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Coordinates: 35°06′04″N 129°01′41″E / 35.101°N 129.028°E / 35.101; 129.028
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The market changed drastically in character in the 1950s. Busan (Pusan) became the interim capital (18AUG1950-27OCT1950 & 4JAN1951-15AUG1953) and experienced an astounding mass immigration.<ref name="Kim, J. C. H. 2017">Kim, J. C. H. (2017). "Pusan at War: Refuge, Relief, and Resettlement in the Temporary Capital, 1950–1953." Journal of American-East Asian Relations, 24(2/3), 103–127.</ref> During the Korean War, Busan would see nearly 800,000 refugees. In June 1950, 200,000 evacuees from Seoul, January 1951, 500,000 evacuees from Seoul, and 100,000 Refugees from North Korea after the Chinese people's volunteer force occupied Seoul. During this time, an influx of U.S. soldiers arrived in response to the U.S. Army constructing a military complex in the area, thus increasing need for trade and boosting the market's business and clientele. during the [[Korean War]]. Busan (then associated with the [[Pusan Perimeter]]), was a hub for refugees escaping the war. There, refugees set up stalls to sell goods and make a living. Of particular popularity was imported or foreign goods (particularly from the [[United States Forces Korea|U.S. Army]]), which were generally forbidden for Koreans to own, let alone sell.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Gukje Market (국제시장) |url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/svc/whereToGo/locIntrdn/locIntrdnList.do?vcontsId=96189 |access-date=2023-09-22 |website=Gukje Market (국제시장) |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> Due to the increase in foreign goods, some illegal. A bustling Black market soon formed alongside Gukje Market. Koreans from across the peninsula, as well as [[Koreans in Japan|Koreans who were just returning from Japan]], settled down in Busan and started new lives there. By 1951, Busan held 1/3 of South Korea's Population. Many people had no family support network to lean on.<ref name=":3" />
The market changed drastically in character in the 1950s. Busan (Pusan) became the interim capital (18AUG1950-27OCT1950 & 4JAN1951-15AUG1953) and experienced an astounding mass immigration.<ref name="Kim, J. C. H. 2017">Kim, J. C. H. (2017). "Pusan at War: Refuge, Relief, and Resettlement in the Temporary Capital, 1950–1953." Journal of American-East Asian Relations, 24(2/3), 103–127.</ref> During the Korean War, Busan would see nearly 800,000 refugees. In June 1950, 200,000 evacuees from Seoul, January 1951, 500,000 evacuees from Seoul, and 100,000 Refugees from North Korea after the Chinese people's volunteer force occupied Seoul. During this time, an influx of U.S. soldiers arrived in response to the U.S. Army constructing a military complex in the area, thus increasing need for trade and boosting the market's business and clientele. during the [[Korean War]]. Busan (then associated with the [[Pusan Perimeter]]), was a hub for refugees escaping the war. There, refugees set up stalls to sell goods and make a living. Of particular popularity was imported or foreign goods (particularly from the [[United States Forces Korea|U.S. Army]]), which were generally forbidden for Koreans to own, let alone sell.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Gukje Market (국제시장) |url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/svc/whereToGo/locIntrdn/locIntrdnList.do?vcontsId=96189 |access-date=2023-09-22 |website=Gukje Market (국제시장) |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> Due to the increase in foreign goods, some illegal. A bustling Black market soon formed alongside Gukje Market. Koreans from across the peninsula, as well as [[Koreans in Japan|Koreans who were just returning from Japan]], settled down in Busan and started new lives there. By 1951, Busan held 1/3 of South Korea's Population. Many people had no family support network to lean on.<ref name=":3" />


