |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|No. |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|% |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|% change |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|No. |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|% |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|% change |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|No. |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|+/- |
|||
|- |
|||
| rowspan="2" |[[2017 Nepalese provincial elections|2017]] |
|||
| rowspan="2" |572,942 |
|||
| rowspan="2" |31.35 |
|||
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"| |
|||
| rowspan="2" |533,613 |
|||
| rowspan="2" |33.10 |
|||
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"| |
|||
| rowspan="2" |{{Infobox political party/seats|41|87|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}}} |
|||
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"| |
|||
| rowspan="2" |1st |
|||
|{{yes2|Coalition government}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{No2|In opposition}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Lumbini Provincial Assembly|Lumbini]] |
|||
|[[2022 Nepalese general election|2022]] |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|570,921 |
|570,921 |
||
|30.25 |
|30.25 (#1) |
||
|{{Decrease}} 2.85 |
|||
|{{Infobox political party/seats|29|87|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}}} |
|{{Infobox political party/seats|29|87|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}}} |
||
|{{Decrease}} 12 |
|{{Decrease}} 12 |
||
|{{yes|Leading coalition}} |
|||
|{{Nochange}} 1st |
|||
|- |
|||
|{{yes2|Coalition government}} |
|||
|[[Karnali Provincial Assembly|Karnali]] |
|||
|183,950 |
|||
|31.83 (#1) |
|||
|{{Infobox political party/seats|10|53|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}}} |
|||
|{{Decrease}} 15 |
|||
|{{yes|Leading coalition}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Sudurpashchim Provincial Assembly|Sudurpashchim]] |
|||
|274,675 |
|||
|30.64 (#1) |
|||
|{{Infobox political party/seats|10|53|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}}} |
|||
|{{Decrease}} 15 |
|||
|{{yes2|In coalition}} |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
==== Karnali ==== |
|||
{{see also|Karnali Provincial Assembly}} |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
||
|+Best historic result in provincial elections |
|||
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|Election |
|||
! |
! style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white" |Provincial Assembly |
||
! |
! style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white" |Seats/Total |
||
! |
! style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white" |Party list vote % |
||
! |
! style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white" |Election |
||
! |
! style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white" |Parliamentary Party leader |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[1st Koshi Provincial Assembly|Koshi]] |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|No. |
|||
|{{Infobox political party/seats|51|93|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}}} |
|||
|38.79 (#1) |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|% change |
|||
|[[2017 Nepalese provincial elections|2017]] |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|No. |
|||
|[[Sher Dhan Rai]]<br/>[[Bhim Acharya]] |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|% |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|% change |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|No. |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|+/- |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[2nd Madhesh Provincial Assembly|Madhesh]] |
|||
| rowspan="2" |[[2017 Nepalese provincial elections|2017]] |
|||
|{{Infobox political party/seats|23|107|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}}} |
|||
| rowspan="2" |180,952 |
|||
|16.86 (#2) |
|||
| rowspan="2" |32.58 |
|||
|[[2022 Nepalese provincial elections|2022]] |
|||
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"| |
|||
|Saroj Kumar Yadav |
|||
| rowspan="2" |169,755 |
|||
| rowspan="2" |34.35 |
|||
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"| |
|||
| rowspan="2" |{{Infobox political party/seats|20|40|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}}} |
|||
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"| |
|||
| rowspan="2" |1st |
|||
|{{yes2|Coalition government}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[1st Bagmati Provincial Assembly|Bagmati]] |
|||
|{{No2|In opposition}} |
|||
|{{Infobox political party/seats|58|110|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}}} |
|||
|35.81 (#1) |
|||
|[[2017 Nepalese provincial elections|2017]] |
|||
|[[Dormani Poudel]]<br/>[[Astalaxmi Shakya]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[1st Gandaki Provincial Assembly|Gandaki]] |
|||
|[[2022 Nepalese general election|2022]] |
|||
|{{Infobox political party/seats|27|60|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}}} |
|||
| |
|||
|39.04 (#1) |
|||
| |
|||
|[[2017 Nepalese provincial elections|2017]] |
|||
| |
|||
|[[Prithvi Subba Gurung]] |
|||
|183,950 |
|||
|31.83 |
|||
|{{Decrease}} 2.52 |
|||
|{{Infobox political party/seats|10|40|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}}} |
|||
|{{Decrease}} 10 |
|||
|{{Decrease}} 3rd |
|||
|{{yes2|Coalition government}} |
|||
|} |
|||
==== Sudurpaschim ==== |
|||
{{see also|Sudurpashchim Provincial Assembly}} |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|Election |
|||
! colspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|Constituency votes |
|||
! colspan="3" style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|Party list votes |
|||
! colspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|Seats |
|||
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|Position |
|||
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|Resulting government |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[1st Lumbini Provincial Assembly|Lumbini]] |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|No. |
|||
|{{Infobox political party/seats|41|87|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}}} |
|||
|33.10 (#1) |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|% change |
|||
|[[2017 Nepalese provincial elections|2017]] |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|No. |
|||
|[[Shankar Pokharel]] |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|% |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|% change |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|No. |
|||
!style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}; color:white"|+/- |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[1st Karnali Provincial Assembly|Karnali]] |
|||
| rowspan="2" |[[2017 Nepalese provincial elections|2017]] |
|||
|{{Infobox political party/seats|20|40|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}}} |
|||
| rowspan="2" |291,358 |
|||
|34.35 (#1) |
|||
| rowspan="2" |32.11 |
|||
|[[2017 Nepalese provincial elections|2017]] |
|||
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"| |
|||
|[[Yam Lal Kandel]] |
|||
| rowspan="2" |260,955 |
|||
| rowspan="2" |32.99 |
|||
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"| |
|||
| rowspan="2" |{{Infobox political party/seats|25|53|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}}} |
|||
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"| |
|||
| rowspan="2" |1st |
|||
|{{yes2|Coalition government}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[1st Sudurpashchim Provincial Assembly|Sudurpashchim]] |
|||
|{{No2|In opposition}} |
|||
|{{Infobox political party/seats|25|53|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}}} |
|||
|- |
|||
|32.99 (#2) |
|||
|[[2022 Nepalese general election|2022]] |
|||
|[[2017 Nepalese provincial elections|2017]] |
|||
| |
|||
|Prakash Bahadur Shah |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|274,675 |
|||
|30.64 |
|||
|{{Decrease}} 2.37 |
|||
|{{Infobox political party/seats|10|53|{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}}} |
|||
|{{Decrease}} 15 |
|||
|{{Decrease}} 3rd |
|||
|{{yes2|Coalition government}} |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
Line 878: | Line 676: | ||
|1 |
|1 |
||
|[[Man Mohan Adhikari]] |
|[[Man Mohan Adhikari]] |
||
| [[File: |
| [[File:Manmohan Adhikari (cropped).jpg|frameless|158x158px]] |
||
|30 November 1994 |
|30 November 1994 |
||
|12 September 1995 |
|12 September 1995 |
||
Line 929: | Line 727: | ||
|15 July 2024 |
|15 July 2024 |
||
|Incumbent |
|Incumbent |
||
|{{age in days| |
|{{age in years and days|15 July 2024|}} |
||
|[[2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal|2nd Federal Parliament]] |
|[[2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal|2nd Federal Parliament]] |
||
|[[Fourth Oli cabinet|Oli, 2024]] |
|[[Fourth Oli cabinet|Oli, 2024]] |
||
Line 1,101: | Line 899: | ||
![[File:LeelaGiri.png|center|118x118px]] |
![[File:LeelaGiri.png|center|118x118px]] |
||
|12 January 2023 |
|12 January 2023 |
||
|27 April 2023 |
|||
|''Incumbent'' |
|||
|{{ayd|2023|1|12}} |
|{{ayd|2023|1|12|2023|4|27}} |
||
|[[2nd Lumbini Provincial Assembly|2nd Provincial Assembly]] |
|[[2nd Lumbini Provincial Assembly|2nd Provincial Assembly]] |
||
|[[Leela Giri cabinet|Giri, 2023]] |
|[[Leela Giri cabinet|Giri, 2023]] |
Latest revision as of 17:22, 3 December 2024
The Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) (Nepali: नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी), romanized: nēpāl kamyuniṣṭ pārṭī (ēkīkṛt mārksavādī-lēninavādī); abbr. CPN (UML)) is a communist political party in Nepal. The party emerged as one of the major parties in Nepal after the end of the Panchayat era.