=== Fires ===
⚫
Gukje Market has experienced significant damage over the years. Two significant fires occurred in December 1950 and January 1953. The fires affected 1,984 shops and houses and uprooted 2,366 families.<ref name="Kim, J. C. H. 2017"/> The market, which had been extremely large and bustling, didn't regain its former size and status after the 1953 fire, especially as the Korean War was cooling down and people were returning home.<ref name=":3" />
⚫
[[File:1953년 1월 30일 발생한 부산 국제시장 대화재로 인하여 폐허처럼 변한 시장 일대 1.jpg|thumb|Ruins after the 1953 fire]]
Gukje Market has experienced significant damage from fires in 1950 and 1953.<ref name="Kim, J. C. H. 2017" /> On January 30, 1953, there was a significant fire in the market. The fire was caused by three drunk cosmetics merchants, who knocked over an oil lamp in the market restaurant Chunhyangwon ({{Korean|hangul=춘향원|labels=no}}), which was in the north part of the market. The fire spread rapidly and consumed the entire market. The fire spread to [[Changseon Market]] ({{Korean|hangul=창선시장|labels=no}}) and largely destroyed that market as well. At the time, Busan had a significant number of [[Korean War]] refugees who lived in highly flammable shantytowns. Many of these shanty buildings were destroyed in the blaze. The fire continued for nine hours since its beginning, until 1:00&nbsp;a.m. on January 31. The fire destroyed around 1,600 structures, caused damages of around 1 trillion [[South Korean won (1945–1953)|won]], and displaced 22,500 people from 6,800 households.<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ko:부산 국제 시장 대화재(釜山國際市場大火災) - 부산역사문화대전 |url=https://busan.grandculture.net/Contents?local=busan&dataType=01&contents_id=GC04200975 |access-date=2024-12-01 |website=[[Encyclopedia of Korean Local Culture]]}}</ref>


⚫
The market, which had been extremely large and bustling, didn't regain its former size and status after the 1953 fire, especially as the Korean War was cooling down and people were returning home.<ref name=":3" />

=== Recent history ===
Until the 1990s, the market was considered a key place to acquire foreign goods. With the advent of the internet, that role has diminished.<ref name=":5" /> In 2023, it was reported that many traditional businesses in the market have closed or are struggling.. In an effort to modernize, shops catering to younger people and foreign clientele have replaced more traditional shops. In 2015 Gukje Market participated in the Global Luxury Mark Promotion Project.<ref>4. [국제시장 - 국제시장] 과거, 현재, 미래가 함께하는 장터, 부산 국제시장. 국제시장. (n.d.). https://gukjemarket6.modoo.at/</ref> The initiative was to introduce the market on a global scale as a cultural landmark <ref name=":5" />
Until the 1990s, the market was considered a key place to acquire foreign goods. With the advent of the internet, that role has diminished.<ref name=":5" /> In 2023, it was reported that many traditional businesses in the market have closed or are struggling.. In an effort to modernize, shops catering to younger people and foreign clientele have replaced more traditional shops. In 2015 Gukje Market participated in the Global Luxury Mark Promotion Project.<ref>4. [국제시장 - 국제시장] 과거, 현재, 미래가 함께하는 장터, 부산 국제시장. 국제시장. (n.d.). https://gukjemarket6.modoo.at/</ref> The initiative was to introduce the market on a global scale as a cultural landmark <ref name=":5" />


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== Gallery ==
== Gallery ==
{{Gallery
{{Gallery
|3=1953년 2월 8일 국제시장.jpg|4=The market, with renewed activity around just a week after the fire (February 8, 1953)|5=Gukje Market 1.jpg|6=A sign for the market (2018)|7=Manmul Street in Busan.jpg|8=Manmul Street in the market (2018)|9=Gukje Market.jpg|10=A street in the market (2018)|11=Gukje Market in Busan.jpg|12=A covered shopping street (2018)}}
⚫
|1953년 1월 30일 발생한 부산 국제시장 대화재로 인하여 폐허처럼 변한 시장 일대 1.jpg
|The ruined market shortly after the January 30, 1953 fire
|1953년 2월 8일 국제시장.jpg
|The market, with renewed activity around just a week after the fire (February 8, 1953)
|Gukje Market 1.jpg
|A sign for the market (2018)
|Manmul Street in Busan.jpg
|Manmul Street in the market (2018)
|Gukje Market.jpg
|A street in the market (2018)
|Gukje Market in Busan.jpg
|A covered shopping street (2018)
}}