Khadga Prasad Oli has been serving as party chairman since the party's ninth general convention in 2014.[5] The party currently holds 79 seats in the House of Representatives, having won 26.95% of the party list votes in the 2022 general election and is the second largest parliamentary group.[6] The party was the major coalition partner in the current CPN (Maoist Centre) led coalition government[7] until withdrawing its support on 27 February. There have been four prime ministers from the party while the party has led the government five times.
CPN (UML) was the main opposition after the first election following the restoration of multi-party democracy. The party led a minority government under Manmohan Adhikari following the 1994 election. The party joined a coalition government with CPN (Maoist) in 2008 in the first elections after the end of the monarchy in Nepal and led two governments under Madhav Kumar Nepal and Jhala Nath Khanal during the term of the 1st Constituent Assembly. The party also led the first government after the promulgation of the new constitution with KP Sharma Oli serving as prime minister. Oli again served as prime minister following the 2017 election.
Part of a series on |
Communist parties |
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The party was formed in January 1991 after the merger of the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) and the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist). The party merged with CPN (Maoist Centre) to form the Nepal Communist Party on 17 May 2018 but the new party was dissolved and CPN (UML) was revived by a Supreme Court decision on 8 March 2021.[8][9] The party claimed to have 855,000 members as of December 2021 making them the largest party in Nepal by membership.[10][11]
History
[edit]The predecessors of the CPN (UML) were the CPN (Marxist) led by former general secretary the Communist Party of Nepal, Man Mohan Adhikari and CPN (Marxist–Leninist) led by Madan Bhandari. CPN (Marxist) was the successor to CPN (Pushpa Lal) which was founded by the founding general secretary of the Communist Party of Nepal, Pushpa Lal Shrestha.[12] CPN (Marxist–Leninist) had its origins in the 1969 Jhapa rebellion. The conflict took its inspiration the Naxalite movement in India and began after land reform programs were introduced by King Mahendra in 1964.[13][14]
The two parties were constituents of the United Left Front which was formed in 1990 to protest against the Panchayat system. The front along with Nepali Congress helped restore multi party democracy in the country after the 1990 revolution. On 6 January 1991, ahead of the 1991 general election, the first parliamentary elections in the country in three decades, the two parties merged to form the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) with Adhikari serving as the party's first chairman.[15][16]
Post-Jana Andolan (1991–2002)
[edit]In the 1991 election, the party won 69 out of 205 seats in the House of Representatives and was the second largest parliamentary group.[16] Man Mohan Adhikari was elected as the parliamentary party leader and became the Leader of the Opposition. The fifth party congress was held in Kathmandu in January 1993 and People's Multiparty Democracy was adopted as the party line.[17] The congress also elected Adhikari as the party chairman and Madan Bhandari as the general secretary.[18] Later in the year however, Bhandari along with Jibaraj Ashrit died in a vehicle accident in Chitwan and Madhav Kumar Nepal became general secretary.[15] In November 1993, veteran communist leader Tulsi Lal Amatya's group merged in the party.[18]
Following the 1994 election, the party became the largest parliamentary group winning 88 out of 205 seats and formed the first CPN (UML) government. Man Mohan Adhikari became prime minister and formed a minority government with the support of Rastriya Prajatantra Party and Nepal Sadbhwana Party which lasted for nine months. Adhikari recommended dissolving the House of Representatives, and called for new elections after losing the support of his coalition partners, but the move was dismissed by the Supreme Court after a legal challenge by Nepali Congress.[19][20] In 1997 the party supported the minority government of Rastriya Prajatantra Party which lasted for seven months. Following disagreements about the Mahakali treaty, the party faced a split in March 1998. Bam Dev Gautam reconstituted the CPN (Marxist–Leninist) with 46 MPs from the party. In December 1998, the party supported the Nepali Congress–Nepal Sadbhawana Party government which was created to hold the 1999 election.[15][16][21]
The Nepali Congress formed a majority government following the 1999 election and the CPN (UML) became the main opposition winning 70 seats. Following party chairman Adhikari's death in 1999, general secretary Madhav Kumar Nepal became the leader of the party. CPN (Burma) merged into the party on 28 June 2001 and CPN (Marxist–Leninist) reunified with the party on 15 February 2002.[22] A group led by Chandra Prakash Mainali opposed the unification and opted to reconstitute the party. The party held its seventh general convention in February 2003 in Janakpur. Nepal was reelected as the general secretary and the post of party chair which had remained vacant after the death of Adhikari was abolished.[15]
Jana Andolan II (2002–2007)
[edit]The House of Representatives was dismissed by King Gyanendra on 22 May 2002 on the request of prime minister Sher Bahadur Deuba. After the Deuba government failed to hold elections and to control the Maoist insurgency he was dismissed by the king in October with the king assuming executive powers to the protest of political parties including CPN (UML).[23] In June 2003, general secretary Nepal was proposed as prime minister by the protesting parties but this was ignored by the king and Surya Bahdur Thapa was appointed instead.[24][25] After Thapa's resignation in May 2004, Deuba was reappointed as the prime minister. CPN (UML) also joined the cabinet with Bharat Mohan Adhikari serving as deputy prime minister.[26][27]
On 1 February 2005, King Gyanendra declared a national emergency, placed all leading politicians under house arrest and assumed chairmanship of a 10-member council of ministers.[28] CPN (UML) along with other parties in the dissolved lower house formed the Seven Party Alliance to end the king's direct rule, reinstate the dissolved House of Representatives and form an all-party government. The alliance also opened talks with the CPN (Maoist) to end their armed insurgency and join mainstream politics. On 22 November 2002, the alliance signed a 12-point agreement with the Maoists to end the insurgency, abolish the monarchy and restore democratic rule to the country.[29][30] Following the 2006 revolution on 24 April, King Gyanendra restored the House of Representatives and an all-party government was formed under the leadership of Girija Prasad Koirala.[15][31] Later that year on 21 November, the Comprehensive Peace Accord was signed between the Maoists and the Seven Party Alliance which ended the Civil War.[32]
Constituent Assembly (2008–2017)
[edit]In the 2008 election, the party won 108 out of 575 seats to the Constituent Assembly. The party lost most of their leftist vote to the CPN (Maoist) and general secretary Madhav Kumar Nepal resigned following his defeat in both of his constituencies and was replaced by Jhala Nath Khanal. The party joined the coalition government with CPN (Maoist) following the election.[33] The party's eight general convention in February 2009 elected Khanal as the party chairman and Ishwor Pokhrel as general secretary.[34] Following the controversial sacking of Army Chief of Staff Rookmangud Katawal, CPN (UML) withdrew its support from the Maoist government.[35] In November 2009, Madhav Kumar Nepal, who was nominated to the Constituent Assembly, became prime minister with the support of Nepali Congress and Madheshi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal.[36] His government lasted for seven months before he resigned following a political deadlock amid failure to draft the new constitution.[37] Following seven months of political stalemate party chairman Jhalanath Khanal was elected as prime minister in February 2011 with support from the UCPN (Maoist).[38] He resigned six months later in August after failing to reach consensus on drafting the new constitution and completing the peace process following which the party supported the new UCPN (Maoist) government.[39][40] In November 2012 ahead of the new election, Ashok Kumar Rai broke away from the party along with other indigenous leaders and formed the Federal Socialist Party claiming that the party failed to address their concerns during the discussions for promulgation of the constitution.[41]