==See also==
==See also==
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==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category inline|Gukje Market}}
{{Commons category-inline|Gukje Market}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170420062237/http://tour.bsjunggu.go.kr/01/index.php?code=0101&bcode=view&idx=5400088 Jung District - Gukje Market] {{in lang|ko}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170420062237/http://tour.bsjunggu.go.kr/01/index.php?code=0101&bcode=view&idx=5400088 Jung District - Gukje Market] {{in lang|ko}}


Latest revision as of 03:34, 4 December 2024

This article is about the retail market. For the film, see Ode to My Father.
Gukje Market
The market at night (2019)
Map
Coordinates35°06′04″N 129°01′41″E / 35.101°N 129.028°E / 35.101; 129.028
AddressSinchang-dong 4-ga, Jung District, Busan, South Korea
ParkingYongdusan Park Public Parking
Websiteeng.gukjemarket.co.kr (in English)
Korean name
Hangul
국제시장
Hanja
國際市場
Revised RomanizationGukje Sijang
McCune–ReischauerKukche Sijang

Gukje Market (Korean: 국제시장) or Nampodong International Market is a market in Sinchang-dong, Jung District, Busan, South Korea.[1] It was originally known by the name Dottaegi Market, and later as Jayu Market.

The market was founded in 1945 under the name Dotegi Market in an empty lot. It sold goods left behind by the Japanese during their departure from Korea after the Japanese Colonial Period ended. Items procured from foreign trade and with U.S Military members were also sold. This catapulted the rise of the markets business. In 1948 the name of the market changed to a free market and later to an international market in 1950. During the 1950–1953 Korean War, the market became a hotspot for commerce and culture, as people from all over the Korean peninsula sought refuge in the Busan area.

Today Gukje Market spans 6 zones, 12 buildings, 24 spaces and countless vendors.[2] The market now sells a diverse array of goods, particularly machinery tools, kitchenware, and clothing. Newer storefronts, restaurants, and attractions have been added in recent years.[3] It is accessible from the Jagalchi and Nampo subway stations.[4] It is within walking distance to two other markets, Bupyeong Market [ko] and Jagalchi Market.[5]

The market was famously depicted in the 2014 film of the same Korean name (English title Ode to My Father). The film is currently the fourth highest-grossing film in the history of South Korean cinema, with 14.2 million tickets sold.[6]

History

[edit]

It is one of the oldest continuously operating marketplaces in South Korea, operating for nearly 80 years, having started in 1945, just after the Japanese colonial period.[7][8] Its original name was Dottaegi Market (도떼기시장; lit. Bustling Market).[9][10] In 1948, it changed its name to Jayu Market (자유시장; lit. Freedom Market).[10][8] The market received its current name in May 1950.[8]

The market changed drastically in character in the 1950s. Busan (Pusan) became the interim capital (18AUG1950-27OCT1950 & 4JAN1951-15AUG1953) and experienced an astounding mass immigration.[11] During the Korean War, Busan would see nearly 800,000 refugees. In June 1950, 200,000 evacuees from Seoul, January 1951, 500,000 evacuees from Seoul, and 100,000 Refugees from North Korea after the Chinese people's volunteer force occupied Seoul. During this time, an influx of U.S. soldiers arrived in response to the U.S. Army constructing a military complex in the area, thus increasing need for trade and boosting the market's business and clientele. during the Korean War. Busan (then associated with the Pusan Perimeter), was a hub for refugees escaping the war. There, refugees set up stalls to sell goods and make a living. Of particular popularity was imported or foreign goods (particularly from the U.S. Army), which were generally forbidden for Koreans to own, let alone sell.[9][3][10] Due to the increase in foreign goods, some illegal. A bustling Black market soon formed alongside Gukje Market. Koreans from across the peninsula, as well as Koreans who were just returning from Japan, settled down in Busan and started new lives there. By 1951, Busan held 1/3 of South Korea's Population. Many people had no family support network to lean on.[10]