In the 2013 election, the party became the second largest party winning 175 out of 575 elected seats. The party joined the coalition government under the Nepali Congress following the election with Bamdev Gautam serving as deputy prime minister.[42] At the party's ninth general convention in July 2014, K.P. Sharma Oli became party chair after defeating Madhav Kumar Nepal, while Ishwar Pokhrel was reelected as general secretary.[43] After the new constitution was delivered by the coalition government, party chair K.P. Sharma Oli was elected as prime minister on 12 October 2015 with the support of UCPN (Maoist), Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal and other parties.[44] After the Maoists withdrew their support, Oli resigned in July 2016 ahead of a no-confidence vote.[45]
Left alliance and dissolution (2017–2021)
[edit]In the 2017 local elections, 14,099 councilors, including 294 municipal mayors and rural chairs, were elected from the party to local governments. Candidates for the party were elected as mayors in major cities, including the two largest cities Kathmandu and Pokhara Lekhnath.[46][47] The party announced an alliance with the CPN (Maoist Centre) before the 2017 legislative and provincial elections.[48] The party won 121 seats, becoming the largest party in the House of Representatives,[49] and became the largest party in six of Nepal's seven provinces.[50] After the election, the party maintained its alliance with the CPN (Maoist Centre) and formed coalition governments in the centre and six of the seven provinces. The CPN (UML) led governments in Province 1, Province 3, Province 4 and Province 5.[51] In accordance with the agreement Sher Dhan Rai, Dormani Paudel, Prithivi Subba Gurung and Shankar Pokharel were appointed as chief ministers of their respective provinces.[52][53][54][55]
In the 6 February 2018 National Assembly election, the CPN (UML) won 27 of 56 contested seats and became the largest party in both houses.[56] Party chairman Oli was elected the party's parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives and was appointed prime minister on February 15.[57] Bidya Devi Bhandari was re-elected president on March 13.[58] After eight months of planning, the Unification Coordination Committee met to finalize plans for the merger of Nepal's biggest left-wing parties. On 17 May 2018, the party was dissolved and a new party, the Nepal Communist Party was formed from the CPN (UML) and the CPN (Maoist Centre).[59][60][8]
Revival (2021-present)
[edit]On 8 March 2021, the Supreme Court ruled that the name Nepal Communist Party belong to the minor party led by Rishiram Kattel and the merger of the two parties was voided.[61] The Election Commission on 9 March 2021 formally split the party and the CPN (UML) was revived.[9] Four members of the House of Representatives and one member of the National Assembly for CPN (Maoist Centre) also defected to CPN (UML) during the split but were dismissed as parliamentarians following their defection.[62] KP Sharma Oli lost a no-confidence motion on 9 May 2021 but was reappointed as prime minister four days later after the opposition failed to prove a majority.[63] Chief minister of Gandaki, Prithvi Subba Gurung resigned before a no-confidence motion and chief Minister of Lumbini, Shankar Pokharel also lost a no-confidence motion but were similarly reappointed after the opposition failed to prove their majority.[64][65][66][67]
A cabinet meeting chaired by prime minister and party chairman KP Sharma Oli recommended the president to dissolve the House of Representatives on 22 May 2021 after members of his party led by former prime ministers Madhav Kumar Nepal and Jhala Nath Khanal supported Nepali Congress leader Sher Bahadur Deuba as the next prime minister.[68] The Supreme Court reinstated the House of Representatives on 12 July 2021 and Oli resigned from his post the next day.[69][70] Twenty-two members of the CPN (UML) voted for Deuba during his confidence vote defying the party whip.[71] The party also lost its government in Gandaki and Lumbini with Gurung losing a no-confidence motion and Pokharel resigning.[72][73] Province 1 chief minister, Sher Dhan Rai and Bagmati chief minister Dormani Paudel were replaced in August of that year after losing support within their parliamentary party. They were replaced by Bhim Acharya and Asta Laxmi Shakya respectively who were elected by the parliamentary party.[74][75]
On 25 August 2021, former prime ministers Madhav Kumar Nepal and Jhala Nath Khanal split from the party along with 55 members of the Central Committee, 25 members of the House of Representatives and seven members of the National Assembly and formed the CPN (Unified Socialist).[76] Other leaders also broke away from the party with Hridayesh Tripathi forming the People's Progressive Party and former vice-chairman Bamdev Gautam forming the CPN (Unity National Campaign).[77][78][79] Following the split, the party lost its majority in Bagmati and Province 1 and Shakya and Acharya resigned following which the party was in opposition in all seven provinces.[80][81] The 10th National Convention of the party was held in Chitwan between 26 and 29 November 2021 with K.P. Sharma Oli being reelected as the party chair.[82][83]
In the 2022 local elections, 11,929 councillors were elected from the party including 206 mayors and rural chairs. The party lost their mayoral seats in Kathmandu and Pokhara and failed to win the mayoral elections in any of the six metropolitan cities in the country. The party formed electoral pacts with People's Socialist Party, Rastriya Prajatantra Party and other minor parties to contest the 2022 general and provincial elections. Former deputy prime minister and Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal chair Kamal Thapa also contested the election under the party's electoral symbol.[84][85][86] At the 2022 general election the party won 79 seats and became the second largest parliamentary party.[6] The party also emerged as the largest party in provincial assemblies in Province 1, Madhesh and Lumbini at the 2022 provincial elections.[87]
The party backed CPN (Maoist Centre) chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal's bid to become prime minister and joined a coalition government under him on 26 December 2022 with Bishnu Prasad Paudel joined the cabinet as deputy prime minister but the coalition lasted for less than 2 months.[88] In March 2024, the party again supported CPN (Maoist Centre)'s coalition before withdrawing support for the government in July later that year.[89][90] Party chairman K.P. Sharma Oli was appointed as prime minister for the fourth time with the support of Nepali Congress on 15 July 2024.[91]
Ideology
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The guiding principle of the party is Marxism–Leninism and it supports a socialist economy but within the confines of a parliamentary system of governance.[92] The party had adopted the line of People's Multiparty Democracy which was proposed by Madan Bhandari at the party's 5th National Convention in 1993.[17] The party supports the establishment of a welfare system that guarantees social security and social justice to all citizens.[93]
Symbol
[edit]The election symbol of CPN (UML) is the sun which is also present in the party logo.[94] The hammer and sickle, a common symbol of communism, is also used in the party flag and logo. The party constitution determines that a golden hammer and sickle inside a red sun is the party's logo.[95]
Organisation
[edit]Central organisation
[edit]The National Convention is the supreme body of CPN (UML) and it is organized every five years by the party's Central Committee. The national convention elects the central secretariat and the central committee of the party. The convention also discusses and approves political documents, organisational proposals and amendments to the party constitution.[95]
The Central Committee of the party is the highest decision-making body within general conventions and is responsible to the national convention. The National Convention elects a Central Secretariat consisting of a chair, a senior vice-chair, six vice-chairs, one general secretary, three deputy general secretaries and seven secretaries. The Central Secretariat along with other elected members make up the 301-member Central Committee of the party. The chairs of the seven provincial committees of the party are also ex-officio members of the Central Committee. One-third of the committee is also required to be female. The Central Committee also elects a 99-member Politburo and a 45-member Standing Committee among its members.[95]
When the Central Committee is not in session the Politburo is the highest decision-making body, the Standing Committee follows the Politburo in hierarchy and the Central Secretariat follows the Standing Committee. The National Convention also elects a Central Disciplinary Commission, a Central Accounts Commission and a Central Electoral Commission. A Central Advisory Council can also be formed by the Central Committee if needed.[95]