Fires

[edit]
Ruins after the 1953 fire

Gukje Market has experienced significant damage from fires in 1950 and 1953.[11] On January 30, 1953, there was a significant fire in the market. The fire was caused by three drunk cosmetics merchants, who knocked over an oil lamp in the market restaurant Chunhyangwon (춘향원), which was in the north part of the market. The fire spread rapidly and consumed the entire market. The fire spread to Changseon Market (창선시장) and largely destroyed that market as well. At the time, Busan had a significant number of Korean War refugees who lived in highly flammable shantytowns. Many of these shanty buildings were destroyed in the blaze. The fire continued for nine hours since its beginning, until 1:00 a.m. on January 31. The fire destroyed around 1,600 structures, caused damages of around 1 trillion won, and displaced 22,500 people from 6,800 households.[12]

The market, which had been extremely large and bustling, didn't regain its former size and status after the 1953 fire, especially as the Korean War was cooling down and people were returning home.[10]

Recent history

[edit]

Until the 1990s, the market was considered a key place to acquire foreign goods. With the advent of the internet, that role has diminished.[5] In 2023, it was reported that many traditional businesses in the market have closed or are struggling.. In an effort to modernize, shops catering to younger people and foreign clientele have replaced more traditional shops. In 2015 Gukje Market participated in the Global Luxury Mark Promotion Project.[13] The initiative was to introduce the market on a global scale as a cultural landmark [5]

The Korean title of the 2014 film Ode to My Father is actually the name of this market. The film centers around a family who owns a shop in the market ("Kkotbunine"),[7] and their experience from the Korean War until the present day.[14]

[edit]
  • The market, with renewed activity around just a week after the fire (February 8, 1953)
    The market, with renewed activity around just a week after the fire (February 8, 1953)
  • A sign for the market (2018)
    A sign for the market (2018)
  • Manmul Street in the market (2018)
    Manmul Street in the market (2018)
  • A street in the market (2018)
    A street in the market (2018)
  • A covered shopping street (2018)
    A covered shopping street (2018)

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Cha, Frances (July 29, 2013). "Best of Busan: What to do in Korea's 'second city'". CNN. Retrieved December 4, 2014.
  2. ^ [국제시장 - 국제시장] 과거, 현재, 미래가 함께하는 장터, 부산 국제시장. 국제시장. (n.d.). https://gukjemarket6.modoo.at/
  3. ^ a b "Gukje Market (국제시장)". Gukje Market (국제시장). Retrieved 2023-09-22.
  4. ^ 국제시장 오시는길. eng.gukjemarket.co.kr. Retrieved 2023-09-22.
  5. ^ a b c Min-kyung, Jung (2023-07-27). "[Subway Stories] Jagalchi Station: Busan's vibrant market hub". The Korea Herald. Retrieved 2023-09-22.
  6. ^ "KOBIS(발권)통계". Korean Film Council. Retrieved June 3, 2022.
  7. ^ a b Min-sik, Yoon (2019-11-14). "Shopping for herring: Marketplaces in Busan". The Korea Herald. Retrieved 2023-09-22.
  8. ^ a b c 국제시장의 역사. eng.gukjemarket.co.kr. Retrieved 2023-09-22.
  9. ^ a b "Gukje Market bustling with energy". www.visitbusan.net. Retrieved 2023-09-22.
  10. ^ a b c d e 부산 국제시장. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Retrieved 2023-09-22.
  11. ^ a b Kim, J. C. H. (2017). "Pusan at War: Refuge, Relief, and Resettlement in the Temporary Capital, 1950–1953." Journal of American-East Asian Relations, 24(2/3), 103–127.
  12. ^ 부산 국제 시장 대화재(釜山國際市場大火災) - 부산역사문화대전. Encyclopedia of Korean Local Culture. Retrieved 2024-12-01.
  13. ^ 4. [국제시장 - 국제시장] 과거, 현재, 미래가 함께하는 장터, 부산 국제시장. 국제시장. (n.d.). https://gukjemarket6.modoo.at/
  14. ^ "Ode to My Father: A depiction of the history of modern Korea". The Business Standard. 2020-12-03. Retrieved 2023-09-22.
[edit]

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