Provincial and local organisation
[edit]Party committees exist at the provincial, district, local, ward and neighborhood level. In addition to this the party has a separate special committee in the Kathmandu Valley which is in the same level as the provincial committees in the party. The provincial committee holds a provincial convention every four years and the rest of the committees hold a convention every three years except for neighborhood committees which hold a convention every two years. The convention elects the leadership and members of the committee which is the supreme decision-making body in between conventions. The party also has organisational committees for areas where the party does not have presence yet.[95]
Electoral performance
[edit]Legislative elections
[edit]Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Election | Leader | Constituency votes | Party list votes | Seats | Position | Resulting government | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | % change | No. | % | % change | No. | +/- | ||||
1991 | Madan Bhandari | 2,040,102 | 27.98 | 69 / 205
|
2nd | In opposition | |||||
1994 | Man Mohan Adhikari | 2,352,601 | 30.85 | 2.87 | 88 / 205
|
19 | 1st | Minority government | |||
1999 | Madhav Kumar Nepal | 2,728,725 | 31.66 | 0.81 | 71 / 205
|
17 | 2nd | In opposition | |||
2008 | Madhav Kumar Nepal | 2,229,064 | 21.63 | 10.03 | 2,183,370 | 20.33 | 108 / 601
|
37 | 3rd | Coalition government | |
2013 | Jhala Nath Khanal | 2,492,090 | 27.55 | 5.92 | 2,239,609 | 23.66 | 3.33 | 175 / 575
|
67 | 2nd | Coalition government |
2017 | Khadga Prasad Oli | 3,082,277 | 30.68 | 3.13 | 3,173,494 | 33.25 | 9.59 | 121 / 275
|
54 | 1st | Coalition government |
In opposition | |||||||||||
2022 | Khadga Prasad Oli | 3,233,567 | 30.83 | 0.15 | 2,845,641 | 26.95 | 6.30 | 78 / 275
|
43 | 2nd | Coalition government |
In opposition | |||||||||||
Coalition government |
Provincial Assembly
[edit]Provincial Assembly | Election | Party list votes | % | Seats | +/– | Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Koshi | 2022 | 665,460 | 35.04 (#1) | 40 / 93
|
11 | Leading coalition |
Madhesh | 351,768 | 16.86 (#2) | 23 / 107
|
2 | In coalition | |
Bagmati | 594,521 | 30.69 (#1) | 27 / 110
|
31 | In coalition | |
Gandaki | 349,628 | 35.47 (#1) | 22 / 60
|
5 | In coalition | |
Lumbini | 570,921 | 30.25 (#1) | 29 / 87
|
12 | Leading coalition | |
Karnali | 183,950 | 31.83 (#1) | 10 / 53
|
15 | Leading coalition | |
Sudurpashchim | 274,675 | 30.64 (#1) | 10 / 53
|
15 | In coalition |
Provincial Assembly | Seats/Total | Party list vote % | Election | Parliamentary Party leader |
---|---|---|---|---|
Koshi | 51 / 93
|
38.79 (#1) | 2017 | Sher Dhan Rai Bhim Acharya |
Madhesh | 23 / 107
|
16.86 (#2) | 2022 | Saroj Kumar Yadav |
Bagmati | 58 / 110
|
35.81 (#1) | 2017 | Dormani Poudel Astalaxmi Shakya |
Gandaki | 27 / 60
|
39.04 (#1) | 2017 | Prithvi Subba Gurung |
Lumbini | 41 / 87
|
33.10 (#1) | 2017 | Shankar Pokharel |
Karnali | 20 / 40
|
34.35 (#1) | 2017 | Yam Lal Kandel |
Sudurpashchim | 25 / 53
|
32.99 (#2) | 2017 | Prakash Bahadur Shah |
Local election
[edit]Election | Leader(s) | Council Head | Council Deputy | Councillors | Position | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
# | +/- | # | +/- | # | +/- | |||
2017 | KP Sharma Oli | 294 / 753
|
331 / 753
|
14,097 / 35,038
|
1st | |||
2022 | KP Sharma Oli | 206 / 753
|
90 | 240 / 753
|
108 | 11,890 / 35,011
|
2,207 | 2nd |
Leadership
[edit]Chairmen
[edit]- Man Mohan Adhikari, 1991–1999
- Jhala Nath Khanal, 2009–2014
- Khadga Prasad Oli, 2014–2018, 2021–present
General secretaries
[edit]- Madan Bhandari, 1993
- Madhav Kumar Nepal, 1993–2008
- Jhala Nath Khanal, 2008–2009
- Ishwor Pokhrel, 2009–2018, in 2021
- Shankar Pokhrel, 2021–present
Prime Ministers of Nepal
[edit]No. | Prime Minister | Portrait | Term in office | Legislature | Cabinet | Constituency | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Start | End | Tenure | ||||||
1 | Man Mohan Adhikari | 30 November 1994 | 12 September 1995 | 286 days | 3rd House of Representatives | Adhikari, 1994 | Kathmandu 3 | |
2 | Madhav Kumar Nepal | 25 May 2009 | 6 February 2011 | 1 year, 257 days | 1st Constituent Assembly | Madhav Nepal, 2009 | Nominated | |
3 | Jhala Nath Khanal | 6 February 2011 | 29 August 2011 | 204 days | 1st Constituent Assembly | Khanal, 2011 | Ilam 1 | |
4 | Khadga Prasad Oli | 12 October 2015 | 4 August 2016 | 297 days | Legislature Parliament | Oli, 2015 | Jhapa 7 | |
15 February 2018 | 13 May 2021 | 3 years, 148 days | 1st Federal Parliament | Oli, 2018 | Jhapa 5 | |||
13 May 2021 | 13 July 2021 | Oli, 2021 | ||||||
15 July 2024 | Incumbent | 159 days | 2nd Federal Parliament | Oli, 2024 |
Chief Ministers
[edit]Koshi Province
[edit]No. | Chief Minister | Portrait | Term in office | Legislature | Cabinet | Constituency | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Start | End | Tenure | ||||||
1 | Sher Dhan Rai | 14 February 2018 | 26 August 2021 | 3 years, 193 days | 1st Provincial Assembly | Rai, 2018 | Bhojpur 1(B) | |
2 | Bhim Acharya | 26 August 2021 | 1 November 2021 | 67 days | Acharya, 2021 | Sunsari 1(B) | ||
3 | Hikmat Kumar Karki | 9 January 2023 | 7 July 2023 | 179 days | 2nd Provincial Assembly | Karki I, 2023 | Jhapa 5 (A) | |
8 September 2023 | 15 October 2023 | 37 days | Karki II, 2023 | |||||
9 May 2024 | Incumbent | 226 days | Karki II, 2024 |
Bagmati Province
[edit]No. | Chief Minister | Portrait | Term in office | Legislature | Cabinet | Constituency | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Start | End | Tenure | ||||||
1 | Dormani Poudel | 11 February 2018 | 18 August 2021 | 3 years, 188 days | 1st Provincial Assembly | Poudel, 2018 | Makwanpur 1(B) | |
2 | Astalaxmi Shakya | 18 August 2021 | 27 October 2021 | 70 days | Shakya, 2021 | Kathmandu 8(B) |
Gandaki Province
[edit]No. | Chief Minister | Portrait | Term in office | Legislature | Cabinet | Constituency | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Start | End | Tenure | ||||||
1 | Prithivi Subba Gurung | 16 February 2018 | 9 May 2021 | 3 years, 82 days | 1st Provincial Assembly | Gurung, 2018 | Lamjung 1(B) | |
12 May 2021 | 12 June 2021 | 31 days | ||||||
2 | Khagaraj Adhikari | 9 January 2023 | 27 April 2023 | 108 days | 2nd Provincial Assembly | Adhikari, 2023 | Kaski 1 (A) | |
7 April 2024 | 27 May 2024 | 50 days | Adhikari, 2024 |
Lumbini Province
[edit]No. | Chief Minister | Portrait | Term in office | Legislature | Cabinet | Constituency | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Start | End | Tenure | ||||||
1 | Shankar Pokharel | 15 February 2018 | 2 May 2021 | 3 years, 76 days | 1st Provincial Assembly | Pokharel, 2018 | Dang 2(A) | |
2 May 2021 | 11 August 2021 | 101 days | ||||||
2 | Leela Giri | 12 January 2023 | 27 April 2023 | 105 days | 2nd Provincial Assembly | Giri, 2023 | Rupandehi 2 (A) |
Karnali Province
[edit]No. | Chief Minister | Portrait | Term in office | Legislature | Cabinet | Constituency | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Start | End | Tenure | ||||||
1 | Yam Lal Kandel | 10 April 2024 | Incumbent | 255 days | 2nd Provincial Assembly | Kandel, 2024 | Surkhet 2 (A) |
Sudurpashchim Province
[edit]No. | Chief Minister | Portrait | Term in office | Legislature | Cabinet | Constituency | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Start | End | Tenure | ||||||
1 | Rajendra Singh Rawal | 12 January 2023[96] | 9 February 2023 | 28 days | 2nd Provincial Assembly | Rawal, 2023 | List MP |
Sister organizations
[edit]- General Federation of Nepalese Trade Unions
- National Youth Association, Nepal
- All Nepal National Free Students Union
- All Nepal Women's Association
- All Nepal Peasants Association
- All India Nepalese Free Students Union
- Nepal National Teachers Association
- National People's Cultural Forum
- Democratic National Organization of Persons with Disabilities–Nepal
See also
[edit]- Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist)
- Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) (1986–91)
- Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) (1998)
- Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist)
- Nepal Communist Party
- List of communist parties in Nepal
Notes
[edit]- ^ Including 1 suspended member
References
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{{cite news}}
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External links
[edit]- Official website (in English and Nepalese)
- Information on the party from FES
- Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)
- 1991 establishments in Nepal
- 2018 disestablishments in Nepal
- 2021 establishments in Nepal
- Communist parties in Nepal
- Political parties disestablished in 2018
- Political parties established in 1991
- Political parties established in 2021
- International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties